陕西师范大学全日制教育硕士学科教学英语专业考研经验——愿所有勇士都能凯旋而归

目　录2010年陕西师范大学333教育综合[专业硕士]考研真题（回忆版）2011年陕西师范大学333教育综合[专业硕士]考研真题（回忆版）2011年陕西师范大学333教育综合[专业硕士]考研真题（回忆版）[视频讲解] 2012年陕西师范大学333教育综合[专业硕士]考研真题（回忆版）2012年陕西师范大学333教育综合[专业硕士]考研真题（回忆版）[视频讲解] 2013年陕西师范大学333教育综合[专业硕士]考研真题（回忆版）2013年陕西师范大学333教育综合[专业硕士]考研真题（回忆版）及部分详解2014年陕西师范大学333教育综合[专业硕士]考研真题（回忆版）2014年陕西师范大学333教育综合[专业硕士]考研真题（回忆版）及详解2015年陕西师范大学333教育综合[专业硕士]考研真题（回忆版）2015年陕西师范大学333教育综合[专业硕士]考研真题（回忆版）及部分详解2016年陕西师范大学333教育综合[专业硕士]考研真题（回忆版）2016年陕西师范大学333教育综合[专业硕士]考研真题（回忆版）及详解2017年陕西师范大学333教育综合[专业硕士]考研真题（回忆版）2017年陕西师范大学333教育综合[专业硕士]考研真题（回忆版）及详解2018年陕西师范大学333教育综合[专业硕士]考研真题（回忆版）2018年陕西师范大学333教育综合[专业硕士]考研真题（回忆版）及部分答案2019年陕西师范大学333教育综合[专业硕士]考研真题（回忆版）2019年陕西师范大学333教育综合[专业硕士]考研真题（回忆版）及部分答案2010年陕西师范大学333教育综合[专业硕士]考研真题（回忆版）一、名词解释（每题2.5分，共20分）1教学评价2创新教育3校本课程4成就动机5稷下学宫6定势7实科中学8泛智论二、填空题（每空1分，共10分）1提出教学的教育性原则的教育家是______，他是______的代表。

2019年陕西师范大学333教育综合[专业硕士]考研真题（回忆版）及部分答案一、填空题略二、判断题略三、名词解释1．教育制度答：教育制度，是指一个国家各级各类实施教育的机构体系及其组织运行的规则，它包括相互联系的两个基本方面：①各级各类教育机构与组织；②教育机构与组织赖以存在和运行的规则，例如，各种相关的教育法律、规则、条例等。

教育制度既有与其他社会制度相类似的性质，又有其自身的特点，包括：客观性、规范性、历史性和强制性。

学校教育制度是教育制度的核心。

2．成就动机答：成就动机是指一种以高标准要求自己，以力求取得学习活动成功为目标的动机，它是在通过胜任某些活动获得尊敬的需要基础上产生的。

成就动机高的人在完成任务上追求成功的倾向强，在选择目标时选择难度适中的目标和课题；成就动机低的人在完成任务上防止失败的倾向强，在选择目标时选择容易的或困难的目标和课题。

其心理机制为：成就动机高的人往往是通过各种活动努力提高自尊心和获得心理上的满足，成就动机低的人往往是通过各种活动防止自尊心受伤害和产生心理烦恼。

3．道尔顿制答：道尔顿制，是进步主义教育家帕克赫斯特在马萨诸塞州道尔顿中学推行的一种新的课程和教学计划，这是一种强调个别差异和个性发展的个别教学制度。

道尔顿制的实施有四个基本要素，即指定作业、工作合约、实验室和表格法。

道尔顿制有三个原则，分别是自由、合作和个性原则，主要是基于大多数进步主义教育家的一个重要思想，即给个体儿童更多的自由，使他们得到完全自由的发展。

因此，道尔顿制不仅是教学改革，而且也是一个基于儿童中心倾向的、试图达到多方面目的的教育实验。

4．综合课程答：综合课程是一种主张整合若干相关联的学科而成为一门更广泛的共同领域的课程。

根据综合课程的综合程度及其发展轨迹，它可分以下几种：①相关课程，是指在保留原来学科的独立性基础上，寻找两个或多个学科之间的共同点，使这些学科的教学顺序能够相互照应、相互联系、穿插进行。

