XML Multimedia Retrieval

办公室事宜Office matters（1）1.appointment 约会，约定2.attendance 出席人数；出席3.cabinet 橱柜4.calendar 日历；月历；行事历5.clerk 办事员，书记 6.directory 人名住址薄7.duplicate 复制；副本8.filing 归档9.in-tray 待处理文件盒10.monitor 检测；监视；追踪11.out-tray 已处理文件盒12.partition 分隔；分隔物（如墙壁等）13.postage 邮费14.punctualit 准时；守时15.schedule 时间表；计划表16.shift 换班；轮班；值班17.staff 全体职员18.strike 罢工19.task 工作，任务20.work force 工作人员；劳动人口办公室事宜Office matters（2）1.assignment 分配；工作，分派2.bulletin 公报；告示；定期报告书3.calculator 计算器4.carbon copy 用复写纸复制的副本5.colleague 同事，同僚6.document 文件，证件7.extension 分机（电话）；延期8.intercom 对讲机9.memo 便条；便笺；备忘录10.operator 接线生11.overtime 加班的时间12.portfolio 作品夹，公事包13.printed matter 印刷品14.receptionist 接待员15.secretary 秘书16.shorthand 速记，速记法17.stapler 订书机18.tardy 迟缓；迟到的；迟延的19.typist 打字员20.xerox 影印二、Personnel & Management 人事及管理 1.allocate 拨出；分配；配置2.applicant 申请人3.authorize 授权；委托4.bonus 红利；额外津贴；奖金5.capability 能力；才干；潜力；性能6.collaboration 合作；通敌7.consultation咨询；商量；商议；会议8.curriculum vitae 履历9.eligible 合格的，合适的10.employer 雇主11.executive 行政或管理人员12.income 收入或所得y off （暂时）解雇14.occupation 职业15.part-time 兼任的；兼职的16.permanent 不变的，永久的17.promote 升迁；促销18.recruit 吸收；征募19.resume 履历表20.salary 薪水Personnel & Management 人事及管理21.amateur 业余技术家；外行人；非专家 2.appoint 任命；指定 3.benefit 有益于；受益 4.candidate 候选人5.certificate 凭证；证书petent 有能力的，胜任的7.coordinate 协调；调整8.deadline 截至期限9.employee 受雇者10.evaluation 评价；估价11.expertise 专门技术或知识12.interview 会面；面谈13.novice 生手；新手；初学者14.overtime 超时15.pension 养老金；退休金16.personnel 全体人员；人事部门17.recommendation 推荐；推荐书；劝告18.resign 辞职19.retire 退休20.substitute 代理人；代用品三.Business Development 业务拓展（1）1.accrue 产生；增加2.acquisition 获得；习得 3.amplify 放大；加强；扩展 4.asset 有用的东西；优点；长处5.buyout/buy out 买进全部产权或股权；收购全部6.corporation 法人；公司7.cutback 减少；取消8.enterprise 企业9.equity 公平；公正；扣除抵押、税金后的剩余财产价值10.financier 财政家；金融业者；资本家；投资者11.franchise 经销权；加盟权（想起火箭队的Francis的外号就叫特权，原来是这么来的）呵呵unch 开办；展开；发起；开始13.monopoly 垄断；独占；专卖（这个词考试，模拟时经常遇到）14.phase 阶段15.profile 侧面象；略转；引人瞩目的状态16.proposition 提案；建议；计划17.prospectus 计划书；说明书；慕股书18.rival 竞争者；对手；匹敌者；势均力敌者(2) 竞争的19.subsidiary 子公司20.track record 过去的记录Business Development 业务拓展（2）1.acquire 获得2.affiliate 支部；分会；子公司3.assess 评估（财产价值）；评定4.benchmark 基准；水准点；标准5.carry out 执行；贯彻；完成6.cut down 削减；缩短7.embezzle 盗用；挪用；侵占（公款等）8.entrepreneur 企业家；主办人9.expand 扩张；扩大10.firm 公司；商行11.integrate 统合；整合12.merger 合并；并吞13.pending 未决定的；待决定的；即将发生14.preliminary 初步的，开始的15.propose 提议；建议16.prospect 期望或预见的事；展望；期望17.prosperity 繁荣；成功；兴隆18.scheme 计划；设计；图谋19.thrive 茂盛；兴旺；繁荣20.undervalue 低估价值；看轻四、Finance & Investment 财务及投资（1）1.account 帐目；帐单；帐户2.balance 余额；差额3.bond 债券4.chamber of commerce 商会5.credit 信任；信用；信誉；功劳；荣誉；存款数额；融资；赊销6.debt 债；债务7.deficit 赤字；亏损额8.depreciation 跌价；贬值9.devaluation 贬值10.endorse 赞同；支持；签名；背书（重点，考试时就碰到）11.exempt 被免除的；豁免的12.expense 消耗；消费13.fluctuation 波动；起伏；涨落14.gross 总共的；全部的15.inflation 物价飞涨；通货膨胀16.overdraft 透支；透支额17.profit 利润；收益；营利18.revenue 收益；岁入；税收19.stock 公债；证券；股票20.withdraw 收回；取回；撤回；提款Finance & Investment 财务及投资（2）1.accountant 会计师；会计员2.bankrupt 破产的；倒闭的 3.capital 资金；资本 4.convert 转换；改变5.currency 货币；流通；通用6.deduction 扣除；扣除额7.deposit 付押金；付保证金8.depression 不景气；忧伤；消沉；沮丧9.discrepancy 差异；不同；不一致10.estimate 估计；估价11.expenditure 消费；开销12.fiscal 财政的；会计的13.fund 基金；专款14.holding 土地；财产（常用复数）15.ledger 总帐；分类帐16.overdue 过期未付的17.remuneration 报酬；酬劳18.shareholder 股东19.stockbroker 证券和股票经纪人20.yield (1)生产量；收益(2)生产；产生五、Commerce 贸易(1)1.bid 出价；投标；喊价mercial 商业化；商用的；营利的petitor 竞争者；对手4.consolidate 结合；合并；强化；巩固5.contract 契约；合同6.corporate 全体的；团体的；公司的；法人的7.credible 可信的；可靠的8.debit 借方；借项9.earnings 薪水；工资；收益10.export 输出；出口11.haggle 讨价还价12.import 输入；进口13.invoice 发票；发货清单；完成工作的清单（明列数量和价钱）14.long-range 长期的；远程的15.stock 现货；存货16.payment 支付；付款17.quote 报价18.supply 供应品；供应物；库存19.tariff 关税20.voucher 保证人；凭证；凭单；折价券Commerce 贸易(2)1.bill of lading 提货单 modity 商品；农产品3.consignee 收件人；受托人4.consumer 消费者；顾客5.contractor 立契约人；承包商6.cost-effective 符合成本效益的7.dealer 商人；业者8.due 应付的；到期的；该发生的9.endorse 背书；支持；赞同10.forward 送到，转号11.headquarters 总公司；总部；司令部12.inventory 详细目录；清单；存货13.letter of credit 信用状14.order 汇单;订货；订单；汇票15.patent 专利；取得…的专利16.quota 定量；定额；配额17.shipment 一批货18.surplus (1)过剩的量；盈余(2)过剩的；剩余的19.trademark 注册商标20.warehouse 仓库；货价；大商店六、Business Meeting & Negotiation 商务会议及谈判(1)1、adjourn 暂时；休会；延期2、agreement 同意；协定3、amendment 修正4、approval 赞成；同意5、attentive 注意的；留心的专心的6、board 理事会；委员会；董事会7、brainstorm 脑力激荡，集思广益8、concede 容忍；容许；让步9、conference 会议；协商；讨论会10、convention 惯例；常规；习俗；会议；11、convince 使信服12、cross-reference 前后参照；（使）前后参照13、delegate 代表14、demand 要求；强求15、dispute 争端；争执；纠纷；16、negotiation 协商；谈判17、persuade 说服；劝服18、postpone 延迟；延期19、reconcile 调和；调解20、settlement 协议；支付Business Meeting & Negotiation 商务会议及谈判(2) 1、agenda 议程2、alternative 可供选择的事物、方式等3、announce 通告；宣布；宣告；公诸于众4、articulate 能清楚有力表达思想感情的；表达能力强的5、attorney律师6、breakthrough 突破；重大进展7、compromise 妥协；折衷；和解8、conclusive 决定性的；勿庸置疑的9、consensus 一致的意见；共识10、converse 谈话；交谈11、criterion 规范；标准12、decline 衰落；衰退；下降13、demonstration 示范；实证；（游行）示威14、diplomacy 外交手腕；交际手段15、dissuade 劝阻16、on behalf of 代表17、petition 请愿（书）；请愿18、premise 前提19、seminar 研讨会；讨论课；讲习会20、statement 声明；陈述七、科技及设备Technology & Equipment(1) 1.advance 前进；进展2.capacity 容量；才能；能力ponent 构成要素；成分；零件4.device 装置；设备；图案；设计5.engineer 工程师6.facilitate 促进；使（更）容易7.fuel 燃料8.generator 发电机；产生器9.innovative 创新；革新的10.inventor 发明家11.leading edge 居领先优势的12.malfunction 故障；发生故障，机能失常13.mode 样式；模式；方式；风尚；时尚14.operate 操作；运转；经营15.outlet 出口；排水口；销售店；商行；插座；销路16.portable 可携带的；轻便的17.raw material 原料18.satellite 卫星19.specification 说明；详述20.substandard 标准以下的科技及设备Technology & Equipment (2)1.automaton 自动操作装置；机器人2.cell(ular)phone 移动电话；手机3.consecutive 连续的；连贯的4.devise 设计；发明；策划 5.equipment 装备；设备 6.facility 便利的设施；设备7.gadget 小巧的机械装置；小玩意8.hands-on 实地操作的；亲身体验的9.inspect 检查；审查；视察boratory 实验室11.maintenance 维护；保养12.manual 使用手册，指南；手工的work 网络系统；广播、电视网；电脑网14.outage 电力中断；断电15.petroleum 石油16.procedure 程序；手续17.reverse 相反的；颠倒的18.solar (源自)太阳的；依太阳而运行的19.static 静电干扰；静止的；静态的；静电的20.turn down 关小（声）八、电脑computer（1）1.access 进入；接近；使用；取得2.automatically 无意识的；不自觉的；自动的3.cable 缆线；电缆pliance 顺从；服从；附和；屈从5.cutting edge 尖刻；尖锐；先锋地位尖端的6.delete 删除7.digital 数位的；数字显示的8.download 下载9.hacker 热衷电脑的人，黑客10.input 输入电脑11.Internet 国际互联网ptop 