英语原创毕业论文参考选题杰克.伦敦的一面镜子——论《野性的呼唤》
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[英语作文]《野性的呼唤》英语优秀读后感《野性的呼唤》英语优秀读后感My Call of the Wild ------ Enlightenment of The Call of the Wild " He sings a song of the younger world, which is the song of the pack." (Chapter VII The Sounding of the Wild) When the last sentence vanished from my eyes, I can still perceive an echo of a song - a wild song, which knocks up my dizzy mind that always cheerfully sink into the so-called civilized world without questioning. Wild, is no longer a symbol of the law of jungle but a headspring where streams out love, passion, bra一very, loyalty, friendship, venture, competition and tolerance all these virtues can easily be found in the Call of the Wild. Jack London (1876-1916) is a worldwide renowned novelist. His stories successfully reflect the contradictory views of man’s nature and destiny in and against the wild, and his "fight to survive" notion has gained him and his works timeless popularity, particularly, the Call of the Wild It tells a story of a gigantic dog, named Buck, who is stolen from a rich and comfortable home and forced to learn to survive as an Alaskan sled dog. Buck, at first, is too sa一vage for the company of man until he coincidently encounters his beloved master-kindhearted John Thornton. Finally, John’s incidental death breaks Buck’s last tie to the man and drives him into h is long-desired wild with his pack. In the story, Buck and John simply adopt themselves to answer the call of the wild.When it comes to Buck’s mind that one day he will eventually lea一ve John- his master, all he wants to do is just to help him finish the gold-rush-trip. He " from then on, night and day, never put a halt, in desperation, he burst into long stretch of flight, did not to stay him (John)" (Chapter VII The Sounding of The Wild)Buck wished to remember John’s image forever, he "for two days and nights never left camp, never let Thornton out of his sight. He followed him about at his work, watched him while saw him into blankets at night and out of them in the morning…" (Chapter VII) When I read these words I just could not hold my tears bursting. Can a real man devote himself to loyalty and friendship in such a way? On the other hand, John Thornton is not only a dog-lover but also a bra一ve and venturous man. He is so straightforward and simple that makes him an accommodating man. Once he firmly roots a goal into his heart, it seems that nothing could prevent him from accomplishing it except death.I do not know whether the persistence is the most vital element to make a man successful, but what I know is that you are not far away from success once you occupy it. It is Jack London who plunges me into the animated wild from the hustle-and-bustle and from desperate city. There, I merely cannot deny the attraction of Buck’s bark, which enlightens me to pursue another lost half of the nature in mankind, and to dig out a true meaning of life. Dare we imagine that London intentionally employs Buck to set us a model with perfect characters (count barbarity out)? The answer is affirmed. We, as animals, are from the wild but shedding off more and more wild signs, which demonstrate us as the "uncivilized". However, who can fully guarantee that we ha一ve not overlooked some essential wild-endowed virtues?Especially, nowadays, it seems more crucial for us to stop looking at the post-industrialized world and to ponder for a while. When cheats, betrayals, lies, lusts and crimes stuff a materialized society, whether London uses this novel to help himself escape the reality or warn the earthy people, to us, modern man, is all the same. It appears horrible that in modern society many people are enthusiastically talking about how to build up "special relations" to the authority, deceiving and lying to each other. To them life is a mask-wearing process rather than a hard work. Every time, you browse WebPages, scandals in politics, business, the entertainment circle and even on campus crowd into your eyes. Oh, what is the essence of human beings? What is the civilization to us? Do we need to look back at where we came from? Is it good or bad for us to speak out what we think and to do what the consciences demand us to? Are we wasting talents given by the mighty nature? Be an honest, straightforward, warmhearted, emotional and responsible man or be a shrewd, cold hearted and astute hypocrite?While embracing the "civilized" rubbish, we are losing those good virtues, which are the calls of the wild. Once we lose them, we are to lose ourselves, and we will get nowhere. I wish this dreadful thought is totally a fallacy, but, now, it is chilling me hard. One day when I happen to stand on the top of a grand mountain to observe a boundless prairie enveloped by the sapphire firmament and combed by gusts of the rhythmical west wind, a morning sun sprinkles me her warmth and brilliance in a graceful way, however, at that moment, I am afraid that I cannot appreciate these beauties, I am a lost " civilized man" then. Please, please do not let come true while we are still able to answer the call of the wild.感谢您的阅读,祝您生活愉快。
野性的呼唤毕业论文《野性的呼唤》是杰克·伦敦的一部小说,讲述了一只狗从宠物成长为野生动物的故事。
小说通过对人性、野性以及文明与自然的探讨,向人们展示了生命的真谛和人与自然的关系。
本文主要从小说的角度出发,探讨人与自然的关系。
一、人类的野性在小说里,狗头杰克被认为是一只野兽,而白牙被视为一个能够适应野外环境的人。
人与动物的界限逐渐变得模糊。
可以看出,小说让人们反思人性和野性之间的联系。
在现代社会,人类已经很难感受到大自然的气息,对大自然的认识也日渐淡化。
然而,人类潜藏着一种强烈的野性,只需要到大自然中去感受就可以触发这种内在的野性。
二、文明与自然在小说中,白牙成为了文明与野性之间的桥梁。
他能够在野外生存的原因是,他具有与野性相似的本质,并且还拥有人类的灵性、智慧和经验,所以他能够更好地适应自然环境。
而文明世界虽然在一定程度上摆脱了自然的限制,但在一些方面却也失去了自然的美好和自由。
在现代社会,保护自然已经成为我们必须承担的责任,只有保护好大自然,人们才能在自然中寻找自己的存在。
三、对大自然的敬畏在小说中,人们感受到了大自然的强大和神秘之处。
白牙一直对自己的家园——森林心存感激,他知道自己的一切都源于大自然的恩赐。
小说表达的是一种对大自然的敬畏之情,而这种感情正是我们现代人所缺乏的。
当我们学会敬畏大自然的时候,我们才会开始真正保护它,珍惜它,体验它的美好和善良。
总之,小说《野性的呼唤》通过动物的故事向人们展示了自然和文明之间的关系。
我们应该回归自然,在与大自然互动中寻找自己的灵性和真正意义上的自由。
希望人们能够从小说中汲取力量,爱护大自然,珍惜自然资源,用行动向大自然表达敬畏之情。
野性的呼唤英文阅读报告A Report on 《The call of the wild 》IntroductionAt the beginning of this century, many new writers emerged with the introduction of many new ideas. Jack London stories successfully reflect the contradictory views of man’s nature and destiny in and against the wild, and his "fight to survive" notion has gained him and his works timeless popularity, particularly, the Call of the WildHis most famous novel is the call of the wild . Although it is a story about a dog, Buck, it vividly depicts the life in the primitive North where people rushed for gold and fortune. Buck, used to belong to a judge, was kidnapped and sold to North. Then he became a member of a dog-team pulling a sled (雪橇). In the days of pulling a snow-sled, he learned to conform to the law of nature and obey the master. Finally, he found a basic instinct hidden inside him, which enabled himself to survive the tough environment. This is the call of the wild.Brief introductionAbout the author, Jack London (Jan 12, 1876—Nov 22, 1916)Jack London (1876-1916) is an American worldwide renowned novelist, journalist and social activist. His representative works include the Call of the Wild, Martin Eden, Son of the Wolf, White Fang, etc.He is said to be a natural child. In 1889, he began working 12 to 18 hours for a day at Hickmott’s Cannery. In 1894, he spent 30 days for vagrancy in the Erie County Penitentiary at Buffalo. After many experiences as a hobo and a sailor, he returned to Oakland and attended Oakland High School. He contributed a number of articles to the high school's magazine. His first published work was an account of his sailing experiences.His novels successfully reflect the contradictory views of man’s nature and destiny in and against the wild.The Call of the Wild (1903)The Call of the Wild is London’s most-read book, and generally considered his best, the most masterpiece of his so-called “early period”. The story was setin 19th-century Klondike Gold Rush, in which sled dogs were bought at generous prices.Buck was a domestic dog in Judge Miller’s home and living a xxfortable life until he was sold secretly by the poor gardener and became a sled dog. Buck was a Bernard dog weighed one hundred and forty pounds, tall, strong, and heavy muscled. He couldn’t acxxmodate to the harsh condition at first. And he wanted to fight, to escape, to go back to his cozy home, but in vain.The man in red taught him the law of stick and club —one must first adjust himself to his surroundings and learn the rules, and only after that