2010年12月号美文

杂志选读：《散文百家》2010年第11期三更有梦书当枕已经忘记有多少次，薄薄的书页伴随着翩翩而来的月光一页页翻落，夜凉如水，直到那轮或皎洁晶莹、或朦胧似雾的月亮缓缓西行，我依然充满渴望地沉醉在阅读中。

眼睛眷顾着书页，心灵坠入文字营造的梦境。

真正的好书，不是用键盘机械地“嗒嗒”敲击出来的汉字符号，流浪在蜘蛛网般无所不至、无所不及的网络间；也不是内容浅薄、思想错乱的一沓沓纸张，堆积在喧嚣的流行音乐里，任凭束之高阁、落满尘埃。

灯红酒绿的商业气息已经像虫豸一样在不知不觉地侵蚀着文化的绿叶嫩芽，甚至以盛气凌人之势盘踞了相当多的书籍的内容空间。

对书籍文化的担忧，有时候就像撩人的风掀动着我渴望宁静的心。

我以为那种所谓的“书”还是不读的好，否则，你会惊觉本应纯洁的世界上怎么还有如此乌合之众，以至于失去人生三味。

真正的好书，我是喜欢有月明人寂之时独自慢慢品读的。

没有尖锐的追逐，没有体力的透支，穿梭在细致文字中的思维会渐渐缜密起来、温柔起来。

“豪端蕴秀临霜写，口齿噙香对月吟”，秋心如诉，纤若黛玉，展卷逐章，品字读心。

不需寻章摘句，那些睿智的字眼便会自己跳进你的眼睛。

思维与文字不时地轻轻撞击也会酿成琼浆玉液，化作灵魂的精髓，汩汩流淌遍了全身的血液。

古人是有着很强的读书癖好的，正所谓“耕读传家久，诗书继世长”，那饱满精湛的横竖撇点捺延伸的，就是一代代文人墨客长长的生命线。

且不说“朝闻道，夕可死矣”的孔夫子，且不说“读书破万卷，下笔如有神”的杜工部，古代就是稍有根基的家庭也有着崇尚读书的习俗。

清代扬美古镇的公子举人杜元春，就在日夜攻读中成就了自己的一生，继承了家族的伟业。

当时的人曾称赞他“冲襟宏远，朗与秋月齐名，姿度雍容，和若春云等润，浩浩焉，汪汪焉，澄之不清，挠之不浊，已故英明斐乎士林，德意孚乎乡邑，所谓得天下之事，与道大适者……”他的父亲一度也是满腹诗书的学者，在家业每况愈下的时候，毅然放弃自己毕生的追求，挣钱支撑家业，对儿子的读书严加要求，寄予重望。

2010年全国高考优秀作文荟萃(3)写作佳苑2010-06-25 06222010年全国高考优秀作文荟萃(3)2010年高考江苏满分作文绿色生活轻挥手中的画笔，点点颜料轻显纸上，道道绿痕尽现眼前。

是的，我要用手中的画笔，描画绿色生活……山水·淡绿青山巍巍，碧水悠悠。

嗯，我的画中，青山绿水怎可缺少？山之绿，该是淡绿，惟此才有“齐鲁青未了”的连绵；水之绿，亦是淡绿，惟此才有“白毛浮绿水”的谐趣。

远望，青山巍巍，浮云轻飘，静绕山间；近观，碧水悠悠，鱼虾匆过，游戏水中。

青山抱碧水，碧水倚青山，山水相交，青碧相融。

好一幅山青水碧的自然之画，好一派淡绿色的生活。

小草·翠绿冬寒已过，春暖始来，大地回暖，万物复苏。

脚下，静埋于黑土之下一冬的小草，如今已悄然蹿出头来。

沐浴春风，畅饮春雨。

呵，我怎能把小草忘记！草儿的颜色……“野火烧不尽，春风吹又生”。

啊，只有那一抹翠绿，才配得上这生机盎然的小草。

任你寒风凛冽，小草不畏，任你万人踏过，小草无惧，任你野火焚烧，小草依旧……思索间，笔动间，一丛丛生命顽强的绿草已映满眼帘。

啊，好一幅青草丛生的生命之画，好一派翠绿色的生活！人家·浓绿有山，有水，有草，还少些什么？对，是人家。

这次用浓绿，蘸些颜料，随意几笔，绿房、绿窗、绿门，当然，还有浓绿色的人。

或许是“悠然见南山”的陶潜，或许是“空山鸟语，弹琴长啸”的王维，抑或是“梅妻鹤子”的林和清……归隐山林，远离俗世，一块田地，一支锄头，一方小苗，陶冶于田园，寄情于山水，没有官场的污染，没有世俗的喧闹，也没有功名的侵扰和利禄的熏烦。