笔记本电脑13.multimedia 多媒体14.retrieval 取回；恢复15.search engine 搜索引擎16.shut down 使关闭；使停业17.state-of-the-art 使用最先进技术的；达到最高水准的18.terminology 专业术语；专有名词19.troubleshooting 检修；解决困难的20.up-to-date 最近的；最新的电脑Computer (2)1.activate 使活动；触发；激活2.browse 浏览；随便翻阅mand 指令；命令；掌握4.configuration 结构；构造；配置5.database 数据库6.desktop 桌上型的7.downgrade 降级；使降职8.floppy(disk) 软盘9.hyperlink 超链接10.install 安装；安置11.know-how 技能；专业知识；窍门12.modern 调制解调器13.omit 忽略；删除；疏忽14.scanner 扫描仪15.server 服务器16.spreadsheet 电子制表软件；电子表格17.switch 开关；骤变18.transmission 传输；传送19.upgrade 升级；提升20.virus 滤过性病毒；电脑病毒九.Business Correspondence & Advertisement 商业书信及广告（1）1.advertisement 广告2.appendix 附录3.attach 贴上；附上；附加4.campaign 战役；竞选活动；宣传活动5.cohesive 有粘着力的；有结合力的；凝聚性的6.confidential 秘密的；机密的7.correspondence 通信；信件8.dictate 口述；支配；命令9.elaborate 详尽说明；详尽的；精心制作的10.forward 转寄；发送11.inquire 调查；询问12.jot down 略记下；匆匆记下13.leaflet 传单14.notify 通知；告知15.promote 发扬；晋升；促进16.publicity 公开；宣传；尽人皆知17.response 回应18.revise 修订；修改；校订19.slogan 口号；标语20.urgent 紧急的；急迫的Business Correspondence & Advertisement 商业书信及广告（2）1.affirm 坚称；声明；断言；确认2.ASAP=as soon as possible 越快越好3.banner 标语；旗帜4.circular 广告；传单；通告position 写作；作品；作文；作曲6.convene 集合；聚集；开会7.courier 递送急件的信差；邮物专递公司8.draft 草稿；汇票9.enclose 装入；放入封套rm 通知；告知11.issue 流出；放出；发行；发布yout 规划；设计；编排13.legible （字迹）可以辨认的；易读的14.postage 邮资15.proofread 校正；校对16.regarding 关于；有关17.restate 再声明；重新叙述；（换一种方式）重说18.signature签字；签名19.stationery 文具；信纸；信笺20.write-up 报告书write up 详细写十、Travel 旅游（1）1.accommodation 适应；住所；膳宿2.boarding pass 登机牌3.brochure 小册子4.checkout 结帐退房的时间check out 办理退房；结帐离开5.confirmation 确认6.customs 海关；关税7.departure 离开；出发8.en route 在途中9.expedition 探险；远征队10.flight 飞行；航班；航程11.itinerary 行程表；旅程12.lodge 小屋；旅馆13.luxurious 奢华的；非常舒适的14.motel 汽车旅馆15.packing 包装；打包16.peak season 旺季17.reservation 预约；预订；保留18.sightseeing 观光；游览19.suite （旅馆的）套房20.valid 依法有效的；有效的Travel 旅游（2）1.baggage claim 行李提领处2.breathtaking 惊人的；惊艳的；惊险的3.carry-on 登机行李；手提行李4.concierge 管理员；门房5.cruise 乘船游览6.deluxe 豪华的；高级的7.destination 目的地8.exotic 异国风情的；异国的9.fasten 系紧；拴住；扣住10.flight attendant 空中服务员11.jet lag 时差12.luggage 行李13.metal detector 金属探测器14.overseas 在海外的，国外的（注意一般使用时都有s）15.passenger 乘客；旅客16.porter 脚夫；门房17.round-trip 来回的，双程的18.stopover 中途停留19.vacant 空的，未被占用的20.voyage 旅行；航行十一、Transportation( Air, Ocean, Land) 交通运输（空、海、陆) （ 1 ）1.accelerate 加速；促进；前进2.aircraft 飞机；飞行器；航空器3.arrival 到达；抵达4.buckle up 系安全带5.cargo 货物6.convertible 敞篷车7.crashlanding 迫降8.delay 担搁；延迟9.forbid 禁止10.ground crew 地勤人员11.jaywalk 不遵守交通规则穿越马路；闯红灯unch 发射；开始13.navigate 航行；驾驶14.pilot 飞行员15.route 路径；路线16.seat belt 安全带17.subway 地铁（注意区分highway ,freeway ,metro)18.taxicab 计程车19.transit 运输；通过20.vehicle 交通工具；车辆Transportation(Air ,Ocean ,Land) 交通运输（空、海、陆)（2）1.acrophobia 恐高症2.airliner 大型客机3.aviation 飞行；航空学4.cabin 小屋；客舱；机舱muter 通勤者6.conveyance 运输；交通工具7.crossroads 十字路口8.ferry 渡轮9.freight 货运；货物10.intersection11.jeopardy 风险；危险；危难12.life vest 救生衣13.pedestrian 行人；步行者14.restriction 限制；约束15.runway 飞机跑道16.shortcut 近路；捷径17.take off 起飞18.timetable 时间表；时刻表19.transport 运输；交通工具；运输系20.via 经由；借由十二.购物shopping (1)1.affordable 负担的起的2.bazaar 市场；集市3.client 顾客；委托人4.customer 顾客；客户 5.discount 折扣6.distributor 供应商；经销商7.expiration 终结；期满8.itemize 详细列举；分条列举test 最新的10.neon sign 霓虹灯招牌11.pickpocket 扒手12.pushcart 手推车13.receipt 收据14.reimburse 偿还；补偿15.request 请求；要求16.sample 样品；样本17.solicit 请求；恳求；祈求18.trendy 时髦的；流行的19.VIP=very important person 贵宾20.wholesale 批发的；批发地购物shopping (2)1.bargain 便宜货；廉价品2.cash register 手银机3.coupon折价券；赠奖券4.defective 有毛病的；有问题的，有瑕疵的5.display 陈列；展示品 6.drugstore 兼卖杂货的药房7.flea market 跳蚤市场bel 标签；标记9.modify 修改；变更10.patron 顾客；赞助人11.purchase 购买；购得之物12.quantity 量；数量13.refund 退款；退还；赔偿14.replacement 代替；替换15.retailer 零售商16.shopping mall 大型购物中心17.thrift 节俭；节约18.vender 小贩19.warranty 保证；保证书20.workmanship 技巧；手艺十三、Dinning out 在外就餐1.alcohol 酒精2.appetite 胃口，食欲3.artificial 人造的；仿真的4.bland 淡而无味的；温和的；无刺激性的 5.chef 主厨；大厨6.crave 渴望7.delicacy 佳肴8.digest 消化9.fragrant 有香味的；芳香的10.ingredient 成分；配料；配方11.liquor 烈酒（如威士忌）12.munch 用力嚼；大声咀嚼13.palatable 美味的；顺耳的；怡人的14.pass up 放过；错过15.portion 部分；一份16.ravenous 饥饿的；贪婪的17.refreshment 茶点18.silverware 银器；镀银餐具19.specialty 专攻；专业；专长；特制品20.starve 饿死；挨饿Dinning out 在外就餐(2)1.aperitif 饭前酒2.appetizer 开胃菜3.beverage 饮料 4.buffet 自助餐 5.chopsticks 筷子 6.cuisine 烹调7.dessert 餐后甜点8.entree 主菜9.hors d'oeuvre 开胃小菜10.leftovers 剩饭剩菜11.menu 菜单12.napkin 餐巾13.parched 焦干的；极渴的14.pastry 用面团和油酥烤成的小甜点心15.preservative 防腐剂16.recipe 食谱；烹饪法；秘诀17.seasoning调味品；佐料18.snack 小吃；点心吃点心19.spice 香料；调味品20.vegetarian 素食者十四、社交Social Contact（1）1.acceptance 接受；赞同2.acquaintance 相识但是不是很熟的人3.anniversary 周年纪念日4.associate (1)同事；伙伴(2)联想；交往5.banquet 酒席；正式的宴会mitment 承诺；许诺7.courtesy 礼貌；礼仪；好意；殷勤8.distinguished 卓越的；杰出的；著名的9.embrace 拥抱；围绕；包括10.etiquette 礼节；规范11.farewell 一路平安；再见；告别12.get-together （非正式的社交）聚会13.greeting 致敬；问候；（复数）致意；赞词14.hug 拥抱；紧抱vish 过分大方的；浪费的；丰富的16.nosy 好管闲事的；爱打听的17.offensive 令人不快的；讨厌的；冒犯的18.protocol 外交礼仪；草约19.regards 问候；致意20.salute 向……打招呼；向……行军礼；向……表示敬意社交Social Contact（2）1.acknowledge 承认；承认……之存在、权力；表示感谢2.aggressive 挑衅的；有侵略性的；有进取心的；积极的3.apologize 道歉4.attractive 引人入胜；有吸引力的；迷人的5.barrier 障碍；障碍物；隔阂pliment 赞扬；恭维7.criticize 批评；评论8.eloquent 口才好的；雄辩的9.encounter 相遇；遭遇偶然碰见；面临10.extend 延伸延续；扩大；延长；给予；提供11.favorable 令人满意的；博得赞许的；有帮助的；有利的12.gossip 闲话；流言；说闲话13.hilarious 狂欢的；令人捧腹的14.intrude 闯入；侵入；把……强加诸于15.modest 谦逊的；适度的；朴实的；端庄的16.nuisance 讨厌之人、事、物17.prompt 准时的；按时的；迅速的；立刻行动的18.quarrel 争吵；争论吵架19.run into 偶遇；碰上20.scandal 丑闻；引人愤慨之事十五、娱乐及大众传播媒体Entertainment & Mass Media1.amuse 使欢乐；使愉快；使发笑2.audience 听众；观众3.ballet 芭蕾舞4.cable TV 有线电视5.celebrity 名人；名声6.cinema 电影；影片；电影院；电影艺术；电影业poser 作曲家8.conductor 指挥家9.cue 暗示；提示10.drama 戏剧；剧本11.fare 车费；票价12.headline （报纸的）标题13.newscast 新闻广播14.periodical 杂志；期刊15.premiere 首次公演；首映16.rate 分级；分等17.scenario 戏剧的情节18.scriptwriter 剧作家；编剧19.symphony 交响曲20.ticket office 售票处娱乐及大众传播媒体Entertainment & Mass Media(2)1.applaud 鼓掌2.audition 试听；试演3.broadcast 广播；宣传4.carnival 狂欢；欢宴；嘉年华会；巡回娱乐表演 5.choreography 舞蹈设计；编舞 6.circus 马戏团7.concert 音乐会8.critic 批评家；评论家；吹毛求疵的人9.curtain call 谢幕10.editorial 社论11.finale 结局；乐曲的最后部分12.media 媒体13.performance 演出；表现；性能14.playwright 剧作家15.preview 试映；预告片16.rehearsal 预演；排练17.screen 