he can do what he wants to do. The club of the man in red called back Buck’s nature as a dog.When he firstly served for Fran?ois and Perrault, two couriers, he showed his superior ability to adapt to the environment and his smartness to learn everything he wanted to learn. Curly’s death astonished him and taught him to be cautious. And before he had recovered from the shock caused by the tragic passing of Curly, he was harnessed as a sled dog and step by step wanted to be the leader. But the leading dog, Spitz,was already an excellent one, who also considered Buck as enemy and potential xxpetitor. At last, when Spitz once punished him, hurling backward Buck, he knew the time had xxe. He killed Spitz and took his place.When they pulled into Dawson, Buck was sold as useless thing to three gold diggers, who weren’t veteran in sledding and even didn’t know how to get to their destination. Food was eaten up half way. So Charles, one of the three, decided to kill Buck when he couldn’t get up. However, when he aimed at Buck, John Thornton sprang upon him, knocked him down and told him that if Charles stroke Buck, Thornton would kill him.Thus, Thornton took Buck away. He was the only true friend of Buck. But Buck was a thing of the wild, especially when the calling of wolf from the hills. Once whenhe came back from hills, he found that Thornton was killed by Indians. Buck became a nut and killed those headsmen and stayed with Thornton for two days and nights, never leaving Thornton out of his sight. And then a nearby wolf howl captures his ears, and hefollows the sound to an approaching wolf pack, battling several of these creatures to prove his worth.When you read the story, you will feel that Buck is a man instead of a dog, struggling with his fortune and conforming to the law of nature.Though short, it is really a thrilling story. What you never forget is the tough life in the nature, the brave and crafty dog. Maybe the wild is calling you to go ahead.My understandingBuck He sings a song of the younger world, which is the song of the pack." (Chapter VII The Sounding of the Wild) When the last sentence vanished from my eyes, I can still perceive an echo of a song - a wild song, which knocks up my dizzy mind that always cheerfully sink into the so-called civilized world without questioning. Wild, is no longer a symbol of the law of jungle but a headspring where streams out love, passion, bravery, loyalty, friendship, venture, xxpetition and tolerance all these virtues can easily be found in the Call of the Wild.is a cruel, cunning and intelligent image in the Call of the Wild. He killed Spitz to take the leadership,learned apace to sleep under snow and learned fast to steal food without being punished. But in my opinion, Buck in the wild, just as a man in the society, must do what he had done for survival. Jack London xxpared human to Buck and told us that we must adapt ourselves to the society——learning the rules, learning the necessary knowledge and keeping forging ahead, otherwise we’ll lag behind and be obsolete. That is the life.The Call of the Wild conjures up a lost world, filled with people and place names that were so xxmon at the turn of the twentieth century, but which have since faded away into history, lost and forgotten. It is by reading Buck's story that one can once more remember life as it was, digging up this hidden wealth from deep caves of time.However, who can fully guarantee that we have not overlooked some essential wild-endowed virtues? Especially, nowadays, it seems more crucial for us to stop looking at the post-industrialized world and to ponder for a while. When cheats, betrayals, lies, lusts and crimes stuff a materialized society, whether Londonuses this novel to help himself escape the reality or warn the earthy people, to us, modern man, is all the same. One day when I happen to stand on the top of a grand mountain to observe a boundless prairie enveloped by the sapphire firmament and xxbed by gusts of the rhythmical west wind, a morning sun sprinkles me her warmth and brilliance in a graceful way, however, at that moment, I am afraid that I cannot appreciate these beauties, I am a lost " civilized man" then.SummaryAll in all, the call of the wild is really a masterpiece. He sings a song of the younger world, which is the song of the pack." When you read the story, you will feel that Buck is a man instead of a dog, struggling with his fortune and conforming to the law of nature. ??Though short, it is really a thrilling story. What you never forget is the tough life in the nature, the brave and crafty dog. Maybe the wild is calling you to go ahead.??While writing for only 16 years throughout his life, London produced an amazing body of work among which, White Fang, Martin Eden, the Valley of the Moon are representative.At last, i want to say "Please, please do not let xxe true while we are still able to answer the call of the wild."。
The Wild is still calling——After reading The Call of The Wild Published in 1903,The Call of the Wild isJack London ’ s famous novel set during the Klondike Gold Rush. Its author, JackLondon, who had been a prospector in the Klondike Gold Rush in the late 1890s, was regarded as the America’ s most famous author at that time.The novel ’ s protagonist is a dog named Buck, a physically impressive dog, livingthe good life in California when he gets stolen and put into dog slavery. For him, thismeans pulling a ridiculously heavy sled through miles and miles of frozen ice withlittle or nothing to eat and frequent beatings. As the definition of a domestic dog,Buck is out of his element until he begins to adapt to his surroundings, and learnfrom the other dogs.stay with Thornton, or kill things? Be civilized, or be wild? And naturallythere are several missed phone calls from the wild.At the end of theCall of the Wild, Thornton is killed by the Yeehat tribe. Buckis then freeto run with the wild dog packs.The novel deals with Buck as though he were a person with thoughts andemotions and touches me by its theme of pursuing ancestral memory and primitive instincts.When Buck enters the wild, he must learn countless lessons in order tosurvive, and he learns them well. But the novel suggests that his success in the frozenNorth is not merely a matter of“ learning” ; rather, Buck gradually“ re instincts and memories that his wild ancestors possed, which have been buried inmodern civilized creatures,dogs. The technical term for what happens to Buck is atavism—the reappearance in a modern creature of traits that was defined by itsremote forefathers. London returns to this theme again and again, constantlyreminding us that Buck is“ retrogressing” , as the novelputs it into a wilder way that all dogs once shared——“ He was older than the dayshe had seen and thebreaths he had drawn.” Buck even has occasional visionsolderofthisworld, when humans wore animal skins and lived in caves, and when wild dogs hunted their preyin the primeval forests. His connection to his ancestral identity is more thaninstinctual; it is mystical. The civilized world, which seems so strong, turns out to be nothing more than a thin veneer, which is quickly worn away to reveal the ancient instinctslying dormant underneath. Buck hears the call of the wild, and London implies that, in the right circumstances, we might hear it too.Jack London isnt necessarily’ making the claim that we should all run around naked,killing and eating with our bare hands. Instead, he uses a dog to ask the question of what all this civilization is really doing for us. Because aside from the starvation, beatings, and the nearly freezing to death, Buck might just be better off in the wild than where he was before this whole mess began. Why? Because ithe was meant to do, what his body was built for. So the next time you find yourself on the verge of giving in to those primal instincts, take a minute. And pick up the phone, because The Wild is still calling.。