心中惟有这清秀的山水，惟有这恬淡的画面，惟有一颗宁静悠然的心。

啊，好一幅乡村人家的悠然之画，好一派浓绿色的生活！……桌前，我静静洗着画笔，细细望着这满是绿色的画，心中不由一阵欣然青山碧水，那是自然之绿；翠草丛生，那是生命之绿；人影悠然，那是生活之绿。

淡绿、翠绿、浓绿，颜色渐深，心情却渐淡……对了，这幅画就叫作“绿色生活”。

1 大雪祝福短信 1、大雪时节，防寒保暖；晨喝热粥，梳理脾胃；搓搓手心，血液循环；按摩鼻翼，病菌不染；午晒太阳，浑身舒坦；茯苓大枣，温补当先；远离暖壶，调养自然。 2、雪花落入掌心，融化思念，释放温情，雪花落入大地，存储牵挂，诠释纯洁，大雪节气，那片片的雪花，化作我层层的祝福，愿你大雪快乐，幸福围绕。 3、大雪到，养生忙，多温热，少寒凉，牛羊肉，煲靓汤，银耳羹，润肺方，山药粥，补肾强，常通风，精神爽，早睡觉，背保暖，晒太阳，抑郁光，情意浓，暖心房，关怀送，愿安康！ 4、群叶飘落，饱含着枝根相连的情谊，大雪飞舞，托付了天地一体的亲密，新年将到，象征着春冬更替的欢喜，短信送出，浓缩着岁岁年年的惦记！ 5、梅有铮铮傲骨，兰有幽芳高雅，竹有坚毅挺拔，菊有坚贞高洁，风有变幻多端，霜有满天豪情，雨有缠绵朦胧，雪有晶莹剔透。大雪时节，愿你人生风景依旧！ 6、白茫茫天与地相接，北风吹着树挂摇曳。漫天的雪花像白色的蝴蝶，那么寂静，那么纯洁。大雪到，天空下起了雪，愿你与烦恼告别，将忧愁忘却，愿你快乐无边。 7、在雪花飞舞的冬天里，我看到了你火热的**，听到了你欢快的歌声，嗅到了你幸福的馨香，愿你伴着雪花的晶莹，盛开心头最美丽的花朵，绚烂这个季节，缤纷你的心情，大雪快乐。 8、雪花的菱角是时间的触角，总有许多是难以磨掉，朋友的相识是你我的相知，总有许多真挚难以编制，大雪季节，用心有灵犀发送我的祝福信息，愿你快乐。 9、大雪进补好时节，秘诀给你道一道，防寒保暖护头脚，白天通风精神妙，枸杞肉丝补肾气，木耳冬瓜除烦腻，闲时常饮红枣茶，补血益气面桃花，温馨关怀已送到，愿你安康快乐绕！ 10、小雪大雪雪满天，来年必定是丰年。大雪小雪北风多，保护牲畜过好冬。小雪节气雪茫茫，温馨家园幸福满。一日小雪十日粮，祝你健康体越强！ 11、雪花轻轻洒，祝福时时发，短信传心意，思念在心里，大雪节气到，增 2

衣防感冒，养生有绝招，睡前要洗脚，三餐规律好，放松心情笑，愿你健康人更俏，寿比南山高。 12、烦躁的心，请丝丝的清凉安抚；拼搏的尘，用圣洁的纯白洗刷；牵挂的你，把美丽的冬景点缀。在这大雪时节里，让温馨提示相伴：“凉爽”请勿过度，“御寒保暖”为主哦！ 13、雪花开了，一朵朵，醉了庭院，暖了心扉；雪花笑了，一片片，美了双眸，融了天空。亲爱的朋友，愿这美丽的雪花带给你无尽的幸福和欢悦，留给你无尽的浪漫和惬意，大雪快乐。 14、北风吹在脸上，雪花飘在身上，寒霜凝在眼上，浓雾湿在脚上，短信发到手机上，问候暖在心田上，好运送到工作上，薪资涨到无限上。大雪节气，愿你快乐！ 15、带着雪花的温馨入驻你的心田，采集雪花的浪漫融入你的爱情，凝聚雪花的唯美送到你身边，编织真挚的祝福温暖你身心。大雪时节，愿你的心情像雪一样美丽。 拥抱情人节祝福短信 1、深情牵挂着彼此，真爱温暖着彼此，关心幸福着彼此，相伴快乐着彼此，生活梦想因为彼此，拥抱温馨了彼此，拥抱情人节，拥抱一下彼此，让爱情不分彼此。 2、没有春夏秋冬，没有百万光年，所有星星燃烧我们双手之间，地球变做小小的，爱情花园，一起拥抱，一起缠绵。12月14拥抱情人节，爱你到永远！ 3、拥抱吧哥们，亲吻吧姐们。让青春焕发光彩，让**燃烧绽放。让爱情融化四溢，让你我永久拥抱。拥抱情人节：愿朋友敞开情怀，接受拥抱吧！ 4、我要紧紧抱着你，把你融入心间，为你挡风御寒，给你快乐温暖，让你绽放笑颜。12、14拥抱情人节，只想告诉你，亲爱的，抱着你，就是抱着幸福。 5、拥抱，融化一切误解，拥抱，诠释一份深情，拥抱，体味一份真诚，拥抱，给你莫大支持，拥抱情人节，来个拥抱吧，朋友，愿这个拥抱，化解一切的烦愁，拥抱情人节快乐！ 6、拥抱情人节，拥抱献给情人，愿生活开心，祝福送给情人，愿真情关心，幸福送给情人，愿万事顺心，温暖献给情人，愿如意称心，愿你爱情甜蜜，天天 3

