“稳健的财政政策和货币政策”用prudent还是sound

reform and opening up and in the modernization drive改革开放和社会主义现代化建设put into practice the guiding principles of the Sixteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) under the leadership of the CPC and the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents以邓小平理论和”三个代表”重要思想为指导，贯彻落实党的十六大精神Per capita GDP人均国内生产总值financial strength grew noticeably财力明显增强total government revenue全国财政收入total import and export volume进出口总额urban per capita disposable income城镇居民人均可支配收入rural per capita net income农民人均纯收入grew in real terms实际增长first manned spaceflight首次载人航天飞行overall national strength综合国力communicable disease传染性疾病mobilized the general public throughout the country to control the outbreak在全国范围内实行群防群控primary-level organizations基层组织prevention and treatment work预防救治工作anti-SARS campaign抗击非典斗争expand domestic demand扩大内需a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策macro-control宏观调控rectify and standardize the order of the land market 整顿和规范土地市场秩序stop disorderly and unauthorized acquisition of farmland制止乱征滥占耕地deposit-reserve ratio存款准备金率an appropriate amount of fine-tuning适度微调agriculture, rural areas and farmers"三农"major grain producing areas粮食主产区important raw and processed materials重要原材料strategic restructuring of the economy经济结构战略性调整the second phase of the key water control project at the Three Gorges on the Yangtze River三峡水利枢纽二期工程transmitting natural gas from the west to the east 西气东输transmission of electricity from the west to the east 西电东送south-to-north water diversion project南水北调工程social undertakings社会事业treasury bonds国债national public health system全国公共卫生体系public health infrastructure公共卫生设施pilot projects试点项目medical care system and medical assistance system医疗制度和医疗合作制度central budget中央财政预算strategically important hi-tech research战略高技术研究industrial application of new and high technologies 高新技术产业化a national medium- to long-range program for scientific and technological development国家中长期科学和技术发展规划feasibility studies可行性研究family planning work计划生育工作land and resources administration国土资源管理social security work社会保障工作vital interests切身利益college expansion plan高校扩招计划regular institutions of higher learning普通高校"two guarantees" (guaranteeing that the living allowances for workers laid off from state-owned enterprises and that the pensions of retirees are paid on time and in full)"两个确保"（确保国有企业下岗职工的基本生活，确保离退休人员的基本生活，保证按时足额发放基本养老金）"three-stage guarantee" for laid-off workers"三条保障线"（国有企业下岗职工基本生活保障、失业保险、城市居民最低生活保障制度三条保障线）subsistence allowances for the urban poor城市居民最低生活保障special funds专项资金ex-servicemen退役军人disabled revolutionary servicemen革命伤残军人post-disaster reconstruction灾后重建the problem of wage arrears for migrant rural workers拖欠农民工工资问题institutional innovation体制创新state assets国有资产a mechanism for oversight and management of the banking sector银行业监管体系administrative examination and approval system行政审批制度Fresh progress was made in transformingstate-owned enterprises into stock companies.国有企业股份制改革继续推进。

1.Economynational economy 国民经济macro-economy 宏观经济GDP,GNPper capita 人均domestic consumption 国内消费disposable income 可支配收入negative growth 负增长to fuel domestic demand 拉动内需高分句型eg:中国经济在00~07年出现了大幅增长。

(1) There was a dramatic increase in Chinese economy from 2000 to 2007.(2) The seven years from 2000 to 2007 witnessed a dramatic increase in Chinese economy .(3) China enjoyed a dramatic increase in economy from 2000 to 2007.P.S. 无论英文是怎样的句型，译成中文都是一样的~考点：趋势&幅度(1) 趋势：a. 上升：soar,rocket,ascend,boom,bloom,spring,mushroom……b. 下降：drop,slide,decline,descend,plump,plunge,slump,subside,collapse……c. 波动：fluctuationd. 保持平稳：remain,tranquil(2) 幅度：a. 大幅：dramatically,drastically,sharply,tremendously……b. 小幅：slightly,steadily,morderately,evenly……(3) 数字：万ten thousand ；十万100 thousand；百万million；千万10 million ;亿100 million——强记！！！(4) 倍数：翻两番（四倍）4 times that of ……；quadrupling that of ……(5) 百分比：percentage higher/lower than that of ……eg: 中国的外贸总额再过去6年中大幅攀升，到2006年为最高值4985亿美元，跟7年前翻两番。