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二、原创论文参考题目1 浅谈体态语在小学英语教学中的作用2 中西方大学中第二课堂的角色研究3 浅析哈代主要小说作品中鸟的意象4 模糊语在商务英语谈判中的语用研究5 莎士比亚戏剧《哈姆雷特》中男主人公性格分析6 英语广告语中隐喻的研究7 On Dreiser’s View of Womanhood in Sister Carrie8 浅析《汤姆叔叔的小屋》中黑奴的命运9 A Research on V ocabulary Learning Strategies Employed by Non-English Majors in the CALL Environment10 由《红楼梦》中人名的英译看中西文化差异11 经贸英语中的缩略语现象及其应用12 试析《儿子与情人》中保罗畸形的爱情观13 中式菜肴名称英译的功能观14 为什么穷人会愤怒15 违反合作原则所表达的会话含义—以《越狱》中Theodore Bagwell话语为例16 零售创新典范及其对中国零售业的启示17 《警察与赞美诗》与《二十年后》中的警察形象比较分析18 中西方节日文化差异研究19 中式菜名的英译20 《名利场》和《嘉莉妹妹》女主角形象对比21 如何在高中英语教学中培养学生的创新思维能力22 功能目的论视角下的企业外宣资料的英译研究23 英汉“悲”、“喜”情感隐喻的认知比较研究24 论商业美学指导下的英文电影片名翻译25 中英道歉语及应答差异26 《双城记》中的象征手法分析27 论象征手法在《了不起的盖茨比》中的运用28 译前准备对交替传译成效的课堂研究——以礼仪祝辞类口译为例29 论跨文化因素在跨国企业管理中的影响作用30 A Comparative Study Between the Novel To Kill A Mockingbird and Its Film Adaptation31 An Analysis of Trademark Translation——from the perspective of Skopos Theory32 从中英语言中的幽默表达看中西方思维差异33 中西文化差异在家庭教育中的体现34 世纪年代的摇滚乐对美国传统价值观的影响研究35 狄更斯在《双城记》中的人道主义思想36 简析《卡斯特桥市长》中亨查德的悲剧命运37 模糊限制语在英语广告语中的使用及其语用功能探讨38 八十年代以来汉语中英语外来语及翻译39 从生态女性主义视角分析艾丽丝门罗《逃离》中女性人物命运40 作为成长小说的《远大前程》分析41 对比研究中西文化中的委婉语42 从《夜莺与玫瑰》看王尔德唯美主义的道德观43 浅谈简奥斯丁《劝导》的反讽艺术44 克林顿总统就职演说之体裁分析45 儿童本位主义在儿童文学翻译中的应用—《哈克贝利费恩历险记》两种译本的对比分析46 从接受理论的角度看儿童文学的翻译--以《爱丽丝梦游仙境》为例47 论电影翻译中的创造性叛逆——以《肖申克的救赎》为例48 浅析文化差异对中西商务谈判的影响49 中西面子观比较研究5051 论《德伯家苔丝》中安吉尔行为的合理性52 A Lonely but Strong-willed Soul A Character Analysis of Ellen Weatherall in The Jilting of Granny Weatherall53 浅析MSN交谈中的话语标记语54 关联理论视角下幽默的英汉翻译55 从《在路上》解读“垮掉的一代”时代背景与主题56 情感在英语教学中的作用及其实施57 The Problems in English and Chinese Trademark Translation and Relevant Countermeasures58 英语习语陷阱及其学习策略59 广告语中预设触发语的语用分析60 对《呼啸山庄》中希斯克里夫性格转变的分析61 《儿子与情人》恋母情结分析62 论《瓦尔登湖》中梭罗的超验主义哲学观63 艾丽丝沃克《日用家当》中的人物解读64 中英称谓语的文化差异及其翻译65 分析内战对《飘》中斯佳丽的影响66 浅谈汉数字习语英译中的虚化现象67 从中美商务谈判语言看中美文化差异68 由英语外来词谈中英文化69 论《最后的莫西干人》中的印第安情结70 跨文化意识在初中英语教材中的渗透71 汉英颜色词语的内涵语义浅析72 A Brave Call for Peace--An Analysis of the Relationship between Frederic Henry and Catherine Barkley and Its Tragic Ending in A Farewell to Arms73 边缘人的挣扎——浅析《断背山》之恩尼斯74 浅析《了不起的盖茨比》中的象征75 合作学习理论在中学英语课堂中的应用76 从目的论角度分析产品说明书的翻译77 童话世界里的诗意与纯美—赏析奥斯卡王尔德的《夜莺与玫瑰》78 乡村音乐歌词的人际意义分析79 颜色词的中英对比翻译80 浅谈中外记者招待会中口译者的跨文化意识81 中西幽默异同探析82 宗教对英汉语言的影响83 Cultural Differences Between English and Chinese by Analyzing Brand Names84 许渊冲的诗歌翻译理论与实践85 汉民族节日名称英译中的文化价值取向研究86 《金色笔记》与多丽丝莱辛的女性主义思想87 初中英语词汇教学法研究综述88 Humor as Perceived from the Cooperative Principle89 论商标名称的翻译对品牌形象的影响90 A Comparison of the English Color Terms91 从民族文化心理差异角度看功能对等论在商标翻译中的运用92 广告英语的特点及其翻译探索93 广告英语标题翻译的修辞特点94 On Translation of Humorous Language from English to Chinese95 The Application of TBLT in English Reading Classes of Junior High School96 瓦尔登湖畔的隐士:反抗与变革97 中西文化差异对商务礼仪的影响及对策98 Bertha Is Jane:A Psychological Analysis of Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre99 汉语叠词翻译的对等研究100 论接受理论对儿童文学作品的影响——以《快乐王子》中译本为例101102 中餐菜单英译的归化与异化103 东西方人名文化与翻译—以英汉人名为例104 从合作原则看卡尔登的性格特点105 从小说人物分析简奥斯汀的情感智慧106 《哈姆雷特》对白翻译的语用分析107 自我效能感对大学生英语学习的影响108 分析《了不起的盖茨比》中美国梦的二元性109 On the Image of Women's Language in English110 电视公益广告的多模态话语分析111 A Comparison of the English Color Terms112 语境对词汇语义的语用制约113 从奥运菜单看中式菜肴英译名规范化程度114 英语词汇的记忆方法115 A Comparison of the Dragon Culture in the East and the Sheep Culture in the West 116 寻找女性的自我—评托妮莫里森作品《秀拉》中秀拉形象117 认知角度下的隐喻翻译118 The French Revolution in the Novel A Tale of Two Cities119 浅析隐藏在“面纱”之后的伯莎梅森120 《爱玛》中的女权思想解读121 英语新闻标题的前景化122 女性主义角度解读《董贝父子》中伊迪丝的堕落女性形象123 《布罗迪小姐的青春》中的人物冲突分析124 英语体育新闻标题的特点及其翻译125 试析《我知道笼中鸟为何歌唱》的成长主题126 从精神家园的追寻与构建的角度来解读梭罗与《瓦尔登湖》的思想127 西方骑士精神与中国侠义精神的比较研究—以《亚瑟王之死》和《水浒传》为例128 对美国总统就职演说的文体分析129 《麦田里的守望者》男主人公霍尔顿的人物形象分析130 A Survey of the M anifestations of “Babel” in the Movie Babel131 An Analysis of Huckleberry Finn’s Personality132 英语委婉语中的转喻现象分析133 从《看不见的人》中看黑人对自我身份的追求和探寻134 功能对等视角下记者招待会古诗词翻译策略研究135 课本剧在高中英语教学中的应用与研究136 对《汤姆叔叔的小屋》中人物的圣经原型解读137 英语专业听力课程教学效率的调查与分析138 从《篡夺》中看辛西娅奥兹克作品中的反偶像崇拜精神139 从功能对等的角度论英语习语翻译140 汉英“龙”文化浅析141 剖析希腊神话中的爱情观142 论《爱玛》中简奥斯丁的社会理想143 外国商标的中文翻译策略及其产品营销效应研究144 中美饮食文化的差异145 女权主义评论视角下的《金色笔记本》146 尼斯湖和西湖—中西方旅游性格差异研究147 从《京华烟云》探析林语堂的女性观148 论《简爱》中的女性意识149 A Comparison of the English Color Terms150 从接受美学浅谈英文电影片名的汉译151 Application of Cooperative Learning to English Reading Instruction in Middle School 152 《永别了,武器》中的自然象征意义153 《玻璃动物园》中的逃避主义解读154 英汉歌词衔接手段的对比及翻译155 礼貌原则在国际商务信函中的运用156 英语教育产业化对英语教育的影响157 广告翻译中的语用失误研究158 汉语语速性别对比研究159 亨利詹姆斯的《戴茜米勒》中的文化冲突和文化融合160 中英文化差异与翻译策略161 浅析短篇小说《我不再爱你》的荒诞性162 从《永别了,武器》试析海明威心目中的理想女性163 新闻新词的文化内涵与翻译164 夏洛克悲剧性原因探究165 道林格雷——《道林格雷的画像》中华丽外表下的丑恶心灵166 浅析国际商务谈判文化因素及其对策167 汤姆叔叔的小屋中汤姆形象分析168 合作原则在《红楼梦》习语英译中的应用169 论《最蓝的眼睛》中女主人公佩克拉的家庭关系170 英国喜剧电影和美国喜剧电影的不同特点分析171 英汉汽车广告中常用“滑溜词”的对比分析172 中美文化差异对其商务谈判的影响173 《欲望号街车》中布兰奇的悲剧成因分析174 从电影《刮痧》看东西方文化差异175 动之以情,晓之以理---浅析语法情景教学在中学英语课堂中的设计与运用176 论简爱的性格特征177 从女性主义分析《红字》与《傲慢与偏见》178 《玻璃动物园》中的逃避主义解读179 企业资料的翻译原则180 对《推销员之死》的价值探讨181 浅析《德伯维尔家的苔丝》中造成苔丝悲剧的因素182 分析《老人与海》主人公圣地亚哥的人物形象183 The Features of Classic-literature-based Movies Showed in Pride and Prejudice184 《麦田里的守望者》中霍尔顿的成长三部曲185 浅析隐藏在“面纱”之后的伯莎梅森186 论《喜福会》中母女关系背后的文化冲突187 影响英语专业学生理解英语习语的因素调查188 A Brief Analysis of the Auspicious Culture in the Wedding Custom Between China and Western Countries189 英语新闻标题的语言特点及翻译190 《本杰明富兰克林自传》和《嘉莉妹妹》美国梦的对比研究191 《红字》中的冲突192 对《德伯家的苔丝》苔丝的悲剧分析193 英语习语学习策略的探究194 《西风颂》两个汉译版本的文体分析195 动机理论在英语教学中的应用196 走出迷茫,寻回丢失的信念——富兰克林给毕业者的条忠告197 On Michael Moore's Fahrenheit / From the Rhetoric Perspective 198 A Comparison of the English Color Terms199 小说《嘉莉妹妹》中女性成长的分析200 《沉默的羔羊》三部曲中汉尼拔博士性格探析。
《野性的呼唤》金句赏析《野性的呼唤》,又名《荒野的呼唤》(The Call of the Wild),是美国作家杰克·伦敦创作的中篇小说。
作品讲述巴克原是米勒法官家的一只爱犬,经过了文明的教化,一直生活在美国南部加州一个温暖的山谷里。
后被卖到美国北部寒冷偏远、盛产黄金的阿拉斯加,成了一只拉雪橇的狗。
该作以一只狗的经历表现文明世界的狗在主人的逼迫下回到野蛮,写的是狗,也反映人的世界。
以下是其金句赏析:1.He got two experience in spite of this gathering in crowds and groups: when fighting, trying to protect themselves;他在这成群结队的刁难中明白了两条经验:在打群架的时候,要设法保护自己;2.In the battle with a single dog, to try to use the shortest time to call each other to eat the biggest loss.在跟单个狗战斗的时候,要设法用最短的时间叫对方吃最大的亏。
3.The paradox of life is that there is a state that marks the peak of life and beyond life. When a person is extremelyactive thoroughly forget yourself, this realm silently appeared.生活的矛盾之处在于有一种境界标志着生命的顶峰甚至超越了生命。
当一个人极度活跃彻底地忘掉自我的时候,这种境界便悄无声息地出现。
4.Life is like this, there is no fair rules of the game, once the fall, is the end of life.生活就是这样,没有公平的游戏法则,一旦倒下去,就是生命的终结。
杰克-伦敦与《野性的呼唤》[摘要]美国作家杰克·伦敦一生坎坷,富有戏剧性,短暂的创作生涯却十分多产,《野性的呼唤》等一批代表作以动物喻人,因其浪漫的冒险故事情节,深受读者喜爱,享有极高的文学声誉。
[关键词]杰克·伦敦;《野性的呼唤》一、引言(一)杰克·伦敦其人杰克·伦敦(JackLondon,1876~1916)的生平就像他的小说一样富有故事性。
杰克·伦敦早年生活十分贫穷。
他从小卖报,在罐头厂当童工,也在滚球场打杂,以贴补家庭。
十四岁那年,继父受伤,杰克·伦敦成了家庭经济支柱。
经济压力也驱使他当过“蠔贼”——夜间偷采养殖场的牡蛎。
接着他又一百八十度大转弯,一下子成了“渔业保护巡逻队”队员,专门逮捕盗窃鱼贝类的人。
1893年经济危机中,他参加“工人军”进军华盛顿,要求改善劳工生活。
示威失败后,他被当作“流浪汉”关进监狱。
杰克·伦敦早年只受过零星教育,十九岁那年才刚刚进奥克兰高中,但他决心今后要“以脑力谋生”。
此后,他一度成为激进的社会主义者,一次在公园因无证讲演又被关押。
1896年整整一个夏季,杰克·伦敦经过每天十九个小时的拼命温习,终于考入加利福尼亚大学,但不到一年就退学。
退学以后,他从亲戚处借得相当一笔钱,去加拿大克朗代克淘金。
一年以后,他没有淘到一粒金沙,却带着坏血症返回美国。
但他还带回了另一件东西:一本密密麻麻写满多篇小说构思和提要的笔记本。
这是他失败的一年,又是他一生中最有价值的一年。
杰克·伦敦几乎一动笔就获得成功。
从1899年起,他的短篇小说和文章在《大陆月刊》(OverlandMonthly)、《黑猫》(BlackCat)、《家《美国教育杂志》(AmericanJournalofEducation)、庭》(HomeMagazine)、《大西洋月刊》、《猫头鹰》(TheOwl)等刊物上相继出现。
1900年,他的第一本书——短篇小说集《狼的儿子》(TheSonoftheWolf)出版,并大受读者欢迎。
野性的呼唤英文读后感英文版野性的呼唤英文读后感英文版(精选11篇)《野性的呼唤》,又名《荒野的呼唤》(The Call of the Wild),美国著名作家杰克伦敦所著。
作品以一只狗的经历表现文明世界的狗在主人的逼迫下回到野蛮,写的是狗,也反映人的世界。
热望本已在,蓬勃脱尘埃;沉沉长眠后,野性重归来。
巴克原是米勒法官家的一只爱犬,经过了文明的教化,一直生活在美国南部加州一个温暖的山谷里。
后被卖到美国北部寒冷偏远、盛产黄金的阿拉斯加,成了一只拉雪橇的狗。
以下是小编为大家带来的野性的呼唤英文读后感英文版,希望大家喜欢。
野性的呼唤英文读后感英文版篇1“When the long winter nights come on and the wolves follow their meat into the lower valleys, he may be seen running at the head of the back through the pale moonlight or glimmering borealis, leaping gigantic above his followers, his great throat a bellow as he sings a song of the younger world, which is the song of the pack.”There was a script about the savage life in the frozen north of ice and snow. There were the unexplored north areas of America and the 19th-century Klondike Gold Rush which dragged men from the entire world into the hard wild to look for gold. There was a road where a gigantic dog like human fought his way to struggle in the wasteland. There was a civilized beast grew from mildness to wildness. And there came the call of the wild.The background and plotIn the 19th century, it was said that gold had been found in the Klondike area in Northern California of vast wilderness, so thousands of people rushed into this uncultivated ground to seekfor gold and fortune, which needed a large quantity of dogs to support for the transportation. There came up Buck story which we can’t define it as luckiness or unluckiness.Buck, a dog weighed one hundred and forty pounds, tall, strong, and heavy muscled, lived a cozy and comfortable life in a rich family of a Judge named Miller, but was soled by evil gardener to two dog dealers and was took to Alaska as a sled dog.Led by his second masters, two