2010年12月新东方六级作文模板(10)[导读]为了帮助广大考生快速轻松的记忆词汇，老师四六级考试整理了以下“新东方六级作文模板”资料，供考生复习。

2010年12月新东方六级作文模板(10)引出不同观点:People’s views on… vary from person to person. Some hold that… . However, others believe that….人们对…的观点因人而异.有些人认为….. 然而其他人却认为．．．People may have different opinions on…人们对…可能会有不同的见解.Attitudes towards (drugs) vary from person to person.人们对待吸毒的态度因人而异.There are different opinions among people as to…关于…. 人们的观点大不相同.Different people hold different attitudes toward (failure). 对(失败)人们的态度各不相同.提出建议:It is high time that we put an end to the (trend).该是我们停止这一趋势的时候了.It is time to take the advice of … and to put special emphasis on the improvement of …该是采纳…的建议,并对…的进展给予特殊重视的时候了.There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of …毫无疑问,对…问题应予以足够的重视.Obviously,…. If we want to do something… , it is essential that…显然,如果我们想做某事,很重要的是…Only in this way can we… 只有这样,我们才能…It must be realized that… 我们必须意识到…预示后果:Obviously, i f we don’t control the problem, the chances are that… will lead us in danger. 很明显,如果我们不能控制这一问题,很有可能我们会陷入危险.No doubt, unless we take effective measures, it is very likely that…毫无疑问,除非我们采取有效措施,很可能会…It is urgent that immediate measures should be taken to stop the situation.很紧迫的是,应立即采取措施阻止这一事态的发展.。