先说说我个人吧，我本科是一个普通的一本院校，本科专业是新闻学，所以考研算是本专业了，而且我开始复习的也比较早，所以我的整个备考过程感觉也相对轻松一些。

先来说说英语吧，英语是我最早开始复习的一个科目，开始主要是在背单词，用的是《一本单词》，我是每天学习一个list，然后第二天再去复习上一天的内容，就这样一直循环往复，一直贯穿了整个备考的整个过程。

新传专硕考的是英语二，相比英语一要简单一些，不过我前期还是先做的英语一的真题，开始的时候我是先每天做两篇真题然后开始对答案，在对答案的过程中将每一道题都整个弄清楚，阅读的文章也要进行翻译，一直到整个卷子里面没有不认识的单词为止。

蛋核英语的长难句和语法内容建议大家也多背一背，对自己的阅读和翻译都很有用。

然后进入巩固阶段之后就可以开始做英语二的真题了，这个时候你会觉得英语二的真题确实要简单一些了，不过由于英语二和英语一毕竟不同，所以也要认真对待。

到了冲刺阶段就要多练习真题里面的其他题型了，首先从七选五开始，由于这些题比较简单一定要尽力做到一个不错，下面就是翻译了，由于前面研究英语一真题的时的翻译基础，再通过对长难句的分析其实也并不难。

而完形填空在整个考试中占的比例并不大，所以只需要连一下自己的语感就可以了。

真题推荐木糖英语的《英语真题手译版》。

最后时作文，英语作文的分数占比还是很高的，所以大家在平时要注意句子的积累，这个时候就要背诵模板了，如果有时间的话最好也背诵几篇范文。

我刚开始复习政治的时候跟的是李凡老师。

我从九月开始一直到十月份，我是每天看一章李凡政治新时器，这个时候并不一定要背过，只需要直到书中的知识框架就可以了，并且配合着李凡一千题，每当看完之后就用李凡一千题来练习一下，而且我个人认为题不用很多，这个千题其实就够了。

时间来到十月份之后，李凡政治新时器和李凡一千题也都刷过一遍了，这个时候可以开始刷第二遍第三遍了，这时可以将几遍中总是会错的题记录下来，再进行重点记忆。

北师大翻译硕士考研经验——功不唐捐，玉汝于成一、自我介绍已经录取北师大翻硕，本科艺术类专业跨考北师大翻译硕士，考研三跨（跨地区、跨学校、跨专业）；初试总分350，政治62，翻译硕士英语68，英语翻译基础111，汉语百科109；报的是凯程翻硕集训班：复试总分250，最后得分240；二、全年复习安排1.5月份以前应该把英语基础薄弱环节全部打牢，单词量差的刷单词，语法薄弱的刷语法，跟着辅导班的节奏并且开始学习基本的翻译理论与实践。

2.6月份可以听听考研名师的强化课，开始积累英汉词条；推荐订阅《经济学人》杂志，历年来英语阅读理解以及英译汉很多都是来自这个杂志的原文；开始坚持每天保持翻译的练习，这个时候是初期，可以每天一篇英译汉，再每天一篇汉译英交替练习，不能手生；初期练习时可以把译文背一背，保持语感；3.7-9月份是集中强化期，每天至少保持两到四篇专八阅读以及完形填空练习，8月份开始每天一篇交替的翻译练习要增加到每天两篇（英译汉汉译英各一篇），写作保持每周两到三篇巩固练习；英汉词条的积累不能断；4.10-12月份，开始集中巩固翻译练习，重点利用张培基散文选以及庄的简明教程；可查阅北师大历年真题，并自己加以练习，熟悉学校出题风格；三、专业课英语翻译基础这门课分为英汉词条互译，英译汉短文一篇，汉译英短文一篇，其中英汉词条互译一定！一定注重平时积累，能多了解就多了解，能多背就多背；英汉互译的短文难度并不是很大，要保持练习，平时多从名家译文里吸收好的搭配和更加地道的英汉互译用法；后期一定要保持每天一篇英译汉和一篇汉译英的练习，时间充足的话可以适当背一背优秀译文，吸收好的译法和用法；参考书目：1）《英汉翻译简明教程》庄绎传版；2）《高级英汉翻译理论与实践》叶子南版；3）《英译中国现代散文选》张培基；4）《非文学翻译理论与实践》李长栓翻译硕士英语这门课主要考察英语综合能力，题型为完形填空，阅读，排序和写作；北师大的完形填空主要考察的还是更注重单词以及固定短语搭配，近义词同义词等，对语法的考察相对小很多；阅读平时保持做专八的正确率，问题就不大；排序题一般也很简单，不要在这一题上面浪费太多时间；写作和阅读一样，保持熟练，平时积累句型和段落搭配；参考书目：1）星火专八阅读；2）专八写作。