governmental couriers, he studied how to pull a sled and how to live in this cruel world where needed more cunning behavior and less fake moral and courtesy. For example, he learned to sleep in the snow hole to get warmness from the clod nights, and he learned to thief bacon and food from his masters and neighboring camps, as well as that, he learned how to fight effectively and efficiently with his antagonists and survive of the combat about the dominant leader with Spitz. In addition to those, he also went through the hardships in the toil on the ice layer, and he learned how to obtain the victory and stand on the wilderness which was beneficial to himself who can only fit the environment, but can’t defy the harness.After the arduous trace and trail, they finally reached the destination, and then, after a short break, dogs including Buck led by a Scotch half-breed man stepped again on the ice land with the Salt Water Mail. It was a hard trip and a monotonous life operating like machine that dogs must undertake the heave pulling and poor condition where they were tired and short of weight. Buck’ partner, Dave who had something wrong inside suffered most of all, but pride as he was, pulling the sled was his holy missionary job which can fulfill his life and must be doneuntil his death. However, the tough work was still continuous.Thirty days passes, by which time Buck and his mates found how really tired and weak they are until they arrived at the last town. They were in a wretched state, worn out and worn out, which was not the tiredness that came from a brief and excessive effort and can be recovered from some hours’ rest, but was the dead tiredness that came through the slow and prolonged strength drainage of months of toil and had to need a long vocation to evacuate. Nevertheless, only three days after they were bought by a family including a foolish woman, a callow and ignorant youngster, and a middle aged man with weak and watery eyes. Never mind of dog’s frazzle, the third masters t ried their best to lash out at them with whip, but Buck was not under very good command and not proud and interested of this career. Until they reached at the camp of Thornton, with the natural instinct and extreme weariness, Buck tolerated the whip from his so called masters and refused to go ahead which was his luckiness to meet his last master, Thornton.Without doubt, Thornton was a good master, full of wisdom, intelligence and love who can manage Buck’s life comfortably and in order. By the careful attendance form his new master, Buck was on his feet quickly and solidly. Filled with the loying love toward his master, Buck companied him, saved his life for several times and helped him win the gambling party. Then, they faced into the East on an unknown trail to achieve where men and dogs as good as themselves has failed, as the call from the wild became stronger and stronger which attracted Buck to leave the civilization to look for. The knife that cut out the bound of Buck between his masters was the mas ter’s deaths which left a void in the dog’s heart and a strengthened calling from the wild.Buck, a civilized dog, finally went back to wolves after thousands of generation by singing a song of the younger world, which is the song of the pack.Survive of the fittestThe Call of the Wild abounded in Darwinism which advocated the evolutionism and natural selection theory.In the process of having to leave the comfortable Miller’s house and adapt to the harsh primitive snowfield, Buck went through the changes from the mildness to wildness where he studied the law of club and fang and admitted the rule of failure without progress. “He had learned well the law of club and fang, and he never forewent an advantage or drew back from a foe he had started on the way t o death.” “He must master or be mastered,” “Kill or be killed, eat or be eaten, was the law; and this mandate, down out of the depths of time, he obeyed.”After analysis, we can find that related to the Darwinism, learning ability was an important factor of the victory of living of Buck. As a south dog living in the rich family and innocent environment, Buck was not wary of Manuel’s uncommon behavior, but situation has changed entirely after a period of barbaric life: he showed hostility to his all possible mates and took precaution of everything. As well as that, throwing away the moral standard and facing the death of starvation, Buck had an ability of thief. “This first theft marked Buck as fit to survive in the hostile Northland environment. It marked his adaptability, his capacity to adjust himself to changing conditions, the lack of which would have meat swift and terrible death.” In addition to those, his muscles became hard as iron, and he grew dumb to all ordinary pain, and he can successful take full use of all the elements no matter internal or external. That’s the progressionof Buck which can equip him with thick helmets from being hurt deeply and made him be the fittest.Not only did he learnt by experience, but instincts long dead became alive again. Maybe knowledge acquired by learning was Buck’s left hand, instincts his right. Good pedigree set up his first sense of a tall, strong and muscular potential king, while the instinct helped him to learn fast and save his life. “It was no task for him to learn to fight with cut and slash and the quick wolf snap.” “They came to him without effort or discovery, as though they had been his always.”Buck changed as his living environment changed. With the change of environment, Buck, compared to the previous southern family dog that was mild and gentle, acquired many abilities and skills. He tried his best to live by becoming cunning, cold-blood, and cruel which make him step forward on the road of corpse and blood. Survive of the fittest which is demonstrated by adaptation to the environment and wielding the law to protect himself and attack on others made him roared on the top of the food chain and return to wolves.All what Buck has done was not due to his reason and thought, but due to his fit. He was fit to everything surrounding him unconsciously and put him to the new way of living quickly.“The theory, ‘Survival of the fittest’, is the law of biological evolution which implies that plants or animals adapt to the environment to survive or to dieit is the biological survival rule of brutal biosphere.” That is to say, the key of this law is that those who can fit the environment can survive, on the contrary, those failed to fit would be obsolete under the rule of elimination.Peeping at Buck and his struggle, we can have a vision of us human that was also fighting in the battlefield with our matesand against our enemy. Filled with bustling stuff, we tried our best to stand on the top of right and authority only because that position would give us more materials and the sense of pride which we depended on to live. Flowers in the greenhouse didn’t know about the hardship of living, so they showed goodwill and send aroma to others; while life in the ice field where wind was blowing like knife and thick snow can bury people only showed a will of survive and cut up the useless goodness to wear on the coldness.We must do it because we had to do it. The pack of animal was like a society of people. Death and genocide would happen on us if we were not willing to fit the environment thoroughly. To dance with the shackle of survive of the fittest was the policy we should carry out forever, the reason why our human stood on the top of biologic chain, and the rule of living of every individual.My opinion on virtue and viceSome people had said virtue was the biggest treasure that human should obey. There is no doubt that kindness, loyalty, honor, love, companionship, sympathy, mercy, and other virtue should be followed. However, I argue that there is transformation between different virtue and even the virtue and vice.Showing the feature of three animals: dog, wolf and human, Buck was the bridge that connected the past and present. As the production of human civilization, dog was evolved from wolf and they would still howl on the wilderness if human didn’t raise and train them.Buck was a mirror from which we can see ourselves. Through this dog, writer told us that only in a place where sun darted its forth beams and everything was in order human will wear the coat of basic