Section A短对话（11~18）11W: This is one of our best and least expensive two-bedroom listings. It’s located in a quiet building and it’s close to bus lines.M: That maybe true. But look at it, it’s awful, the paint has peeled off and carpet is worn and the stove is ancient.Q: What can we infer from the conversation?12M: The pictures we took at the botanical garden should be ready tomorrow.W: I can’t wait to see them, I’m wond ering if the shots I took are as good as I thought.Q: What is the woman eager to know?13W: The handle of the suitcase is broken. Can you have it fixed by next Tuesday?M: Let me see, I need to find a handle that matches but that shouldn’t take too long.Q: What does the man mean?14M: This truck looks like what I need but I’m worried about maintenance. For us it’ll have to operate for long periods of time in very cold temperatures.W: We have several models that are especially adaptive for extreme conditions. Would you like to see them?Q: What do we learn about the man from the conversation?15M: I think your boss would be very upset when he gets your letter of resignation.W: That may be so. But in the letter, I just told him frankly I could no longer live with his poor management and stupid decisions.Q: What do we learn about the woman?16W I’d like to exchange the shirt. I’ve learned that the person bought it for allergic to wool.M Maybe we can find something in cotton or silk. Please come this way.Q；What does the women want to do？17M: Excuse me, Miss？Did anyone happen to turn in a new handbag? You know, it’s a birthday gift for my wife.W: Let me see. Oh, we’ve got quite a lot of women’s bags here. Can you give me more detailed information, such as the color, the size and the trademark?Q: Where does this conversation most probably take place?18M What are you going to do with the old house you are in heritage from your grandfather?W I once intended to sell it, but now, I’m thinking of turning it into a guest house, because it's still a solid structure.Q: What does the man plan to do with his old house?长对话（19~25）W: When you write a novel, do you know where you’re going, Dr. James?M: Yes, you must, really, if you’re writing the classical detective story, because it must be so carefully plotted and so carefully clued. I have schemes. I have charts. I have diagrams. It doesn’t mean to say that I always get it right, but I do plan before I begin writing. But what is so fascinating is how a book changes during the process of writing. It seems to me that creative writing is a process of revelation, really, rather than of creativity in the ordinary sense.W: When you’re planning the basic structure, do you like to go away to be sure that you’re by yourself?M: I need to be by myself certainly, absolutely. I can’t even bare anybody else in the house. I don’t mind much where I am as long as I’ve got enough space to write, but I need to be completely alone.W: Is that very important to you?M: Oh, yes. I’ve never been lonely in all my life.W: How extraordinary! Never?M: No, never.W: You’re very lucky. Someone once said that there’s a bit of ice at the heart of every writer.M: Yes. I think this is true. The writer can stand aside from experience and look at it, watch it happening. There is this ‘detachment’ and I realize that there are obviously experiences which would overwhelm everyone. But very often, a writer can appear to stand aside, and this detachment ma kes people feel there’s a bit of ice in the heart.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. What is the key to write a good classical detective story according to the man?20. What does the man mainly need when working on a book?21. What does the man say about writers?W: There is an element there about competition then, isn’t there? Because British railways are a nationalized industry. There’s only one railway system in the country. If you don’t like a particular kind of big beans, you can go and buy another. But if you don't like a particular railway, you can’t go and use another.M: Some people who write to me say this. They say that if you didn’t have monopoly, you wouldn’t be able to do the things you do. Well, I don’t think we do anything deliberately to upset our customers. We have particular problems. Since 1946, when the Transport Act came in, we were nationalized.W: Do you think that’s a good thing? Has it been a good thing for the railways, do you think, to be nationalized?M: Oh I think so, yes. Because in general, modes of transport are all around. Let’s face the fact. The car arrived. The car is here to stay. There is no question about that.W: So what are you saying then? Is it if the railways happen being nationalized, they would simply have disappeared?M: Oh, I think they would have. They’re disappearing fast in America. Er, the French railways lose 1 billion ponds a year. The German railways, 2 billion ponds a year. But you see, those governments are preparing to pour money into the transport system to keep it going.W: So in a sense, you cope between two extremes. On the one hand, you’re trying not to lose too much money. And on the other hand, you’ve got to provide the best service.M: Yes, you are right.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22. What does the woman say about British railways?23. What do some people who write to the man complain about?24. What does the man say threatens the existence of railways?25. What does the man say about railways in other countries?Section BPassage OneAmong global warming’s most frightening threats is the prediction is that the polar ice-caps will melt, raising sea level so much that coastal cities from New York to Los Angles to Shanghai will be flooded. Scientists agree that key player in this scenario is the West Antarctic ice sheet, a Brazil-size mass of frozen water that is much as 7000 feet thick. Unlike floating ice shelves which have little impact on sea level when they break up, the ice sheet is anchored to bedrock will blow the sea surface. Surrounded by open ocean, it is also vulnerable, but Antarctic experts disagree strongly on just how unstable it is. Now, new evidence reveals that all or most of the Antarctic ice sheet collapsed at least once during the past 1.3 million years, a period when global temperatures probably were not significantly higher than they are today. And the ice sheet was assumed to have been stable. In geological time, a million years is recent history. The proof, which was published last week in Science, comes from a team of scientists from Uppsala University in Sweden and California Institute of Technology who drew deep holes near the edge of ice sheet. Within samples collected from the solid substances lying beneath the ice. They found fossils of microscopic marine plants which suggest that the region was once open ocean not solid ice. As Herman Engleheart, a co-author from the California Institute of Technology says, ‘the West Antarctic ice sheet disappear once and can disappear again.’26. What is one of the most frightening threats of global warming according to the passage?27. What did scientists disagree on?28. What is the latest information revealed about the West Antarctic ice sheet?29. What the scientists’ latest findings suggest?Passage TwoIt's always fun to write about research that you can actually try out for