欧洲难民危机presention

欧洲难民危机人道主义危机的挑战欧洲难民危机：人道主义危机的挑战随着全球经济的不断发展和政治冲突的频繁发生，欧洲面临着前所未有的难民危机。

大量的难民涌入欧洲，引发了人道主义危机，对欧洲国家的政治、社会和经济体系构成了严峻的挑战。

本文将探讨欧洲难民危机所带来的人道主义危机，并分析其对欧洲国家的各方面带来的挑战。

一、涌入的难民战乱、贫穷和政治迫害等因素导致了大量人民逃离自己的国家，试图寻求安全和稳定的生活。

这些难民大多数来自中东、非洲和亚洲等地，通过海上或者陆路途径到达欧洲。

他们背井离乡，仅凭着一腔希望和对未来的憧憬踏上了未知的旅程。

二、人道主义危机难民涌入欧洲的规模庞大，引发了人道主义危机。

难民营的容纳能力严重不足，导致粮食、水源和庇护等基本生存需求难以满足。

同时，由于难民的不断到来，寻求庇护的难民和移民人数增长迅猛，加重了社会资源的压力，引发了社会紧张和冲突。

此外，难民们也面临着健康和卫生条件的恶劣情况，缺乏适当的医疗和卫生设施，容易造成传染疾病的扩散，给难民营的管理带来了巨大困难。

三、政治问题欧洲国家面临难民潮带来的一系列政治问题。

首先，难民危机引发了各个国家和政治派别之间的争议和分歧。

某些国家对难民问题采取开放和友善的姿态，而另一些国家则持保守和关闭的立场。

这使得整个欧洲联盟内部出现了困难和分裂，破坏了欧洲的团结和一体化进程。

其次，由于一些恐怖分子乘难民潮混入，对欧洲国家的安全构成了威胁。

这对于已经面临经济和政治压力的国家来说，更加加重了负担，并导致更多的政治问题。

四、经济挑战难民危机给欧洲国家的经济系统带来了巨大的挑战。

首先，难民潮使得欧洲国家的就业市场面临竞争压力。

大量的难民涌入，增加了就业市场的竞争力，使得本地居民的就业机会减少。

此外，为了满足难民的基本需求，欧洲国家需要投入大量的资源和资金，方便难民的教育、医疗和基础设施建设等。

这对于欧洲本身正面临经济不景气的情况来说，无疑增加了额外的压力。

欧洲难民危机_结构、成因及影响分析欧洲难民危机:结构、成因及影响分析引言：自2015年起，欧洲面临着空前的难民危机，成千上万的难民和移民涌入欧洲各国。

这一危机引发了许多政治、经济和社会问题，给欧洲国家带来了巨大的挑战。

本文将从问题的结构、成因以及影响方面进行分析。

一、结构分析欧洲难民危机具有以下三个主要的结构特征：1.难民数量激增数百万的难民和移民涌入欧洲各国，对欧洲的承载能力造成了巨大挑战。

这些难民来自中东、非洲等地的战乱和贫困地区，他们希望在欧洲寻求安全和更好的生活。

这一大量的人口流动导致了欧洲各国无法有效应对。

2.流动路径波动欧洲难民危机在不同阶段呈现出不同的流动路径。

最初，难民主要通过地中海地区来到欧洲，然后途经巴尔干半岛进入中欧，最终分散到各个欧洲国家。

后来，由于欧洲各国采取了较为严格的边境控制政策，大部分难民改变了流动路径，选择从地中海东部、土耳其经地路进入欧洲。

3.国家之间的合作和分歧欧洲各国在面对难民危机时存在明显的合作和分歧。

一方面，欧洲各国意识到只有合作共同应对才能解决这一问题，于是推出了欧盟难民分配方案。

另一方面，由于国家利益和政治考虑，各国在具体实施方面产生了巨大的分歧。

这种合作与分歧并存的状况给问题的解决带来了更大的复杂性。

二、成因分析欧洲难民危机形成的背后存在多方面的原因：1.中东和非洲的冲突和贫困中东地区的战乱、国家崩溃以及非洲地区的贫困和政治动荡，直接导致了大量的人民离开家园。