goodness, otherwise, kindness would be eliminatedif it met with the club and fang. In the cruel process of primitive accumulation of capitalism, mercy and sympathy was not needed for those quality can lead to death of innocent people. In the period of survive of the fittest, life was not concerned with civilization, while wilderness was the real marrow of life and echoing for the wilderness was the beginning of revival. Buck realized that “Mercy did not exist in the primordial life. It was misunderstood for fear, and such misunderstanding made for death.” This phenomenon can be seen in dogs as well as human. Wilderness were calling for human and eliminating the kindness in human’s heart stealthily.In A Treatise of Human Nature, British philosopher David Hume has said moral came from human’s emotion and conscience but not rationality. The essence of moral existed in the perceptual knowledge, but not rational knowledge. Therefore, the reason why moral distinctions had the division of virtue and vice was that the judgment of moral came from human’s attitude toward their internal actions and external objects. The judgment of moral came from our interest appeal; that is to say, the judgment of moral came from what was good to us, but not what is good.Let us think the question that which direction of Buck’s change to a beast was, progression or retrogression? The answer was that we can’t answer because he survived due to that he threw away those so called virtue and carry out those so called villainy. All what Buck did was under the pressure of living, and he responded to the call of the wild only because he wanted to live. Maybe in the comfortable and civilized Judge’s house, he would stick to the standard of moral and protect the respect of Judge’s riding wh ip by dying under his whip. But in this coldfield, sticking to those so called moral was a fool. Possibly in this kind of world, brutality, cold-bloodedness, cunning and so on was the moral.The division of virtue and vice was the refection of the division of civilization and wilderness to some degree. Maybe we can’t define what moral was and what vice was now in some scene, but we can try to last for enough time to seek for the answer.Run after the free lifeThe call from the wild stood for human’s natur e to run after a simple, independent and free life.Buck was bored of the complex life where he must deal with such a big net of relationship. He just wanted to run and leap through the forest, howled under the grey moonlight, ate what he liked and killed what he liked without many rules to obey. No one desired to live a complicated life for it’s difficult and tiring to reckon other people, while life in the wilderness was just that eat or eaten, kill or killed and there was no middle ground. Easy and simple life was set up on the uncivilized world where creatures didn’t have so much relation and elements to consider. Only being independent from all that can we find what we wanted.When unpracticed Charles and his relatives sunk in a ice hole, writer said th at “A yawning hole was all that was to be seen.” That hole was a capitalistic vast mouth that can eat people, but which would be rotten if we escaped from it. “Here a yellow stream flows from rotted moosehide sacks and sinks into the ground, with long grasses growing through it and vegetable mould overrunning it and hiding its yellow from the sun.” The gold that Thornton got has become a yellow stream because theywere eroded by natural power and lost their value. Imagine in a world where was entirely natural and uncivilized, gold, a kind of iron and currency, was entirely futile, isn’t it?Being free of human world and even free of materials, Buck got a totally new life where he can run at the head of the pack through the pale moonlight to release his vitality and got comfort from nature. We needed materials actually, but material was void actually. How can we get free? To get free of our hearts.ConclusionThere are two sentences I’d like to mention. First, human beings, never degenerate into beasts. Second, beasts, never degenerate into human beings. Correctness of those two sentences should be discussed.Human’s progression began in the point when human beings evolved from wilderness period to civilization, but the retrogression also began at the point when people shared the feast of civilization. For us who are far away from the wilderness and raised and trained by civilization, this book gives us a new vision.Sometimes a picture floating in my mind: in the icy forest, a silhouette of Buck as a wolf caned his neck to howl toward the pale moonlight to echo the howling of pack. That’s the song of animal, and the chant of human, and the snarl of life.野性的呼唤英文读后感英文版篇2The Call of the Wild is London’s most-read book, and generally considered his best, the most masterpiece of his so-called “early period“.The story was set in 19th-century Klondike Gold Rush, in which sled dogs were bought at generous prices.Buck was a domestic dog in Judge Miller’s home and living a comfortable life until he was sold secretly by the poor gardenerand became a sled dog. Buck was a Bernard dog weighed one hundred and forty pounds, tall, strong, and hea一vy muscled. He couldn’t accommodate to the harsh condition at first. And he wanted to fight, to escape, to go back to his cozy home, but in vain.The man in red taught him the law of stick and club-one must first adjust himself to his surroundings and learn the rules, and only after that he can do what he wants to do. The club of the man in red called back Buck’s nature as a dog.When he firstly served for Fran?ois and Perrault, two couriers, he showed his superior ability to adapt to the environment and his smartness to learn everything he wanted to learn. Curly’s death astonished him and taught him to be cautious. And before he had recovered from the shock caused by the tragic passing of Curly, he was harnessed as a sled dog and step by step wanted to be the leader. But the leading dog, Spitz, was already an excellent one, who also considered Buck as enemy and potential competitor. At last, when Spitz once punished him, hurling backward Buck, he knew the time had come. He killed Spitz and took his place.When they pulled into Dawson, Buck was sold as useless thing to three gold diggers, who weren’t veteran in sledding and even didn’t k now how to get to their destination. Food was eaten up half way. So Charles, one of the three, decided to kill Buck when he couldn’t get up. However, when he aimed at Buck, John Thornton sprang upon him, knocked him down and told him that if Charles stroke Buck, Thornton would kill him.Thus, Thornton took Buck away. He was the only true friend of Buck. But Buck was a thing of the wild, especially when the calling of wolf from the hills. Once when he came back from hills,he found that Thornton was killed by Indians. What would you do if you were Buck when your beloved friend was killed? Buck became a nut and killed those headsmen and stayed with Thornton for two days and nights, never lea一ving Thornton out of his sight. And then a nearby wolf howl captures his ears, and he follows the sound to an approaching wolf pack, battling several of these creatures to prove his worth.野性的呼唤英文读后感英文版篇3At the beginning of this century, many new writers emerged with the introduction of many new ideas. Among them, Jack London was the most popular one.His most famous novel is the call of the wild . Although it is a story about a dog, Buck, it vividly depicts the life in the primitive North where people rushed for gold and fortune.Buck, used to belong to a judge, was kidnapped and sold to North. Then he became a member of a dog-team pulling a sled . In the days of pulling a snow-sled, he learned to conform to the law of nature and obey the master. Finally, he found a basic instinct hidden inside him, which enabled himself to survive the tough environment. This is the call of the wild.When you read the story, you will feel that Buck is a man instead of a dog, struggling with his fortune and conforming to the law of nature.Though short, it is really a thrilling story. What you never forget is the tough life in the nature, the brave and crafty dog. Maybe the wild is calling you to go ahead.While writing for only 16 years throughout his life, London produced an amazing body of work among which, White Fang, Martin Eden, the Valley of the Moon are representative.