yourself.Try this: Take a photo and upload it to Facebook, then after a day or so, note what the URL link to the picture is and then delete it. Come back a month later and see if the link works. Chances are: It will.Facebook isn't alone here. Researchers at Cambridge University have found that nearly half of the social networking sites don't immediately delete pictures when a user requests they be removed. In general, photo-centric websites like Flickr were found to be better at quickly removing deleted photos upon request.Why do "deleted" photos stick around so long? The problem relates to the way data is stored on large websites: While your personal computer only keeps one copy of a file, large-scale services like Facebook rely on what are called content delivery networks to manage data and distribution. It's a complex system wherein data is copied to multiple intermediate devices, usually to speed up access to files when millions of people are trying to access the service at the same time. But because changes aren't reflected across the content delivery networks immediately, ghost copies of files tend to linger for days or weeks.In the case of Facebook, the company says data may hang around until the URL in question is reused, which is usually "after a short period of time", though obviously that time can vary considerably.30. What does the speaker ask us to try out?31. What accounts for the failure of some websites to remove photos immediately?32. When will the unwanted data eventually disappear from Facebook according to the company?Passage ThreeEnjoying an iced coffee? Better skip dinner or hit the gym afterwards, with a cancer charity warning that some iced coffees contain as many calories as a hot dinner.The World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) conducted a survey of iced coffees sold by some popular chains in Britain including Starbucks, Caffe Nero and Costa Coffee to gauge the calories as studies increasingly link obesity with cancer.The worst offender - a coffee from Starbucks -- had 561 calories. Other iced coffees contained more than 450 calories and the majority had an excess of 200.Health experts advise that the average woman should consume about 2,000 calories a day and a man about 2,500 calories to maintain a healthy weight. Dieters aim for 1,000 to 1,500 calories a day."The fact that there is an iced coffee on the market with over a quarter of a woman's daily calories allowance is alarming," Dr Rachel Thompson, science programme manager at London-based WCRF, said in a widely-reported statement."This is the amount of calories you might expect to have in an evening meal, not in a drink."The WCRF has estimated that 19,000 cancers a year in Britain could be prevented if people lost their excess weight with growing evidence that excess body fat increases the risk of various cancers."If you are having these types of coffee regularly then they will increase the chances of you becoming overweight, which in turn increases your risk of developing cancer, as well as other diseases such as heart disease." she added.33. What warning did some health experts give?34. What does the author suggest people do after they have an iced coffee?35. What could British people expect if they maintain a normal body weight according to the WCRF?Section CPsychologists are finding that hope plays a surprisingly vital role in giving people a measurable advantage in rounds as diverse as academic achievement, bearing up in tough jobs, and coping with tragic illness. And, by contrast, the loss of hope, is turning out to be a stronger sign that a person may commit suicide than other factors long thought to be more likely risks. ‘Hope has proven a powerful predictor of outcome in every study we've done so far,’ said Doctor Charles R. Snyder, a psychologist, who has devised a scale to assess how much hope a person has. For example, in research with 3920 college students, Doctor Snyder and his colleagues found that the level of hope among freshmen at the beginning of their first semester was a more accurate predictor of their college grades, than were their SAT scores or their grade point averages in high school, the two measures most commonly used to predict college performance. ‘Students withhigh hope set themselves higher goals and know how to work to attain them,’Doctor Snyder said. ‘When you compare students of equivalent intelligence and past a cademic achievements, what sets them apart is hope.’ In devising a way to assess hope scientifically, Doctor Snyder went beyond the simple notion that hope is merely the sense that everything will turn out all right. ‘That notion is not concrete enough and it blurs two key components of hope,’ Doctor Snyder said, ‘Having hope means believing you have both the will and the way to accomplish your goals, whatever they may be.’Listening Comprehension11. What can we infer from the conversation?【答案】A The man is the manager of the apartment building12. What is the woman eager to know?【答案】B How the pictures will turn out.13. What does the man mean?【答案】C The suitcase can be fixed in time.14. What do we learn about the man from the conversation?【答案】B He needs a vehicle to be used in harsh weather.15. What do we learn about the woman?【答案】A She has made up her mind to resign.16. What does the women want to do？【答案】D Replace the shirt with one of some other material.17. Where does this conversation most probably take place?【答案】D At a “Lost and Found”18. What does the man plan to do with his old house?【答案】C Convert in into a hotel19. What is the key to write a good classical detective story according to the man? 【答案】D Careful plotting and clueing.20. What does the man mainly need when working on a book?【答案】D To be entirely alone.21. What does the man say about writers?【答案】C They look at the world in a detached manner.22. What does the woman say about British railways?【答案】B Like it or not, you have to use them.23. What do some people who write to the man complain about?【答案】D The monopoly of British Railways.24. What does the man say threatens the existence of railways?【答案】B Competition from other modes of transport.25. What does the man say about railways in other countries?【答案】D They lose a lot of money.Section BPassage One26. What is one of the most frightening threats of global warming according to the passage? 【解析】C) Many coastal cities will be covered with water.27. What do scientists disagree on?【解析】B) How unstable the West Antarctic ice sheet is.28. What is the latest information revealed about the West Antarctic ice sheet?【解析】A）It collapsed at least once during the past 1.3 million years.29. What the scientists’latest findings suggest?【解析】A) The West Antarctic region was once a open ocean.Passage Two30 B）Whether a deleted photo is immediately removed from the web.31 B) The way they store data.32 C) When the URL is reused.Passage Three33. A34. B35. CSection C36. diverse37. tragic38. commit39. outcome40. scale41. colleagues42. accurate43. averages45. Students with high hope set themselves higher goals and know how to work to attain them,46. went beyond the simple notion that hope is merely the sense that everything will turn out all right.47. Having hope means believing you have both the will and the way to accomplish your goals, whatever they may be.。