2021年政府工作报告（7）｜翻译重点及短语归纳解析稳健的货币政策要灵活精准、合理适度。

/把服务实体经济放到更加突出的位置，处理好恢复经济与防范风险的关系。

/货币供应量和社会融资规模增速与名义经济增速基本匹配，保持流动性合理充裕，保持宏观杠杆率基本稳定。

/保持人民币汇率在合理均衡水平上的基本稳定。

We will keep our prudent monetary policy flexible and targeted and at a reasonable and appropriate level. We will give even greater priority to serving the real economy, and balance the needs of promoting economic recovery and preventing risks. We will see that increases in money supply and aggregate financing are generally in step with economic growth in nominal terms, maintain a proper and adequate level of liquidity supply, and keep the macro leverage ratio generally stable. We will also keep the RMB exchange rate generally stable at an adaptive, balanced level.翻译重点1.无主句处理（We will do sth/see that…）2.“合理”一词三译：“reasonable, proper, adaptive”3.“基本”除了“basic/basically”呢？---“generally”4.学习“keep sth adj/介宾”结构用法短语归纳及解析1.灵活精准、合理适度 keep sth flexible and targeted and at a reasonable and appropriate level2. 把…放到更加突出的位置give even greater priority to …翻译技巧“具体转宏观”：“把…放在更加突出位置”=“让…更加显眼”=“更加重视…或重中之重”3.处理好做A和做B的关系 balance the needs of doing A and doing B （“处理好”=“平衡”）注：对等转换为“平衡做A的必要性和做B的必要性”4.A和B基本匹配 A is generally in step with B注：in step with 与…协调；与…保持一致5.增速 increase/growth6.融资规模aggregate financing （融资总量）; 货币供应量money supply7.名义经济增速 economic growth in nominal terms8.保持流动性合理充裕 maintain a proper and adequate level of liquidity supply注：“合理proper”避免与“reasonable”；“流动性”是指“流动资产量”9.宏观杠杆率 macro leverage ratio10.保持…基本稳定 keep sth generally stable11.在合理均衡水平上 at an adaptive, balanced level注：“合理”译为“adaptive适应的；有适应能力的”可以避免与上一个“合理reasonable”重复。

宏观调控英语术语
宏观调控英语术语是指应用于宏观经济领域的一些专业术语，主要用于描述国家或政府在宏观经济领域进行的调控活动。

以下是一些常见的宏观调控英语术语：
1. Fiscal Policy：财政政策
2. Monetary Policy：货币政策
3. Interest Rate：利率
4. Inflation：通货膨胀
5. Deflation：通货紧缩
6. Recession：经济衰退
7. Stabilization Policy：稳定政策
8. Aggregate Demand：总需求
9. Aggregate Supply：总供给
10. Gross Domestic Product (GDP)：国内生产总值
11. Unemployment Rate：失业率
12. Exchange Rate：汇率
13. Balance of Payments：国际收支
14. Structural Adjustment：结构调整
15. Public Debt：公共债务
16. Money Supply：货币供应量
这些术语在宏观经济领域中被广泛使用，有助于描述和分析国家或政府在经济调控方面所采取的政策和措施。