隔板；荧幕；荧光屏18.stunt 特技；噱头19.theater 戏院；剧院20.violin 小提琴十六、运动及休闲活动Sports & Recreational Activities（1）1.aerobics 有氧运动 2.coach 教师；教练 pete 竞争；比赛 4.defeat 失败；击败5.fitness 适合；恰当；身体健康6.gym 健身房；体育馆7.league 联盟；同盟8.marathon 马拉松；耐力比赛9.mountaineering 登山运动10.participate 参与；参加11.recreation 娱乐；消遣12.relaxation 松弛；缓和；休息；娱乐13.rigor 严格；严苛；艰苦14.soccer 足球15.stadium 体育场16.stroll 散步；闲逛17.surrender （向敌人）投降；放弃18.time-out 暂停19.trophy 奖品；奖杯；战利品her 引座员；招待员运动及休闲活动Sports & Recreational Activities（2）1.billiards 撞球bative 好战的；好斗的3.default 违约；弃权4.defense 保护；防卫5.forfeit 罚款；丧失 6.intensity 强度；强烈7.leisure 空闲；闲暇时间8.massage 按摩；揉捏9.muscle 肌肉；力量12.media 媒体13.performance 演出；表现；性能14.playwright 剧作家15.preview 试映；预告片16.rehearsal 预演；排练17.screen 隔板；荧幕；荧光屏18.stunt 特技；噱头19.theater 戏院；剧院20.violin 小提琴十六、运动及休闲活动Sports & Recreational Activities（1）1.aerobics 有氧运动 2.coach 教师；教练 pete 竞争；比赛 4.defeat 失败；击败5.fitness 适合；恰当；身体健康6.gym 健身房；体育馆7.league 联盟；同盟8.marathon 马拉松；耐力比赛9.mountaineering 登山运动10.participate 参与；参加11.recreation 娱乐；消遣12.relaxation 松弛；缓和；休息；娱乐13.rigor 严格；严苛；艰苦14.soccer 足球15.stadium 体育场16.stroll 散步；闲逛17.surrender （向敌人）投降；放弃18.time-out 暂停19.trophy 奖品；奖杯；战利品her 引座员；招待员运动及休闲活动Sports & Recreational Activities（2）1.billiards 撞球bative 好战的；好斗的3.default 违约；弃权4.defense 保护；防卫5.forfeit 罚款；丧失 6.intensity 强度；强烈7.leisure 空闲；闲暇时间8.massage 按摩；揉捏9.muscle 肌肉；力量10.pastime 娱乐；消遣11.referee 裁判员；仲裁者12.replacement 代替的人或物13.rnner-up 第二名；亚军14.spectator 观众；旁观者15.stretch 伸张；伸开；伸展16.surfing 冲浪17.tactic 战略；策略（常用复数）18.tournament 比赛；锦标赛19.umpire 裁判；仲裁20.volleyball 排球十七、医疗及保险Medicine &Insurance（1）1.alleviate 减轻；缓和2.bacteria 细菌3.collision 碰撞；抵触pensation 补偿；赔偿；报偿5.contagious 接触传染的6.crash 相撞；碰撞；突然发出巨响7.emergency room 急诊室8.expiration date 有效期限9.general hospital 综合医院10.immune 免除的；豁免的；免疫的11.infection 感染12.investigator 调查员13.mandatory 命令的；强制的；义务的14.option 选择权；选择之自由；可选择的东西15.outpatient 门诊病人16.premium 奖品；额外费用；保费17.severe 严苛的；严格的；严重的18.stroke 脑血管破裂或阻塞；中风19.terms 条文；条款；付款条件；价钱20.vital 非常必要的；及其重要的；攸关生死的医疗及保险Medicine &Insurance（2）1.antibiotic 抗生素2.claim 要求；声称mission 佣金prehensive 全面的；广泛的5.coverage 报道范围；保险范围6.diagnose 诊断；判断7.excruciating 极痛苦的；极度的8.fraud 诈骗；骗局；骗子9.handicap 残障；不利条件；障碍10.indemnity 损害保障；损害赔偿11.intensive care unit 加护病房12.liable 有义务的；易于……的；倾向于……的13.nutrition 营养之供给或摄取；营养an donor 器官捐赠者15.pharmaceutical 制药的；药品的16.purification 洗净；净化17.side effect （药物之）副作用18.surgery （外科）手术19.trauma 外伤；心灵的伤20.waive 放弃；弃权十八、住房Housing（1）1.appliance 设备；器具；工具；家用电器2.burglar 窃贼；夜间入屋行窃的小偷munity 社区4.electronics 电子学5.fire extinguisher 灭火器 6.furniture 家具7.garbage disposal 垃圾处理机ndlord 地主；房东undry 洗衣店；要洗或已洗好的衣物10.lease 租约；出租；租用11.mattress 床垫12.mortgage 抵押货（借）款13.ornament 装饰品14.plumbing 水管设施15.possession 所有；个人财产16.real estate 不动产17.renovate 更新；修复；恢复18.rural 乡下；田园19.suburb （常用复数）郊区；近郊20.urban 都市的；都市式的住房Housing（2）1.balcony 阳台；包厢 2.chore 家务难事；困难繁琐无趣的工作3.down payment 头期款；预付金；定金4.fire alarm 火灾警报器5.furnishings 家具；室内陈设6.garage 车库；修车厂7.kitchenware 厨房用具.laundromat 自助洗衣店wn 草坪；草地10.loan shark 放高利贷者11.messy 杂乱的；肮脏的12.neighborhood 街坊；住宅区；临近地区13.playground 运动场；游戏场；游乐场14.porch 门廊；游廊15.property 财产；地产16.relocate 重新安置；迁徙17.residence 住所；公馆；居住18.storage 储藏；藏室19.tenant 房客；承租人；佃户20.utility 公共实业；实用十九、感觉、情绪、态度及知觉Feelings ,Emotions ,Attitudes ,&Sensations （1）1.affection 感情；钟爱 2.anticipate 预见；期待；在……之前行动；预先考虑；提前使用3.brag 自夸；吹嘘4.delighted 欣喜的；愉快的 5.detest 憎恶；痛恨；嫌恶6.disgust 作呕；厌恶；反感导致反感7.distress 悲痛；贫困；危难8.enthusiastic 热心的；狂热的9.esteem （1）好评；尊敬（2）极看重；尊重10.fascination 入迷；着迷；强烈吸引力；魅力11.gloomy 幽暗的；令人沮丧的；忧郁的；没有希望的12.impartial 不偏袒；无偏见的；公正的13.impulsive 冲动的14.irritated 被激怒的；发炎的；疼痛的15.mad 发疯的；疯狂的；着迷的；愚蠢的；生气的16.objective 目标；客观的17.panic 恐慌；使恐慌18.prejudice 偏见；歧视19.repulsive 使人反感的；令人厌恶的20.tranquility 平静的；安宁感觉、情绪、态度及知Feelings ,Emotions, Attitudes, &Sensations（2）1.ambition 雄心；野心2.attraction 吸引力；吸引人之物3.contentment 满意；满足4.despair 绝望；使人绝望的事物5.devoted 挚爱的；忠实的；热忱的6.disposition 倾向；性格；气质；性情7.elegant 高雅的；有品味的；上等的8.entice 诱惑；引诱9.fancy 精心设计的；特技的；花俏的；昂贵的10.fondness 钟爱；溺爱；嗜好；癖好11.hideous 丑的吓人；不忍睹的；丑恶的；可憎的12.impression 意念；印象；不太明确的感觉或想法13.instinct 天性；本能；直觉14.jealous 嫉妒的；羡慕的；唯恐失去的15.nasty 肮脏的；不道德的；恶毒的；令人不愉快的；严重的16.optimistic 乐观的17.perceive 感知；察觉；理会18.provoke 激怒；引起；激起19.startle 惊吓；使吓一跳20.upset 使心烦意乱；使不舒服；使失败；打翻二十、其他重要名词及动词Other important Nouns & Verbs（1）1.aspect 面貌；方向；朝向2.assumption 假定；假设3.attempt ⑴企图；攻击⑵努力尝试；企图4.call waiting 电话插播5.declaration 宣布；公布；宣言6.endeavor 努力；尽力试图；尝试7.exceed 超过；超出；超越8.identity 身份；本体；相同；同一9.implication 含义；暗示；牵连10.inspire 鼓舞；激发；引发11.intention 意图；目的12.interrupt 打断；中断13.manipulate 操作；操纵14.obstacle 障碍物；阻碍15.priority 优先权；优先考虑的事16.prohibit 禁止；防止；阻止17.reassure 使安心；使放心；使恢复信心；再保证18.remind 提醒；使想起19.sustain 维持；持续；支撑；蒙受20.undertake 承担；许诺；保证其他重要名词及动词Other important Nouns & Verbs（2）1.alter 改变；修改2.assurance 保证；担保；自信；把握3.clarify 澄清；使纯净4.discard 抛弃；丢弃5.entitle 定名；使有资格6.exhibition 展览会；表现7.impact 碰撞力；影响；行动8.incentive 鼓励；诱因9.instruct 教授；指导；下命令；指示10.interfere 妨害；扰乱；介入；干涉11.involve 使卷入；牵涉；伴随（指必然结果）12.merit 功劳；价值；优点13.permit 许可证；执照准许；许可14.proceed 着手；继续进行15.protest 抗议；反对16.register⑴登记簿；注册簿⑵记录；注册；登记姓名17.risk 风险；危险使遭受危险；冒……的危险18.submit 认输；使服从；提出19.speculate 沉思；思索；猜测；推测；投机20.verify 证明；证实；确认二十一、其他重要形容词及副词Other Important Adjectives & Adverbs（1）absurd 荒谬的；不合理的；违反常理的adequate 足够的；适当的ample 广大的；宽敞的；充足的decent 合宜的；得体的；适当的dreadful 令人恐怖的；令人害怕的exceptional 异常的；例外的；特别优秀exquisite 精细的；精美的；敏锐的；细致的farfetched 牵强的；不大可信的；不自然的in light of 按照；根据ingenious 有巧思的；有创意的；灵敏的instant 立即的；（食品）快速方便的legitimate 合法的；正当的；婚生的moderate 中等的；适度的；有节制的；温和的oblivious 遗忘的；遗忘的；不注意的；不在意的random 随便的；无目的的relevant 有关的；切题的；有实际价值或重要性的substantially 相当大的；基本上；本质的temporary 暂时的临时的unprecedented 史无前例的；空前的versatile 多才多艺的；有多种用途的其他重要形容词及副词Other Important Adjectives & Adverbs（2）accurate 准确的；正确无误的；精确的alert 警觉的；留心的；机警的；敏捷的approximately 大约；大概distinctive 与众不同的；有特色的；显著的dynamic 充满活力的；动力的excessive 过多的；过度的；过分的extraordinary 特别的；格外的；值得注意的fragile 易碎的；易损坏的；脆弱的inferior 品质差的；下等的；下级的10. initial 开始的；最初的11．irresistible 极为诱人的；无法抗拒的12．miscellaneous 不同种类的；各式各样的；混杂的13．noteworthy 值得注意的；显著的14．on and off 断断续续的；偶尔；有时15．rapid 迅速的；快速的；快的16.self-explanatory 不需要加以说明的；不言自明的17.sufficient 足够的18.ultimately 最后；最终19.vague 含糊不清的；模糊不清的20. vivid 生龙活虎的；鲜艳的；鲜明的；生动逼真的。