29 TelecommutingTelecommuting-- substituting the computer for the trip to the job ----has been hailed as a solution to all kinds of problems related to office work.For workers it promises freedom from the office, less time wasted in traffic, and help with child-care conflicts. For management, telecommuting helps keep high performers on board, minimizes tardiness and absenteeism by eliminating commutes, allows periods of solitude for high-concentration tasks, and provides scheduling flexibility. In some areas, such as Southern California and Seattle, Washington, local governments are encouraging companies to start telecommuting programs in order to reduce rush-hour congestion and improve air quality.But these benefits do not come easily. Making a telecommuting program work requires careful planning and an understanding of the differences between telecommuting realities and popular images.Many workers are seduced by rosy illusions of life as a telecommuter. A computer programmer from New York City moves to the tranquil Adirondack Mountains and stays in contact with her office via computer. A manager comes in to his office three days a week and works at home the other two. An accountant stays home to care for her sick child; she hooks up her telephone modern connections and does office work between calls to the doctor.These are powerful images, but they are a limited reflection of reality. Telecommuting workers soon learn that it is almost impossible to concentrate on work and care for a young child at the same time. Before a certain age, young children cannot recognize, much less respect, the necessary boundaries between work and family. Additional child support is necessary if the parent is to get any work done.Management too must separate the myth from the reality. Although the media has paid a great deal of attention to telecommuting in most cases it is the employee¨s situation, not the availability of technology that precipitates a telecommuting arrangement.That is partly why, despite the widespread press coverage, the number of companies with work-at-home programs or policy guidelines remains small.30 The origin of RefrigeratorsBy the mid-nineteenth century, the term ＾icebox￣ had entered the American language, but ice was still only beginning to affect the diet of ordinary citizens in the United States. The ice trade grew with the growth of cities. Ice was used in hotels, taverns, and hospitals, and by some forward-looking city dealers in fresh meat, fresh fish, and butter. After the Civil War( 1861-1865),as ice was used to refrigerate freight cars, it also came into household use. Even before 1880,half of the ice sold in New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, and one-third of that sold in Boston and Chicago, went to families for their own use. This had become possible because a new household convenience, the icebox, a precursor of the modern refrigerator, had been invented.Making an efficient icebox was not as easy as we might now suppose. In the early nineteenth century, the knowledge of the physics of heat, which was essential to a science of refrigeration, was rudimentary. The commonsense notion that the best icebox was one that prevented the ice from melting was of course mistaken, for it was the melting of the ice that performed the cooling. Nevertheless, early efforts to economize ice included wrapping up the ice in blankets, which kept the ice from doing its job. Not until near the end of the nineteenth century did inventors achieve the delicate balance of insulation and circulation needed for an efficient icebox.But as early as 1803, and ingenious Maryland farmer, Thomas Moore, had been on the right track. He owned a farm about twenty miles outside the city of Washington, for which the village of Georgetown was the market center. When he used an icebox of his own design to transport his butter to market, he found that customers would pass up the rapidly melting stuff in the tubs of his competitors to pay a premium price for his butter, still fresh and hard in neat, one-pound bricks. One advantage of his icebox, Moore explained, was that farmers would no longer have to travel to market at night in order to keep their produce cool.。