了解这些术语可以帮助
我们更好地理解经济现象和政策。

四个部分：新闻中常见的经济类英语词汇1. 出租车起步价 flag down fare2. 法定准备金率 required reserve ratio3. 实体经济 real economy 虚拟经济 fictitious economy4. 反盗版 anti-piracy 知识产权 intellectual property rights5. 出口退税 tax rebates 人民币升值 the yuan’s appreciation6. 信贷紧缩 credit crunch 次贷危机 subprime mortgage rate 最优惠贷款利率 prime rate7. 翻盖手机 flip/clamshell 滑盖手机 slide phone 直板手机 bar phone8. 经济适用房 economically affordable house9. 安居工程 housing project for low-income urban residents10 .住房保障制度 housing security system11. 大宗交易系统 block trading system 竞价交易系统 bid trading system12. 暴利税 windfall tax13. 整容手术 cosmetic surgery (face –lifting)14. 双眼皮手术 double eyelid operation 鼻子手术 nose job15. 从紧的货币政策 tight monetary policy16. 宽松的货币政策 easy monetary policy17. 审慎的财政政策 prudent fiscal policy18. 油价飙升 oil prices surge19. 原油价飙升 crude oil prices surge20. 石油输出国组织 organization of the petroleum exporting countries(OPEC)21. 原油储备 crude oil stockpiles22. 轻质原油 light sweet crude23. 使人均GDP翻两番 to quadruple per capita GDP24. 股权收购、股权投资 stake purchase ; take stakes25. 世界巡演 worldwide tour 复出巡演 comeback tour26. 个体工商户 self—employed people27. 房屋中介 letting agent 保险经纪人 insurance agent 地产经纪人 estate agent28. 直销 direct selling 传销 pyramid selling29. 漫游费 roaming fee 单向收费 one -way charge 来电免费业务 free incoming calls30. 吃回扣 to take/receive/get kickback31. 洗钱 money laundering32. 透支 overdraft33. 股市牛年 bullish year34. 上市子公司 listed subsidiary35. 海关税收 customs revenue36. 税收减免 tax break37. 二流货的 cut—rate38. 高端产品 high end product39. 货币升值 revaluation40. 跳槽 job—popping41. 大片 blockbuster42. 货币经纪人 money broker43. 起征点 cutoff point44. 暴发户；新贵 upstart45. 养老保险 endowment insurance46. 解雇金 severance pay47. 勾销债款 write off48. 高峰期 peak season49. 职员总数 headcount50. 买入股票 buy into51. 出境游 outbound travel52. 逃税 tax evasion53. 公开募款 initial public offering54. 新闻专线 newswire55. 衰退 downturn56. 由…推出 bow out57. 便携式游戏机 PSP58. 负有责任的 accountable59. 精炼厂，炼油厂 refinery60. 杀手 hit man61. 官方证明书 clearance62. 家禽流行病 epizonntic63. 辞职；下台 step down64. 门户网站 portal65. 小轿车 sedan66. 战略石油储备 strategic petroleum reserve67. 半导体 semiconductor68. 基准点，衡量标准 benchmark69. 出口补贴 export subsidy70. 对…不太重视 play down71. 记账卡，签帐卡 charge card72. 反托拉斯 anti—trust73. 资产负债表 balance sheet74. 最佳位置最佳时期 sweet spot75. 货存，库存量 inventory76. 集体诉讼 class action77. 反倾销 antidumping78. 不足，赤字，差额 shortfall79. 美国联邦储备系统 Federal Reserve80. 资本净值 net worth81. 汇丰银行 HSBC82. 国际货币基金组织 IMF83. 财务欺诈 accounting fraud84. 国际套利资本 hot money法律英语词汇:民商经济法专业词汇Civil Laws, Commercial Laws and Economic Laws按照出资比例：in proportion to one’s respective contributions to the investment 办理注销登记：cancel the registration被代理人：the principal被侵权人 the infringed本人名义：in one’s name标的subject matter补偿制度compensation system不动产登记制 Lot and Block System财产法 property law财产的添附 accretion of property; property accession财产抵押权 property mortgage财产继承权：the right of inheritance财产关系和人身关系：property relationships and personal relationships财产管理人 property administrator; custodian of property财产混同 confusion; hotchpot财产留置权 encumbrance采用书面形式：in writing仓单 warehouse voucher草签合同 initial a contract; sign a referendum contract; ad referendum contract 长期合同 long-term contract偿付能力 solvency capability of reimbursement超越代理权：beyond the scope of one’s power of agency撤消合同cancellation of contract撤销合同 cancel a contract; rescind a contract; avoid a contract撤销权 right of rescission; right of revocation撤销要约 revocation of offer; revoke an offer撤销遗赠 cancellation o will; revocationi of will承运人 actual fault of the carrier承运人的留置权 carrier’s lien诚信原则 principle of good faith诚实信用原则：principle honesty and credibility; principle of honestry and good faith; good faith principle ; bona fide principle船舶承租人 charterer船舶抵押权 right of mortgage with respect to a ship; mortage of the ship; ship mortgage船舶抵押权的设定 establishment of mortgage of the ship船舶抵押的消灭 extinguishments of the mortgage of the ship船舶抵押权登记 registration of ship mortgage船舶留置权 possessory lien; lien of ship村民委员会：the village committee惩罚性的损害赔偿 punitive damages乘人之危：take advantage of one’s unfavorable position处分财产 dispose of properties处分权 act of disposition处分原则 principle of disposition代理民事活动：be represented in civil activities by代理权终止：the expiration of one’s power of agency单独承担的责任 undivided responsibility单方法律行为unilateral obligation单方行政行为 unilateral administrative act等价有偿：making compensation for equal value对等原则 principle of reciprocity对价consideration对抗措施counter