野性的呼唤英文读后感英文版篇4" He sings a song of the younger world, which is the song of the pack." (Chapter VII The Sounding of the Wild) When the last sentence vanished from my eyes, I can still perceive an echo of a song - a wild song, which knocks up my dizzy mind that always cheerfully sink into the so-called civilized world without questioning. Wild, is no longer a symbol of the law of jungle but a headspring where streams out love, passion, bravery, loyalty, friendship, venture, competition and tolerance all these virtues can easily be found in the Call of the Wild.Jack London (1876-1916) is a worldwide renowned novelist. His stories successfully reflect the contradictory views of man’s nature and destiny in and against the wild, and his "fight to survive" notion has gained him and his works timeless popularity, particularly, the Call of the WildIt tells a story of a gigantic dog, named Buck, who is stolen from a rich and comfortable home and forced to learn to survive as an Alaskan sled dog. Buck, at first, is too savage for the company of man until he coincidently encounters his beloved master-kindhearted John Thornton. Finally, John’s incidental death breaks Buck’s last tie to the man and drives him into his long-desired wild with his pack. In the story, Buck and John simply adopt themselves to answer the call of the wild. When it comes to Buck’s mind that one day he will eventually leave John- his master, all he wants to do is just to help him finish the gold-rush-trip. He " from then on, night and day, never put a halt, in desperation, he burst into long stretch of flight, did not to stay him (John)…" (Chapter VII The Sounding of The Wild) Buck wished to remember John’s image forever, he "for two days and nights never left camp, never let Thornton out of his sight. He followed him about at his work, watched him while saw him intoblankets at night and out of them in the morning…" (Chapter VII) When I read these words I just could not hold my tears bursting. Can a real man devote himself to loyalty and friendship in such a way? On the other hand, John Thornton is not only a dog-lover but also a brave and venturous man. He is so straightforward and simple that makes him an accommodating man. Once he firmly roots a goal into his heart, it seems that nothing could prevent him from accomplishing it except death. I do not know whether the persistence is the most vital element to make a man successful, but what I know is that you are not far away from success once you occupy it.It is Jack London who plunges me into the animated wild from the hustle-and-bustle and from desperate city. There, I merely cannot deny the attraction of Buck’s bark, which enlightens me to pursue another lost half of the nature in mankind, and to dig out a true meaning of life. Dare we imagine that London intentionally employs Buck to set us a model with perfect characters (count barbarity out)? The answer is affirmed. We, as animals, are from the wild but shedding off more and more wild signs, which demonstrate us as the "uncivilized". However, who can fully guarantee that we have not overlooked some essential wild-endowed virtues? Especially, nowadays, it seems more crucial for us to stop looking at the post-industrialized world and to ponder for a while. When cheats, betrayals, lies, lusts and crimes stuff a materialized society, whether London uses this novel to help himself escape the reality or warn the earthy people, to us, modern man, is all the same.() It appears horrible that in modern society many people are enthusiastically talking about how to build up "special relations" to the authority, deceiving and lying to each other.To them life is a mask-wearing process rather than a hard work. Every time, you browse WebPages, scandals in politics, business, the entertainment circle and even on campus crowd into your eyes. Oh, what is the essence of human beings? What is the civilization to us? Do we need to look back at where we came from? Is it good or bad for us to speak out what we think and to do what the consciences demand us to? Are we wasting talents given by the mighty nature? Be an honest, straightforward, warmhearted, emotional and responsible man or be a shrewd, cold hearted and astute hypocrite? While embracing the "civilized" rubbish, we are losing those good virtues, which are the calls of the wild. Once we lose them, we are to lose ourselves, and we will get nowhere. I wish this dreadful thought is totally a fallacy, but, now, it is chilling me hard.One day when I happen to stand on the top of a grand mountain to observe a boundless prairie enveloped by the sapphire firmament and combed by gusts of the rhythmical west wind, a morning sun sprinkles me her warmth and brilliance in a graceful way, however, at that moment, I am afraid that I cannot appreciate these beauties, I am a lost " civilized man" then.野性的.呼唤英文读后感英文版篇5The story sounds like just a dog tale at first--a dog, Buck, is kidnapped from his comfortable life in California and sold as a sled dog for the Alaskan gold rush. While he endures the wilderness and the other dogs, Buck learns that survival comes only with tooth and fang. This lesson brings him very close to his forbears, the wolves.If you look deeper, Call of the Wild is as much a story of humans as it is a dog tale. Buck encounters various incompetent masters who try to break his spirit. Are we like this? But Buck alsolearns to trust a master who is gentle and gives love. We can be like this, too.Call of the Wild is not a story for the squeamish or very young. By involving us in the characters lives, Jack London tells the truth. It is a life-and-death war between the harsh land and the soul every day. There is blood, death, cruelty--but its the truth. 野性的呼唤英文读后感英文版篇6Book review: The call of the wildAs a type of novelette, I wasnt used to this cos Ive just finished HarryPotter so in occasions novelette wrote very briefly. The background of the author was very poor, and precisely the time to seek gold. Part of the novel means to expose the hardness of dogs at that time. Men were crazy about gold, the main character, Buck, was stolen by a Gardener of a lawyer who owns Buck.The man with the red sweater taught him the law of clubs, this was a good beginning. The trading road led him at last to two couriers, who knew how to treat dogs. Then the dog team was traded to a three-people family who were seeking good in Alaska. But they didnt know how to treat dogs and at last dogs and men were drowned in the water, except Buck. He was picked up by a man. And eventually Buck was back to the wild-where his ancestors had been.In my opinion a good novel could make readers cry, yell, etc.I clenched my fist when the Family treated the dog team badly, and had a wonderful feeling when the man picked up Buck and treated him like his own son. I t had feeling, this novel…野性的呼唤英文读后感英文版篇7As a dignified individual, survival seems to be the subject of our discussion forever. But in this hard way of survival, the desirefor "life", often let us forget the species. Buck was one of those dogs who worked hard to survive, developed a knack for hardship and eventually became the leader of the pack. But whether it is Barker, or the authors other characters, their hearts are full of longing and yearning for "life". But in this extreme environment and the human strength of the collision, we face the cruelty of competition, witness the true meaning of life.The hero of the novel is a dog named Buck. Set during the Alaskan Gold Rush, the story follows Buck as he climbs from a domesticated Southern dog to a barbarian state in order to survive in the treacherous conditions of the North. Buck is a huge cross dog, he was secretly sold from the family of the south, after several difficulties began to set foot on the road of gold, became a sled working dog, in the cruel domestication process, he realized the justice and the law of nature, the harsh living environment taught him the meaning of cunning and deceit, He took his own cunning and deceit to an unsurpassed level, and after a brutal, even mortal, struggle, he finally established himself as the leader dog. We can get a sense of the mental outlook of different people through the change of owners during the arduous sledding journey. It was in these movements, too, that Buck formed a deep and deep bond with the last