教育部直属师范类院校学科教学（英语）招生人数、考试科目、参考书目一、北京师范大学招生人数：15人（此为2012年招生人数，推免生占百分之三十至五十）考试科目：101-思想政治理论（满分100分）、204-英语二（满分100分）、333-教育综合（满分150分）、866-语言学与英语教学（满分150分）参考书目：1.语言研究（第2版）（The Study of Language, 2nd edition），George Yule 著，外语教学与研究出版社，2000。

2.《外语学习与教学导论》，Keath Johnson著，外语教学与研究出版社，2002年。

3.《英语教学法教程》第2版，王蔷主编，高等教育出版社，2006年。

4.【教育学原理】王道俊、郭文安主编：《教育学》，人民教育出版社2009年5.【中国教育史】（1）孙培青主编：《中国教育史》，华东师范大学出版社2009年版（2）王炳照等著：《简明中国教育史》，北京师范大学出版社2007年版6.【外国教育史】张斌贤主编，王晨副主编：《外国教育史》，教育科学出版社2008年7.【教育心理学】（1）张大均主编：《教育心理学》，人民教育出版社2005年（2）陈琦、刘儒德主编：《教育心理学》，高等教育出版社2005年2012年招生简章：/ReadNews.aspx?NewsId=11072508488二、东北师范大学招生人数：复试前公布各专业招生人数考试科目：①101思想政治理论②204英语二③333教育综合④890英语教学专业基础参考书目：1.Principles of Language Learning and Teaching H. D. Brown 外语教学与研究出版社 2008年2.Introducing Linguistics 杨忠高等教育出版社3.333教育综合参考书目同北京师范大学。

研究生院网站：/zhaosheng/index.php?classid=3专业目录：/zhaosheng/shuoshi/ssml.php?zsnf=2012三、华东师范大学、招生人数：10人考试科目：初试①101思想政治理论②201英语一③333教育综合④913综合英语（A）（内容难度同专八）复试：1.英语写作（笔试）。

陕西师范大学学科教学思政大学生退伍士兵计划我校20xx年硕士招生工作中，退役大学生士兵计划（以下简称大学生士兵）有少量指标空余，现将接受调剂工作安排如下：一、调剂要求我校大学生士兵计划拟接收调剂考生类型均为全日制专业学位或及非全日制专业学位。

具体要求如下：工商管理、公共管理、旅游管理专业的考生进入复试的初试成绩要求：根据全国分数线中A类考生分数线，初试成绩总分不低于全国分数线30分（总分不低于140分）；其他专业考生进入复试的初试成绩要求：不低于全国分数线中的享受少数民族照顾政策考生进入复试的分数线（总分不低于248分，单科满分等于100分的不低于30分，单科满分大于100分的不低于45分）。

