Portable Gas AnalyzerPG-250A single portable analyzer capable of measuring five components with the same methods used by permanent CEMS.A single analyzer capable of measuring five componentsThe HORI BA PG-250 is a highly reliable and versatile gas analyzer for compliance testing of NOx, SO 2, CO, CO 2, and O 2, housed in a single lightweight and fully portable case. Unlike other portable gas analyzers that rely upon electro-chemical sensors, the HORI BA PG-250 utilizes the same measurement principles as a permanently installed CEMS. These include NDIR (pneumatic) for CO and SO 2; NDIR (pyrosensor) for CO 2; Chemillumine-scence (cross flow modulation) for NOx; and Galvanic Cell for O 2 measurements.More importantly, the HOR I BA PG-250 meets or exceeds the regulatory requirements established by agencies such as the EPA in the U.S. for portable or backup continuous emission monitoring systems.Compact and lightweightThe PG-250 is capable of intermittent or continuous measurement of five compo- nents simultaneously. The compact and lightweight case, with a built-in carrying handle, is as easy to transport as a suitcase. Thus, the PG-250 is ideal for moving between several stacks at a single plant or for carrying across the country to measure clusters of stack emissions at multiple locations.Built-in sampling unitThe HORIBA PG-250 consists of a sample probe, drain separator and gas analyzer. The built-in sampling system consists of a filter, an acid mist catcher, a sampling pump, an electronic cooler for removal of water vapor, a solenoid valve for auto-draining, an NOx to NO converter and a scrubber to remove internally generated ozone from the instrument exhaust.Simple to operate, easy to readA major feature of the PG-250 is its ease of operation and large, easy-to-read front panel displays. Screens can be selected from a menu or appropriate screens and messages will appear automatically during operation.Calibration screenOthers screens and messages are:Parameter setting: To set O 2 concentration to be used to correct the measured values for NOx and SO 2 and to set the measurement arranging time. (10 or 30 s)Battery drained: Memory back up battery needs to be replaced.Purge: In process, completed Drain dischargingDisplay : Reset the number of operating days.Optional electronic coolerTo measure sample gases that contain greater than 20 by volume concentra-tions of water vapor, such as those encountered during continuous monitoring of internal gas turbins, boilers, waste incinerators incineration, etc., an optional sample gas pre-conditioning unit, called an "electronic cooler," is available. This accessory is recommended when the instrument will be sampling stack gases continuously for longer than eight hours.(Max. 3 days)Measurement screen"WARM-UP" screenConcentrations for five components, along with the sample flow rates, are indicated simultane-ously on the LCD. Raw measurements are auto-matically adjusted for oxygen concentration.ndicates the analyzers range, and zero and span calibration infor-mation for all compo-nents with calibration commands.Indicates that the power has recently been turned on. When ready, "MEASUREMENT" is displayed.(Forced mea-surement is possible in the WARM-UP mode.)ProbeBoilers GasturbinesElectricutilitiesIncineratorsRefineries()HORIBA continues contributing to the preservation of the global environment through analysis and measuring technology.Bulletin:HRE-2849GPrinted in Japan ZK-TH(SK)33●The contents of this catalog are subject to change without prior notice, and without any subsequent liability to this company.●The color of the actual products may differ from the color pictured in this catalog due to printing limitations.●It is strictly forbidden to copy the content of this catalog in part or in full.