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高考英语语法金点拨 非谓语动词

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2012高考英语语法金点拨：非谓语动词的动作同时进行；进行式所表示的动作正在进行；而完成式所表示的动作则在谓语动词的动作之前发生。

2.动词ing的一般式所表示的动作在谓语动词之前、后或同时进行要看语境；而完成式所表示的动作在谓语动词之前发生。

He came here to borrow a book. I pretended to be reading when mother came in.She is said to have been sent to Europe on business Being a student, he was interested in books.Having done his homework, he went to bed. The question being discussed is important.一．不定式和-ing形式作主语的区别1.-ing和不定式都可以作主语，-ing作主语表示一般或抽象的多次性行为，不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的将来动作。

Smoking is forbidden here．这里禁止抽烟。

(抽象) Learning a foreign language is very useful.It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。

(具体) 2.不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。

常见句型有it is adj. (of/for sb.) to do sth.It took will and patience to do anything well. It is nice of you to say so. 3..-ing在“It is no use/ no good/useless + doing”结构中作主语，it为形式主语。

It is no good writing to him; he never answers letters.写信给他不妥，他从来不回信。

It is no good crying the spilt milk.覆水难收4.. 主表对称原则Seeing is believing. To see is to believe.二．不定式和ing形式作宾语的区别1.-ing形式作宾语通常表示一般的、经常性的行为，而不定式作宾语表示特定的、具体的、一次性动作I like swimming , but I don’t like to swim today.2. 1)有些动词或短语要求只接不定式作宾语：hope/ manage/ refuse/ pretend/ plan/ offer/ decide/ agree/ fail/ afford/ happen/ would like /would love / be likely + to do2)有些动词或短语只接ing作宾语：admit 承认； excuse 原谅； practise 练习；appreciate 欣赏； finish 完成； prevent 防止； avoid 避免； forgive 宽恕；delay 耽搁； imagine 想象； keep 保留； risk 冒险； dislike 讨厌； mind 在意； miss 错过； suggest 建议； enjoy 喜欢；can’t stand 忍不住； feel like 想要；give up 放弃； put off 推迟；object to反对; look forward to期望, keep on一直, set about 着手,She finished reading the book (看完这本书）yesterday.Will you admit having broken the window? 你承认不承认打破了窗户？He put off making a decision till he had more information. 在获得详情之前，他没有急于作出决定。

Do you feel like taking a walk? 你要不要去散步？We are looking forward to coming to China. 我们期待着来中国。

Do you mind my smoking in the room？你介意我在室内吸烟吗？三．作宾补时,三者的区别1.有些动词接不定式作宾补：（和宾语有主谓关系强调动作将发生或已经完成；表一次性动作）①Tell/ order/ persuade/ invite/ force /warn/ encourage/ get/ ask + sb to doHe asked me to finish it in time. The teacher told me to clean the blackboard.②feel(一感); hear\ listen to(二听); have \ make\ let(三使)；see\ watch\ observe\ notice\ look at\ find (六看) + sb do等感官使役动词后不定式作宾补省略to,但被动以后要还原to.I heard him call me several times. I heard her sing the song many times. Tom was made to sing.2.有些动词接ing作宾补： feel(一感); hear\ listen to(二听); have \get \ leave\keep (四使)；see\ watch\ observe\ notice\ look at\ find (六看) +sb doing (强调动作主动，正在进行，或尚未完成；延续性动词)I found her listening to the radio. I heard her singing the song when I passed her room.3. 有些动词接过去分词作宾补：feel(一感); hear\ listen to(二听); make\ let \get\ have\ leave\ keep\ (六使)；see\ watch\ observe\ notice\ look at\ find (六看) +sb done（表动作被动完成，多强调状态）Speak louder so that you can make yourself heard. We found the village greatly changed.I heard the song sung in English many times.四．做表语时三者的区别1.不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。

My job is to help the patient.（说明主语具体内容） His wish is to buy a sleeping car in the near future．2 -ing形式作表语：①表示抽象的、一般性的行为。

（说明主语具体内容，主表可换位）His hobby is collecting stamps． Her job is looking after the child.②表“令人如何如何”（主语所具有的特征），如： astonishing\ exciting\ moving\ surprising\ tiring\ interesting\ amusing\ shocking\ worryingHis report is interesting. The music sounds exciting.3 V-ed：（主语所处的状态）表“让人感到如何如何”如：astonished\ excited\ moved\ surprised\ tired\ interested\ amused\ shocked\ worried\disappointed\ drunk\ frightened\ married\ confused\ pleased\ puzzled\ satisfied等The cups are broken. She is interested in the job.Cleaning women in big cities usually get paid by the hour.五．作定语时,三者的区别1.不定式作定语表未来的动作且后置，若为动宾关系，动词须为及物动词，常常修饰代词anything/something/noting，名词 chance/ opportunity等或由序数或形容词最高级修饰的名词。