战争和贫困使他们不得不寻求安全和生计的地方。

2.移民网络和人口信息的传播移民网络的出现使得信息的传播更加容易，并使得更多人选择了移民和难民的方式来进入欧洲。

各种社交媒体和通信技术的普及，使得人们对于移民和难民的情况了解更为广泛。

3.欧洲政策的不一致和阻碍欧洲各国在处理难民问题上的政策不一致和存在的阻碍也是难民危机形成的原因之一。

一方面，部分国家采取较为严格的边境控制政策，不愿承担更多的难民；另一方面，欧盟难民分配方案在实施过程中遭遇了多方面的阻碍。

欧洲难民危机对当下国际形势的影响与应对随着中东和北非地区局势的动荡和战乱不断加剧，欧洲面临着前所未有的难民危机。

大量的难民涌入欧洲国家，给当下的国际形势带来了深远的影响。

本文将从经济、社会以及政治三个方面探讨欧洲难民危机对当下国际形势的影响，并对如何应对这一问题提出建议。

一、经济影响欧洲难民危机对当地经济产生了巨大的冲击。

大量的难民涌入欧洲国家，需要提供住所、食物、教育和医疗等基本服务。

各国政府需要投入大量的资金用于难民的接纳和安置，给当地经济造成了负担。

同时，工作机会的稀缺也导致本地居民和难民之间的就业竞争加剧，不稳定的经济环境进一步加剧了社会紧张氛围。

二、社会影响欧洲难民危机引发了社会的不安和分歧。

一些人担心大规模的难民涌入会对本地文化和社会秩序产生不可逆转的影响。

而一些难民受到歧视和不公正待遇，这给社会和谐带来了威胁。

社会的不安定和紧张氛围给恐怖主义等极端势力提供了滋生的土壤，进一步加剧了地区安全局势。

三、政治影响欧洲难民危机对欧盟及其成员国的政治格局产生了深远的影响。

各成员国对于难民危机的看法存在分歧，无法达成共识。

一些国家采取闭关自守的政策，限制难民的入境，这导致了欧盟内部矛盾的激化。

同时，难民危机也被一些极右翼政党利用，加剧了民粹主义的崛起，削弱了欧洲统一的力量，对欧洲一体化进程构成了严重挑战。

针对欧洲难民危机对当下国际形势所带来的影响，应采取以下措施：一、加强国际合作国际社会应加强合作，共同应对难民危机。

各国应就难民的接纳和定居问题进行协商，共同承担难民的分担责任。

同时，国际社会应加大对冲突地区的援助力度，帮助其重建和稳定，减少战乱导致的难民潮。

二、改善经济条件经济是解决难民危机的关键。

国际社会应加大对难民接纳国家的经济援助力度，帮助其满足难民的基本生活需求。

同时，通过对难民进行技能培训和教育，提高其就业能力，减少对当地资源的压力，实现难民与本地居民的共赢。

三、加强社会融合为了缓解社会紧张局势，接纳国家需要加强对难民的社会融合。

欧洲难民危机解决方案引言欧洲难民危机是指自2015年以来，大量来自中东和北非地区的难民涌入欧洲所引发的一系列社会与政治问题。

这一危机给欧洲各国的经济、社会和政治稳定带来了严峻挑战。

然而，解决这一危机并非易事，需要各国共同努力，制定并落实一套科学有效的解决方案。

本文将探讨欧洲难民危机的原因，并提出一些解决方案，旨在为解决这一危机提供一些参考。

背景自2011年阿拉伯之春以来，中东和北非地区的政治动荡和冲突不断加剧，导致大量居民逃离自己的国家。

其中，叙利亚内战是导致难民潮不断涌入欧洲的最主要原因之一。

此外，也有来自阿富汗、伊拉克、索马里和厄立特里亚等国家的难民。

这些难民在追求安全和自由的同时也面临巨大的生存压力，不得不选择离开自己的家园。