●All brand names, product names and service names in this catalog are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies. e-mail:**************.jp●HORIBA, Ltd.Head OfficeMiyanohigashi, Kisshoin Minami-ku, Kyoto, Japan Phone: 81 (75) 313-8123Fax: 81 (75) 321-5725Tokyo Sales Office 1-7-8 Higashi-KandaChiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan Phone: 81 (3) 3861-8231Fax: 81 (3) 3861-8259●HORIBA KOREA L t d .112-6 Sogong-DongChoong-ku, Seoul, Korea Phone: 82 (2) 753-7911Fax: 82 (2) 756-4972●HORIBA INSTRUMENTS I NCORPORATED Irvine Facility17671 Armstrong Avenue Irvine, CA 92614, U.S.A.Phone: 1 (949) 250-4811Fax: 1 (949) 250-0924Leichlingen FacilityJulius-kronenberg Strasse D-42799 Leichlingen GermanyPhone: 49 (2175) 8978-0Fax: 49 (2175) 8978-50●HORIBA INSTRUMENTS LIMITED Kyoto CloseSummerhouse RoadMoulton Park, Northampton NN3 6FL, U.K.Phone: 44 (1604) 542500Fax: 44 (1604) 542699●HORIBA INSTRUMENTS Pte. L TD.10 Ubi Crescent#05-11/12, Ubi Techpark Singapore 408564Phone: 65 6745-8300Fax: 65 6745-8155●HORIBA EUROPE GmbH Head Office Hans-Mess-Str.6D-61440 Oberursel/Ts.GermanyPhone: 49 (6172) 1396-0 Fax: 49 (6172) 137385●HORIBA GmbH Kaplanstrasse 5A-3430 Tulln, AustriaPhone: 43 (2272) 65225Fax: 43 (2272) 65230HORIBA CZECHIAOrganizachi slozka Praha Petrohradska 13CZ-101 00 Praha 10, Czech RepublicPhone: 420 (2) 717-464-80Fax: 420 (2) 717-470-64●HORIBA TRADING (SHANGHAI) CO., Ltd.Shanghai OfficeRoom 1701, United Plaza,1468 Nanjing Rd. West,Shanghai, 200040, ChinaPhone: 21-6289-6060Fax: 21-6289-5553Beijing Office Room 1801, Capital Tower Beijing, Tower 1 No.6Jia, Jianguomenwai Ave., Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100022 China Phone: 10-8567-9966Fax: 10-8567-9066●HORIBA FRANCE12, Avenue des Tropiques 91955 LES ULIS FrancePhone: 33 (1) 69-29-96-23Fax: 33 (1) 69-29-95-77●HORIBA India Private Limited Delhi Office 1212A, Hemkunt Tower, 98 Nehru Place,New Delhi - 110019 INDIA Phone: +91 11-4669-5001/5002 Pune Office 502, Purushottam Plaza,Baner Road, Baner, Pune - 411045 INDIAPhone: +91 20-2729-1121。
目录一、概述--------------------------------------------------------------------------1二、型号与命名-----------------------------------------------------------------1三、使用条件--------------------------------------------------------------------1四、主要性能与特性-----------------------------------------------------------1五、装置的结构与组成--------------------------------------------------------2六、全数字式微机励磁装置的主要特色------------------------------------4七、工作原理--------------------------------------------------------------------5八、直流电源系统--------------------------------------------------------------5九、保护系统--------------------------------------------------------------------6十、重点注意事项--------------------------------------------------------------6一、概述BKL-501H型微机励磁装置为中国核工业电机运行技术开发公司设计研制的高可靠、高性能励磁系统，具有93×49mm液晶汉字显示屏幕，可显示各项运行参数、控制参数与故障信息，并可实现远方数字通讯，通讯距离不小与1200m，通讯速度9600bps。
• User selectable stop on memory full or memory rollover for continuous logging• Optional NIST (National Institute of Standards & Technology) calibration availableSUPCOPART NO. DESCRIPTIONTemperature Data LoggerTemperature & Humidity Data LoggerExternal Probe Temperature Data Logger Thermocouple Temperature Data LoggerSL500XTSL500TCSL500TH SL500TGraph Point Markers Cursor Location MarkersSL500TC SpecificationsSample Point Capacity: 32,638 temperature points.Includes: Type K insulated beaded wire thermocouple 40” (1m).Other Supported Thermocouples: J, E, N, T, S, R, B, CDisplay: Current reading and time, logging status, alarm status,recorded sample history, battery level, thermocouple type.Displays temperature up to 1999°F or 1999°C.Alarms: Visual over and under temperature alarms.Display Temperature Resolution: 0.2°F (0.1°C) up to 199.9°F or °C. 1°F or 1°C above 200°F or 200°C Logged Temperature Resolution: 0.2°F (0.1°C)Thermocouple Impedance: 50 Ohms maximum for specified accuracyCold Junction Temperature Accuracy: +/- 0.5°F (0.3°C)Calibration: User single point offset calibration is available through software.Calibration is password protected.Operating Temperature: 0°F to 131°F (-18°C to 55°C)Storage Temperature: -20°F to 175°F (-30°C to 80°C)Time Accuracy: +/- 100 ppm @ 75°F (24°C)Dimensions: 2.15” x 2.25” x 1.2” (5.5cm x 5.7cm x 3.0cm)Power Source: 3-AAA batteries (Alkaline or Lithium