中考满分作文必备12月的素材【79】1、十二月，当冬雪纷飞时，这山坳、里显得格外幽静，到处是白茫茫的一片，大雪把山间装饰成晶莹的世界，使山河更加壮丽多姿。

2、十二月，天空中下起来鹅毛大雪，到处是一片白色，唯有松树还是那样鲜绿，点点雪片飘落在上面，好像是朵朵白花。

3、最好不相见，如此便可不相恋;最好不相知，如此便可不相思;最好不相伴，如此便可不相欠;最好不相惜，如此便可不相忆;最好不相爱，如此便可不相弃;最好不相对，如此便可不相会;最好不相误，如此便可不相负;最好不相许，如此便可不相续;最好不相依，如此便可不相偎;最好不相遇，如此便可不相聚。

这就是所谓的相见不如思念么?4、十二月，凛冽的寒风卷着鹅毛大雪铺天盖地而来，顿时，长白山银装素裹，满头皆白。

十二月，万物都在沉睡着，正等着被唤醒！这个冬天蛰伏着一年的希望，蕴蓄着一年的心血，十二月，这一年最后的一个月，这个冬天让我觉得充满信心。

沉睡在泥土里的生命5、傍晚，天空中布满了铅色的阴云，黑沉沉阴森森的。

忽然，我发现下雪了。

你瞧，那空中飘舞的小精灵，身轻似烟，洁白如玉，盘旋地，欢快地降临到这个世界中。

片刻，雪大了，纷纷扬扬，飘飘洒洒。

6、十二月，天空中下起来鹅毛大雪，到处是一片白色，唯有松树还是那样鲜绿，点点雪片飘落在上面，好像是朵朵白花。

7、十二月，凛冽的寒风卷着鹅毛大雪铺天盖地而来，顿时，长白山银装素裹，满头皆白。

8、雪仍然在下着，只见雪花纷纷扬扬地从空中飘落下来。

雪花落在树姑娘身上，树姑娘好像披上了洁白的婚纱;雪花落在房子上，房子好像戴上了一顶白色的大帽子;雪花落在马路上，马路就像一条条白色的围巾;雪花落满了整个大地，大地就像盖上了一层厚厚的棉被。

9、在十二月的坐标里，没有小溪的弹琴；没有蜂蝶的舞蹈；没有百鸟的欢唱；没有杨树的鼓掌……十二月让花儿卸去彩容，让叶儿脱掉了绿衣，让树木在风中嶙峋抖动，让天空彰显出了寂寥和高远，让大地袒露出了真诚和安详，让我们感受到了“千山鸟飞绝，万径人终灭”的沉寂。

【美文悦读】十二月份第1期二部高一语文组编制散文《那年花开》：鉴赏点评• 阅读训练那年花开文▏钱海燕【题目一语双关，表层含义是“初三那年夏天栀子花开放”，深层含义是“初三那年在老师的鼓励下，我重拾了信心，作品发表，获得了成功”】①夏季，是栀子花盛开的季节。

那纯洁的花瓣，幻化成一张张灿烂的笑脸，那弥散在空气中的花香，凝聚成记忆中的欢声笑语。

那些深藏在记忆深处的想念，便随着这清新的栀子花香弥漫开来。

【写景开篇，奠定感情基调，引出主体事件；与结尾呼应】②初三那年，我对写小说特别感兴趣，经常把自己写的小说拿给班里的好朋友看，他们都夸我写得好。

我高兴极了，写得更起劲。

有次上课的时候，一位同学偷偷看我写的小说，被老师抓个正着，于是我被请进了老师的办公室。

③“这么闲啊？”班主任徐老师拿着我写的小说，摇晃着举到我面前。

【语言、行为描写，“摇晃着举到我面前”很有画面感，好多老师这样做过哦】④“老师，我写小说没有占用课堂时间，都是在作业做完了以后再写的⋯⋯”我吞吞吐吐地说。

【“吞吞吐吐”写出“我”害怕老师批评的紧张、不安心理】⑥“老师，我保证以后再也不写了，您别生气。

”我小心翼翼地说。

⑦徐老师坐到椅子上，把小说从头看到尾，时而眉头舒展，时而嘴角含笑，一直没有再说话。

【动作与神态描写，表现徐老师看“我”小说时的专注和耐心，以及对“我” 写的小说的欣赏和认可】墙上的钟“嘀嗒嘀嗒”地走着，仿佛在敲打着我的心，我紧张得快要窒息了。

【以动写静，渲染我的紧张心情】⑧谁知他看完后，对我说道：“文笔很不错嘛！不过目前学业最重要，千万不能因为写小说而影响了学业。

我倒是很愿意做你的第一个读者。

”他顿了顿，接着说道：“我这里有杂志社的征文启事，你可以试着投稿。

”我听了他的话，惊讶地抬起头看着他。

看到他脸上微笑的表情，我悬着的心终于放了下来。

【以上写第一件事：徐老师发现“我”写小说，批评后又鼓励我。

可见徐老师是个赏识学生，鼓励学生个性发展的好老师】⑨在老师的鼓励下，我参加了人生中的第一次征文比赛。

2010年高考作文素材-杂志卷首美文116篇文章来源中华励志网范文ｚhlzｗ.COm2016年高考-想象作文素材——杂志卷首美文116篇1-241、还生命以过程不能设想，古罗马的角斗场需要重建，庞贝古城需要重建，柬埔寨的吴哥窟需要重建，玛雅文化遗址需要重建。