measure对人权right in personam; personal right对世权 real right; right in rem恶意串通：conspire maliciously恶意行为ill will mala fides法人 judicial person; legal body法人的权利能力 legal capacity of juristic person法人的责任能力 capacity for responsibility of juristic person 法人权限 corporate power法人人格 corporate personality法人身份 status of a legal person法人团体 corporation法人资格 corporate capacity法人组织章程：the articles of association of the legal person 负共同连带责任 liable jointly and severally负全部责任 bear all responsibilities; in all charge负有解释的义务 accountable负有连带义务的每个债务人：each of the joint debtors附带的条件 incident附带要求 contingent claim附带原因 contributory cause; inherent cause附条件的民事法律行为：conditional civil juristic acts附条件的权利 conditional right赋予权力 entitle个体工商户：individual businesses个人合伙：individual partnership各尽所能，按劳分配 from each according to his ability, to each according to his needs给付定金：leave a deposit with the other party工商行政管理机关：the administrative agency for industry and commerce公民基本义务 fundamental duties of citizens合同contract合同法 contract law合同副本 copies of the contract合同规定 contract provisions/stipulations合同履行地法 lex loci contractus合同期限contract period (or contract term)合同条款contract terms (or contract clause)合同有效期contract life合同正本 originals of the contract合伙人：partners合议制 collegial system核准登记的经营范围：within the range approved and registered恢复原状 recovery of original state; restitution; restoration of he original conditions; retitutio in integrum集体所有制企业：an enterprise under collective ownership技术合同纠纷案件 controversy over a technology contract监护人：guardian经主管机关核准登记：approved and registered by the competent authority居民委员会：the neighborhood committee履行监护职责：fulfill duty of guardianship埋藏物、隐藏物：buried or concealed object买卖、出租、抵押、转让：be sold, leased, mortgaged or transferred农村承包经营户：leaseholding farm households平等主体：civil subjects with equal status企业法人被撤销：the dissolution of an enterprise as legal person企业法人分立、合并：the division and merger of an enterprise as legal person企业法人解散：disbanding of an enterprise as legal person契约自由 liberty of contract取得不当得利：profits acquired improperly and without a lawful basis取得法人资格：be qualified as a legal person全民所有制企业：an enterprise owned by the whole people让与 alien; alienate; assign; cede让与的利益 benefit of cession让与权 benefit of cessioni设定义务的规则 rule of imposing duty设立、变更、终止民事关系：establish, change or terminate civil relationship所有权 ownership书面合同 a written contract双倍返还定金：repay the deposit in double双方法律行为 bilateral legal transaction擅自变更或者解除（民事法律行为）：alter or rescind one’s act arbitrarily他物权 right over the property of another提供一定的财产作为抵押物：offer a specific property as a pledge违反合同breach of contract委托代理：entrusted agency委托代理人：an entrusted agent无过错责任 liability without negligence无民事行为能力人：a person having no capacity for civil conduct无因管理：act as manager or provide services in order to protect another person’s interests when he is not legally or contractually obligated to do so下落不明 one’s whereabouts have been unknown限制民事行为能力人：a person with limited capacity for civil conduct享有连带权利的每个债权人：each of the joint creditors行使代理权：exercise the power of agency宣告为无（限制）民事行为能力人：declare … to be a person to be without or with limited capacity for civil conduct遗失物、漂流物：lost-and-found objects, flotsam以抵押物折价或者以变卖抵押物的价款优先得到偿还：to keep the pledge to offset the debt or have priority in satisfying his claim out of the proceeds from the sale of the pledge以合法形式掩盖非法目的：perform under the guise of legitimate acts which conceal illegitimate purposes以欺诈、胁迫的手段：as a result of cheating or coercion意思表示 show one’s intention意思表示真实：the intention expressed is genuine优先购买的权利：a right of pre-emption优先权 priority, preemptive right有过错的一方：the erring party有连带责任的 conjunctly and severally有权向债务人追偿：have the right to claim repayment from the debto造成财产损失：cause any property loss责任能力 capacity for responsibility责任年龄 capacity of responsibility; year of discretion债的标的 object of obligation债的发生 creation of obligation债的消灭 extinction of obligation占有人有权留置该财产：the possessor shall have a lien on the property指定代理：appointed agency执行合同 carry out a contract, execute/implement/fulfill/perform a contract 主要办事机构：the main administrative office追偿：claim compensation from住所：domicileEconomic LawsPART I Company Law*第一部分公司法*Law of the PRC（People's Republic of China）中华人民共和国公司法rights and interests合法权益2-1 legitimate [lɪ'dʒɪtɪmət] adj. 合法的，合理的；v. 使合法，相当于（legitimize）。