Research Summaryby Jun YangMy areas of interest include multimedia information retrieval, Web searching, digital library, computer vision, and multimedia database, which share a common theme – the management of multimedia data. This interest is originated from the insight that, without effective access and management tools, the pervasive and expanding multimedia information will become more frustrating and less valuable to end users. Starting from the 3rd year of my undergraduate study, I have worked in the broad area of multimedia for 4 years in 4 different research institutions, including Microsoft Visual Perception Lab of Zhejiang University, Siemens in Vienna, Austria, Microsoft Research Asia, and Dept of Computer Engineering and Information Technology at City University of Hong Kong. I have published over 15 refereed papers in international conferences and journals or as book chapters, and built several prototype systems. In this document, I summarize my research achievements by domains with reference to my representative publications.1. Multi-modal Information RetrievalThis work is motivated by the conservative “one system, one media” framework observed among existing multimedia information retrieval systems, i.e., each system can deal with only a single type of media based on a single type of knowledge (e.g., content-based image retrieval). To remedy this limitation, we advocate “one system for all” framework by proposing multi-modal information retrieval, where the keyword “multi-modal” is defined at three levels: (1) multiple types of media data (text, images, videos, etc) are retrieved in an integrated manner; (2) multiple sources of knowledge are explored; and (3) multiple retrieval approaches/techniques are employed. Two research projects along this direction are described below: • Octopus – an aggressive search mechanism for multi-modal information [1]: Octopus is a mechanism for aggressive retrieval of multi-modal data (i.e., a mixture of text, images, videos, etc) in an integrated manner. It is based on a multifaceted knowledge base constructed on a layered graph model (LGM), which describes the relevance relationships among media objects deduced from low-level features, contextual knowledge (e.g., hyperlinks), and user-system interactions. Link analysis technique, an extensively used technique in Web searching, is applied to explore the LGM to search for relevant media objects for user queries. Furthermore, an incremental relevance feedback technique is proposed to update the knowledge base by learning from user-system interactions, therefore enhancing the retrieval performance in a “hill-climbing” manner. Octopus advocates a highly flexible retrieval scenario, where users are free to submit any media (objects) as query example and receive any media (objects) as results.Our recent work has addressed the interface design [15] of Octopus.• CoSEEM – a cooperative search engine for multimedia in digital libraries[2,3]: As the predecessor of Octopus, CoSEEM is a retrieval framework for multimedia information in digital libraries.It focuses on the use of uniform semantic descriptions (keywords) to retrieve various types of media objects in an integrated manner. A learning-from-elements strategy is proposed to propagate and update descriptive keywords associated with media objects, and a cross-media search mechanism is devised to search for media objects by combining their low-level features and semantic descriptions.2. Semantics and Content based Image RetrievalDue to the “semantic gulf” between low-level features and high-level user queries, Content-based Image Retrieval (CBIR) is still of limited practicability in general settings, while its killer applications in specificdomains are yet to be found. In view of this, my research on CBIR emphasizes exploring the role of human-computer interaction to achieve semantics-based and personalized image retrieval. The specific techniques/devices that I have investigated for this general goal include lexical thesaurus [4,5], user profiling [6], graphic-theoretic model [7], and “peer indexing” [8, 9], as summarized below:• Thesaurus-aided image retrieval and browsing [4,5]: This approach explores the power of lexical thesaurus (specifically, WordNet) to support fuzzy match in keyword-based image retrieval. By examining the similarity between different keywords, our approach is able to match a keyword query with images annotated by different but relevant keywords (e.g., matching a query of “animal” with images annotated with “tiger”), which is not supported by simple keyword matching. Although WordNet has been extensively used in IR, our approach is unique in terms of a combination of semantic keywords and low-level image features for image retrieval. Moreover, we propose a dynamic semantic hierarchy, which can be automatically constructed from WordNet to support image navigation by semantic subjects.• Personalized image retrieval based on user profiling [6]: The objective of this work is towards personalized image retrieval based on a synergy of relevance feedback techniques and information filtering/recommendation techniques. Specifically, a “common profile” and a set of “user profiles” are constructed from user feedbacks to model the common knowledge and the personal views of individual users respectively. Our profile-based image retrieval approach enables “learning from others” by exploring the common profile, as well as “learning from history” by exploring user profiles. Therefore, the retrieval results generated by our approach strike the balance between matching the commonsense of the entire user community and catering for the personal interests of each individual user.• A graphic-theoretic model for image retrieval [7]: In attempt to remedy the limitation of traditional “non-memory” relevance feedback techniques, we have proposed a graphic-theoretic model for incremental relevance feedback in image retrieval. A two-layered graph model is introduced to memorize the semantic correlations (among images) progressively derived from user feedbacks, and link analysis technique is adopted to explore the graph model for image retrieval. This approach outperforms traditional approaches in both short-term (intra-session) and long-term (inter-session) performance.• Data and user-adaptive image retrieval based on “peer indexing” [8]: Peer indexing is based on an intuitive idea – indexing an image by its semantically related peer images. The peer index of an image, as a list of weighted peer images, can be acquired from user feedbacks by a suggested learning strategy.Due to the analogy between a keyword and a peer image as a “visual keyword”, mature techniques in the IR area (e.g., TF/IDF weighting scheme, cosine similarity metric) are applied to image retrieval based on peer indexing in cooperation with low-level image features. Our recent work along this direction has focused on data and user-adaptive image retrieval [9] by applying two-level peer indexing.3. Vector-based Media (Flash™) ManagementRecent years witness the phenomenal growth of Flash, a new format of vector-based animation set forth by Macromedia Inc., which has over 440 million of viewers worldwide. This remarkable popularity justifies the need of investigating the management issues of Flash, which are critical to the better utilization of the enormous Flash resource but unfortunately overlooked by the research community. We therefore propose FLAME [10,11], namely FL ash A ccess and M anagement E nvironment, which covers a variety of management issues of Flash animations.Currently, FLAME consists of three functional components, including (1) content-based retrieval component, which addresses the indexing, retrieval, and query specification of Flash animations by exploringtheir content characteristics on their embedded media ingredients, spatio-temporal features, and user interactions; (2) classification component, which automatically classifies Flash animations into pre-defined categories, such as MTV, commercial advertisement, cartoon, e-postcard, based on their content characteristics; and (3) segmentation component, which partitions long Flash animations into shot/scene structures defined similarly to their counterparts in video segmentation. Further issues to be explored under FLAME include Flash search engine, copyright protection, and sample-based Flash authoring.4. Multimedia DatabaseMy primary goal in this area is to apply database technology to address the efficiency and scalability problem that plagues data-intensive multimedia information systems. One specific problem is the “semantic gap” between semantics-intensive multimedia applications and conventional databases, which are inadequate to model the context-dependent semantics of multimedia data. We have managed to propose MediaView [12,13] as an extended object-oriented view mechanism to bridge this semantic gap. Specifically, this mechanism captures the dynamic semantics of multimedia using a modeling construct named media view, which formulates a customized context where heterogeneous media objects with related semantics are characterized by semantic properties and relationships.Another proposal is a self-adaptive semantic schema mechanism (SSM) for multimedia databases [14]. The SSM is implemented based on an object-oriented data model, in which classes are organized into a semantic hierarchy. As its unique feature, SSM supports adaptive evolution of a schema in the form of expansion with new classes and/or compaction by removing inefficient classes, when the conditions of predefined ECA-rules are satisfied. This self-adaptive evolution strategy allows a data schema to be automatically optimized for each particular multimedia application, (esp. multimedia retrieval systems), thereby achieving a dynamic, application-specific balance between modeling capability and efficiency.5. Video-based Human AnimationTo overcome the shortcomings of conventional human animation techniques, we have proposed a video-based human animation approach [16]. Given a video clip containing human motion, we first recognize and track the human joints with the aid of Kalman filter and morph-block matching in a sequence of video frames. From the recognized human joints, we construct the corresponding 3-D human motion skeleton sequence under the perspective projection, using camera calibration techniques and human anatomy knowledge. Finally, a motion library is established by annotating multiform motion attributes, which can be browsed and queried by animators. This approach has the advantages of rich source materials, low computational cost, efficient production, and realistic animation result.6. Video SegmentationSegmentation of video clips serves as the basis of video indexing and retrieval. We have developed a prototype system for parsing video clips, especially news videos, into a sequence of shots and scenes. The shot boundaries are detected by examining the difference between the color histograms of consecutive frames using “twin-comparison” algorithm, which is robust in detecting gradual transitions (zoom, fade in/out, dissolve, etc). Particularly, for news videos with a prior model of the temporal video structure, we group the segmented shots into higher-level units such as news stories, weather forecast, and commercials. Reference:1. Jun Yang, Qing Li, Yueting Zhuang, “Octopus: Aggressive Search of Multi-Modality Data Using Multifaceted KnowledgeBase”, Proc. of 11th Int'l Conf. on World Wide Web, pp.54-64, Hawaii, USA, May, 2002.2. Jun Yang, Yueting Zhuang, Qing Li, “Search for Multi-Modality Data in Digital Libraries”, Proc. of 2nd IEEE Pacific-RimConf. on Multimedia, pp. 482-489, Beijing, China, 2001.3. Jun Yang, Yueting Zhuang, Qing Li, “Multi-Modal Retrieval for Multimedia Digital Libraries: Issues, Architecture, andMechanisms”, Proc. of Int'l Workshop on Multimedia Information Systems, pp. 81-88, Capri, Italy, 2001.4. Jun Yang, Liu Wenyin, Hongjiang Zhang, Yueting Zhuang, “Thesaurus-aided Approach for Image Retrieval and Browsing”,Proc. of 2nd IEEE Int'l Conf. on Multimedia and Expo, pp. 313-316. Tokyo, Japan, 2001.5. Jun Yang, Liu Wenyin, Hongjiang Zhang, Yueting Zhuang, “An Approach to Semantics-based Image Retrieval andBrowsing”, Proc. of 7th Int’ l Conference on Distributed Multimedia Systems, Taiwan, 2001.6. Qing Li, Jun Yang, Yueting Zhuang, “Web-based Multimedia Retrieval: Balancing out between Common Knowledge andPersonalized Views”, Proc. of 2nd Int'l Conf. on Web Information System Engineering, pp. 92-101, Kyoto, Japan, 2001.7. Yueting Zhuang, Jun Yang, Qing Li, “A Graphic-Theoretic Model for Incremental Relevance Feedback in Image Retrieval”,Proc. of 2002 Int'l Conf. on Image Processing, New York, Sep., 2002.8. Jun Yang, Qing Li, Yueting Zhuang, "Image Retrieval and Relevance Feedback using Peer Indexing", Proc. of 2002 IEEEInt'l Conf. on Multimedia and Expo, Lausanne, Switzerland, Aug, 2002.9. Jun Yang, Qing Li, Yueting Zhuang, "Modeling Data and User Characteristics by Peer Indexing in Content-based ImageRetrieval", The 9th Int'l Conf. on Multimedia Modeling, Taiwan, 2003. (accepted)10. Jun Yang, Qing Li, Liu Wenyin, Yueting Zhuang, "Search for Flash Movies on the Web", Proc. of the 3rd Int'l Conf. on WebInformation Systems Engineering, workshop on Mining for Enhanced Web Search, Singapore, 2002.11. Jun Yang, Qing Li, Liu Wenyin, Yueting Zhuang, "FLAME: A Generic Framework for Content-based FlashRetrieval", Proc. of the 4th Int'l Workshop on Multimedia Information Retrieval, in conjunction with ACM Multimedia 2002, Juan-les-Pins, France, 2002.12. Qing Li, J un Yang, Yueting Zhuang, "MediaView: A Semantic View Mechanism for Multimedia Modeling", Proc. of the3rd IEEE Pacific-Rim Conf. on Multimedia, Taiwan, Dec. 2002. (accepted)13. Qing Li, Jun Yang, Yueting Zhuang, “Chapter 9: A Semantic Data Modeling Mechanism for Multimedia Databases”, inMultimedia Information Retrieval and Management, edited by Hong-jiang Zhang, etc.14. Jun Yang, Qing Li, and Yueting Zhuang, "A Self-adaptive Semantic Schema Mechanism for Multimedia Databases", SPIEPhotonics Asia: Electronic Imaging and Multimedia Technology III, pp.69-79, Proc. vol. 4926, Shanghai, China, Oct. 2000.15. Jun Yang, Qing Li, Yueting Zhuang, "A Multimodal Information Retrieval System: Mechanism and Interface", IEEE Trans.on Multimedia (submitted).16. Zhuang Yueting, Liu xiaoming, Pan Yunhe, Yang Jun, "Human Three Dimension Motion Skeleton Reconstruction ofMotion Image Sequence", Journal of Computer-aided Design & Computer Graphics, 12(4), 245-251, 2002. (in Chinese)。