二、调剂程序1.有调剂意向的考生调剂资料备注栏注明“退役大学生士兵计划”。

2.经研招办初步审核资格后安排各学院组织复试，并在中国研究生招生信息网上对考生发“复试通知”，具体的复试日程安排可电话通知或在各学院网页公布。

3.复试结束后，复试结果报研招办审核并确定拟录取名单。

三、复试考生应提交的证明材料1.考生考研初试成绩单一份（中国研招网成绩查询截图）；2.往届考生须提交本人本科毕业证书、学位证书、学籍学历校验结果、身份证件原件。

考生学籍（学历）校验有问题的，须在各单位复试前完成学籍（学历）校验，否则不予安排复试；3.应届本科毕业考生需提交本人就读学校教务部门出具的学籍证明和大学本科成绩证明原件各一份，本人身份证、学生证（正常注册）原件。

4.除上述材料外，退役大学生士兵计划考生需提供本人《入伍批准书》和《退出现役证》原件或复印件。

四、其他1.调剂考生复试录取办法按照《20xx年硕士研究生招生复试录取办法》执行。

2.所有申请调剂考生所提供信息和资料必须真实有效，因弄虚作假或不符合录取条件的，一经查实，随时取消录取资格。

陕师大英语学科教学考研科目
陕师大英语学科教学考研科目一般设置四个单元考试科目，即思想政治理论、外国语、业务课一和业务课二，满分分别为100分、100分、150分、150分。

教育学、历史学、医学门类初试设置三个单元考试科目，即思想政治理论、外国语、专业基础综合，满分分别为100分、100分、300分。

扩展资料
体育、应用心理、文物与博物馆、药学、中药学、临床医学、口腔医学、中医、公共卫生、护理等专业学位硕士初试设置三个单元考试科目，即思想政治理论、外国语、专业基础综合，满分分别为100分、100分、300分。

会计、图书情报、工商管理、公共管理、旅游管理、工程管理和审计等专业学位硕士初试设置两个单元考试科目，即外国语、管理类联考综合能力，满分分别为100分，200分。

金融、应用统计、税务、国际商务、保险、资产评估等专业学位硕士初试设置经济类综合能力考试科目，供试点学校选考，满分为150分。

2019年北师大全日制教育硕士科学与技术教育考研经验——未来可能遥远，但不轻易放弃文｜李JY/凯程集训营学员北京师范大学全日制教育硕士科学与技术教育专业一、个人情况本科专业：211学校，工科；报考学校：北京师范大学；报考专业：小学教育。

考试分数：政治67分、英语二64分、333教育综合125分、992小学教育105分，总分361分调剂学校：北京师范大学；调剂专业：科学与技术教育。

二、跨考动机Tips：跨考动机决定是否转专业，建议结合人生规划（1、5）+个人爱好（2、3、4）决定。

本人情况：1、想读研2、不喜欢本专业3、不想考数学4、喜欢文史类专业5、想多读书，能当大学老师最好。

三、门类选择Tips：跨学科考研选择专业建议按以下顺序进行：分析个人爱好-寻找对应专业-查看目标专业的招生简章-查看对应单位培养方法-了解毕业后工作方向-了解就业前景考-了解跨考难度（是否有相关工作、实践经历）。