You are the third one to enter the room. I have something important to say.I need a pen to write with. The question to be discussed tomorrow willbe important.2.-ing作定语①多位于其前表示其性能、用途（无时间性可换为for+doing）He has a reading room. a sleeping car（a car for sleeping）②表正在进行（主谓关系）即主动进行，可换为定语从句;a sleeping boy The girl gathering flowers is beautiful.The question being discussed now is important.3.过去分词作定语有（动宾关系，表完成）即被动完成，可换为定语从句。

a broken cup The question discussed yesterday is important.All the people invited to the meeting are VIP.(All the people who are invited to the meeting are VIP. )We can see a lot of fallen leaves on the ground.(We can see a lot of leaves which have fallen on the ground. )六. 作状语时,三者的区别1不定式作状语通常表示①原因(谓动之前) ②目的(谓动之后)(可用so as to/in order to 替换) ③结果/程度(意想不到的结果，常为only to do)We were very excited to hear the news．(原因) To get there on time I got up very early. （目的）He travelled around the world to give lectures.（目的）He rushed to school only to find there was nobody there.（结果）You are brave enough to raise objections at meeting.（程度）2-ing或过去分词作状语通常表示①原因②时间③条件④让步⑤结果⑥伴随（逗号）(主语一致性；-ing表主动，过去分词表被动)Hearing a sound ,the baby stopped crying. （原因） Given an apple, the child stopped crying. （条件）Not satisfied with the result, we decided to do the experiment again.（原因）Having lived in the country for many years, she knows how to grow vegetables.（原因）Not having received any news from home for a long time ,she is becoming more and more homesick.（原因）When/If heated, ice will be changed into water.（条件）Seen from the top of the mountain, the village looks very small.（时间）Being very small, computers are widely used.（原因）His parents died, leaving him an orphan.（结果） He cut off the electricity , preventing an accident.（结果）The teacher entered the room ,followed by some students.(伴随)The teacher entered the room, following some students.(伴随)非谓语动词特殊用法：一.下列情况用不定式：①.sth. be adj(hard\difficult\easy\heavy) to do The question is difficult to answer.②.sb. have sth. to do I have a lot of work to do.③.There be sth. to do\to be done There is nothing to talk about.④.find (think\feel\consider\make\believe)it adj to do sth⑤There is no need to do.⑥一般介词后面不可用不定式作宾语，（except, but除外）He has no choice but to lie down and sleep. She did nothing but cry. 注：不定式作结果/程度状语常见五种结构:①so….as to do 如此…以致②such…as to do如此…以致③enough(…)to do 足以④too…to do… 太…而不能⑤only to do 结果/未曾料到------做了某事二．在“have difficulty (trouble, problem, a hard time, fun, a good time) (+in) + doing； be busy (in) +doing；There is no point (in) + doing”等结构中， in常要省去。

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高考必考语法精讲精练专题十二：非谓语动词(含解析)

高考必考语法精讲精练专题十二：非谓语动词(含解析)

高考必考语法精讲精练语法专题十二：非谓语动词非谓语动词是高考必考点，《2017年一般高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法项目表中对非谓语动词列了三项：动词不定式、动名词和分词（包括现在分词和过去分词）。

动词不定式一、动词不定式的形式二、动词不定式的用法动词不定式可以充当谓语之外的全部句子成分，动词不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的改变，但有时态和语态的改变。

1．作主语（1）动词不定式作主语，一般表示详细的某次动作，谓语动词用单数形式。

例如：①To see is to believe.②To master English is of great importance.（2）不定式或不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，构成“It is + adj+for sb.+to do”结构,或It is +adj+for sth +to be done。

例如：①It is impossible for him to give up smoking.②It is not easy to find your way in the mountain.③It is difficult for the problem to be solved.④It is impossible for my question to be answered in his absence.2.作宾语（1）动词不定式作宾语时，常跟在某些及物动词后面，常见的有：agree，dare，decide，expect，help，hope，learn，manage，offer，pretend，promise，refuse，want, intend, fail, wish, choose等。

例如：①I mean to go there at once.②We must learn to tell friends from enemies.（2）不定式短语作宾语时，假如还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式短语放在宾补之后，而用it 作形式宾语。

高考英语语法填空抢分热点精选精练：非谓语动词(含高考真题)(原卷版)

高考英语语法填空抢分热点精选精练：非谓语动词(含高考真题)(原卷版)

高考语法填空抢分热点之非谓语动词养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。

做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。

一、考点精讲非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动词-ing形式（现在分词和动名词）和过去分词，是高考热点。