recommended), included. Battery Life: 2-years average useSL500TC Temperature RangeTHERMOCOUPLE ACCURACY SL500TC TEMPERATURE RANGEK+/- 1.3°F (0.7°C) -418 to 2372°F (-250 to 1300°C)J+/- 1.0°F (0.6°C) -274 to 1832°F (-170 to 1000°C)E+/- 0.8°F (0.4°C) -328 to 1508°F (-200 to 820°C)N+/- 1.5°F (0.8°C) -328 to 2372°F (-200 to 1300°C)T+/- 1.3°F (0.7°C) -328 to 752°F (-200 to 400°C)S+/- 5.0°F (2.8°C) -58 to 3200°F (-50 to 1760°C)R+/- 5.0°F (2.8°C) -58 to 3200°F (-50 to 1760°C)B+/- 6.0°F (3.3°C) 68 to 3308°F (20 to 1820°C)C+/- 3.0°F (1.7°C) 32 to 4208°F (0 to 2320°C)The accuracy stated is for the SL500TC only. Inaccurate readings increase based on the thermocouplewire grade being used. The logger supported range is for stored temperature.SEALED UNIT PARTS CO., INC. PO Box 21, 2230 Landmark Place, Allenwood, NJ 08720 USA。
FeaturesHow to OrderAgency ApprovalsMilitary Grade Environmental Screening Notes:See “Guide to Operation” for full detailsNotes:Standard unit has pins out the top with 6-32 THD inserts,written as SL500SI/28-270• Input Range from 200Vdc to 400Vdc • No Derating from -55 C to +100 C • Efficiency: Up to 91%• Parallelable• Synchronizable• Power Density: Up to 87W / in�• Non-latching Overtemperature Protection • Fixed Frequency Power Conversion • Latching Output Overvoltage ProtectionSL 500 S I / 28 - C (270)SeriesTotal Output Power Single Output OptionsI - Unscreened M - Screened Output Voltage OptionsC - Thru Hole Inserts (0.140 DIA) I - Metric Inserts (M3)Input Voltage100% Environmental Screening for Military Versions Meets MIL – Standards: MIL – STD – 454 P4855 – 1A MIL – STD – 704D MIL – STD – 810E MIL – S – 901C MIL-STD- 461F with companion filter The SL500 converter is a standalone, 91% efficient COTS converter in a standard 2.4” x 4.6” x 0.52” full brick package.Protection features include overvoltage, overcurrent, overtemperature, and short circuit protection.The converter is parallelable for higher power require-ments and synchronizable for noise sensitive systems. A 300 KHz fixed switching frequency aids in filtering of EMI. The SL500 EMI filter is third party qualified and meets Mil-Std-461F for conducted emissions.All “Mil” Grade units receive the following:Stabilization Bake :+125 C for 24 hours per Mil-Std-883, M1108, Condition B Temperature Cycling :10 cycles at -55 C to +125 C (transition period 36 minutes) per Mil-Std-883, M1010, Condition B Burn-in :160 hours at +85 C min.Final TestingModel Number (Unscreened)SL500SI/28 (270)SL500SI/24 (270)SL500SI/15 (270)SL500SI/12 (270)SL500SI/5 (270)SL500SI/3.3 (270)Nominal Output(Vdc)2824151253.3Output Current(Amps)17.920.925254040/powerconversionFor additional information, call 310.542.8561ore-mail:*******************Input Characteristics - 270Vdc InputOutput CharacteristicsInput VoltageBrown Out (75%) Full Load No Load Power Dissipation Inrush Current <20µS Duration Reflected Ripple Current Logic Disable Current (Sink)Logic Disable Power In Input Ripple Rejection (120HZ)Efficiency Up ToInput Transient Per MIL-STD-704D (Operating 100ms)EMIMIN200185TYP 27027302.86091UNITS Vdc Vdc W A A rmsmA W dB %MAX 4000.52Use Companion FilterNote: Output Ripple is measured with 1µF ceramic and 22µF low ESR Tantalum CapacitorSet Point Accuracy Load Regulation Line Regulation Ripple P-P (20MHz)Trim Range Remote Sense 12V , 15V , 24V , 28V3.3V , 5VOvervoltage Protection Current Sharing Transient Response 50-75% Load (0.2A/µS)Temperature Drift Long Term Drift Current Limit Short Circuit Current Turn-on Time (Power Input)Logic Turn-on Time Switching Frequency Sync Input Voltage Sync Input Frequency Sync Input Duty Cycle Turn-on OvershootMIN90110254.533015TYP 11250.010.0215090300MAX 1±0.3±0.231100.500.25135±83/3000.030.05140755.5360550.1UNITS % Vout % Vout % Vout % Vout % Vout Vdc Vdc % Vout % Iout / at Full Load% Vout / µSSetting Time to Within 1% Vout%Vout / C %Vout / 1KHrs%Iout %Iout Hiccup TypemS FL 270V mS FL 270VKHzVp-p KHz %% Vout500VdcSpecificationsTemperature CharacteristicsMechanical CharacteristicsOperating (Baseplate)Storage (Ambient)Over Temperature Shutdown Thermal Resistance (Case to Ambient)MIN-55-55TYP +1055.71MAX +100+125+110UNITS C CC / Auto RecoveryC / WInput to Output Output to Base-plate Input to Base-plate Insulation Resistance (Measured at 50 VDC)Input to Output CapacitanceMIN1000500100050TYP 0.003MAX UNITS Vdc Vdc Vdc MohmµFWeight Size Volume Mounting (STD)ConstructionTYP7.62.4 x 4.6 x 0.5261 x 116.9 x 13.25.7494UNITS oz in mm in�cm�Threaded, #6-325 sided metal can, nickel plated cover, aluminum baseplateIsolation CharacteristicsCase drawingsCase Drawingsinch mmA 4.60116.9B 2.4061.0C .5213.2D 2.00050.80E .205.1F .205.1G .3759.53H 4.200106.68J .5012.7K .40010.20L .70017.8M 1.00025.40N 1.40035.60P.0401.02R .0802.03Standard ModelC OptionThru hole inserts (0.140 DIA)Model number written as SL500SI/28-C (270)Tolerances:Material: Mounting: 6-32 THD inserts are provided in baseplate Metric: M3 insertsInches mm x.xx = ±0.03x.xxx = ±0.015x.xx = ±0.4x.x = ±0.8Pin = Brass (Solder Plating)Baseplate = Aluminum 5050-H32Case = SteelFinish = Nickel PlatingPin placement on top of unitTOP VIEW(MARKING SURFACE)KLMNJB FHE DA12345678109P DIA ±0.005B A S E P L A T EINPUT PINSOUTPUT PINSG MINCR DIA ±0.005B A S E P L A T EG MINP DIA ±0.005CCharacteristicsCharacteristicsIX. TTL Turn OnIII. Ef ficiency vs. Input VoltageII. Efficiency vs. Output Power I. Input Voltage vs. Output PowerVI. Input Transient ResponseV. Load Transient ResponseIV. Output Voltage RippleVII. Input Inrush CurrentVIII. Input Current RippleX. TTL Turn OffXI. Turn OnXII. Turn OffO u t p u t P o w e r (%)Input Voltage VDC E f fi c i e n c y (%)E f fi c i e n c y (%)10090807017017518018540020406080100556065707580859095Output Power (%)Input Voltage VDC9492908886848280787620024028032036040050m V /d i v500m V /d i v5A /d i vTime: 2µS/divBandwidth: 20MHzV in = 270Vdc I out = 17.9A V out = 28VTime: 400µS/divV in = 270Vdc V out = 28VI out = 17.9A V out = 28V200m V /d i v100V /d i vTime: 400µS/div100V /d i v10A /d i vV in = 270Vdc I out = 17.9A V out = 28VTime: 10µS/div 2A /d i vTime: 2µS/div V in = 270Vdc I out = 17.9A V out = 28VV in = 270Vdc I out = 17.9A V out = 28VV in = 270Vdc I out = 17.9A V out = 28VV in = 270Vdc I out = 17.9A V out = 28VV in = 270Vdc I out = 17.9A V out = 28V Time: 400µS/divTime: 200µS/divTime: 20mS/divTime: 20mS/div2V /d i v5V /d i v5V /d i v5V /d i v100V /d i v5V /d i v100V /d i v10V /d i vFor example, if the DC/DC converter in Figure 1a is a50W unit (5VDC @ 10 Amps) with output load regulationspecified at 0.2%; the connection as shown will degradeload regulation by a factor of 10. In this example, the 4feet of #14 AWG wire used to connect the converteroutput to the load, has a total line resistance of 10mΩ(ignoring any contact resistance). For a 50W, 5 VDCoutput converter, the drop across the lead resistance willbe 100 mV (10A x 0.010Ω) or 2% of the output. Thus,the converter is selected for 0.2% regulation, but thepower system layout achieves only 2.2%.This can be corrected by decreasing the distancebetween the converter output and load. If that is notpossible, using larger diameter wire (see Table 1), orPCB runs that have larger cross sectional area andshorter length will also reduce conductor resistance. Theuse of the converter’s remote sense capability will alsowork (see Remote Sense for more information on thisoption).General Application NotesThe most basic use of the power converter is shown inFigure 1. An input fuse is always recommended toprotect both the source and the power supply in theevent of failures. Slow-blow fuse is recommended with acurrent rating approximately 200% of the full load inputcurrent to the converter. Having a slow-blow type fusewill allow for the converter’s inrush charge at turn-on.The sense pins of the converters must be connected totheir corresponding output bus. Inherently, powerconverters will have some internal energy loss, which isdissipated in the form of heat through an aluminummounting surface. This surface must be cooled tomaintain a temperature below the maximum operatingtemperature.Wire