master, who had rescued him from the most strenuous drudgery, and whom he had rescued many times. Finally, after the tragic death of his beloved master, he went out into the wilderness, answering the ancient wild call he had heard and yearned for so many times along the way.Buck was only a dog, but his arduous path reflected the true meaning of personal struggle in the age in which the writer lived. It was also a reflection of the naturalism prevalent in Americansociety during the period of the treacherous development of capitalism. On this road, in such a dangerous natural and social environment, only the elite and the strong have the possibility of survival. If they lack the ability to adapt to the changing conditions, it means a quick and tragic death. In front of the laws of nature, man is insignificant and helpless. Moreover, in the struggle for existence, any moral concept becomes "a kind of vanity and an obstacle". On the one hand, this shows the sinister living environment at that time, on the other hand, it also reveals the immoral side of the capitalist society. In such a society, under the action of natural law, the primitive desire, moral decay, the loss of civilization, all show incisively and vividly. Therefore, if survival is the highest goal of human activity, then the process of animal survival is the process of violent meeting and killing each other. Only through the struggle of the law of the jungle, can we ensure the continued survival of the "elite" or "strong" with competitive advantages. Therefore, it fully expresses the authors naturalism thought.The more civilized man is, the more stable his life is, so that in a civilized society things are laid out clearly and there are few accidents. But when something goes wrong, and its serious enough, its the end of the world for those who cant adapt. And Bucks experience also tells us: life is often intense and painful, but in fact it is more full of vitality and vitality and we want to be the strong of life.Thats what survival is all about. There is no justice. Once youre down, youre down. So be careful not to fall. Life on the road, there is no plain sailing, there is no constant, he often changes patterns to teach us to be strong, and we have to do is to accept his arrangement, in perseverance through the cold。
浅谈杰克.伦敦小说《野性的呼唤》的生态批评观的论文本文从网络收集而来,上传到平台为了帮到更多的人,如果您需要使用本文档,请点击下载按钮下载本文档(有偿下载),另外祝您生活愉快,工作顺利,万事如意!摘要:生态批评是随着人类文明程度的提高导致环境的恶化而产生的。
其主要任务就是探讨人与自然的关系,特别是关注人类发展对环境的负面影响。
笔者从目前学术界日益兴起并不断发展成熟的生态批评理论的视角对杰克·伦敦的动物小说《野性的呼唤》进行重新阐释,既是该理论不断发展的深化同时也有着很强的现实意义,对人们重新认识和解读杰克·伦敦有着积极的拓展价值。
关键词:生态危机;生态批评:人与动物;人与自然一、生态批评的缘起、发展与现状生态问题是现当代人类世界共同面临的最大的社会问题之一,这一问题已从未有过的急迫性和严重性被称为“生态危机”,这种生态危机对人类的威胁随着人类文明的矛盾进步而备受人们关注。
2003年肆虐全国的“非典”,前几年一直挥之不去的“禽流感”以及最近在全球范围内引起人们恐慌的“h1n1流感”,因其病毒产生的特鹜性和变异的人为性,更加加剧了人对当前环境的焦虑。
作为一种文学理论范式,生态批评是通过立足于文学发展的时代脉搏,以特定的角度研究文学创作和文学文本,探索并反思人们的生存方式和文明的发展模式。
生态批评置身于“ 现代之后”众声喧哗的文学话语之中,强调以关注自然生态的价值立场,来“指导”或“反驳”文学创作。
与种种生态主义思想诸如生态伦理、生态哲学相比,文学上的生态批评的兴起要晚得多。
它作为一种文学和文化批评倾向,其思想端倪出现在20世纪70年代。
世纪上半叶的生态伦理思想成为了生态批评最直接的精神资源,其中最主要的是史怀泽的“敬畏生命”伦理和利奥波德的“大地伦理”。
到20世纪90年代中期,伴随着对“现代性”及其带来的问题反省,生态批评在美国文学界初步形成,进而在其他各国迅速发展。
生态批评集中在对表达人与自然关系的作品中考察。
王晓辉(洛阳理工学院外语系,河南洛阳 471003)摘要:《野性的呼唤》是美国著名作家杰克·伦敦的作品。
小说描写一只名叫巴克的狗被骗卖到北方之后逐渐由狗变成狼的过程。
在巴克身上,不仅可以看到作者的身影,也可以看到作者的渴望和追求。
可以说,巴克是杰克·伦敦生活的真实反映和写照。
关键词:巴克;杰克·伦敦;野性的呼唤;生活写照中图分类号:I712.074 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1673-2596(2011)02-0129-02 《野性的呼唤》是杰克·伦敦最有名的动物小说之一。
可以说,他在世界文坛的地位与成就,很大程度上得益于以《野性的呼唤》为代表的动物小说。
小说叙述了一只名叫巴克的狗,从南方一个法官家庭被偷卖到冰天雪地气候恶劣的阿拉斯加做雪橇狗,不断适应逐渐变强,最后回归自然,成为一只领头狼的故事。
小说虽是写狗,实则写人,虽写的是动物社会,实则影射人类社会。
仔细对比就会发现,巴克和伦敦本人在很多方面都有着惊人的相似,巴克的经历折射了伦敦自己的经历,巴克的渴望也反映着伦敦的渴望。
可以说,巴克在一定程度上就是伦敦自己,是伦敦的现实和理想自我的结合。
一、巴克身上体现的杰克·伦敦(一)恶劣的生存环境巴克被偷卖给狗贩子后,生活环境发生了巨大的变化。
他被关进了笼子,几经周折,来到加拿大北部的淘金地带。
他失去了自由和原来受到的尊重,稍有反抗就会受到毒打。
加入雪橇狗的行列后,目睹和经历的更是动物群落中原始的野蛮。
科利的悲惨经历让他明白,这里没有友谊和关爱,只有恃强凌弱,一旦倒下,就是死亡,毫无公平可言。
为了生存,他变得谨小慎微。
为了吃饱不挨饿,他在食物不被偷的前提下去偷别人。
为了争夺领导权,他们进行着残酷的厮杀。
这里他们不会“为了某种道义去死”,而是“在该保护某种道义时却逃之夭夭,使自己免于丧命”。
动物间残酷的竞争只是生活的一部分,人类的残酷压迫更加的无法忍受。
在不到5个月时间里他们跑了2500英里,他们严重需要休息时,却因为体力不济被卖给了另外3个人。
第41卷第6期2022年6月哈尔滨学院学报JOURNAL OF HARBIN UNIVERSITYVol.41Ne.0Jun.2022[文章编号]1004—5856(2020)06—0078—05论杰克・伦敦《野性的呼唤》的人性哲思孟宏玉(晋中职业技术学院机电工程学院,山西晋中030600)[摘要]《野性的呼唤》是美国多产作家杰克•伦敦的成名之作,也是动物题材小说之翘楚。
小说讲j了一只名唤"巴克”的家犬,在历经生活剧变与生存挤压后逃离"文明”社会、回归荒野成为狼族首领的传奇故事。
作品发表X已逾百年,但其%象征主义手法展现的人性蜕变与成长隐喻等,于当下依然具有普世共情的话语空间,成为其出版价值与传播意义之所在。
[关键词]杰克•伦敦;野性的呼唤;人性[中图分类号]I71.279[文献标识码]A杰克•伦敦于极端贫困中长大,曾以流浪罪获捕入狱,出狱后适逢阿拉斯加淘金热,他加入了这一行列,虽因病空手而归,但却积累了丰富的创作素材,《野性的呼唤》一书就是以这一背景创作而成”杰克•伦敦以主人公巴克的遭遇隐喻自身经历,讲述了其在险恶的生存环境下由宠物犬沦为苦役犬,最后成长为狼族首领的蜕变”小说情节并不复杂,杰克•伦敦以史诗般的语言,将荒野的壮阔与严酷、人性的复杂与厚重呈现于读者面前,带给读者诸多哲学思考,以此呼吁世人摆脱异化“文明”之禁锢,回归原始本真,追溯生命本源”-、“原型意象”的人性刻画当现实中难以洞察和谐的存在与完满的人性时,具有原始属性的动物就成为人们探寻灵魂真相、应对道德危机的原型意象,也是原始人性——人的本质性的象征”《野性的呼唤》就承载了这一意象与象征,以人与动物互相渗透的超现实想象与多维复合的人性特征,印证了古老的文学母题与人类经验的深层积淀”关于“原型意象”,荣格曾提到,它是“无数同类经验的心理凝结物,具有集体的与人类普遍的意识与潜意识””小说中,主人公巴克就是这样一个“原型意象”,其蕴含三重属性:其一,巴克以dvi:1.3969/j.issn.104-5856.2020.06.020狗的形态出现,而“狗”则具有“类”的属性;其二,杰克•伦敦赋予“狗”一个姓名,实则给其一个身份标识,用以显示“狗”这一意象的“人”之属性,使之脱离单纯的动物性,具备人的思维能力与情感需求,此乃拟人化的处理方式;其三,巴克体内蕴藏着潜在的、隐性的原始属性,即“狼性””杰克•伦敦将看似独立而矛盾的三种属性糅合于一身,塑造了巴克丰满的“人化”形象,却无丝毫突兀与不适感,这固然与人性的多面与复杂息息相关:人性既有类似“犬”的忠实温顺的一面,亦有“人”固有的机智圆滑的一面,还有接近于“狼”的野性残酷的一面”主人公巴克虽为动物,但杰克•伦敦却赋予其灵性,意在将“原型意象”人格程度深化,使之由直观外形的描述转化为形神交融的统一”作者以写实的特征,一面细致描摹着他们的外形与习性,一面赋予其人的思维能力与行为方式,呈现人化的内心世界,既维持着客观性,又尽可能将其拟人化,在人性与兽性间有分寸地拿捏着主人公的人格”巴克生就优秀的血统与矫健的体格,“他状态极佳,并无一丝多余的脂肪,一百五十磅的体魄,展现出雄健与刚毅,厚实的皮毛闪烁着丝缎一般的光芒,颈下与两肩的鬃毛微竖,仿佛随着每个动作向上耸立,充沛的活力似乎使每根毛发都活跃起来。
论杰克·伦敦及其《野性的呼唤》中“个人奋斗主义”思想蛋论杰克?伦敦及其《野性的呼唤》中"个人奋斗主义"思想林海霞吾文泉(南通大学外国语学院,江苏南通226019)摘要:在杰克?伦敦的杰作《野性的呼唤》中,人们普遍聚焦于小说中批判现实主义和社会自然主义的融合,而没有挖掘出小说体现的一个重要思想——个人奋斗主义小说字里行间处处可见其主角正是通过不懈的个人奋斗而获得生存的一席之地.关键词:《野性的呼唤》杰克?伦敦个人奋斗主义读者普遍认为,杰克-伦敦的杰作《野性的呼唤》是一部自然主义者呼吁关注生态自然的动物小说,我们却持不同意见.我们认为.杰克?伦敦关注的焦点仍是"人"的生存以及生存的艰辛.作为贫民百姓的一员,杰克?伦敦写了很多关于当代社会底层百姓生存艰难的作品.他在用批判现实主义者视角看待这个世界的同时,深刻揭露资本主义原始积累的罪恶,所以我们认为这部动物小说的主题聚焦于"人"上.主人翁巴克只是一面镜子,他的遭遇更是"人"在现实社会的反映.而这里的"人"字.以我们之见,即为作者本人最恰当不过,可以说这是作者杰克?伦敦的又一部自传体小说,只不过形式发生了变化.以一只狗来象征着"人"的生存处境.小说中批判现实主义与自然主义的体现备受读者青睐,但作品中另一重要思想即杰克?伦敦的"个人奋斗主义"观却很少引起读者的重视.事实上作家杰克?伦敦不仅仅是批判现实主义者,社会自然主义者,还是典型的个人奋斗主义者.个人奋斗主义者最典型的特征:来自底层社会平苦出生,为实现从底层进入上流社会尊严体面的生活梦想敢于奋斗拼搏,甚至为了金钱利益铤而走险.但个人奋斗不是批判为了个人而奋斗的狭隘.而是强调一种精神,一种为了理想而奋斗的精神.作者的生平经历正是个人奋斗主义的体现,巴克在作品中的种种遭遇.极大程度上反映了现实生活的作者.巴克的个人奋斗经历酷似杰克?伦敦本人从一无所有到登上资产阶级顶峰的奋斗经历.本文即以《野性的呼唤》的主人公巴克为着眼点,分析杰克? 伦敦的三个主义在这部动物题材小说里的融合,分析作品中杰克?伦敦的个人奋斗主义的体现,而这也正是杰克?伦敦这部动物题材的小说不同于其他作家动物小说最主要的地方.杰克?伦敦不仅仅是个批判现实主义作家和社会自然主义者.作为美国二十世纪杰出的批判现实主义作家和一位自然主义者①,杰克?伦敦关注得更多的是社会"人"的生存,表达了作者个人信奉的"适者生存,强者生存"达尔文主义观点②.社会自然主义者跟其他的批判现实主义者不同的是他们能看到并真实描述社会的黑暗面,杰克?伦敦在用挑剔的眼光看这个世界的同时,没有逃避沉迷或自暴自弃,而是选择个人奋斗.通过个人奋斗得到他所想要的.甚至他的自杀也可视为一种刚强不屈的表现.在他看来,死亡是回归自然最好的方式,死亡是与上帝同在的最好途径:活着只是同流合污,只是苟且偷生,才是一种真正的无能.所以杰克?伦敦的自杀是他的社会自然主义的体现.而在作品《野性的呼唤》中,当巴克的生活经历完全展现在读者面前的时候,我们可以彻底领悟巴克为什么选择回到大森林;杰克?伦敦为什么在到达了成功的巅峰之时选择放弃人类社会的一切,与上帝同在.说到底.这两种结局都是同样的,表现了两者对人类社会的厌倦,对资本主义社会的不满与反抗.人生经历是个人奋斗主义的体现:丰富的人生经历是杰克?伦敦写作的源泉.而杰克?伦敦在写作上的成功也正是个人奋斗主义的典证由于贫穷,杰克?伦敦读完语法学校就不得不自求谋生以养活自己甚至全家.为了生活,他当过零杂丁,工人,牡蛎海盗,水手,地铁工,记者.1896年加入阿拉斯加淘金者的行列,结果空手而归.阿拉斯加的冷酷,残忍,萧杀,严寒,饥饿,都成为杰克?伦敦小说的素材,为他的不朽之作作了坚实的铺垫. 一个杰出的作家必须有各种生活经验的体验,只有身体力行,亲身体验.才会写得有血有肉,才会融人灵魂.这就是为什么杰克?伦敦的这部举世之作经久不衰的原因之一当然,从另一个角度来说.杰克?伦敦的个人生活经历如此坎坷不幸.令他疲惫不堪:个人奋斗的人生道路上的种种遭遇,也让他深切社会之不满他靠自己的努力,虽为每天的饥饱一筹莫展而不忘挑灯夜读.通过长期大量阅读自学成才,从一个没有受过高等教育的低层劳苦人民.到一个家喻户晓的作家,这一切都是他通过坚持不懈的个人奋斗而获得的.杰克?伦敦的个人奋斗经历可以是他个人奋斗主义的一个典证. 他对现实社会的批判也正是通过他对现实社会种种丑恶现象绘声绘色的叙述,把资本主义社会低层劳动人民被剥削被压迫的痛苦不堪的生活.淋漓尽致地展现在读者面前.在那个资本主义发展欣欣向荣的年代.个人奋斗的力量在整个资本主义社会显得如此的单薄与渺小,而要生存,作为贫苦的劳动人民当中的一员,别无他路可走,只有不甘自暴自弃,积极奋斗, 才能打拼出自己生存的一席之地.曲折丰富的人生经历是作者个人奋斗主义最忠实的体现.杰克?伦敦的代表作《野性的呼唤》通过成功地塑造主人公巴克形象表达了作者个人信奉的"适者生存.强者生存"的达尔文主义观点和支持鼓励个人奋斗的人生哲学.小说中,巴克由一只高傲,养尊处优的宠物狗,变成一个在恶劣环境下越挫越勇,自强不息的超狗形象.这一切都是源于个人奋斗的力量与勇气,源于对黑暗社会现实的一种积极抵抗,以及对未来充满希望的执着追求.巴克原来过着安逸舒适,养尊处优的生活,然而不幸最终还是来临.它被主人的一个园丁卖给了狗贩子,被运送到冰天雪地的北方拉雪橇,没有仁爱友谊,没有公平正义,到处充满惊恐邪恶,严寒饥饿的原始荒野带给巴克的是惊心动魄的遭遇.在这样恶劣的环境下,曾经过着优越贵族生活的巴克能撑得下来吗?"……巴克学会了快速进食.因为如果他吃得慢了,别的狗就会偷他的食物吃.……巴克适应了北方的生存方式.他偷得巧妙又隐蔽,牢牢记着那个拿大棒的男人给他的痛打.巴克正在学会如何对付大棒和牙齿.他学会了吃各种食物——吃只要他咬得动的任何一种东西.他学会了用脚破冰取水来解渴.他变得更加强壮,威猛,嗅觉和视觉也比以前更发达了.……"在恶劣的环境下,巴克没有退缩.没有畏惧,而是选择主动适应,以及坚持不懈地奋斗,靠自己的力量力争生存的一席之地.一方面是恶劣的客观自然环境,一方面是他的买主——人类对他的肉体与灵魂的种种折磨和无尽的滥用,他被迫没日没夜地工作,挨饿受冻,挨打受骂.累得只剩下皮包骨头还是要听主人随时随地的使唤.否则就挨鞭●瞪诗歌朗诵比赛浅谈王存凤(山西财经大学经济技术学院,山西太原030000)诗歌是一种精炼,形象,具有节奏韵律的语言.朗诵诗歌,是对具体一篇诗歌进行还原再现的过程,要求朗诵者了解作者的生平思想,诗歌风格和时代背景,领会诗歌主题的意义和艺术特色:疏通字义,理解关键词语的深刻内涵;进入诗歌的意境,领会作者的思想感情:有一口流利的普通话,并具有一定的演讲能力,只有这样,才能达到一种较高的朗诵境界,并能让听众陶醉在一种美好的艺术享受中.我从诗歌朗诵评委的角度,谈谈诗歌朗诵普遍存在的问题.一,发音不准,吐字不清.严重影响了朗诵效果朗诵是以看不见,摸不着的声音形式将文字作品所描写的事物,阐发的事理,蕴含的情思再现出来.如果字不正,腔不圆,就会直接影响表达效果因此,朗诵者需要学习发音技巧. 如,平舌音的发音要领是:发Z,c,s音时,舌尖一定要向前平伸抵在下齿背后,其稍后部位隆起与上齿龈部前接触形成阻碍; 发zh,ch,sh时,舌尖一定要翘起与硬腭前端接触.