本人情况：1、历史？金融？文学？对比了各个专业，发现教育学最适合我：历史和文学，目前跨考专业素养不够，金融要考数学。

2、已考取信息技术（高中）教师资格证，对教育学有一定了解且感兴趣。

四、院校选择Tips：选择学校可以从学校实力+地理位置+就业规划来考虑。

本人情况：1、大学在郊区，研究生阶段只想去北京和上海（华东地区）等一线城市。

想从211换成985，只有北师大和华东师大符合要求。

2、4-9月我是按照华东师大311（教育学硕考试科目，总分300，考试科目：中国教育史、外国教育史、教育学原理、教育心理学、教育研究方法）准备的。

9月以后换成了北师大333（教育专硕考试科目，总分150，考试科目：中国教育史、外国教育史、教育学原理、教育心理学）。

五、具体专业Tips：学硕和专硕需要自己取舍。

目前学硕名额宝贵、读博方便、在学校呆的时间更长，专业知识学到的更为扎实。

专硕名额虽多、实践性较强、但读博稍微困难、竞争人数也越来越多。

陕西师范大学2012级免费师范教育硕士英语试题注意事项:一、本试题共10页，满分100分。

答案一律写在答题纸上，否则无效。

二、做选择题时，将所选答案书写在答题纸对应题号后的（）三、中英文尽可能做到字迹清晰、书写工整、疏密相间均匀、字体大小适当。

四、英文作文必须逐行书写不得隔行或跳行。

Part I Vocabulary and Structure (20%)Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.1.My job varies between the extremely tedious and the annoyingly busy. ______ Ithink I am happier during the real busy times: no time to think about how bored I am.A. On balanceB. In additionC. FurthermoreD. Aside from2.We are all in favor of your proposal that the meeting ______.A. is called offB. should call offC. is to be called offD. be called off3.______, I walked my dear father.A. Exhausted and hungryB. Having been exhausted and hungryC. Being exhausted and hungryD. To be exhausted and hungry4.I stood still, trying to ______ a plausible excuse.A. createB. produceC. inventD. design5. A new technique ______ out, the output as a whole increased by 15 percent.A. workingB. having workedC. having been worked D to have been worked6.She thinks it’s time we ______ free school meals.A. did forB. did withC. did withoutD. did away with7.He never regretted paying 300 Yuan for the bookcase. As a matter of fact hewould gladly have paid ______ for it.A. as much twiceB. twice as muchC. much as twice D as twice much8.He was attending a meeting, ______ come to your birthday party then.A. unless he would haveB. or he wouldC. nevertheless he did not D or he would have9.He ______ the job ______ because it involved too much traveling.A. turned…downB. turned…awayC. turned off D turned…over10. They have made changes in their plans for a new science park as you .A. suggestedB. have suggestedC. had suggestedD. suggest 11．In some areas of northwest China, intensive farming has brought about severe_____ of the land, which accounted for poor harvest in recent years.A. deforestationB. dejectionC. delectation D degeneration12．The accuracy of scientific observations and calculations is always_____ the scientist’s time-keeping methods.A. at the mercy ofB. in accordance withC. under the guidance ofD. by means of 13．Manufacturers raised the price of this product to ______ the increased cost of material.A. write offB. offsetC. make forD. abstain from14．Among other things was the discussion to reach a_______ trade agreement between the two countries.A. reciprocalB. mergedC. marketableD. mature15．Nowadays more Chinese would like to hold their reunion dinner in posh restaurants, despite the______ costs. They find it more enjoyable and physically less demanding.A. hyperbolicB. inexorableC. exorbitantD. protean16. Christmas is a Christian holy day usually celebrated on December 25th_______the birth of Jesus Christ.A. in accordance withB. in terms ofC. in favor ofD. in honor of17. The _________ to overthrow the revolutionary regime was unearthed andpromptly smashed.A. conspiracyB. trickC. intrigueD. plot18. In the last couple of days, a number of areas in China were hit by heavy snowfalls,powerful winds or suffocating sandstorms. The extremely bad weather has________ the transportation system in the areas.A. constrainedB. cussedC. crippledD. chucked19. My father is researching the spread of AIDs. And he is ________ in hispresentation of experiments.A. relevantB. sacredC. proteanD. meticulous20. Mr. John made a very wonderful after-dinner speech. His ________ mind,graceful manner and fluent words moved all the participants deeply.A. awesomeB. articulateC. agileD. arbitraryPart II Reading Comprehension (40%)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by five questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.Passage OneWhen your parents advise you to "get an education" in order to raise your income, they tell you only half the truth. What they really mean is to get just enough education to provide manpower for your society, but not so much that you prove an embarrassment to your society.Get a high school diploma, at least. Without that, you will be occupationally dead unless your name happens to be George Bernard Shaw or Thomas Alva Edison, and you can successfully dropout in grade school.Get a college degree, if possible. With a B.A., you are on the launching pad. But now you have to start to put on the brakes. If you go for a master's degree, make sure it is an M.B.A., and is famous.Do you know, for instance, that long-haul truck drivers earn more per year than full professors? Yes, the average 1977 salary for those truckers was $24000 while the full professors managed to earn just $23030.A Ph.D. is the highest degree you can get. Except for a few specialized fields such as physics or chemistry where the degree can quickly be turned to industrial or commercial purposes, if you pursue such a degree in any other field, you will face a dim future. There are more Ph.D.s unemployed or underemployed in this country than any other part of the world.If you become a doctor of philosophy in English or history or anthropology or political science or languages or worst of all in philosophy, you run the risk of becoming overeducated for our national demands. Not for our needs, mind you, but for our demands.Thousands of Ph.D.s are selling shoes, driving cars, waiting on table, and endlessly filling out applications month after month. They may also take a job in some high school or backwater college that pays much less than the janitor earns.You can equate the level of income with the level of education only so far. Far enough, that is, to make you useful to the gross national product, but not so far that nobody can turn much of a profit on you.21. According to the writer, what the society expects of education is to turn out peoplewho _____.A. will not be a disgrace to societyB. will become loyal citizensC. can take care of themselvesD. can meet the nation's demands as a sourceof manpower22. Many Ph.D.s are out of job because _____.A. they are improperly educatedB. they are of little commercial value to their societyC. there are fewer jobs in high schoolsD. they prefer easier jobs that make more money23. The nation is only interested in people _____.A. with diplomasB. who specialize in physics and chemistryC. who are valuable to the gross national productD. both A and C24. Which of the following is not true?