Gage & Distance to LoadIf the resistance of the wire, printed circuit board runs orconnectors used to connect a converter to systemcomponents is too high, excessive voltage drop will resultbetween the converter and system components, degrad-ing overall system performance.The SL family of power converters, designed as militarygrade standalone power converters, can also be used ascomponents in complex power systems. The SL Seriesutilizes a high efficiency full bridge isolated DC to DCconverter which operates at 300 KHz constant frequency.The SL units are supplied in five sided metal case tominimize radiated noise. A number of protectionfeatures, as well as electrical and thermal derating ofinternal components per NAVSO P3641A guidelines andthe use of proven topology allow for high reliabilitythroughout an operating range of -55 C to +100 C. Inapplications where even greater reliability is required, theconverter can be screened to MIL-STD-883 upon#AWG91011121314151617181920CurrentResistance(mΩ/Foot)0.7920.9981.2611.5882.0012.5243.1814.0205.0546.3868.04610.13#AWG212223242526272829303132CurrentResistance(mΩ/Foot)12.7716.2020.3025.6732.3741.0251.4465.3781.21103.7130.9162.0Table 1/powerconversionFor additional information, call 310.542.8561ore-mail:*******************General Application Notes - con’tRemote sense pins, +S and -S have been provided on the SL Series converters for applications where precise load regulation is required at a distance from where the converter is physically located. If remote sensing is NOT required, these pins MUST be tied to their repective output pins (+S to +OUT, -S to -OUT, see Figure 2). If one or more of these sense pins are not connected to their respective output pins, the output of the unit will not regulate to within specification and may cause high output voltage condition.Remote On / OffNOTE: High IR drops between the converter and load may cause converter parameters, such as output voltage accuracy, trim range, etc., to appear to be out of specification. High IR drops on input lines may cause start up problems (voltage at the input pins below the input range of the converter). Obviously, any connections made to the power distribu-tion bus present a similar problem. Poor connections (such as microcracking around solder joints) can cause serious problems such as arcing. Contact resistance must be minimized. Proper workmanship standards must be followed to insure reliable solder joints for board mount converters. Terminal strips, spade lugs and edge connectors must be free of any corrosion, dust or dirt. If parallel lines or connections are available for routingconverter output currents, they should be utilized. Remote SenseFigure 2DO NOT connect sense pins to any pin other than their respective output pins or permanent damage will occur. DO NOT connect sense pins to any load other than the same load the output pins are connected to or permanent damage may occur.Remote turn ON / OFF (TTL Pin) is an additional featureto the SL Series. This feature is especially useful inportable/mobile applications where battery powerconservation is critical. The voltage level at the TTL pinis referenced with respect to the converter’s –VIN Input.When the TTL pin is pulled to less than 1.0V with respectto the –VIN pin. Via either an open collector (see Figure3) or a mechanical switch with a 0.5mA capability, the converter shuts down. An optocoupler can also be usedIF the TTL Signals need to be referenced from the outputside. If the TTL pin is left floating the unit remains on.When multiple units are tied to a central switch com-mand, a series resistor of 200 Ohms to each TTL pin isrecommended to increase noise immunity.Figure 3 Output TrimThe output trim pin has been supplied on the SL familyto provide output voltages other than the nominal fixedvoltage. Output voltage can be increased or decreased(+10% Max, -10% Min) by simply connecting a resistorbetween the trim pin and the –Output return pin or the+Output pin respectively (see Figure 4).Figure 4Output Trim - con’tThe value of the resistors required to Trim Hi is shown in the Table 2. The external resistor is connected between the Trim Pin and the Output Return Pin at the power supply (use standard value 1% resistor closest to the table value). Trimming the output voltage too high may activate the over voltage protection circuitry. The value of resistor required to Trim Lo is shown in Table 2.The external resistor is connected between the Trim Pin and the +Output Pin at the power supply (use standard value 1% resistor closest to the table value). A potentiometer can be substituted for the resistor to achieve a more precise output voltage setting. When trimming up or down, the maximum output current and/or maximum output power cannot be exceeded.15Vout110% Vout 108% Vout 106% Vout 104% Vout 102% Vout 100% Vout 98% Vout 96% Vout 94% Vout 92% Vout 90% Vout Volts16.5016.2015.9015.6015.3015.0014.7014.4014.1013.8013.50KΩ122.9153.9205.1309.9616.8OPEN107.846.225.715.49.124VoutVolts26.4025.9225.4424.9624.4824.0023.5223.0422.5622.0821.60KΩ224.0278.6369.8554.91165OPEN103.744.724.614.48.328VoutVolts30.8030.2429.6829.1225.5628.0027.4426.8826.3225.7625.20KΩ268.6331.8435.9650.61282OPEN110.649.528.918.612.43.3Vout110% Vout 108% Vout 106% Vout 104% Vout 102% Vout 100% Vout 98% Vout 96% Vout 94% Vout 92% Vout 90% Vout Volts3.633.563.503.433.373.303.233.173.103.042.97KΩ8.3010.414.021.443.3OPEN115.357.137.527.421.45VoutVolts5.505.405.305.205.105.004.904.804.704.604.50KΩ18.324.836.158.1134.0OPEN106.948.928.418.312.212VoutVolts13.2012.9612.7212.4812.2412.0011.7611.5211.2811.0410.80KΩ92.6117.1158.1241.7504.6OPEN100.744.424.914.98.80Table 2Military SpecificationsSpecification MIL-STD-704D MIL-STD-810EMIL-S-901CConditionInput TransientVibrationHumidityTemperature/AltitudeAccelerationTemperature ShockHigh Impact ShockMethod514.4507.3520.1513.4503.3Procedure1133Test ConditionTransients up to 500V for 0.1 sec (270Vdc input)Up to 30 gs, each axis for 1 hour95% humidity, non condensing for 10 days40 hours from -55°C to +71°C14 gs each axis-55°C to + 100°C (non-operating, one hour each cycle)5 foot hammer dropSeries OperationSynchronizationThe SL500 family of power converters may be arranged in a series operating mode to supply higher outputvoltages when required (see Figure 5). In this configura-tion, D1 and D2 are added to protect against the applica-tion of a negative across the outputs of the powerconverters during power up and power down. The two (or more) units do not need to have the same output voltage, but the output current supplied in this configura-tion will be limited to the lowest maximum output current of the modules used.Synchronization of switch-mode converters to a central system clock frequency is often essential in noise sensitive systems. The SL Series can be tied to the central clock that is referenced to -OUT (see Figure 7) by inputting a square wave clock signal which has a frequency amplitude and duty cycle within specifiedlimits. The SL Series converter’s internal synchonization circuit is triggered by rising edge of this clock waveform.DO NOT add any capacitance from the SYNC pin line to Ground.Parallel OperationThe SL500 converter family has the capability of being paralleled to drive loads of higher power than a single SL500 unit can handle. The PAR pin is supplied on the unit for this function (see Figure 6). If parallel operation of two or more units is removed, the following precau-tions must be followed:• Corresponding input and output leads or traces on each unit should be as equal in length and size aspractical. The more equivalent the leads are, the closer the unit sharing.