Interpretation Expressions1. Economy1.trade deficit 贸易逆差2.CPI(consumer price index) 消费价格指数3.fixed assets investment 固定资产投资4.U.S. subprime mortgage crisis美国次贷危机5.Curb inflation制止[控制]通货膨胀6.macro control measures 宏观调控政策7.The threshold of ……的门槛8.slashing tax rebate 大幅降低退还税款9. a prudent fiscal policy and a tight monetary policy稳健的财政政策和从紧的货币政策10.adverse effects 不利影响11.individual income 个人收入12.sleet and snow disaster 雪灾13.prevent the economy from over-heating 防止经济过热14.referendum on joining the United Nation under the name of Taiwan台湾入联公投15.trade power 贸易大国16.expand domestic demands 扩大内需17.In the upper reaches of the river 在河水上游In the lower reaches of the river 在河水下游11.trade surplus 贸易顺差12.UNDP: United Nations Development Program13.Income disparity:收入差距14.Iron rice bowl:铁饭碗15.State-owned enterprise:国有企业16.Maternity leave:产假17.Economic base determines the super structure.经济基础决定上层建筑。

货币政策用英语怎么说货币政策是指中央银行为实现既定的目标，运用各种工具调节货币供应量来调节市场利率，通过市场利率的变化来影响民间的资本投资，影响总需求来影响宏观经济运行的各种方针措施。

那么你知道货币政策用英语怎么说吗?下面欢迎大家跟着店铺一起来学习。

货币政策的英语说法：monetary policy货币政策相关英语表达：宽松的货币政策 Easy-money policy紧缩的货币政策 tight monetary policy融通性货币政策 accommodative monetary policy货币政策传导机制 conduction mechanism of monetary policy 中性货币政策 Neutral Monetary Policy货币政策的英语例句：1. Domestic conditions did not justify a loosening of monetary policy.国内的情况并不足以成为放松货币政策的正当理由。

2. U.S. authorities have not yet indicated their monetary policy plans.美国当局尚未透露他们的货币政策计划。

3. a one-size-fits-all monetary policy一刀切的货币政策4. America and Japan have settled back into a policy of benign neglect of their currencies.美国和日本又回到了不作为货币政策的老路。

5. Some countries tighten monetary policy to avoid inflation.一些国家实行紧缩银根的货币政策，以避免通货膨胀。

6. The government has compromised with its critics over monetary policies.政府已经就货币政策向批评人士作出让步。

什么是积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策稳健的货币政策，是指根据经济变化的征兆来调整政策取向，以下是店铺整理的关于什么是积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策的相关资料，希望对你有帮助!积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策的涵义积极财政政策的涵义我国政府提出和实施的积极财政政策，是有其特定的经济社会背景和政策涵义的。

其一，积极的财政政策是就政策作用大小的比较意义而言的。

改革开放以来，由于多种原因，我国财政收入占GDP的比重，以及中央财政收入占全部财政收入的比重不断下降，出现了国家财政的宏观调控能力趋于弱化，“吃饭财政”难以为继的窘境。

面对中国经济成功实现“软着陆”之后出现的需求不足、投资和经济增长乏力的新形势及新问题，特别是面对亚洲金融危机的冲击和影响，必须使我国财政政策尽快从调控功能弱化的困境中走出来，对经济增长发挥更加直接、更为积极的促进和拉动作用。