这就像不能设想，远年的古铜器需要抛光，出土的断戟需要镀镍，宋版图书需要上塑、马王堆的汉代老太需要植皮丰胸、重施浓妆。

只要历史不阻断，时间不倒退，一切都会衰老。

老就老了吧，安详地交给世界一副慈祥美。

假饰天真是最残酷的自我糟践。

没有皱纹的祖母是可怕的，没有白发的老者是让人遗憾的；没有废墟的人生太累了，没有废墟的大地太挤了，掩盖废墟的举动太伪诈了。

还历史以真实，还生命以过程。

——这就是人类的大明智。

当然，并非所有的废墟都值得留存，否则地球将会伤痕斑斑。

废墟是古代派住现代的使节，经过历史的挑剔和筛选。

废墟是祖辈曾经发动过的壮举，会聚着当时的力量和精粹。

废墟是一个磁场，一极古代，一极现代，心灵的罗盘在这里感应强烈。

失去了磁力就失去了废墟的生命，它很快就会被人们淘汰。

2、有所敬畏在这个世界上，有的人信神，有的人不信，由此而区分为有神论者和无神论者、宗教徒和俗人。

不过，这个区分并非很重要。

还有一个比这重要得多的区分，便是有的人相信神圣，有的人不相信，人由此而分出了高尚和卑鄙。

一个人可以不信神，但不可以不相信神圣。

是否相信上帝、佛、真主或别的什么主宰宇宙的神秘力量，往往取决于个人所隶属的民族传统、文化背景和个人的特殊经历，甚至取决于个人的某种神秘体验，这是勉强不得的。

一个没有这些宗教信仰的人，仍然可能是一个善良的人。

然而，倘若不相信人世间有任何神圣价值，百无禁忌，为所欲为，这样的人就与禽兽无异了。

相信神圣的人有所敬畏。

在他的心目中，总有一些东西属于做人的根本，是亵渎不得的。

他并不是害怕受到惩罚，而是不肯丧失基本的人格。

不论他对人生怎样充满着欲求，他始终明白，一旦人格扫地，他在自己面前竟也失去了做人的自信和尊严，那么，一切欲求的满足都不能挽救他的人生的彻底失败。

知行社从筹备到现在正好一年的时间。

筹建用了整整半年，剩下的半年做活动12场，宣讲会一场，素拓一次，内部活动无数。

知行社已经扬帆起航。

加油知行社！筹备社史知行社最初由李荣鑫发起，想法来源于其在企业管理者协会担任执行会长期间感悟社团名称会限制社团发展和“社团的本质在于为成员提供发展平台”，并参考其他高校知行社及校内其他社团的部分理念。

相关内容筹备开始于2010年12月。

一、知行社筹备组发展史：2010年12月筹备组成员：李荣鑫、杜杭蔚、吕倩、赵昆、田芹。

2011年3月筹备组加入新成员：张海宁、马婧。

2011年4月筹备组加入新成员：吕春风（后退出）、刘曼。

筹备组例会：每周四晚为常规例会，其他会议均另行通知。

筹备组工作：前期准备申请知行社所需工作，如知行社章程具体包括社团宗旨定位理念口号特色活动组织结构各部门任务划分及其他细则，并与2011年4月20日成功邀请李永刚为知行社指导教师。

后期工作主要为内部章程修改完善，增设知行社发展目标等。

筹备组所共同参与活动：2011年5月21日至5月22日济南之夜活动。

二、知行社申请历程：2010年12月29日，知行社第一次申请，因已经入期末复习阶段，校方停止社团注册，没有通过。

2011年3月，知行社第二次申请，因缺少属于本社团的特色活动及校方不支持社团联盟该想法而失败。

2011年4月25日，知行社第三次申请，因准备上仍有不足，并采纳李永刚教授提出的建议，筹备组召开会议重新修订章程。

2011年4月26日，知行社第四次申请，成功。

部门设置为人力资源部、秘书处、组织策划部、宣传部、外联部。

2011年6月25日完成《知行社内部章程汇编》。

部门设置修改为人力资源部、秘书处、组织策划部、宣传部、外联部、督察部。

2011年8月25日，知行社人人网公共主页建立，与人人网建立合作关系/600905214。

知行社指导教师简介：李永刚，现任山东财政学院经济学院党委副书记、教授，教育部课题评审专家。