办公室事宜Office matters（1）1.appointment 约会，约定2.attendance 出席人数；出席3.cabinet 橱柜4.calendar 日历；月历；行事历5.clerk 办事员，书记6.directory 人名住址薄7.duplicte 复制；副本8.filing 归档9.in-tray 待处理文件盒10.monitor 检测；监视；追踪11.out-tray 已处理文件盒12.partition 分隔；分隔物（如墙壁等）13.postage 邮费14.puncturalit 准时；守时15.schedule 时间表；计划表16.shift 换班；轮班；值班17.staff 全体职员18.strike 罢工19.task 工作，任务20.work force 工作人员；劳动人口办公室事宜Office matters（2）1.assignment 分配；工作，分派2.bulletin 公报；告示；定期报告书3.calculator 计算器4.carbon copy 用复写纸复制的副本5.collegue 同事，同僚6.document 文件，证件7.extension 分机（电话）；延期8.intercom 对讲机9.memo 便条；便笺；备忘录10.operator 接线生11.overtime 加班的时间12.portfolio 作品夹，公事包13.printed matter 印刷品14.receptionist 接待员15.secretary 秘书16.shorthand 速记，速记法17.stapler 订书机18.tardy 迟缓；迟到的；迟延的19.typist 打字员20.xerox 影印Personner&Management 人事及管理11.allocate 拨出；分配；配置2.applicant 申请人3.authorize 授权；委托4.bonus 红利；额外津贴；奖金5.capability 能力；才干；潜力；性能6.collaboration 合作；通敌7.consultation 咨询；商量；商议；会议8.curriculum vitae 履历9.eligible 合格的，合适的10.emplyer 雇主11.executive 行政或管理人员12.income 收入或所得y off （暂时）解雇14.occupation 职业15.part-time 兼任的；兼职的16.permanent 不变的，永久的17.promote 升迁；促销18.recruit 吸收；征募19.resume 履历表20.salary 薪水Personnel&Management 人事及管理21.amateur 业余技术家；外行人；非专家2.appoint 任命；指定3.benefit 有益于；受益4.candidate 候选人5.certificate 凭证；证书petent 有能力的，胜任的7.coordinate 协调；调整8.deadline 截至期限9.employee 受雇者10.evaluation 评价；估价11.expertise 专门技术或知识12.interview 会面；面谈13.novice 生手；新手；初学者14.overtime 超时15.pension 养老金；退休金16.personnel 全体人员；人事部门17.recommendation 推荐；推荐书；劝告18.resign 辞职19.retire 退休20.substitute 代理人；代用品Business Development 业务拓展（1）1.accrue 产生；增加2.acquisiton 获得；习得3.amplify 放大；加强；扩展4.asset 有用的东西；优点；长处5.buyout/buy out 买进全部产权或股权6.corporation 法人；公司7.cutback 减少；取消8.enterprise 企业9.equity 公平；公正；扣除抵押、税金后的剩余财产价值10.financier 金融业者；资本家；投资者11.franchise 经销权；加盟权12. lauch 开办；展开；发起；开始13.monopoly 垄断；独占；专卖（这个词考试，模拟时经常遇到）14.phase 阶段15.profile 侧面象；略转；引人瞩目的状态16.proposition 提案；建议；计划17.prospectus 计划书；说明书；慕股书18.rival 竞争者；对手；势均力敌者(2) 竞争的19.subsidiary 子公司20.track record 过去的记录Business Development 业务拓展（2）1.acquire 获得2.affiliate 支部；分会；子公司3.assess 评估（财产价值）；评定4.benchmark 基准；水准点；标准5.carry out 执行；贯彻；完成6.cut down 削减；缩短7.embezzle 盗用；挪用；侵占（公款等）8.entrepreneur 企业家；主办人9.expand 扩张；扩大10.firm 公司；商行11.integrate 统合；整合12.merger 合并；并吞13.pengding 未决定的；待决定的；即将发生14.preliminary 初步的，开始的15.propose 提议；建议16.prospect 期望或预见的事；展望；期望17.prosperity 繁荣；成功；兴隆18.scheme 计划；设计；图谋19.thrive 茂盛；兴旺；繁荣20.undervalue 低估价值；看轻Finance & Investment 财务及投资（1）1.account 帐目；帐单；帐户2.balance 余额；差额3.bond 债券4.chamber of commerce 商会5.credit 信任；信用；信誉；功劳；荣誉；存款数额；融资；赊销6.debt 债；债务7.deficit 赤字；亏损额8.depreciation 跌价；贬值9.devaluation 贬值10.endorse 赞同；支持；签名；背书（重点，考试时就碰到）11.exempt 被免除的；豁免的12.expense 消耗；消费13.fluctuation 波动；起伏；涨落14.gross 总共的；全部的15.inflation 物价飞涨；通货膨胀16.overdraft 透支；透支额17.profit 利润；收益；营利18.revenue 收益；岁入；税收19.stock 公债；证券；股票20.withdrawl 收回；取回；撤回；提款Finance & Investment 财务及投资（2）1.accountant 会计师；会计员2.bankrupt 破产的；倒闭的3.capital 资金；资本4.convert 转换；改变5.currency 货币；流通；通用6.deduction 扣除；扣除额7.deposit 付押金；付保证金8.depression 不景气；忧伤；消沉；沮丧9.discrepancy 差异；不同；不一致10.estimate 估计；估价11.expenditure 消费；开销12.fiscal 财政的；会计的13.fund 基金；专款14.holding 土地；财产（常用复数）15.ledger 总帐；分类帐16.overdue 过期未付的17.remuneration 报酬；酬劳18.shareholder 股东19.stockbroker 证券和股票经纪人20.yield (1)生产量；收益(2)生产；产生Commerce 贸易(1)1.bid 出价；投标；喊价mercial 商业化；商用的；营利的petitor 竞争者；对手4.consolidate 结合；合并；强化；巩固5.contract 契约；合同6.corporate 全体的；团体的；公司的；法人的7.credible 可信的；可靠的8.debit 借方；借项9.earnings 薪水；工资；收益10.export 输出；出口11.haggle 讨价还价12.import 输入；进口13.invoice 发票；发货清单；完成工作的清单（明列数量和价钱）14.long-range 长期的；远程的15.stock 现货；存货16.payment 支付；付款17.quote 报价18.supply 供应品；供应物；库存19.tariff 关税20.voucher 保证人；凭证；凭单；折价券Commerce 贸易(2)1.bill of lading 提货单modity 商品；农产品3.consignee 收件人；受托人4.consumer 消费者；顾客5.contractor 立契约人；承包商6.cost-effective 符合成本效益的7.dealer 商人；业者8.due 应付的；到期的；该发生的9.endorse 背书；支持；赞同10.forward 送到，转号11.headquarters 总公司；总部；司令部12.inventory 详细目录；清单；存货13.letter of credit 信用状14.order 汇单;订货；订单；汇票15.patent 专利；取得…的专利16.quota 定量；定额；配额17.shipment 一批货18.surplus (1)过剩的量；盈余(2)过剩的；剩余的19.trademark 注册商标20.warehouse 仓库；货价；大商店Business Meeting & Negotiation (1)1、adjourn 暂时；休会；延期2、agreement 同意；协定3、amendment 修正4、approval 赞成；同意5、attentive 注意的；留心的专心的6、board 理事会；委员会；董事会7、brainstorm 脑力激荡，集思广益8、concede 容忍；容许；让步9、conference 会议；协商；讨论会10、convention 惯例；常会议；大会11、convince 使信服12、cross-reference 前后参照；（使）前后参照13、delegate 代表14、demand 要求；强求15、dispute 争端；争执；纠纷；16、negotiation 协规；习俗；商；谈判17、persuade 说服；劝服18、postpone 延迟；延期19、reconcile 调和；调解20、settlement 协议；支付Business Meeting & Negotiation (2)1、agenda 议程2、alternative 可供选择的事物、方式等3、announce 通告；宣布；宣告；公诸于众4、articulate 能清楚表达思想感情的；表达能力强的5、attorney 律师6、breakthrough 突破；重大进展7、compromise 妥协；折衷；和解8、conclusive 决定性的；勿庸置疑的9、consensus 一致的意见；共识10、converse 谈话；交谈11、criterion 规范；标准12、decline 衰落；衰退；下降13、demonstration 示范；实证；（游行）示威14、diplomacy 外交手腕；交际手段15、dissuade 劝阻16、on behalf of 代表17、petition 请愿（书）；请愿18、premise 前提19、seminar 研讨会；讨论课；讲习会20、statement 声明；陈述科技及设备Technology & Equipment (1)1.advance 前进；进展2.capacity 容量；才能；能力ponent 构成要素；成分；零件4.device 装置；设备；图案；设计5.engineer 工程师6.facilitate 促进；使（更）容易7.fuel 燃料8.generator 发电机；产生器9.innovative 创新；革新的10.inventor 发明家11.leading edge 居领先优势的12.malfunction 故障；发生故障，机能失常13.mode 样式；模式；方式；风尚；时尚14.operate 操作；运转；经营15.outlet 出口；排水口；销售店；商行；插座；销路16.portable 可携带的；轻便的17.raw material 原料18.satellite 卫星19.specification 说明；详述20.substandard 标准以下，不合规格的；次等的科技及设备Technology & Equipment (2)1.automaton 自动操作装置；机器人2.cell(ular)phone 移动电话；手机3.consecutive 连续的；连贯的4.devise 设计；发明；策划5.equipment 装备；设备6.facility 便利的设施；设备7.gadget 小巧的机械装置；小玩意8.hands-on 实地操作的；亲身体验的9.inspect 检查；审查；视察boratory 实验室11.maintenance 维护；保养12.manual 使用手册，指南；手工的work 网络系统；广播、电视网；电脑网14.outage 电力中断；断电15.petroleum 石油16.procedure 程序；手续17.reverse 相反的；颠倒的18.solar (源自)太阳的；依太阳而运行的19.static 静电干扰；静止的；静态的；静电的20.turn down 关小（声）电脑computer（1）1.access 进入；接近；使用；取得2.automatically 无意识的；不自觉的；自动的3.cable 缆线；电缆pliance 顺从；服从；附和；屈从5.cutting edge 尖刻；尖锐；先锋地位尖端的6.delete 删除7.digital 数位的；数字显示的8.download 下载9.hacker 热衷电脑的人，黑客10.input 输入电脑11.Internet 国际互联网ptop 笔记本电脑13.multimedia 多媒体14.retrieval 取回；恢复15.searchi engine 搜索引擎16.shut down 使关闭；使停业17.state-of-the-art 使用最先进技术的；达到最高水准的18.terminology 专业术语；专有名词19.troubleshooting 检修；解决困难的20.up-to-date 最近的；最新的电脑Computer (2)1.activate 使活动；触发；激活2.browse 浏览；随便翻阅mand 指令；命令；掌握4.configuration 结构；构造；配置5.database 数据库6.desktop 桌上型的7.downgrade 降级；使降职8.floppy(disk) 软盘9.hyperlink 超链接10.install 安装；安置11.know-how 技能；专业知识；窍门12.modern 调制解调器13.omit 忽略；删除；疏忽14.scanner 扫描仪15.server 服务器16.spreadsheet 电子制表软件；电子表格17.switch 开关；骤变18.tansmission 传输；传送19.upgrade 升级；提升20.virus 滤过性病毒；电脑病毒Business Correspondence & Advertisement 商业书信及广告（1）1.advertisement 广告2.appendix 附录3.attach 贴上；附上；附加4.campaign 战役；竞选活动；宣传活动5.cohesive 有粘着力的；有结合力的；凝聚性的6.confidential 秘密的；机密的7.correspondence 通信；信件8.dictate 口述；支配；命令9.elaborate 详尽说明；详尽的；精心制作的10.forward 转寄；发送11.inquire 调查；询问12.jot down 略记下；匆匆记下13.leaflet 传单14.notify 通知；告知15.promote 发扬；晋升；促进16.publicity 公开；宣传；尽人皆知17.response 回应18.revise 修订；修改；校订19.slogan 口号；标语20.urgent 紧急的；急迫的Business Correspondence & Advertisement 商业书信及广告（2）1.affirm 坚称；声明；断言；确认2.ASAP=as soon as possible 越快越好3.banner 标语；旗帜4.circular 广告；传单；通告position 写作；作品；作文；作曲6.convene 集合；聚集；开会7.courier 递送急件的信差；邮物专递公司8.draft 草稿；汇票9.enclose 装入；放入封套rm 通知；告知11.issue 流出；放出；发行；发布yout 规划；设计；编排13.legible （字迹）可以辨认的；易读的14.postage 邮资15.proofread 校正；校对16.regarding 关于；有关17.restate 再声明；重新叙述；（换一种方式）重说18.signature 签字；签名19.stationery 文具；信纸；信笺20.write-up 报告书write up 详细写Travel 旅游（1）1.accommodation 适应；住所；膳宿2.boarding pass 登机牌3.brochure 小册子4.checkout 结帐退房的时间check out 办理退房；结帐离开5.confirmation 确认6.customs 海关；关税7.departure 离开；出发8.en route 在途中9.expedition 探险；远征队10.flight 飞行；航班；航程11.itinerary 行程表；旅程12.lodge 小屋；旅馆13.luxurious 奢华的；非常舒适的14.motel 汽车旅馆15.packing 包装；打包16.peak season 旺季17.reservation 预约；预订；保留18.sightseeing 观光；游览19.suite （旅馆的）套房20.valid 依法有效的；有效的Travel 旅游（2）1.baggage claim 行李提领处2.breathtaking 惊人的；惊艳的；惊险的3.carry-on 登机行李；手提行李4.concierge 管理员；门房5.cruise 乘船游览6.deluxe 豪华的；高级的7.destination 目的地8.exotic 异国风情的；异国的9.fasten 系紧；拴住；扣住10.flight attendant 空中服务员11.jet lag 时差12.luggage 行李13.metal detector 金属探测器14.overseas 在海外的，国外的（注意一般使用时都有s）15.passenger 乘客；旅客16.porter 脚夫；门房17.round-trip 来回的，双程的18.stopover 中途停留19.vacant 空的，未被占用的20.voyage 旅行；航行Transportation交通运输（1）1.accelerate 加速；促进；前进2.aircraft 飞机；飞行器；航空器3.arrival 到达；抵达4.buckle up 系安全带5.cargo 货物6.convertible 敞篷车7.crash landing 迫降8.delay 担搁；延迟9.forbid 禁止10.ground crew 地勤人员11.jaywalk 不遵守交通规则穿越马路；闯红灯unch 发射；开始13.navigate 航行；驾驶14.pilot 飞行员15.route 路径；路线16.seat belt 安全带17.subway 地铁18.taxicab 计程车19.transit 运输；通过20.vehicle 交通工具；车辆Transportation交通运输（2）1.acrophobia 恐高症2.airliner 大型客机3.aviation 