高中英语句子成分分析

高中英语句子成分分析（Members of a sentence）

英语句子与汉语句子一样，都是由单词按照一定的规则所组成的。不同的词类在句中所起的作用是不同的。因此，只有搞清不同词类在句中可充当哪些成分，才能正确分析、理解句子的含义，并能准确地遣词造句，逐渐达到流利地说出地道的英语。

你能看出下面句子的错误吗？

Some people against the suggestion.

My father so angry that he forbad me to go out.

Smoke is bad for your health.

Worked hard and you will succeed sooner or later.

Punished by my father made me very sad.

没有生词的句子你就一定看得懂吗？

小试牛刀：

1)I can feel the press of her tiny fingers as they wrapped around mine a moment after her birth.

2)When you are down on your luck, laughter may be the last thing on your mind.

But in Australia, doctors know the health value of a good laugh. And they are offering homeless people

lectures on how to laugh. The project began in the southern Australian city or Graz earlier this month. It

has been such a success that other poor groups ,including those who have fled other countries, are

about to be taught.

3) What Winter knows of the 19-year-old who saved his life is only that he died in a car accident and

that his family was willing to honor his wishes and donate his organs for transplantation (移植).

4) Mostly borrowed from English and Chinese, these terms(术语) are often changed into forms no longer

understood by native speakers.

现代汉语中的句子成分有六种。英语的基本成分有八种。____________(subject) ,________(predicate)___________(predicative)__________(object)_____________(attribute)____________(adverbial)________(complement)_____________(apposition)

英语的简单句有五种基本句型

掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。

１）Subject (主语) ＋ Verb (谓语)

She went out in a hurry.

The boy who broke the window apologized at last.

The accident happened on the morning of July the first.

这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，这些动词常见的有：appear, apologize, arrive, come, die, disappear,

exist, fall, happen, rise,等等。有时为了表示动作发生的频率、程度，原因、结果、目的、场所、时间等，可以带状语修饰动词。

如： The students work very hard.

The accident happened yesterday evening.

小试牛刀：

1 他们谈了半个小时。

2 月亮升起了。

3 After the earthquake ,nothing remained.

2. Subject (主语) ＋ Link. V(系动词) ＋ Predicate(表语)

这种句型中的系动词一般可分为下列两类：

(1)表示状态的连系动词。这些词有：be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste,feel, sound, keep, remain, 等等。作表语成分的有形容词、名词、代词、分词、不定式,介词短语,数词，副词从句等。如：

He seems to be more and more handsome. This kind of food tastes terrible.

My book is on the desk.

Is anybody in?

I am pleased with what he has done.

It is you.

Is that why you were angry?

We are seven.

He remains a student.

纠错：The teacher angry . We in the classroom. She sixteen.

(2) 表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有：become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove,等等。如：

Don't have the food. It has gone bad.

The facts prove true.

He turns writer.

翻译句子：

这是一本英语字典。

午餐的味道很好。

他的脸红了。

划分以下句子的句子成分：

This is an English-Chinese dictionary.

The dinner smells good.

He fell in love.

Everything looks different.

He is growing tall and strong.

The trouble is that they are short of money.

3) Subject(主语) ＋ Verb (谓语) ＋ Object (宾语) 这种句型中的动词应为及物动词或者可以后接宾语的动词短语。作宾语的成分常是:名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句。如：

a) I finished reading the book.

b) Do you like apples?

c) We discussed it at the meeting last week

d) He decided to buy a computer.

e) We love China.

f) They enjoyed themselves very much last night.

g) Do you remember his telephone number?

h) He thought about the problem for a few moments.

他正在做蛋糕。

他感谢他的母亲。

我想要喝杯茶。I want to have a cup of tea.

她喜欢看电视。

划分以下句子的句子成分

a)who knows the answer?

b) She smiles her thanks.

c) He has refused to help them.

d) He enjoys reading.

e) They ate what was left over.

f) He admits that he was mistaken. 4)Subject(主语)＋Verb(谓语)＋ Indirect object(间接宾语)＋Direct object (直接宾语) 能跟双宾语的动词常见的有, bring, take, buy, cost, fetch, give, hand, pass, lend, offer, pay,

read, save, send, show, teach, tell, write,wish等。

这种句型中作间接宾语的常常指“人”，直接宾语常常指“物”。如：

Yesterday her father bought her a bicycle as a birthday present.

The old man is telling the children stories in the Long March.

划分以下句子的句子成分

She ordered herself a new dress.

She cooked her husband a delicious meal.

He bought you a dictionary.

I showed him my pictures.

I gave my car a wash.

I told him that the bus was late.

He showed me how to run the machine.

这种句型还可转换为其他两种句型：1)动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ for sb.； 2)动词 ＋ 宾语＋to sb.。A) buy / build / catch / cut choose / cook / find / get / keep / make / draw / do (B) give / take / send / bring / teach / show / tell / pay / write / read / sell / lend / pass / return / throw /

offer / hand

Please show me your picture.

－Please show your picture to me.

I will lend you a book.

He bought me a present.

翻译：我正把我的照片给他看。

他经常给我们讲有趣的故事。

5. Subject(主语)＋Verb (动词)＋Object (宾语)＋Complement(补语)

这种句型中的宾语＋ 补语可统称为“复合宾语”。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。如：

Keep the children quiet, please. 请让孩子们安静下来。

He painted the wall white. 他把墙漆成白色。