在发前鼻韵母时,舌尖要抵住上牙床,不要后缩,舌根不要拾起来,韵尾一n 要收紧:发后鼻音时,舌头要后缩,舌根高抬,抵住软腭,声带震颤,气流从鼻腔透出.舌尖不要向前移动或抬起.另外.还要注意n和l,f和h的发音区别.掌握了汉字的发音要领,还要注意汉字声调的变化,儿化,轻声等方面的情况,才能在朗诵中彰显声音之美感.二,不能进入诗歌的意境,领会作者的感情诗歌的意境就是文学作品所描绘的生活情境(或自然环境)与作者强烈的思想案情融合而成的一种艺术境界.进入诗歌的意境,必须从分析诗歌的形象人手,通过想象和联想,沿着诗歌感情发展的线索.把减少的成分添加进来,把隐含的意义揭示出来,把省略的过程衔接起来,把间歇的语气连接起来,把跳跃的感情连缀起来.特别是把言外之意,弦外之音挖子抽打,即使这样也得不到主人的怜悯,而且同类还跟他抢食.抢暖和的被窝在这样的恶劣环境下.巴克选择的是站起来反抗,学会偷吃,填饱自己的肚皮,学会破冰取水,等等,把自己养得强壮威猛,这样才有力气干活,逃避主人的鞭打,才能对付同类的犬牙.在如此恶劣的环境下.巴克不但没有被击倒,反而越挫越勇,一个真正的勇士形象出现在读者面前: …巴克抵得上lO条狼'弗朗索瓦斯开始给狗套挽具.他需要一条新的头犬.并觉得索拉克斯最合适不过了.但是巴克却扑向索拉克斯.抢了他的位子……",说中处处可见巴克的反抗与挑战.这也是个人奋斗主义的体现.与到处充满弱肉强食,尔虞我诈,金钱至上,人性泯灭,为了财富不择手段的人类社会相比.野性十足的森林大自然对巴克来说更有吸引力,更适合它的生活.然而自然森林里一样有残酷的竞争,巴克必须靠自己的力量和勇气获得自己生存的一席之地."……巴克对他们整个来说.太过迅捷,太强壮,也太聪明了.半小时之后狼群停止了进攻.开始撤退.有一头狼缓缓地走上前来,做出友好的姿态:他们互相碰碰鼻子致意.……野性的呼唤在巴克耳边响彻.狼群前进了,他们返回森林,巴克和他们一起并肩奔跑.……".④巴克最终靠自己的力量与勇气赢得森林狼群的信赖与接受,可以说这一结局也正是巴克个人奋斗主义的体现,在战斗和挑战面前,没有同情或退让,没有退缩畏惧,只有勇气与信念才能赢得成功.四巴克最终的回归自然正是作者杰克.伦敦对自杀的人生结局的影射.巴克在北方冰天雪地等恶劣环境的奋斗象征了作者杰克?伦敦这样一个来自资本主义社会底层劳苦人民的人生生活背景中的痛苦挣扎和不懈的个人奋斗.除了Martin Eden,JohnBarleycorn等通过成功塑造"人"的形象来进行自传描述的小说作品之外,透过社会自然主义者的视线,这部以动物为主人公来描写的小说其实也正是鲜为人知的一部精彩自传作品的呈现.而这些自传作品的一个共同的主题,就是对现实社会黑暗之处如实地描述,反映一批劳苦人民穷困潦倒的生活.这无疑是对蒸蒸日上发展着的资本主义社会的一个重重的提醒:资本主义的弊端是不争的事实,如果社会的发展建立在对劳苦大众的剥削和压迫的基础上,终有一日会自取灭亡再回过头来看看我们现在所生存的竞争如此激烈的社会,24作者所推崇的个人奋斗主义无疑也为迷茫的人们指引了一条道路:在挑战与竞争面前,没有退缩,没有退让,唯有奋起直追,奋发图强,才是唯一的生存之道.注释:①美国威勒德.索普着的《二十世纪美国文学》作为大学教材,其中把杰克?伦敦归入到"自然主义小说家"一节中.②王长荣在《现代美国小说史》中认为《野性的呼唤》的主题是爱的价值和按公平的规则比赛.仲景川在《二十世纪小说史》中用"生存斗争,适者生存"的观点来解释《野性的呼唤》的主题,是这一阶段大部分教材的统一观点.③杰克?伦敦.野性的呼唤[M].Chapter4:WhoHasWonto Mastership.(杰克?伦敦.野性的呼唤[M].Chapter8:TbeCall0f11heWild.参考文献:[1]杰克?伦敦着.吕艺红,筒定宇译.野性的呼唤[M].武汉:长江文艺出版社,2007.[2]Hedrick,JoanD.SolitaryComrade:JackLondonandHisWork【M].ChapelHill:UniversityofNoahCarolinePress,1982. [3]阿尔贝特?施韦泽着.陈泽环译.敬畏生命[M].上海社会科学院出版社.20o3.[4]李怀波.杰克?伦敦的形象在中国的接受与转化[J].山东外语教学,2004.[5]朱宝荣.杰克?伦敦"狗的小说"与自然主义[J].荆州师范学院.2002.[6]朱维之,赵澧.外国文学史:欧美部分[M].天津:南开大学出版社.1985.[7][美]威勒德?索普着.濮阳翔,李成秀译.二十世纪美国文学[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社,1984.[8]方成.美国自然主义文学传统的文化建构与价值传承[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,20o7.[9]傅景川.二十世纪美国小说史[M].长春:吉林教育出版社.1995.[10]戈雪,葛红兵.现象剖析[J].文学自由谈,2002.6.。
The Call of the Wild《野性的呼唤》—追寻生命的自由与本真作者:张玲来源:《新东方英语·中学版》2014年第07期杰克·伦敦(Jack London, 1876~1916),美国著名的现实主义作家。
他一生著作颇丰,为世人留下了19部长篇小说、150多篇短篇小说以及大量文学报告集,还写了三个剧本以及相当多的随笔和论文。
其最著名的代表作有《马丁·伊登》(Martin Eden)、《野性的呼唤》(The Call of the Wild)、《白牙》(White Fang)、《海狼》(The Sea Wolf)、《铁蹄》(The Iron Heel)等小说,在全世界都广为流传。
他的很多作品讲述了美国下层人民的生活故事,揭露资本主义社会的罪恶,带有浓厚的社会主义和个人主义色彩。
《野性的呼唤》,又名《荒野的呼唤》,是杰克·伦敦于1903年发表的著名小说。
小说讲述了一只名叫巴克(Buck)的家养犬,被贩卖到美国北部寒冷偏远、盛产黄金的阿拉斯加,成了一只拉雪橇的狗,在极为恶劣的环境下,在饱受了各种虐待后,为了生存,最终回归野性的故事。
下文节选自小说第七章,讲述了巴克因深爱的主人约翰·桑顿(John Thornton)被害而野性爆发的故事。
As he held on he became more and more conscious of the new stir in the land. There was life abroad in it different from the life which had been there throughout the summer. Several times he stopped and drew in the fresh morning air in great sniffs, reading a message which made him leap on with greater speed. And as he crossed the last watershed1) and dropped down into the valley toward camp, he proceeded with greater caution.Three miles away he came upon a fresh trail that sent his neck hair bristling2). It led straight toward camp and John Thornton. Buck hurried on, swiftly and stealthily3).As Buck slid along with the obscureness of a gliding shadow, his nose was jerked suddenly to the side as though a positive force had gripped and pulled it. He followed the new scent into a thicket4) and found Nig. He was lying on his side, dead where he had dragged himself, an arrow protruding5) from either side of his body.A hundred yards farther on, Buck came upon one of the sled-dogs Thornton had bought in Dawson. This dog was thrashing6) about in a death-struggle, directly on the trail, and Buck passed around him without stopping. From the camp came the faint sound of many voices. Bellying7) forward to the edge of the clearing, he found Hans, lying on his face, feathered with arrows like a porcupine8). At the same instant Buck peered out and saw what made his hair leap straight up on his neck and shoulders. A gust of overpowering rage swept over him. He did not know that he growled,but he growled aloud with a terrible ferocity9). For the last time in his life he allowed passion to usurp10) reason, and it was because of his great love for John Thornton that he lost his head.The Yeehats11) were dancing when they heard a fearful roaring and saw rushing upon them an animal the like of which they had never seen before. It was Buck, a live hurricane of fury, hurling himself upon them in a frenzy to destroy. He sprang at the foremost man, ripping the throat wide open till the rent12) jugular13) spouted a fountain of blood. He did not pause to worry14) the victim, but ripped in passing, with the next bound tearing wide the throat of a second man. There was no withstanding him. He plunged about in their very midst, tearing, rending15), destroying, in constant and terrific motion which defied the arrows they discharged16) at him. In fact, so inconceivably17) rapid were his movements, and so closely were the Indians tangled18)together, that they shot one another with the arrows. Then a panic seized the Yeehats, and they fled in terror to the woods, proclaiming as they fled the advent19) of the Evil Spirit.And truly Buck was the Fiend20) incarnate21), raging at their heels and dragging them down like deer as they raced through the trees. It was a fateful day for the Yeehats. They scattered far and wide over the The Call of the Wild country. As for Buck, wearying of the pursuit, he returned to the desolated camp. He found Pete where he had been killed in his blankets in the first moment of surprise. Thornton's desperate struggle was fresh-written on the earth, and Buck scented every detail of it down to the edge of a deep pool. By the edge, head and fore feet in the water, lay Skeet, faithful to the last. The pool itself, muddy and discolored from the sluice22) boxes, effectually hid what it contained, and it contained John Thornton; for Buck followed his trace into the water, from which no trace led away.All day Buck brooded23) by the pool or roamed restlessly about the camp. Death, as a cessation24) of movement, as a passing out and away from the lives of the living, he knew, and he knew John Thornton was dead. It left a great void25) in him, somewhat akin to hunger, but a void which ached and ached, and which food could not fill. At times, when he paused to contemplate the carcasses26) of the Yeehats, he forgot the pain of it; and at such times he was aware of a great pride in himself—a pride greater than any he had yet experienced. He had killed man, the noblest game27) of all, and he had killed in the face of the law of club and fang28). He sniffed the bodies curiously. They had died so easily. It was harder to kill a husky29) dog than them. They were no match at all.1. watershed [ˈwɔːtəʃed] n. 分水岭2. bristle [ˈbrɪsl] vi. (毛发因寒冷、恐惧、愤怒等而)竖立;直立3. stealthily [ˈstelθɪli] adv. 悄悄地;偷偷摸摸地4. thicket [ˈθɪkɪt] n. 灌木丛5. protrude [prəˈtruːd] vi. [正式]突出;凸出6. thrash [θræʃ] vi. 猛烈扭动7. bell y [ˈbeli] vi. 匍匐前进,爬行8. porcupine [ˈpɔːkjupaɪn] n. 豪猪;箭猪9. ferocity [fəˈrɒsəti] n. 凶猛;残暴10. usurp [juːˈzɜːp] vt. [正式]夺取;据为己有11. Yeehats: 印第安人,是作者虚构的一个北美洲原住民部落,生性残暴。
杰克・伦敦(1876-1916)出生于美国西部的旧金山,一生共创作了约50卷作品。
他是在极端贫困中长大的,曾以流浪罪被捕入狱。
出狱后受了阿拉斯加淘金热的影响,加入了淘金者的行列,却因病空手而归,但带回了北方故事的丰富素材。
从此,他刻苦阅读,埋头写作,实现了通过自身努力而摆脱贫困的梦想。
曲折的人生经历,成了他文学创作的源泉。
他曾在阿拉斯加的克隆迪克区待了很长的一段时间,后来,这个地方就成了《野性的呼唤》这本书的背景。
书中的主角巴克,就是以他在那里所遇见的一只狼狗为雏形塑造的。
作品不仅揭露了资本主义社会的弊端,表现了对劳动人民顽强意志的歌颂和苦难生活的同情,同时也通过简洁明快的文字展现了具有西方特色的“人性”观以及对最原始的“野性”的礼赞,在作品中我们可以看到“人性”与“野性”达到了矛盾的对立统一,也正是在这种对立统一中,折射出了作者所信奉的“适者生存”的社会进化论思想和尼采式的“超人”哲学观念。
1主人公的确定这部脍炙人口的动物小说,开创了一种新体裁的写作风格,选择巴克作为故事的主人公是富有深意的。
巴克是一只狗,是跨越了人类和狼两种群体的生命形式,“他连接了过去和现在”。
[1]狗是人类文明的产物,是从狼演变而来的,没有人类文明,它们大概仍旧只会在黑夜的荒原上嗥叫。
从这个角度说,从狼到狗是一道文明的履痕。
犬科动物与灵长目建立起来的联系不像驯养马那样具有创造历史的意义,却也构成了可能对人类社会和文明产生持久而重要影响的一种共生。
人类从荒原时代进入文明的社会是一种进步,但人类从开始分享文明的盛宴时,也就开始了自身的堕落。
对于我们这些在现代文明中早已被驯化,且无知于这种驯化的人类而言,这本书无疑为我们开拓了另外一片视野。
巴克就是一面镜子,透过他,作者给我们展示出了现代社会中的所谓“人性”只有在安详的阳光普照的日子里才会表现出其绵羊般的善的一面,这种“善”一旦遇到了“棍子和牙齿”,便会毫不犹豫地、不留丝毫痕迹地撤出。
本科生毕业设计(论文)封面 ( 2017 届)
论文(设计)题目 作 者 学 院、专 业 班 级 指导教师(职称) 论 文 字 数 论文完成时间
大学教务处制 英语原创毕业论文参考选题 一、论文说明 本写作团队致力于英语毕业论文写作与辅导服务,精通前沿理论研究、仿真编程、数据图表制作,专业英语本科论文3000起,具体可以找扣扣 805990 0749,下列所写题目均可写作。部分题目已经写好原创。 二、原创论文参考题目
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