飞行；航空学4.cabin 小屋；客舱；机舱muter 通勤者6.converance 运输；交通工具7.crossroads 十字路口8.ferry 渡轮9.freight 货运；货物10.intersection11.jeopardy 风险；危险；危难12.life vest 救生衣13.pedestrian 行人；步行者14.restriction 限制；约束15.runway 飞机跑道16.shortcut 近路；捷径17.take off 起飞18.timetable 时间表；时刻表19.transport 运输；交通工具；运输系20.via 经由；借由购物shopping (1)1.affordable 负担的起的2.bazaar 市场；集市3.client 顾客；委托人4.customer 顾客；客户5.discount 折扣6.distributor 供应商；经销商7.expiration 终结；期满8.itemize 详细列举；分条列举test 最新的10.neon sign 霓虹灯招牌11.pickpocket 扒手12.pushcart 手推车13.receipt 收据14.reimburse 偿还；补偿15.request 请求；要求16.sample 样品；样本17.solicit 请求；恳求；祈求18.trendy 时髦的；流行的19.VIP=very important person 贵宾20.wholesale 批发的；批发地购物shopping (2)1.bargain 便宜货；廉价品2.cash register 手银机3.coupon 折价券；赠奖券4.defective 有毛病的；有问题的，有瑕疵的5.display 陈列；展示品6.drugstore 兼卖杂货的药房7.flea market 跳蚤市场bel 标签；标记9.modify 修改；变更10.patron 顾客；赞助人11.purchase 购买；购得之物12.quantity 量；数量13.refund 退款；退还；赔偿14.replacement 代替；替换15.retailer 零售商16.shopping mall 大型购物中心17.thrift 节俭；节约18.vender 小贩19.warranty 保证；保证书20.workmanship 技巧；手艺Dinning out 在外就餐(1)1.alcohol 酒精2.appetite 胃口，食欲3.artificial 人造的；仿真的4.bland 淡而无味的；温和的；无刺激性的5.chef 主厨；大厨6.crave 渴望7.delicacy 佳肴8.digest 消化9.fragrant 有香味的；芳香的10.ingredient 成分；配料；配方11.liquor 烈酒（如威士忌）12.munch 用力嚼；大声咀嚼13.palatable 美味的；顺耳的；怡人的14.pass up 放过；错过15.portion 部分；一份16.ravenous 饥饿的；贪婪的17.refreshment 茶点18.silverware 银器；镀银餐具19.specialty 专攻；专业；专长；特制品20.starve 饿死；挨饿Dinning out 在外就餐(2)1.aperitif 饭前酒2.appetizer 开胃菜3.beverage 饮料4.buffet 自助餐5.chopsticks 筷子6.cuisine 烹调7.dessert 餐后甜点8.entree 主菜9.hors d'oeuvre 开胃小菜10.leftovers 剩饭剩菜11.menu 菜单12.napkin 餐巾13.parched 焦干的；极渴的14.pastry 用面团和油酥烤成的小甜点心15.preservative 防腐剂16.recipe 食谱；烹饪法；秘诀17.seasoning 调味品；佐料18.snack 小吃；点心吃点心19.spice 香料；调味品20.vegetarian 素食者社交Social Contact（1）1.acceptance 接受；赞同2.acquaintance 相识但是不是很熟的人3.anniversary 周年纪念日4.associate (1)同事；伙伴(2)联想；交往5.banquet 酒席；正式的宴会mitment 承诺；许诺7.courtesy 礼貌；礼仪；好意；殷勤8.distinguished 卓越的；杰出的；著名的9.embrace 拥抱；围绕；包括10.etiquette 礼节；规范11.farewell 一路平安；再见；告别12.get-together （非正式的社交）聚会13.greeting 致敬；问候；（复数）致意；赞词14.hug 拥抱；紧抱vish 过分大方的；浪费的；丰富的16.nosy 好管闲事的；爱打听的17.offensive 令人不快的；讨厌的；冒犯的18.protocol 外交礼仪；草约19.regards 问候；致意20.salute 向…打招呼；向…行军礼；向…表示敬意社交Social Contact（2）1.acknowledge 承认；承认…存在、权力；感谢2.aggressive 挑衅的；有侵略性的；有进取心的3.apologize 道歉4.attractive 引人入胜；有吸引力的；迷人的5.barrier 障碍；障碍物；隔阂pliment 赞扬；恭维7.criticize 批评；评论8.eloquent 口才好的；雄辩的9.encounter 相遇；遭遇偶然碰见；面临10.extend 延伸延续；扩大；延长；给予；提供11.favorable 令人满意的；博得赞许的；有帮助的；有利的12.gossip 闲话；流言；说闲话13.hilarious 狂欢的；令人捧腹的14.intrude 闯入；侵入；把……强加诸于15.modest 谦逊的；适度的；朴实的；端庄的16.nuisance 讨厌之人、事、物17.prompt 准时的；按时的；迅速的18.quarrel 争吵；争论吵架19.run into 偶遇；碰上20.scandal 丑闻；引人愤慨之事Entertainment & Mass Media(1)1.amuse 使欢乐；使愉快；使发笑2.audience 听众；观众3.ballet 芭蕾舞4.cable TV 有线电视5.celebrity 名人；名声6.cinema影片；电影院；电影艺术；电影业poser 作曲家8.conductor 指挥家9.cue 暗示；提示10.drama 戏剧；剧本11.fare 车费；票价12.headline （报纸的）标题13.newscast 新闻广播14.periodical 杂志；期刊15.premiere 首次公演；首映16.rate 分级；分等17.scenario 戏剧的情节18.scripwriter 剧作家；编剧19.symphony 交响曲20.ticket office 售票处Entertainment & Mass Media(2)1.applaud 鼓掌2.audition 试听；试演3.broadcast 广播；宣传4.carnival 狂欢；欢宴；嘉年华会；巡回娱乐表演5.choreography 舞蹈设计；编舞6.circus 马戏团7.concert 音乐会8.critic 批评家；评论家；吹毛求疵的人9.curtain call 谢幕10.editorial 社论11.finale 结局；乐曲的最后部分12.media 媒体13.performance 演出；表现；性能14.playwright 剧作家15.preview 试映；预告片16.rehearsal 预演；排练17.screen 隔板；荧幕；荧光屏18.stunt 特技；噱头19.teater 戏院；剧院20.violin 小提琴Sports & Recreational Activities（1）1.aerobics 有氧运动2.coach 教师；教练pete 竞争；比赛4.defeat 失败；击败5.fitness 适合；恰当；身体健康6.gym 健身房；体育馆7.league 联盟；同盟8.marathon 马拉松；耐力比赛9.mountaineering 登山运动10.participate 参与；参加11.recreation 娱乐；消遣12.relaxation 松弛；缓和；休息；娱乐13.rigor 严格；严苛；艰苦14.soccer 足球15.stadium 体育场16.stroll 散步；闲逛17.surrender （向敌人）投降；放弃18.time-out 暂停19.trophy 奖品；奖杯；战利品her 引座员；招待员Sports & Recreational Activities（2）1.billiards 撞球bative 好战的；好斗的3.default 违约；弃权4.defense 保护；防卫5.forfeit 罚款；丧失6.intensity 强度；强烈7.leisure 空闲；闲暇时间8.massage 按摩；揉捏9.muscle 肌肉；力量10.pastime 娱乐；消遣11.referee 裁判员；仲裁者12.replacement 代替的人或物13.rnner-up 第二名；亚军14.spectator 观众；旁观者15.stretch 伸张；伸开；伸展16.surfing 冲浪17.tactic 战略；策略（常用复数）18.tournament 比赛；锦标赛19.umpire 裁判；仲裁20.volleyball 排球医疗及保险Medicine &Insurance（1）1.alleviate 减轻；缓和2.bacteria 细菌3.collision 碰撞；抵触pensation 补偿；赔偿；报偿5.contagious 接触传染的6.crash 相撞；碰撞；突然发出巨响7.emergency room 急诊室8.expiration date 有效期限9.general hospital 综合医院10.immune 免除的；豁免的；免疫的11.infection 感染12.investigator 调查员13.mandatory 命令的；强制的；义务的14.option 选择权；选择之自由；可选择的东西15.outpatient 门诊病人16.premium 奖品；额外费用；保费17.severe 严苛的；严格的；严重的18.stroke 脑血管破裂或阻塞；中风19.terms 条文；条款；付款条件；价钱20.vital 非常必要的；及其重要的；攸关生死的医疗及保险Medicine &Insurance（2）1.antibiotic 抗生素2.claim 要求；声称mission 佣金prehensive 全面的；广泛的5.coverage 报道范围；保险范围6.diagnose 诊断；判断7.excruciating 极痛苦的；极度的8.fraud 诈骗；骗局；骗子9.handicap 残障；不利条件；障碍10.indemnity 损害保障；损害赔偿11.intensive care unit 加护病房12.liable 有义务的；易于……的；倾向于……的13.nutrition 营养之供给或摄取；营养an donor 器官捐赠者15.pharmaceutical 制药的；药品的16.purification 洗净；净化17.side effect （药物之）副作用18.surgery （外科）手术19.trauma 外伤；心灵的伤20.waive 放弃；弃权住房Housing（1）1.appliance 设备；器具；工具；家用电器2.burglar 窃贼；夜间入屋行窃的小偷munity 社区4.electronics 电子学5.fire extinguisher 灭火器6.furniture 家具7.garbage disposal 垃圾处理机ndlord 地主；房东undry 洗衣店；要洗或已洗好的衣物10.lease 租约；出租；租用11.mattress 床垫12.mortgage 抵押货（借）款13.ornament 装饰品14.plumbing 水管设施15.possession 所有；个人财产16.real estate 不动产17.renovate 更新；修复；恢复18.rural 乡下；田园19.suburb （常用复数）郊区；近郊20.urban 都市的；都市式的住房Housing（2）1.balcony 阳台；包厢2.chore 家务难事；困难繁琐无趣的工作3.down payment 头期款；预付金；定金4.fire alarm 火灾警报器5.furnishings 家具；室内陈设6.garage 车库；修车厂7.kitchenware 厨房用具undromat 自助洗衣店wn 草坪；草地10.loan shark 放高利贷者11.messy 杂乱的；肮脏的12.neighborhood 街坊；住宅区；临近地区13.playground 运动场；游戏场；游乐场14.porch 门廊；游廊15.property 财产；地产16.relocate 重新安置；迁徙17.residence 住所；公馆；居住18.storage 储藏；藏室19.tenant 房客；承租人；佃户20.utility 公共实业；实用Feelings,Emotions, Sensations（1）1.affection 感情；钟爱2.anticipate 预见；期待；在…之前行动；预先考虑；提前使用3.brag 自夸；吹嘘4.delighted 欣喜的；愉快的5.detest 憎恶；痛恨；嫌恶6.disgust 作呕；厌恶；反感导致反感7.distress 悲痛；贫困；危难8.enthusiastic 热心的；狂热的9.esteem （1）好评；尊敬（2）极看重；尊重10.fascination 入迷；着迷；强烈吸引力；魅力11.gloomy 幽暗的；令人沮丧忧郁的；无希望的12.impartial 不偏袒；无偏见的；公正的13.impulsive 冲动的14.irritated 被激怒的；发炎的；疼痛的15.mad 发疯的；着迷的；愚蠢的；生气的16.objective 目标；客观的17.panic 恐慌；使恐慌18.prejudice 偏见；歧视19.repulsive 使人反感的；令人厌恶的20.tranquility 平静的；安宁Feelings,Emotions, Sensations（2）1.ambition 雄心；野心2.attraction 吸引力；吸引人之物3.contentment 满意；满足4.despair 绝望；使人绝望的事物5.devoted 挚爱的；忠实的；热忱的6.disposition 倾向；性格；气质；性情7.elegant 高雅的；有品味的；上等的8.entice 诱惑；引诱9.fancy 精心设计的；特技的；花俏的；昂贵的10.fondness 钟爱；溺爱；嗜好；癖好11.hideous 丑的吓人；丑恶的；可憎的12.impression 意念；印象；不太明确的感觉13.instinct 天性；本能；直觉14.jealous 嫉妒的；羡慕的；唯恐失去的15.nasty 肮脏的；不道德的；恶毒的；令人不愉快的；严重的16.optimistic 乐观的17.perceive 感知；察觉；理会18.provoke 激怒；引起；激起19.startle 惊吓；使吓一跳20.upset 使心烦意乱；使不舒服；使失败；打翻Other important Nouns & Verbs（1）1.aspect 面貌；方向；朝向2.assumption 假定；假设3.attempt ⑴企图；攻击⑵努力尝试；企图4.call waiting 电话插播5.declaration 宣布；公布；宣言6.endeavor 努力；尽力试图；尝试7.exceed 超过；超出；超越8.identity 身份；本体；相同；同一9.implication 含义；暗示；牵连10.inspire 鼓舞；激发；引发11.intention 意图；目的12.interrupt 打断；中断13.manipulate 操作；操纵14.obstacle 障碍物；阻碍15.priority 优先权；优先考虑的事16.prohibit 禁止；防止；阻止17.ressure 使安心；使放心；使恢复信心；再保证18.remind 提醒；使想起19.sustain 维持；持续；支撑；蒙受20.undertake 承担；许诺；保证Other important Nouns & Verbs（2）1.alter 改变；修改2.assurance 保证；担保；自信；把握3.clarify 澄清；使纯净4.discard 抛弃；丢弃5.entitle 定名；使有资格6.exhibition 展览会；表现7.impact 碰撞力；影响；行动8.incentive 鼓励；诱因9.instruct 教授；指导；下命令；指示10.interfere 妨害；扰乱；介入；干涉11.involve 使卷入；牵涉；伴随（指必然结果）12.merit 功劳；价值；优点13.permit 许可证；执照准许；许可14.proceed 着手；继续进行15.protest 抗议；反对16.register⑴登记簿；注册簿⑵记录；注册；登记姓名17.risk 风险；危险使遭受危险；冒……的危险18.submit 认输；使服从；提出19.speculate 沉思；思索；猜测；推测；投机20.verify 证明；证实；确认Important Adjectives & Adverbs（1）1、absurd 荒谬的；不合理的；违反常理的2、adequate 足够的；适当的3、ample 广大的；宽敞的；充足的4、decent 合宜的；得体的；适当的5、dreadful 令人恐怖的；令人害怕的6、exceptional 异常的；例外的；特别优秀7、exquisite 精细的；精美的；敏锐的；细致的8、farfetched 牵强的；不大可信的；不自然的9、in light of 按照；根据10、ingenious 有巧思的；有创意的；灵敏的11、instant 立即的；（食品）快速方便的12、legitimate 合法的；正当的；婚生的13、moderate 中等的；适度的；有节制的；温和的14、oblivious 遗忘的；遗忘的；不注意的；不在意的15、random 随便的；无目的的16、relevant 有关的；切题的；有实际价值或重要性的17、substantially 相当大的；基本上；本质的18、temporary 暂时的临时的19、unprecedented 史无前例的；空前的20、versatile 多才多艺的；有多种用途的Important Adjectives & Adverbs（2）1、accurate 准确的；正确无误的；精确的2、alert 警觉的；留心的；机警的；敏捷的3、approximately 大约；大概4、distinctive 与众不同的；有特色的；显著的5、dynamic 充满活力的；动力的6、excessive 过多的；过度的；过分的7、extraordinary 特别的；格外的；值得注意的8、fragile 易碎的；易损坏的；脆弱的9、inferior 品质差的；下等的；下级的10 、initial 开始的；最初的11、irresistible 极为诱人的；无法抗拒的12、miscellaneous 不同种类的；各式各样的；混杂的13、noteworthy 值得注意的；显著的14、no and off 断断续续的；偶尔；有时15、rapid 迅速的；快速的；快的16、self-explanatory 不需要加以说明的；不言自明的17、sufficient 足够的18、ultimately 最后；最终19、vague 含糊不清的；模糊不清的20、vivid 生龙活虎的；鲜艳的。