______A. Bernard Shaw didn't finish high schools, nor did Edison.B. One must think carefully before pursuing a master degree.C. The higher your education level, the more money you will earn.D. If you are too well-educated, you'll be overeducated for society's demands.25. The writer sees education as _____.A. a means of providing job security and financial security and a means ofmeeting a country's demands for technical workersB. a way to broaden one's horizonsC. more important than finding a jobD. an opportunity that everyone should havePassage TwoIn the mid-nineteenth century, the United States had tremendous natural resources that could be exploited in order to develop heavy industry. Most of the raw materials that are valuable in the manufacture of machinery, transportation facilities, and consumer goods lay ready to be worked into wealth. Iron, coal, and oil —the basic ingredients of industrial growth —were plentiful and needed only the application of technical expertise, organizational skill, and labor.One crucial development in this movement toward industrialization was the growth of the railroads. The railway network expanded rapidly until the railroad map of the United States looked like a spider’s web, with the steel filaments connecting all important sources of raw materials, their places of manufacture, and their centers of distribution. The railroads contributed to the industrial growth not only by connecting these major centers, but also by themselves consuming enormous amounts of fuel, iron, and coal.Many factors influenced emerging modes of production. For example, machine tools, the tools used to make goods, were steadily improved in the latter part of the nineteenth century — always with an eye to speedier production and lower unit costs. The products of the factories were rapidly absorbed by the growing cities that sheltered the workers and distributors. The increased urban population was nourished by the increased farm production that, in turn, was made more productive by the use of the new farm machinery. American agricultural production kept up with the urban demand and still had surpluses for sale to the industrial centers of Europe.The labor that ran the factories and built the railways was recruited in part from American farm areas where people were being displaced by farm machinery, in part from Asia, and in part form Europe. Europe now began to send tides of immigrants from eastern and southern Europe — most of whom were originally poor farmers but who settled in American industrial cities. The money to finance this tremendous expansion of the American economy still came from European financiers for the most part, but the Americans were approaching the day when their expansion could be financed in their own “money market”.26. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. The history of railroads in the United States.B. The major United States industrial centers.C. Factors that affected industrialization in the United States.D. The role of agriculture in the nineteenth century.27. The word “ingredients” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to ________.A. mineralsB. productsC. methodsD. components28. According to the passage, all of the following were true of railroads in the UnitedStates in the nineteenth century EXCEPT that ________.A. they connected important industrial citiesB. they were necessary to the industrialization processC. they were expanded in a short timeD. they used relatively small quantities of natural resources29. According to the passage, what was one effect of the improvement of machine tools?A. Lower manufacturing costs.B. Better distribution of goods.C. More efficient transportation of natural resources.D. A reduction in industrial jobs.30. Which of the following is NOT true of the United States farmers in the nineteenthcentury?A. They lost some jobs because of mechanization.B. They were unable to produce sufficient food for urban areas.C. They raised their productivity by using new machinery.D. They sold food to European countries.Passage ThreeSince the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty. That compulsion has resulted in robotics—the science of conferring various human capabilities on machines. And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction, they have begun to come close.As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor. Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms. Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction. Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robot-drivers. And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy—far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone.But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves -- goals that pose a real challenge. “While w e know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error,” says Dave Lavery, manager of a robotics program at NASA, “we can’t yet give a robot enough ‘common sense’ to reliably interact with a dynamic world.”Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced very mixed results. Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries.What they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the human brain’s roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented—and human perception far more complicated —than previously imagined. They have built robots that can recognize the error of a machine panel by a fraction of a millimeter in a controlled factory environment. But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspiciousface in a big crowd. The most advanced computer systems on Earth can’t approach that kind of ability, and neuroscientists still don’t know quite how we do it.31. Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated in ________.A. the use of machines to produce science fictionB. the wide use of machines in manufacturing industryC. t he invention of tools for difficult and dangerous workD. the elite’s cunning tackl ing of dangerous and boring work32. The word “gizmos” (Line 1, Paragraph 2) most probably means________.A. programsB. expertsC. devicesD. creatures33. According to the text, what is beyond man’s ability now is to design a robot thatcan ________.A. fulfill delicate tasks like performing brain surgeryB. interact with human beings verballyC. have a little common senseD. respond independently to a changing world34 Besides reducing human labor, robots can also________.A. make a few decisions for themselvesB. deal with some errors with human interventionC. improve factory environmentsD. cultivate human creativity35. The author uses the example of a monkey to argue that robots are________.A. expected to copy human brain in internal structureB. able to perceive abnormalities immediatelyC. far less able than human brain in focusing on relevant informationD. best used in a controlled environmentPassage FourThough it is mere 1 to 3 percent of the population, the upper class possesses at least 25 percent of the nation’s wealth. This class has two segments: upper-upper and lower-upper. Basically, the upper-upper class is “old rich” －families that have been wealthy for several generations －an aristocracy of birth and wealth. Their names are in the Social Register, a listing of acceptable members of high society. A few are known across the nations, such as the Rockefellers, Roosevelts, and Vanderbilts. Mostare not visible to the general public. They live in grand seclusion, drawing their income from the investment of their inherited wealth. In contrast, the lower-upper class is the “new rich”. Although they may be wealthier than some of the old rich, the new rich have hustled to make their money like everybody else beneath their class. Thus their prestige is generally lower than that of the old rich, who have not found it necessary to lift a finger to make their money, and who tend to look down upon the new rich.However its wealth is required, the upper class is very, very rich. They have enough money and leisure time to cultivate an interest in the arts and to collect rare books, paintings, and sculptures. They generally live in exclusive areas, belong to exclusive social club, communicate with each other, and marry their own kind －all of which keeps them so distant from the masses that they have been called the out-of-sight class. More than any other class, they tend to be conscious of being members of a class. They also command an enormous amount of power and influence here and abroad, as they hold many top government positions, run the Council on Foreign Relations, and control multinational corporations. Their actions affect the lives of millions.36 All the following statements are true EXCEPT that ______.A. the upper-upper class is of aristocratic originB. the “old rich” enjoy higher prestige than the “new rich”C. t he “old rich” isolate themselves and lead a lonely lifeD. the upper class owns at least a quarter of the country’s wealth37. According to the author, th e “old rich” get richer ______.A. through the Social RegisterB. through their reputationC. by investing their inherited wealthD. by collecting paintings and sculptures38. The reason why the “old rich” look down upon the “new rich” is that ______.A. the former are wealthier than the latterB. the latter sweat themselves to make moneyC. the “new rich” have no interest in artsD. the “old rich” are conscious of being members of the upper class39. The upper class is also called the out-of-sight class because ______.A. they keep away from the general publicB. they spend most of their time abroadC. they don’t communicate with any peopleD. they move frequently from place to place40 We can learn from the passage that ______.A .the upper class is powerful and influentialB. the upper class collects rare books to make moneyC. the upper class holds all top government positionsD. the “old rich” makes much more money than the “new rich”Part III Writing (40%)Directions: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1)describe the drawing briefly,2)explain its intended meaning, and then3)give your comments.You should write neatly on your ANSWER SHEET. Remember to give a title to your writing.Penguins Need Room to SurviveAs is vividly depicted in the drawing, Antarctica is being exploited by a series of countries, like the United States, the United Kingdom and Australia. The poor penuins,the original residents, have no way but to flee away. By depicting this image, the drawer attempts to expose the current living situation of penguins there and admonish people to leave room for penguins to live in.As known to all, Antarctica is the home of penguins. It is also widely described as the last true wilderness on our planet. However, Antarctica has more recently been playing host to adventurers seeking excitement, scientists interested in experimenting, and companies looking to exploit this wild terrain for profit. Yet, Antarctica's fragile and complicated eco-system is threatened by its human visitors. Damage to the environment occurs as people come looking for resources beneath the ice. What human beings have done there is threatening the survival of penguins. Experts say as many as ten of the seventeen kinds of penguins may be in danger of disappearing. In addition, widespread fishing, exploration for oil and oil leaks also threaten penguins.All in all, people have to take action to help the birds with concentrated attention, then penguins may have chance to live on with us. People from all countries have to ensure that the damage to Antarctica's environment is minimized, and that the last wilderness on earth will remain an unspoiled place. Thus, penguins will have room to survive.2012级免费师范教育硕士英语试题答题纸学院_________________ 学号____________________姓名_________________ 成绩_____________________注意事项一、本试题共10页，满分100分。