欧洲国家对于难民潮的涌入面临着巨大的挑战。

首先，欧洲各国的经济和社会资源有限，无法承受大量难民的涌入。

其次，由于难民流动带来的安全隐患和文化差异，也引发了一系列社会矛盾和种族问题。

这些问题对于欧洲的社会和政治稳定产生了重大影响。

欧洲难民危机解决方案1. 国际合作和共享责任解决欧洲难民危机的首要问题是各国间的合作和责任共担。

国际社会应加强合作，共同应对这一全球性挑战。

各国应主动参与难民救援和安置工作，积极提供援助和资源支持，共同承担大规模难民流入所带来的压力。

2. 建立集中式难民安置机构欧洲国家应建立集中式的难民安置机构，提供临时住所、食品、医疗和教育等基本服务，帮助难民顺利融入社会。

这些集中式机构可以更好地管理难民流动，减少难民在社会中的流浪和滞留问题。

3. 加强边境管理和安全防护为了应对难民潮，欧洲各国应加强边境管理和安全防护。

可以采取增加边境巡逻人员、加强边境检查和控制措施等手段，有效防止非法难民的涌入和安全隐患的产生。

此外，通过加强与中东和北非国家的合作，共同打击人口走私和非法入境活动，从根本上减少难民潮的产生。

4. 促进难民社会融入欧洲国家应加大对难民的社会融入力度，提供基本的法律保护、语言培训和职业技能培训等支持。

史无前例的欧洲难民危机作者：谭海清来源：《小康》2015年第20期到2015年9月下旬，大概有50万人进入欧洲，而且这种趋势还在扩大。

这些难民大部分是为了逃离叙利亚的战争、“伊斯兰国”的恐怖威胁和北非国家的动乱。

只要美欧的武力干涉政策不改变，难民危机的彻底解决就遥遥无期……2015年9月2日，一个小男孩之死的照片改变了世界。

这个3岁的叙利亚男孩名叫埃兰·库尔迪。

当天凌晨，埃兰的父母带着他和他的5岁哥哥，从土耳其乘小艇准备渡海去希腊，小艇被打翻，一家人只有埃兰的父亲生还。

埃兰趴在海滩边的尸体就像一个正在熟睡的孩子，一时间迅速成为全世界媒体的泪点新闻。

这张照片也让全世界的目光关注到北非、中东近年罕见的难民危机。

这张照片还促使更多的欧洲国家改变接纳难民的政策和措施……前所未有的难民潮其实欧洲的难民潮几年前就开始了。

一直以来，西亚、北非不少国家由于国内政局动乱、经济不振，“移民欧洲”是这些国家不少国民的“追求”。

这几年，利比亚、叙利亚、伊拉克、阿富汗的国内战争，以及跨国的“伊斯兰国”的兴起，加剧了本已存在的难民危机。

因为地理之便，也因为和平的国内环境、相对富裕的生活水平，欧洲成为这一波难民潮的首选目的地。

而在欧洲内部，德国、奥地利、北欧国家又成了“首选中的首选”。

根据欧盟官方最新的介绍，从2015年初到2015年9月下旬，大概有50万人进入欧洲。

大部分是为了逃离叙利亚的战争、利比亚伊斯兰国的恐怖威胁和厄立特里亚的独裁。

受影响最大的成员国是希腊，接收了21.3万难民；匈牙利接收了14.5万；意大利接收了11.5万。

欧盟官员说，目前进入欧洲的难民数字显然是史无前例的，但这仍然只是欧洲总人口的0.11%。

这个0.11%还有另一层解读：其实，当世界关注难民涌入欧洲、欧洲有点“手忙脚乱”时，人们不要忘了，真正承担难民压力最大的国家不是欧洲，而是叙利亚的邻国黎巴嫩、约旦、土耳其这些国家。

根据联合国数据，土耳其是叙利亚难民的最大接纳国，在该国国内注册的叙利亚难民数量已有近194万，黎巴嫩和约旦也分别接纳了120万人和63万人，这几个邻国的负担已经过于沉重。