这就是“更加积极”或积极的财政政策的主要涵义。

其二，积极的财政政策是就我国结构调整和社会稳定的迫切需要而言的。

随着改革开放的深入，市场化程度的不断提高，我国社会经济生活中的结构性矛盾也日渐突出，成了新形势下扩大内需、开拓市场、促进经济持续快速健康发展的严重障碍。

而作为结构调整最重要手段的财政政策，显然应在我国的结构优化和结构调整中，发挥比以往更加积极的作用。

此外，由于社会收入分配差距扩大，国有企业改革中下岗、失业人数增加，城市贫困问题的日渐显现等原因，作为社会再分配唯一手段的财政政策，也必须在促进社会公平、保证社会稳定方面发挥至为关键的调节功能。

这是市场机制和其它政策手段所无法替代的。

形势的变化，紧迫的客观需要，使中国的财政政策不能不走上前台，充分发挥其应有的积极作用。

其三，积极的财政政策不是一种政策类型，而是一种政策措施选择。

中外的经济理论表明，现代市场经济条件下的财政政策，大体可分为扩张性财政政策、紧缩性财政政策和中性财政政策三种类型。

如本世纪30年代美国的“罗斯福新政”，及其与之配套、至少实行了10年之久的扩张性财政政策;日本自60年代以来所奉行的扩张性财政政策等，都具有这种政策特征和政策取向。

汉英口译分类词汇--经济金融词汇(1)不景气slump (衰退recession)二板市场the second board market中国创业板China Growth Enterprise Market首次上市IPOs (initial public offering)市场资本总额market capitalization法人股institutional shares内部股(非上市招股) private company shares牛市bull market法律风险legal risk风险管理risk management坚持严格的贷款标准maintain strong underwriting standards六大风险risks in 6 key areas (U.S. Federal Reserve criterion)信用风险credit risk供给学派supply-side economist第一产业(农业) agriculture (primary industry)第二产业(工业) manufacturing industry (secondary industry)第三产业(服务业) service industry (tertiary industry)主要经济指标major economic indicators国内生产总值GDP gross domestic product (商品和劳务币值总和，不包括海外收入支出) 国民生产总值GNP gross national product(商品和劳务币值总和，包括海外收入支出)人均国内生产总值GDP per capita宏观经济macro economy互助基金mutual fund扩大内需expand domestic demand改善居民心理预期inspire the general public's confidence in the future needs鼓励增加即期消费encourage more immediate consumption长期国债long-term treasury bonds支付国债利息to service treasury bonds财政赤字和债务deficits and the national debt按原口径计算calculate on the base line按不变价格计算calculate at constant price按可比价格计算calculate at comparable price列入财政预算支出listed in the fiscal budget结售汇制度the system of exchange, settlement and sales经常项目顺差favorable balance of current account, surplus of current account 开办人民币业务engage in Renminbi (RMB) business出口退税制度the system of refunding taxes on exported goods保证金台帐制度Deposit account system for processing trade分期付款pay by installment保值储蓄inflation-proof bank savings抵押贷款collateralised loans住房抵押贷款residential mortgage loan货币主义者monetarist计划经济planned economy指令性计划mandatory plan技术密集型technology intensive大规模生产mass production经济林cash tree跟踪审计follow-up auditing流动性风险liquidity risk操作风险operational risk内部审计internal audit抛售bear sales配套政策supporting policies中国人民银行(中央银行)The People's Bank of China(central bank)四大国有商业银行 4 major State-owned commercial banks中国银行Bank of china中国工商银行Industrial and Commercial Bank of China中国建设银行Construction Bank of China中国农业银行Agricultural