但学生分不清现在分词和进行时态，过去分词和被动语态，对动词不定式的运用也是模棱两可。

归根结底，学生不会分辨“谓语动词”和“非谓语动词”。

这还要从根上解决，首先要弄清楚句子种类。

句子按结构分，分为简单句、并列句和复合句。

1.简单句。

由一个谓语动词或并列的谓语动词构成的句子是简单句。

也就是说，一个简单句中只能有一个谓语动词或并列的谓语动词（省略句除外）。

谓语动词指的就是动词的时态（一般现在时、一般过去时......）和语态（一般现在时的被动语态、一般过去时的被动语态......）。

例如：（1）He leaves home for school at 6 every morning.（leaves是谓语动词）每天早上他六点钟离开家去上学。

（2）The plane takes off at 11:40 and arrives in Shanghai at 1:30.（takes off和arrives是并列的谓语动词）飞机十一点四十起飞，一点半抵达上海。

（3）The company was set up in 2012.（was set up一般过去时的被动语态，是句子的谓语动词）这家公司是2012年成立的。

2.并列句。

并列句是指由并列连词and、but、or等把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起而构成的句子。

即：简单句+并列连词+简单句。

常见的并连连词：and（和）、but（但是）、or（或者；否定句中的“和”；否则）、so（所以）。

高中英语 高考语法易错知识点8.非谓语动词(考点梳理+易错点)

高中英语 高考语法易错知识点8.非谓语动词(考点梳理+易错点)

非谓语动词知识梳理1. 非谓语动词的概念非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要包括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词），即动词的非谓语形式。

非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的其他成分。

2. 非谓语的解题方法与思路☆判断所填动词是谓语与还是非谓语判断方法：▲检查是否有连接词（引导词）。

如果用逗号隔开的两个部分都没有连接词的话，一部分是句子时，那么另一部分就一定是非句子，而非句子里的动词就是非谓语动词。

☛ Having been scolded for an hour by his teacher, the boy felt depressed.▲在“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构中，宾语补足语可能用非谓语动词。

☛ In part of Asia, you mustn't sit with your feet pointing at another person.▲在drive / leave / keep / make / have / let / get / find / hear，等使役动词或感官动词后面作宾语补足语时，也可能用非谓语动词。

☛ Having some clothes to wash, I can't join you to watch the movie.☆定语态如果本句的主语（或动词自带的逻辑主语）与它是逻辑上的主谓关系，那么答案一般用V-ing形式；如果本句的主语（或动词自带的逻辑主语）与它是逻辑上的动宾关系（被动关系），那么答案一般用V-ed形式。

☆定时态如果非谓语的动作比谓语先（或先很久）发生，那么非谓语动词要用完成式to have done/to have been done/having done/having been done；否则我们要用非谓语的一般式to do/to be done/doing/being done。

易错知识点1. 动词不定式的误用动词不定式在句中可以作主语，宾语，补语，表语，状语和定语。

高中英语非谓语动词考查重点和解题方法归纳

高中英语非谓语动词考查重点和解题方法归纳

高中英语非谓语动词考查重点和解题方法归纳非谓语动词属于英语语法的三座大山之一，无论在考试中还是平时的英语阅读中所起的作用都举足轻重。

但是，对于这么重要的语法内容，很多同学们却怎么学都学不透，要么完全不懂、做题时全靠“感觉”；要么一知半解，能跳过则跳过。

其实，只要方法正确，遇到有关非谓语动词的题目时就会迎刃而解，更令人开心的是，在平时的英语阅读中再也不需要绕道而行了！一、非谓语动词的含义非谓语动词首先是一种动词形式，其次是这种动词形式不能做谓语，综合这两点，我们将其叫做非谓语动词。

二、非谓语动词的形式非谓语动词包含四种形式，即不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。

其中，每种形式按照发生时间和主被动又包括不同的子形式。

具体如下：1、不定式①基本形式：to do（表示主动，并且一般表示将来）②被动式：to be done（表示被动，并且一般表示将来）③进行式：to be doing （表示主动和进行）④完成时：to have done（表示主动和完成）⑤完成被动式：to have been done（表示被动和完成）⑥完成进行式：to have been doing （表示主动和完成进行）例如：The teacher told us to do morning exercises .老师让我们做早操。

The car to be bought is for his sister.要买的这辆车是给他的姐姐的。

She pretended to be reading when the teacher came into the classroom.老师进来时，她假装正在读书。

The thief is said to have escaped.据说小偷已经逃跑了。

The thief is said to have been arrested.据说小偷已经被抓住了。

She is said to have been working in the factory over the last 20 years.据说在过去的20年里，她一直在这家工厂工作。