一种基于多媒体融合的图像检索系统的设计方案摘要：在现有研究基于多媒体融合的图像检索系统中，在图像标注的过程中采用手动的方式进行标注，工作繁琐，检索的速度低，难以运用到实际检索当中。

本文将结合图像语义标注运用于多媒体融合的图像检索系统中，这样既可以降低工作量也能提高检索的速度。

关键词：图像检索；图像语义标注；多媒体融合中图分类号：tp391.3 文献标识码：a 文章编号：1007-9599(2011)22-0000-01one kind of image retrieval system design program based on multimedia fusionlu weiyan(guangxi normal university for nationalities,chongzuo 532200，china)abstract:the present study is based on the integration of multimedia image retrieval system,in the image annotation process manually mark the way, the work tedious,retrieval speed is low,which is difficult to apply to the actual retrieval.this article will apply semantic annotation of multimedia and image fusion for image retrieval systems,both to reduce the workload can improve the retrieval speed.keywords:image retrieval;image semanticannotation;multimedia integration一、引言现有的基于内容图像检索的系统有：qbic系统，webseek系统，photobook系统，mars系统等。

科技报告导读科技创新导报 Science and Technology Innovation Herald 173VDMS with the three typical structures is analyzed and evaluated. Some useful rules and conclusions are drawn and proved which are directive and with reference value for the construction of the virtual infrastructure management systems with higher performance, fault-tolerance and scalability .Key Words ：Cloud Computing;Virtual Data Center;Service Scheduling; Resource Provisioning阅读全文链接（需实名注册）：/xiangxiBG.aspx?id=51858&flag=1信息服务的构造与验证研究报告苏开乐(北京大学)摘 要：可满足性问题(SAT)，最大可满足性问题(MAX-SAT)与最大团问题(MC)都是典型的基本的NP-难解问题。

该报告概述了这些难解问题的实验算法方面的国际研究现状和国内研究进展，并对国内外研究进展进行了比较，最后讨论和展望了难解问题求解的发展趋势。

关键词：可满足性 最大可满足性 最大团问题Constructionand Verification of Information Service-General Technology ReportSu Kaile(Beijing University)Abstract ：AT, MAX-SAT, and Maxclique are typical fundamental NP-hard problems. This paper summarizes both the state of the art and domestic progress of experimental algorithm research for these problems. The comparison between the domestic and international research endeavor in recent years ispresented. Finally , the trends of research on solving hard problems are discussed.Key Words ：SAT MAX-SAT Maxclique阅读全文链接（需实名注册）：/xiangxiBG.aspx?id=51733&flag=1跨媒体分析的理论和方法卢汉清1 刘静1 黄萱菁2(1.中国科学院自动化研究所;2.复旦大学)摘 要：该年度的研究主要围绕多媒体对象的多粒度语义分析与关联挖掘等方面展开，考察媒体对象与语义标签关联矩阵的纵横不同视角，充分发掘底层特征之间的关联性，语义特征之间的关联性，以及媒体对象在底层特征空间相似度和语义标签空间相似度的一致性，同时注重与应用背景的紧密结合，力争将研究成果做实做细。

教育技术领域150个专业词汇Instructional technology 教育技术Instructional design 教学设计Information technology 信息技术Distance education 远程教育Cognitive psychology 认知心理学communications 传播,传播学Instructional systems design 教学系统设计progressivism 进步主义Programmed instruction 程序教学General system 一般系统论reinforcement 强化verbalism 言语主义behaviorism 行为主义cognitivism 认知主义constructivism 建构主义individualized instruction 个性化教学Instructional development 教学开发Learning management system 教学开发objectivism 客观主义sensory 感觉器官schema 图式Problem solving 问题解决Discovery learning 发现学习automaticity 自动性,自律性metacognition 元认知Instructional system 教学策略Information-processing theory 信息加工理论Performance potential 绩效潜能reinforcement 增援;加强;加固;强化slide V.(使)滑动n.滑,滑动,幻灯片Social learning theory 社会学习理论textual 原文的;文本的;教科书的stimuli 刺激(刺激物),刺激源Group communication 群体传播transmitter 传送者,传达人signal 信号channel 信道,频道,通道Applied reasearch 应用型研究Critical theory 批判理论Open learning 开放式学习Open education 开放式教育Learning environment 学习环境Programmed instruction 程序教学Independent study 独立学习behaviorism 行动主义Videotape 录像带videoconferencing 视频会议Correspondence course 函授课程webquset 网络探究学习Blended learning 混合学习E-learning 数字化学习performance 绩效Knowledge management 知识管理integration 整合(信息技术与课程) Inquiry-based learning 基于探究的学习Academic performance 学业成绩Analysis phase 分析阶段Delivery domain 传送领域Knowledge object 知识对象Intelligent agent 智能代理Event of instruction 教学事件summative evaluation 总结性评价Front-end analysis 前段分析Systematic instruction development 系统化教学开发Human resource 人力资源Instruction situation 教学情景Team effort 团队工作setting 环境,背景systemic 系统的,体系的Stated objective 既定的目标specialized 专用的;专门的,专业的Specialized skill 专业技能Prior experience 先前经验Problem identification 问题确定process 加工,处理,过程Micro-level 微观水平linear 线的,直线的,线性的Performance support 绩效支持Instructional science 教学科学Instructional model 教学模式Videodisk 视盘mainframe 主机,大型机Attribute of media 媒体特性No significant difference 无显著差异The great media debate 媒体大争论Usenet 用户网Strong A.I 强人工智能robotics 机器人技术Peripheral component interconnect 互连外围设备Neural networks 神经系统的;神经中枢的Network information retrieval 网络信息搜寻系统Natural language processing 自然语言处理Multimedia personal computers 个人多媒体计算机MP3 player MP3播放器Mobile phone 移动电话LISTSERVs 邮件列表LCD 液晶显示屏keyboard 键盘joystick 操纵杆Jini technology Jini 技术internet relay chat 网络聊天软件Interactive television 互动电视fiber 光纤Expert system 专家系统Digital video recorders 数字录像机Data glove 数据手套cyberspace 赛博空间Artificial intelligence 人工智能Artificial reality 人工现实Computer simulation 计算机仿真WWW(world wide web)万维网VCR 录像机Satellite broadcast 卫星广播MTV 音乐电视microprocessor 微处理器Fiber-optics transmission 光纤传输DVD(digital video disk)数字化视频光盘Compact disk 光盘Cable television systems 有线电视系统Bluetooth wireless technology蓝牙无线技术Systems thinking 系统思考Chaos theory 混沌理论Natural science 自然科学Organizational theory 组织理论System dynamics 系统动力学Verbal information 言语信息Learning condition 学习条件Learning theorist 学习理论家Level of cognitive performance 认知行为水平Measurement strategy 评价/测量策略Motor skill 动作技能Progressive education 进步主义教育Category of learning outcome 学习结果分类Educational objective 教育目标mass teaching 集体教学conceptualization 概念化One way 单向output 输出Physical abilities 体力Practice tests 练习考核receiving 接受questionnaire 问卷School of association 联合学派Target skill 目标技能textbook 教科书Small-group evaluation 小组评价Self-made paces 自定步伐Skilled movements 技能动作demonstration 演示Entry competence 初始技能。