Bank of China招商银行China Merchants Bank疲软股票soft stock配股allotment of shares实际增长率growth rate in real terms年均增长率average growth rate per annum投资回报率rate of return on investment外贸进出口总额total foreign trade value实际利用外资incoming overseas capital (investment) in place消费价格指数consumer price index (CPI)零售价格指数retail price index (RPI)生活费用价格总指数total price index of living cost生活费用income available for living expenses扣除物价因素in real terms / on inflation-adjusted basis居民储蓄存款residents' bank savings deposit恩格尔系数(食品开支占总支出的比例) Engel coefficient基尼系数(衡量地区差别) Gini coefficient购买力平价法purchasing power parity (PPP) (衡量使用不同货币的两个国家或地区的经济水平、收入水平的一种计算法，用相等的汇率比较两种货币各自的国内购买力)片面追求发展速度excessive pursuit of growth泡沫经济bubble economy经济过热overheating of economy通货膨胀inflation实体经济the real economy经济规律laws of economics市场调节market regulation优化资源配置optimize allocation of resources规模经营优势advantage of economies of scale劳动密集型labor intensive市场风险market risk收紧银根tighten up monetary policy适度从紧的财政政策moderately tight fiscal policy信用紧缩credit crunch加强国有商业银行内部资金调度In state commercial banks, internal capital allocation should be improved.合理划分贷款审批权限Limits of authority for examining and approving loans should be rationally defined.保证有市场、有效益、守信用企业的流动资金贷款ensure floating capital loans for well-performing and trustworthy enterprises which turn out the right products for the right markets启动民间投资attract investment from the private sector适销对路的产品the right products / readily marketable products国有企业State-owned enterprises (SOEs)集体企业collectively-owned (partnership) enterprises私营企业private businesses民营企业privately-run businesses中小企业small-and-medium-sized enterprises中日关系热点词汇territorial dispute 领土争端Diaoyu Islands 钓鱼岛Yasukuni Shrine 靖国神社Shared/common interests 共同利益Japan-US alliance 日美联盟cooperation in nontraditional areas 非传统领域合作confrontational feelings 对立情绪timely dialogue and negotiations 及时对话和谈判to achieve a settlement through peaceful means 和平解决问题crisis management mechanism 危机管控机制strategically and mutually beneficial relationship 战略互惠关系pacifist constitution 和平宪法self-defense forces 自卫队China-Japan status quo 中日关系现状bilateral trade 双边贸易Beijing consensus 北京共识to break the diplomatic deadlock 打破外交僵局The interwoven interests of the two countries must be protected; the current unstable relations must be improved; and the worsening situations and possible further deterioration of public sentiment in the two countries must be controlled.中日间密不可分的利益都应当得到维护，目前不稳定的两国关系必须得到改善，事态进一步恶化和国民感情对立升级必须得到控制。

