2020高考英语全国一卷阅读理解长难句理解与分析
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2020⾼考英语全国⼀卷阅读理解长难句理解与分析
D
The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have foundpositive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown，Ohio，for example, discovered that greener areas of the cityexperienced less crime. In another，employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces weredecorated with houseplants.
The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research.
（⾸段⾸句必须正确理解，通过该句预测⽂章体裁和题材。本句为简单句,主⼲为：the connection has been the subject。“…的联系是…的话题、主题。”找到主⼲之后再关注句中定语部分，分别是两个介词短语，理解了这两个介词短语
跳过去先理解句⼦其他部分。）
翻译：⼈类和植物之间的关联，长时间以来⼀直是科学研究的主题。近期的研究已经发现了⼆者之间存在正向的效应。例如，在俄亥俄州扬斯顿市进⾏的⼀项研究就发现，在城市中那些绿化更多的地⽅，犯罪发⽣得更少。另⼀⽅⾯，当⼯作场所中装饰了室内植物时，职员们的⼯作效率被证明可以提⾼15%。The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology（MIT）have taken it a step further changing the actualcomposition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse，even unusual functions. These include plants（that havesensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals ingroundwater.＂We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,＂explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.
主⼲部分为：the engineers have taken it a step further.These include plants（that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water）（that引导的定语从句修饰plants；定语从句中⼜包含⼀个when引导的宾语从句。）and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals ingroundwater. （定语从句）
主⼲为and连接的并列句。
翻译：⿇省理⼯学院的⼯程师们更进⼀步，他们改变了植物的某些成分，以便于使它们在更多领域发挥作⽤，乃⾄于⼀些⾮同寻常的功能。这些举措包括将传感器贴在植物的叶⽚上，⽬的是得知它们什么时候缺⽔，和使⽤⼀种植物检测地下⽔中的有害化学物质。"我们正在思考，我们如何让植物代替我们⽇常⽣
活中的⼀部分功能"，⿇省理⼯学院化学⼯程系的教授Micheal Strano如是说道。
单词：engineerV-T When a vehicle, bridge, or building is engineered, it is planned and constructed using scientific methods. 设计制造[usupassive]
例：Its spaceship was engineered by Bert Rutan, renowned for designing the V oyager. 它的飞船由伯特·鲁坦设计建造，此⼈因设计“旅⾏者”号飞船⽽闻名。V-T If you engineer an event or situation, you arrange for it to happen, in a clever or indirect way. 策划
例：His family believe that his murder was engineered by a business rival. 他的家⼈认为他的死是由⼀位商业竞争对⼿⼀⼿策划的。One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow（发光）in experiments using some common vegetables. Strano’steam found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light，about one-thousandth of the amountneeded to read by，is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn treeinto self-powered street lamps.
翻译：他最近的项⽬之⼀，是使⽤⼀些普通的蔬菜，在实验中使它们发光。Strano的团队发现，这些植物可以发出微弱的光，并持续三个半⼩时。⽽植物在实验中产⽣的光，还远远不能⽤来读书，这⼀项⽬还有很长的路要⾛。Strano说，这项科技在将来某天会运⽤于室内的照明，甚⾄是将树转化成⾃供电的路灯。In the future，the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-offtreatment that would last the plant’s lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off＂switch＂where the glowwould fade when exposed to daylight.
分析：In the future，the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-offtreatment that would last the plant’s lifetime.
主⼲为the team hopes to develop a version of the technology。句中有两个that 引导的定语从句。
翻译：未来，这个团队希望开发⼀次性喷雾的技术，对叶⼦进⾏处理，使它在⽣命周期内持续地发光。⼯程师们也正在尝试开发⼀个"开关"，当植物暴露在⽇光下的时候可以使发光减弱。Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the powersource（电源）—such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost duringtransmission（传输）. Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.
翻译：照明耗电⼤约占了美国总耗电量的7%。因为照明经常距离发电的源头地很远——⽐如⼀家发电⼚到街上的路灯，就要经过⼀段遥远的距离——诸多的能源便损失在了电能传输的过程当中。发光植物可以缩短这段距离，因此得以节省能源。32. What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A. A new study of different plants.
B. A big fall in crime rates.
C. Employees from various workplaces.
D. Benefits from green plants.
33. What is thefunction of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MITengineer?
A. Todetect plants’ lack of water
B. To change compositions of plants
C. To make the life of plants longer.
D. Totest chemicals in plants.
34. What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future?
A. They will speed up energy production.
B. They maytransmit electricity to the home.
C. They might help reduce energy consumption.
D. They could take the place of power plants.
35. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. Can we grow more glowing plants?
B. How do we live with glowing plants?
C. Could glowing plants replacelamps?
D. How are glowing plants made pollution-free?