artificial intelligence 人工智能audiovisual communication 视听传播design 设计development 开发utilization 利用management 管理evaluation 评价Electronic Performance Support System（EPSS）电子绩效支持系统instructional technology 教学技术intelligent agent 智能代理objectives 目标media—oriented 面向媒体performance 绩效systematic 系统化process—oriented 面向过程performance technology 绩效技术situated cognition 情景认知virtual reality 虚拟现实behavioral objectives movement 行为目标运动communications 传播，传播学cognitive psychology 认知心理学cone of experience 经验之塔general system 一般系统论programmed instruction 程序教学instructional systems design（ISD）教学系统设计knowledge management systems 知识管理系统progressivism 进步主义learner-centered learning environment 学习者为中心的学习环境reinforcement 强化Subject Matter Expert（SME）学科内容专家task analysis 任务分析verbalism 言语主义behaviorism 行为主义cognitivism 认知主义objectivism 客观主义constructivism 建构主义Individualized instruction 个性化教学instructional development 教学开发postmodernism 后现代主义research and development 研究与开发Learning Management System（LMS）学习管理系统andragogy 成人教育学cognitive science 认知科学diagram 图表discovery learning 发现学习elaboration 细化coding/ encoding 编码，译码information-processing theory 信息加工理论instructional strategy 教学策略metacognition 元认知motivation 动机orientation 定位，取向，倾向性automaticity 自动性，自律性multistore theory of memory 多重存储记忆理论problem solving 问题解决performance potential 绩效潜能retrieval 重现，检索schema 图式sensory 感觉器官，感觉记录器；感觉的slide 使滑动；滑，滑动，幻灯片stimuli 刺激，刺激源taxonomy 分类法，分类学textual 原文的，文本的，教科书的social learning theory 社会学习理论hypothesize 假设，假定，猜测channel 信道，频道，通道conceptual differentiation 概念上的区别core communication theory 核心传播理论interaction 交互，交互作用group communication 群体传播interactional dynamics互动动态institutional and societal dynamics 机构和社会的动态transmitter 传送者，传达人interpersonal communication 人际传播message 消息，通讯，讯息interpretation and the generation of meaning 意义的诠释与产生signal 信号mass communication 大众传播receiver 接收者，接收器，收信机attitude 态度category of learning outcome 学习结果分类frame 框架，结构cognitive information processing theory 认知信息加工理论 motor skill 动作技能constructivism learning theory 建构主义学习理论 educational objective 教育目标evaluate 评估，评价，测评 electronic support system 电子支持系统event of instruction 教学事件 expert instruction 专家教学intellectual skill 智慧技能 hypermedia program 超媒体程序individualized learning 个性化学习 learning condition 学习条件internal and external learning condition 学习的内/外部条件learning theorist 学习理论家 level of cognitive performance 认知行为水平measurement strategy 评价/测量策略 performance 绩效，行为表现programmed instructional 程序教学 progressive education 进步主义教育student centered typeⅡinstruction 以学生为主体的第二代教学teacher-centered group instruction以教师为主体的集体教学teacher-centered typeⅠinstruction 以教师为主体的第一代教学the programmed learning movement 程序教学运动 verbal information 言语信息第七章： P71 Professional Vocabularychaos theory 混沌理论 natural science 自然科学 organizational theory 组织理论complexity and interdependence 复杂性和相互依赖性system dynamics 系统动力学 systems thinking 系统思考第八章： P80 Professional VocabularyBluetooth wireless technology 蓝牙无线技术 Compact Disk 光盘cable television systems 有线电视系统 Fiber-optics transmission 光纤传输microprocessor 微处理器 DVD（digital video disk）数字化视频光盘MP3 一种音频压缩格式 MTV 音乐电视 Satellite broadcast 卫星广播VCR （Video Cassette Recorder）录像机 WWW（World Wide Web）万维网第九章： P90 Professional Vocabularyadvanced wireless device 高级无线设备Artificial Intelligence 人工智能artificial reality 人工现实 Authorware 基于图标和流线的多媒体开发工具Archie : Internet 上一种用来查找其标题满足特定条件的所有文档的自动搜索服务工具AutoCAD 著名的三维辅助设计软件，由美国公司Autodesk公司出品AutoDesk 美国电脑软件公司，生产计算机辅助设计软件Compact Disk Read-Only Memory（CD-ROM）光盘只读存储器 data glove 数据手套computer simulation 计算机仿真Computer-Mediated Communication（CMC）计算机媒介沟通cyberspace 赛博空间joystick 操纵杆 keyboard 键盘 Digital Video Recorders （DVRs）数字录像机expert system 专家系统 LCD 液晶显示屏 LISTSERVs 邮件列表Gopher 基于菜单驱动的Internet 信息查询工具 Jini technology : Jini 技术HyperCard 苹果公司的文档管理工具软件 interactive television 互动电视Internet Relay Chat 网络聊 mobile phone 移动电话 MP3 player ： MP3播放器Multimedia Personal Computers（MPCs）个人多媒体计算机 Usenet 用户网Multiple User Dialogue 多人对话，俗称“泥巴” Weak A.I.弱人工智能Natural Language Processing 自然语言处理 Strong A.I. 强人工智能Network Information Retrieval （NIR）网络信息搜寻系统Neural Networks 神经系统的，神经中枢的 Robotics 机器人技术Peripheral Component Interconnect 互连外围设备Sense8 美国一家开发虚拟现实环境应用开发工具的公司 fiber 光纤Virtual Programming Languages Research（VPL）美国一家专做虚拟现实产品的公司virtual reality（VR）虚拟现实 Wide Area Information Server 广域信息服务器wireless personal area network 个人无线局域网 World Wide Web 万维网第十章：P99 Professional Vocabularyattribute of media 媒体特性 mainframe 主机，大型机 videodisk 视盘correspondence course 函授课程 no significant difference 无显著差异the great media debate 媒体大争论第十一章：P111 Professional Vocabularyanalysis 分析 analysis of learning goals 学习目标分析 definition 定义analysis of learning needs 学习需求分析anchor point 锚点，定位点assumption 假定，假设 application 使用，运用，适用，应用 encode 编码assessment 评估，评价，评定，判定，鉴定，估计 delivery system 传递系统context 上下文，环境，背景，静脉 evaluate 估价，评价 feedback 反馈develop 发展，详述，开发 discipline 纪律，学科训练 goal-oriented 目标导向的evaluation instrument 评价工具 human resource 人力资源instruction situation 教学情景instructional activity 教学活动instructional design 教学设计instructional development 教学开发instructional material 教学材料instructional model 教学模式instructional science 教学科学instructional strategy 教学策略instructional system design 教学系统设计instructional theory 教学理论learning activity 学习活动 learning environment 学习环境learning experience 学习体验，学习经验learning strategy 学习策略learning theory 学习理论 linear 线的，直线的，线性的macro-level 宏观水平 micro-level 微观水平 setting 环境，背景organizational behavior 组织行为 performance support 绩效支持prior experience 先前经验 problem identification 问题确定problem-based 基于问题的 process 加工，处理，过程 team effort 团队工作specialized 专用的，专门的，专业的 specialized skill 专业技能stated objective 既定的目标systematic 系统的，规划的，有计划的systemic 系统的，体系的第十二章：P125 Professional Vocabularyevent of instruction 教学事件 formative evaluation 形成性评价front-end analysis 前端分析 summative evaluation 总结性评价systematic instructional development 系统化教学开发The First Generation Instructional Design （ID1）第一代教学设计The Second Generation Instructional Design（ID2）第二代教学设计第十三章：P125AID systems 教学设计自动化系统analysis phase 分析阶段Authoring Tools 著作工具 Automated Instructional Design（AID）自动化教学设计computer-based instruction 计算机辅助教学 delivery domain 传送领域electronic performance support systems （EPSS）电子绩效支持系统Information Management 信息管理 instructional delivery 教学传递instructional designers and developers 教学设计者与开发者intelligent agent 智能代理 interactive simulation 交互式仿真模拟knowledge management 知识管理 planning phase 计划阶段knowledge object 知识对象 knowledge management system 知识管理系统Web-based course management system 基于网络的课程管理系统第十四章：P147cognitive skill认知技能 cooperative learning协作学习 critical skill批判性思维educational institution 教育机构 information literacy 信息素养information superhighway 信息高速公路 lifelong learning 终身学习technological literacy 技术素养第十五章：P153electronic portfolio 电子档案袋第十六章：P159academic performance 学业成绩 blended learning 混合学习 integration 整合E-learning 数字化学习 inquiry-based learning 基于探究的学习knowledge management 知识管理 performance 绩效 WebQuest 网络探究学习Human Resource 人力资源 ROI（Return On Investment）投资回报WBT（Web-based training）基于网络的培训一、写出单词含义infant specialist merchant-chief penchant vocation conditioning dramatically school of thought dominance perspective strive digestive systems demonstrate subject matter definite superstition reinforcement token economies contiguity correctnesssense retrieve schema rehearseretention retain postulate accommodationdesire therapist be grounded in negotiation address comment misconception inference philosophical criticism be subject to二、翻译句子Pavlov demonstrated that this learning process could be used to make an association between environmental stimulus and a naturally occurring stimulus.Constructivists believe that learners construct their own reality or at least interpret it based upon their perceptions of experiences ，so an individual's knowledge is a function of one’s prior experiences, mental structures, and beliefs that are used to interpret objects and events.A reasonable response to that criticism is the Gibsonian perspective that contends that there exists a physical world that is subject to physical laws that we all know in pretty much the same way because those physical laws are perceivable by humans in pretty much the same way.一、写出单词含义instructional objectives outcome incorporate substantiveget around to expertise integrate into taxonomy reward cognitive performance whereas break down criteria designated fold lay the proper foundation for strategy assess manipulate controversy transmission incidental learning participate content contend versus expository lay outtarget refine advantage engagement foster confuse frustration neural relevant proposition consciously二、翻译句子Evaluation is the highest level of Bloom' s hierarchy. It consists of making judgments based on previous levels of learning to compare a product of some kind against a designated standard.It is not possible for the learners to reach high levels of meaningful learning until some prior relevant knowledge structures are built, and thus learning must be an iterative process over time to build expertise in any domain of knowledgeMany contend that the discovery learning versus expository debate continues a timeless debate as to how much a teacher should help a student and how much the student should help himself.一、写出单词含义empirically generate predictably prevailing behavioral psychologist salient figure progressivism philosophy myriad instrumentality excessive verbalism concrete permanent cooperative audiovisual drawing slide compliment tremendous formation administrative academy refine implementation revise assessment silent film forerunner distinct analogy vogue rationale enthusiasm constructivism perspective interpret innovationmotion advocate curriculum performance二、翻译句子While many contributions could be listed here as important in shifting the prevailing concept of instruction, the work of E. L. Thorndike, a behavioral psychologist at Columbia University, was perhaps most influential and particularly salient for the field of instructional technology. Progressivism proposes that experience is the key to understanding and " the most important power the individual possesses is his capacity to share in experience by attacking the myriad problems that it presents with the instrumentality of his natural intelligence"Secondly, the study ensured the implementation of alternative curriculum as planned and the objectives and their assessment were used to revise and refine the curriculum一、写出单词含义definition branch departure from reign Commission familiar revolution goes beyond device carrying out in terms of specificbring about domain describe Association successor release facilitation utilization elaboration integrate professional Component snapshot ethical deliberation opposeprecise mission stipulate scholarship boundary in practice unambiguous excludeexplicitly neutral entail makes sense incorporate albeit sensitive accreditation二、翻译句子In its more familiar sense, it means the media born of the communications revolution which can be used for instructional purposes alongside the teacher, textbook, and blackboard.A complex, integrated process involving people, procedures, ideas, devices and organization for analyzing problems and devising, implementing, evaluation and managing solutions to those problems involved in all aspects of human learningFurther, it is primarily a stipulatory definition, stipulating or prescribing the elements of the concept and its boundaries in ideal terms rather than claiming to be based on observations of whata particular group of people actually do in practice.一、写出单词含义Positive eclectic philosophy postmodernismrigidly ideology adhere to qualityseparate long – term reproducible master teacherlean infrequently incorporated into minoroutgrowth replicable module guarantee enrichment prospect advocate keeping track ofdata-driven intensive incremental accumulation disaggregation information access diagnostics credentialinhabit Off-the-shelf product specification cooptself-directed collaborative tutorial二、翻译句子Evaluations of products, such as computer software, are published regularly, but evaluations of the instructional development process seem to get lost in the rush to implement a newly developed course.However, schools and universities continued to be reluctant clients and users of media for enrichment, if they used media at all.A working group may end up research and sharing knowledge among themselves, in effect coopting the "instructional" role through their own self-directed and collaborative learning activities.The Most Important Education Technology in 200 YearsOnline education isn’t new—in the United States more than 700,000 students now study in full-time “distance learning” programs. What’s different is the scale of technology being applied by leaders who mix high-minded goals with sharp-elbowed, low-priced Internet business models. In the stories that will follow in this month’s business report, MIT Technology Review will chart the impact of free online education, particularly the “massive open online courses,” or MOOCs, offered by new education ventures like edX, Coursera, and Udacity, to name the most prominent.These ideas affect markets so large that their value is difficult to quantify. Just consider that a quarter of the American population, 80 million people, is enrolled in K–12 education, college, or graduate school. Direct expenditures by government exceed $800 billion. Add to that figure private education and corporate training.So where are we on the online education curve? According to a study from Babson College, the number of U.S. college students who took at least one online course increased from 1.6 million in 2002 to 6.1 million, or about a third of all college students, in 2010. The researchers, I. Elaine Allen and Jeff Seaman, found signs that the growth rate of online classes might be starting to slow. But their study didn’t anticipate the sudden entry of premier universities into online education this year. Coursera, an alliance between Stanford and two dozen other schools, claims that it had 1.5 million students sign up.Technology will define where online education goes next. All those millions of students clicking online can have their progress tracked, logged, studied, and probably influenced, too. Talk to Khan or anyone behind the MOOCs and they’ll all say their eventual goal isn’t to stream videos but to perfect education through the scientific use of data. Just imagine, they say, software that maps an individual’s knowledge and offers a lesson plan unique to him or her.At present, China has launched a project to train Teachers' Skill of Applied Educational Technology in Secondary and Elementary School. This paper focused on the Design of Educational Technology Training Project for teachers. By the analyzing the actual needs of teachers in K12, we would explore how to protect the effective implementation of the training project.目前，我国已经全面启动了全国中小学教师教育技术能力建设项目，本文选择教师教育技术能力培训项目的设计作为研究内容，旨在通过对一线教师的实际需求的分析，探索在培训实践过程中，如何保障培训项目的有效实施。

浅谈图像集在视觉概念检测中的应用摘要:视觉概念检测技术是一种对图像进行检测、管理及分类的有效方法,而检测算法需要有高质量的图像集作为训练集来测试算法的可行性及精确性。

本文介绍了理想的图像集应具备的特性及常用的图像集,为视觉概念检测的研究提供有价值的参考。

关键词:视觉概念图像集检测技术近年来,随着图像检索技术的快速发展,图像视觉内容信息作为一种直观形象、完整复现场景的信息表达形式产生着越来越重要的影响,可以说机器视觉的应用范围几乎涵盖了国民经济的各个行业,主要包括:工业、农业、医药、军事、航天、气象、天文、公安等。

面对如此大规模的图像视觉内容信息量,如何实现合理有效地组织、表达及搜索,已成为现阶段信息检索领域研究的热点问题。

视觉概念检测技术是一种对大量图像进行自动检测、管理及分类的有效方法,它通过合理的算法对获取的图像进行检测、识别、分类,从而达到用机器代替人来做图像测量和判断的目的。

若要使图像检测及分类准确性高,就需要使用高质量的图像集作为训练集,来验证算法的可行性及精确性。

1 理想的图像测试集应具备的特性[1]1.1 图像集应在图像检索领域具有代表性及整体性过去,研究人员使用的图像集常常是分散的,甚至可能自己的私人图像收藏,这样的测试集难免会具有片面性,理想情况是测试集包含许多不同的样本点,能够涵盖图像源的整个频谱,图像足够多到能够代表整个领域。

1.2 图像集应具备标准化的测试基准,以便执行客观的评价在目前的文献中,经常发生不同的研究人员在同一个图像集下执行不同的性能测试,这就使得无法执行比较基准。

标准化的测试基准应该至少包括典型的搜索概念、统一的图像信息,以及统一的绩效测量和报告的详细指引。

1.3 图像集应该便于用户访问及使用,而不必担心版权等问题有些图像集,如MPEG7测试集,被科学界使用已经有一些年了,但是现在却基本找不到,并且也不能随意的发布了。

对使用者来说,能够容易的访问并且在需要的时候可以再发表是必不可少的。