• The PAR pins of all units should be tied together.The units do not have to be synchronized for parallel operation but may be if required (see Synchronization ). Or’ing diodes may be included in the positive output leads for true N + 1 redundant systems, but are not necessary. Local sensing should be used whenever possible to minimize noise on the +S and -S pins in parallel applications.Figure 6Parallel OperationSynchronization to External ClockOutput ripple and noise (sometimes referred to as PARDor “Periodic and Random Deviations”) can be defined as unwanted variations in the output voltage of a power supply. In switching power supplies, this output noise is seen as a series of pulses with a high frequency content and is therefore measured as a peak value (i.e., speci-fied as “peak-to-peak”).Ripple & NoiseRipple & Noise - con’tElectro Magnetic Filter (EMI) - SLF500The SL Series of power supplies are specified and tested in our factory with a 20 MHz bandwidth oscillo-scope / probe. Measurements taken by a scope set at higher frequencies (i.e. 300 MHz) may produce signifi-cantly different results due to noise coupling on to the probe from sources other than the power supply. Noise that is common to all output leads of a power converter with repect to the chassis is refered to as common mode noise. Noise that is apparent on one output lead with respect to the other output lead is referred to as differential mode noise. Common mode noise is produced in switching action. Martek Power, a brand of Cooper Bussmann, typically minimizes the level of output common mode noise by incorporating line to chassis ground capacitors (on input and output leads) into the power converters. In most cases, this issufficient to minimize the level of common mode noise. However, if further attenuation is required, additional line to chassis ground capacitance may be added by the customer at the system level. Martek Power noisespecifications (output ripple specifications) all reference the level of differential mode noise at a given bandwidth, not the level of common mode noise. The measurement of differential mode noise is detailed in the following paragraphs.Measurement TechniquesThe length of all measurement leads (especially the ground lead) should be minimized and the sense pins should be tied to their respective outputs (+SENSE to +OUTPUT, - SENSE to - OUTPUT). One inch or less from the output terminals, place a ceramic capacitor of 1µF and a 22µF low ESR Tantalum capacitor. Using an X1 scope probe with a 20 MHz bandwidth, we recom-mend measurement close to the capacitors. We do not recommend using the probe ground clip. Instead,replace it with connecting a short bus wire (generally 0.5 inches or less, making a loop at the end to place the probe in) to the negative and positive outputs on the backside of the connector. Place the tip of the probe on the +OUTPUT, and the ground ring (or ground band) on the -OUTPUT for a true ripple measurement (see Figure 8). Utilizing the probe ground ring (as opposed to a ground clip) will minimize the chance of noise coupling from sources other than the power supply.Figure 8Sense Tied Local+ SENSE + OUTPUT1” max.- SENSE- OUTPUT 1µF 22µFRipple and Noise Test Set-UpMaximum Allowable CapacitanceOutput Voltage3.3V 5V 12V 15V 24V 28VMax Capacitance15,000µF 15,000µF 5,000µF 5,000µF 3,000µF 3,000µFFor applications where electromagnetic interference is a concern, the SLF500, a passive input line filter may be installed at the input of the SL Series converters (see Figure 9). If output power greater than 500 watts are required, multiple SLF500 units will be necessary. For more details, consult the factory.Figure 9Table 3Ripple Reduction TechniquesIn applications where the output ripple of the converter is higher than desired, various techniques can beemployed to reduce output ripple and noise (PARD). One method is to add additional capacitance in parallel with the output leads of the converter (low ESR type tantalums or ceramic are recommended). This should substantially reduce PARD. See Table 3 for maximum allowable capacitance that may be added to the output leads.SLF500 SchematicSL500 Block DiagramINPUTVDCOUTPUTTTL ON/OFF/powerconversionEaton is a registered trademark. All other trademarks are property of their respective owners.Eaton1000 Eaton Boulevard Cleveland, OH 44122 United States © 2017 EatonAll Rights Reserved Printed in USA March 2017ore-mail:*******************。