首都师范大学学科英语考研经验分享书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟.教育学考研的学子都知道徐影老师,知道高鸽学姐，我也是其中一位.看到大家喜报频传，而我，只能算作失败的那一个，所以我就来写写我失败的经历，也借此机会反思一下自己报考院校：首都师范大学报考专业:教师教育学院（学科教学英语）初试成绩：342（政治56，英语二71,教育综合118,专业课97）2018国家线：320（A区)310(B区)首都师大复试线：354（2018年）,343(2017年）调剂院校：吉林华侨外国语学院（学科教学英语）以上几条是整个考研一年取得的成果，没错最后我调剂成功了,但是就复习过程而言我是一个失败者，被录取之后我深深地松了一口气,告诉自己终于不用再打电话了，同时我做了一个自己都没想到的决定——我要二战。

备考反思决定考首都师大的学科之前,我一直复习的是北语的对外汉语，备考了一个月之后，满腔的教育热情让我终于放弃汉硕,选择学科教学。

也就是在7月初才真正的投入到复习中。

333教育综合首师大的独特之处就在于参考书，333用的《教育学基础》、《当代教育心理学》、以及宁虹老师的《教育研究导论》，难度最大的也是导论,所以我放在了最后.当然这是根据试卷分值来决定的。

教育学基础都是重点，没技巧，背就对了，能重复多少遍就重复多少遍，当然背也是有技巧的，虽然用书略有区别，但是大体是相同的,所以我看的是凯程的视频以及讲义资料，主要目的是梳理框架,辅助记忆。

框架很重要，不仅便于记忆，等真的做题的时候就会深有感触了,我的感触就是首师大的题真的越来越活了，除了名词解释简答能让你觉得很熟悉之外，其他的题，尤其新题型材料题会让你慌慌的，不知从何答起。

越是这样越需要你去找依据,越需要综合的逻辑能力，但无论是简答还是名词还是论述题,都需要自己的见解.《当代教育心理学》这本书的难度不大，比起《教育学基础》更需要理解性记忆，而且重点很明显，就几个章节重点背诵加理解，但是全书的名词解释一定要都理解,换句话说章节不是重点,不代表没有考的可能性.名词解释本身就3-5个，今年就三个，像大海捞针但是难度适中，捞捞又何妨？本身这本书的框架就比较清楚,自己按照章节梳理就可以.在试卷上占得比例大概有百分之三十左右,甚至更少。