Nasir Abubakar says the weather was good. "There was no blazing heat from above and no waves below," he says. But that didn't prevent the 30-year-old Nigerian from almost dying during his journey across the Mediterranean Sea.He says that thousands of people were crammed into a boat without food or water. For five or six days they drifted aimlessly on the open sea. Abubakar says he is no longer certain of other details. He witnessed children, women and men on the boat dying of thirst next to him."Some asked me to pray for them and then jumped overboard to die," he recalls. Barely clinging to consciousness, he lay down until an Italian Coast Guard helicopter pointed the disoriented captain on the path to Lampedusa. Abubakar can still remember the helicopter's light shining down from as dusk turned to night. He had reached Europe, his destination."But nobody counted the people who drown and sink to the bottom of the sea," Abubakar says.Abubakar arrived on the Italian island of Lampedusa in the fall of 2011. In the spring of 2014, the Italian government hoped that the kind of things that happened to Abubakar and the people on his boat wouldn't be repeated. The Italians changed their practices following the drowning deaths of 387 people last October near Lampedusa. With the Mare Nostrum -- Our Sea -- rescue program, the Italians are now intercepting refugee boats in the Strait of Sicily and transferring the passengers onto Italian ships.A Dramatic Increase in RefugeesThe consequences of the shift have been dramatic, with the number of refugees arriving in Italy rapidly rising. The United Nations Refugee Agency (UNHCR) estimates around 18,000 have completed the journey since the beginning of the year. At one point last week, amid favorable weather conditions, 4,000 refugees arrived within a period of just 48 hours. By contrast, during the first quarter of 2013, only around a thousand refugees made it to Italy using the primary route across the Mediterranean.The numbers lay bare an equation that has thrown the European Union into a moral dilemma. In places where refugees are given more humane treatment, their numbers are growing. So is it better to adopt policies of deterrence or to accommodate the newcomers? The issue of refugees is bringing Europe into direct conflict with its own self-image. A Continent dedicated to the principle ofhuman rights and is fond of pointing out its own Christian roots to other cultures is still lagging behind its own aspirations.Meanwhile, the scope of Europe's unresolved refugee problem has taken on a new dynamic with the explosive growth of refugees coming to Italy. The government in Rome has already rung the alarm bells, with Interior Minister Angelino Alfano warning that 300,000, or perhaps even 600,000, people in Libya alone were ready to board smuggling boats bound for Europe. "We can't take them all," he said.'This Is Not an Italian Problem'Italy has long been calling for changes to be made to the EU's 2003 Dublin regulation, which stipulates that asylum applications can only be processed in the country where refugees first set foot on EU soil. "This is not an Italian problem," Foreign Minister Federica Mogherini said. "Refugees are in the EU as soon as they arrive in Italy."In light of the fact that the Dublin regulation has essentially failed, politicians in Germany are viewing the rising numbers of refugees with increased concern. A spokesman for the German Interior Ministry warns that officials in Berlin assume that "a number of boat refugees will continue their journeys to Germany to apply for asylum here." The numbers seem to support that claim. During the first quarter of 2014, the number of asylum seekers in Germany rose by 76 percent against the same time period last year. Increased attention is being paid to the issue in German states as well, which, together with local communities, are responsible for providing accommodations for refugees. In Lower Saxony, Interior Minister Boris Pistorius, of the center-left Social Democratic Party (SPD), has asked his staff to provide him with regular updates on the situation in the Mediterranean. "We're going to have difficulties providing accommodations," he warns.Still, Berlin officials haven't exactly been sympathetic to calls for help from Italy. Officials in the Interior Ministry don't see any reason for special program to take in additional refugees in response to the situation in Italy. The spokesman notes that Germany itself is currently taking in far more asylum seekers than Italy. Last year, Germany registered 127,000 new asylum seekers, compared to only 27,000 in Italy.Martin Schulz, the Social Democrats' leading candidate for elections to the European Parliament, has a different take. He argues that the affected countries have been left in the lurch by the EU for some time now. "In areas facing particular hardship as a result of immigration, the distribution of refugees amongst the entire EU needs to be organized more equitably," he argues. "Financial assistance should also be supplied to those who are doing more than others." The leading candidate for the conservative Christian Democrats, Jean-Claude Juncker, is also calling for "greater solidarity in receiving refugees." He says that reaching agreement on implementing a quota system -- a controversial method that would require EU countries not bordering on the Mediterranean to take in a set number of additional refugees to help alleviate the burden -- should be added to the agenda of the next EU summit.One of Europe's Most Divisive IssuesThe unresolved refugee problem has returned to the fore in Europe just as it prepares for May's European Parliament elections. Once again, the EU is showing itself to be a union of national interests -- and refugees have long been among the most contentious issues in the 28-member bloc. And Germany hasn't distinguished itself either. After the drama off Lampedusa last fall,then-Interior Minister Hans-Peter Friedrich of the conservative Christian Social Union, the Bavarian sister party to Merkel's Christian Democratic Union (CDU), hastily ensured Germans that the EU's asylum policies wouldn't be changed in any