Sublist 1Word BuildingThe following prefixes and roots are involved in some words of this section.Words*require vt. 需要, 要求【构词分析】：由re-（再，又）+ quire（寻求，寻找）构成。

【习惯用法】：require sth. of sb. 对某人有...的要求require sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事【同义辨析】：require和demand都有“要求”的意思。

demand 的含义是“强烈要求”；如果主语是人，这个词的含义可以解释为“据权要求”；如果主语是物，这个词的含义可以解释为“需要”或“要求”。

e.g. This workdemands patience. 这种工作要求有耐心。

require 的确切含义是“对所要求的事”要绝对服从，或者说这种“要求”带有法律或规章的强迫性。

e.g. The course requires you to know English. 这门课程要求你懂英语。

注：demand和require引导的宾语从句用虚拟语气。

e.g. The university requires that students taking the coursewrite a course paper in addition to the written exam.【同族词】：requirement n. 需求, 要求, 必要条件, 需要的东西, 要求必备的条件*income n.收入，收益【构词分析】：由in-（向内）+ come（来）构成，意为“进来的东西”，即“收入”。

【常见搭配】：1. 常见动词搭配e.g. derive (draw, obtain, secure) a large income（正式）得到大笔的收入He has earned /made a big income via internet.他在网上挣得大笔收入2. 常见形容词搭配e.g. an annual (weekly, monthly, yearly) income年(一周的，月)收入a gross (total, real, net) 总(总，实际，纯)收入a large (comfortable, handsome(正式), liberal) income丰厚的收入a low (small) income低收入property income财产所得royalty income版税section n. 部分；部门；阶层；界；（文章等的）段落，章节；（条文的）款项；截面；块，片【常见搭配】：a residential (downtown, industrial) section of the city城市的住宅（商业，工业）区a(n) personnel (accounting, administration, finance, general,health, information, inspection, secretarial, statistics, supplies)of a company公司的人事（会计，管理，财物，总务，为生，情报，监察，秘书，统计，供应）科（股，处，部门）a brass (percussion, string, woodwind) section铜管（打击，弦，木管）乐器组the news (business, classified, financial, sports, travel)section of a newspaper 报纸的新闻（商务，分类广告，金融，体育，旅游）版（栏）a cross（oblique, longitudinal (vertical), horizontal）section横截(斜剖, 纵剖, 水平剖)面a section in the Food and Drugs Act食品与药物管理条例的一个条款sections 1-5 of Chapter II of your textbook课本第二章第一至五节a section of the railway铁路段a section of a fruit水果(柑橘的)瓣structure 1.n. 结构, 构造，建筑物【常见搭配】：a complicated (loose, firm, solid)structure复杂（松散，坚实）的结构a(n) deep (intermediate, surface) structure 深（中，表）层结构a single-(two-)story structure单（两）层楼建筑物a public structure公共建筑物hierarchical social structure社会等级制度inner (interior, internal) structure内部结构integral structure整体结构political structure政治体系the structure of human body 人体构造2. vt.建筑, 构成, 组织e.g. structure a teaching program 拟订教学大纲structure one’s day对一天进行安排【同族词】：structural a.结构的，建筑的policy n. 方针，政策；*保险单【常见搭配】： 1. 常见形容词搭配a broad policy大方针a cheap-money policy低利率，低息货币政策a clear (clear-cut) policy明确的政策a constructive (destructive) policy有建设性（破坏性）的政策a domestic (home) policy国内政策an embargo (exclusion, expansionary) policy 禁运（闭关，经济扩张）政策a(n) established (set) policy既定的方针a fiscal （monetary, banking, financial）policy财政（货币，金融）政策a foreign trade policy 对外贸易政策a flexible (rigid) policy灵活的，刻板的政策a give-and-take policy平等交换的政策a guiding (governing) policy指导方针a poor (bad) policy不智之举a safe (temperate) policy 稳健(温和)的政策a blanket (master)总保险单a shipment policy装运保险单an all-risk policy全险保单，综合险保单an extended policy延期保险单an honor policy信用保险单2. 常见动词搭配adhere to (continue) a policy坚持（继续）执行一方针adjust the policy调整政策adopt (apply, employ) a policy采取政策carry out (execute（正式)，implement, put into effect) a policy贯彻，执行政策endorse (approve) a policyformulate (frame)制定政策further a policy推行政策pursue (follow) a policy奉行政策revoke (reject, suspend) a policy取消（驳回，暂时取消）一项政策violate a policy违反政策issue (write up) a policy 写出保险单take a policy加入保险take out a policy on one’s life投人寿保险surrender one’s policy for cash交还保险单取得退保金注：policy常可作为名词定语, 如：policy statements政策声明policy issues政策事宜policy-holder投保人economy n.经济；节约，节省【常见搭配】：1. 常见形容词搭配a planned economy计划经济free-market economy自由市场经济the barter economy以物易物的经济close (open) economy 闭关自守（开放）的经济collective (individual, small-producer, state-owned)economy集体（个体，小生产者，国营）经济diversified economy多种经营economy of scale规模经济economy of fuel 节约燃料economy class经济舱2. 常见动词搭配plan our national economy规划我们的国民经济practice (exercise, use) economy实行节约【同族词】：economics n.经济学economic a.经济学的，经济上的economical a.节约的e.g. an economical housewife 节俭的主妇process 1. n. 过程, 作用, 方法, 程序, 步骤, 进行, 推移【习惯用法】：in (during) the process of在…过程中【常见搭配】：1.常见形容词搭配a complicated (lengthy, long) process复杂（漫长）的过程a gradual (slow) process逐步（慢慢）的过程a industrial (manufacturing, technical) process工业（制造，工艺）过程a sifting-out process筛选法basic (essential) process基本（必要）过程due process of law法定手续the weeding-out process淘汰法2.常见动词搭配accelerate (hasten, speed up) the process加快进程develop (devise, invent) a process of 研制（发明）…制作方法perfect a new process完善一种新工艺facilitate (simplify) the process简化手续2. vt. 加工, 处理e.g. process cheese加工奶酪process ore to obtain minerals加工矿石获取矿物质【同族词】：processing n.加工processor n.处理器*research n.研究, 调查【构词分析】：由re-（反复）+ search（寻找）构成。