way.Remarks like that set the tone in Europe and EU leaders subsequently delayed taking any steps toward fundamental reform. When Schulz, currently pres ident of the European Parliament, called on other member states to be more generous than Italy in taking in refugees, he faced a barrage of criticism back home in Germany. In times of widespread euro-skepticism and double-digit unemployment among young adults in euro crisis countries, the line went, proposals like that don't fly with the public. They merely put wind in the sails of radical opponents of Europe.And that goes to the heart of the dilemma currently facing Europe's mainstream political parties. They have every reason to fear that a broad debate over the EU's failed refugee policies could become a draw for right-wing populists. Addressing the problem, Juncker said recently: "We have to fight to prevent gains by the right-wing radicals in the European election."'Being on Some Overloaded Boat Is Not an Admission Ticket'In Germany, Bernd Lucke, spokesman for the nascent euro-critical party Alternative for Germany (AFD), is calling for refugees who enter the country illegally be taken immediately to a "safe African country." "We have to make it clear that being on some overloaded boat is not an admission ticket to the EU. Otherwise, more and more people will undertake this risky trip," he says.Andreas Scheuer, general secretary of the CSU, leaves no doubt that his party plans to position itself clearly within the anti-immigration camp during the election. "Asylum policies and the issue of poverty migration will play an important role in the campaign for the European Parliament, he says. "We have learned from experience that it is asylum in Germany that is sought by those who land in Italy." Noting that the number of people applying for asylum in Germany is already higher than it has been in years, he adds: "We cannot carry the weight of the entire world's pain."With lines like, "those who deceive are out," tough talk on refugees and related policies has become part of the CSU's standard repertoire. Whereas Chancellor Merkel's CDU is taking a more distanced approach to the challenge presented by the anti-euro AfD, its Bavarian counterpart is engaging in direct confrontation -- its callous reaction to the sufferings of refugees in Italy reflects that.Things could have turned out differently. The tragedy in Lampedusa could easily have served to trigger a deep and critical look at European refugee policy. Instead EU leaders limited any new measures to those focused on preventing such jarring catastrophes from happening again.Eurosur is the abbreviation given to the European Border Surveillance System, a sophisticated monitoring system consisting of satellites, drones and radar systems. The program, developed at a cost of around €340 million ($470 million), has been in operation in several EU member states since December. But it is extremely controversial because it has many applications: It can be used to save refugees, intercept them or even keep them out.But Eurosur is not a solution for the refugee issue. Indeed, the situation continues to escalate, with the number of illegal border crossings into the EU now even larger than it was at the peak of the Arab Spring in 2011. Seventy percent of the refugees coming across the Mediterranean originate in Libya, which has become a failed state following the toppling of dictator MoammarGadhafi. Italian Foreign Minister Mogherini has noted that the situation in Libya makes addressing the refugee problem all the more difficult given that talks with the government there are a virtual impossibility.Is the Boat Full?The number of asylum seekers in Germany has likewise risen continuously in recent years. Indeed, astonishingly few apply for asylum at the EU's external borders in Italy, Spain or Poland. Relative to its number of inhabitants, Italy is only in 15th place; Germany is in seventh. Relative to their populations, smaller member states like Malta or Sweden take in three times as many refugees as Germany does and the total percentage of all refugees in Germany remains at a figure far below 1 percent of the entire population.So is the boat full, as the old populist rhetoric goes? It's a controversial issue, especially if you ask the German people directly. A survey conducted by pollster Forsa in March found that only one in three Germans wants Germany to take in more refugees. Hamburg Mayor Olaf Scholz of the SPD, who is closely involved in the issue of migration in a city with a high population of immigrants, nevertheless pleads for a more liberal visa policy. He says that preparedness to take in refugees and tolerance is still substantial but asks, "What happens if the people say: That's enough?"German Development Minister Gerd Müller of the CSU suggests one cannot forget the old idea of addressing the refugee problem at its source: Africa. He recently ordered his staff at the ministry to come up with a special program for refugees. But the main driving force behind his dedication to the issue is that of preventing a further exodus to Europe. A 100-day progress report from the ministry makes clear its desire to "vanquish the causes of flight."When it comes to Africa, though, things have been heading in the opposite direction. While Germany slightly increased its development ex penditures last year, funds for Africa have decreased at a rapid pace. According to calculations by the non-government organization ONE, which focuses on reducing poverty around the world, Germany cut its development spending in Africa by half a billion euros in 2013. The organization claims that no other donor country has scaled back its participation to the degree Germany has. At best, the €100 million that Berlin has since been pledged to Africa can be viewed as a damage control effort.BY NICOLA ABÉ, CHRISTIANE HOFFMANN, HORAND KNAUP, KAROLINA KUHLA, WALTER MAYR, PETER MÜLLER, GORDON REPINSKI AND GREGOR PETER SCHMITZTranslated from the German by Daryl Lindsey欧洲难民危机：西方难逃历史责任我要评论2015年09月07日18:44:00 来源：新华网我有话要说(2人参与) 新华网北京９月７日电（记者纪时平）连日来，年仅３岁的叙利亚难民小艾兰“沉睡”海滩的悲惨场面震惊世界，一些欧洲国家动了恻隐之心，拥堵在匈牙利的数千难民近日终于如愿以偿前往奥地利、德国等国，还有一些欧洲国家也有所松口。