剑10阅读“ABriefHistoryofTea”逐题解析

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国艺术研究院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Tea drinking was common in China for nearly one thousand years before anyone in Europe had ever heard about tea. People in Britain were much slower in finding out what tea was like, mainly because tea was very expensive. It could not be bought in shops and even those people who could afford to have it sent from Holland did so only because it was a fashionable curiosity. Some of them were not sure how to use it. They thought it was a vegetable and tried cooking the leaves. Then they served them mixed with butter and salt. They soon discovered their mistake but many people used to spread the used tea leaves on bread and give them to their children as sandwiches.Tea remained scarce and very expensive in England until the ships of the East India Company began to bring it direct from China early in the seventeenth century. During the next few years so much tea came into the country that the price fell and many people could afford to buy it.At the same time people on the Continent were becoming more and more fond of tea. Until then tea had been drunk without milk in it, but one day a famous French lady named Madame de Sevigne decided to see what tea tasted like when milk was added. She found it so pleasant that she would never again drink it without milk. Because she was such a great lady her friends thought they must copy everything she did, so they also drank their tea with milk in it. Slowly this habit spread until it reached England and today only very few Britons drink tea without milk.At first, tea was usually drunk after dinner in the evening. No one ever thought of drinking tea in the afternoon until a duchess (公爵夫人) found that a cup of tea and a piece of cake at three or four o’clock stopped her getting “a sinking feeling” as she called it. She invited her friends to have this new meal with her and so, tea-time was born.1.Which of the following is true of the introduction of tea into Britain?2.This passage mainly discusses（）.3.Tea became a popular drink in Britain（）.4.People in Europe began to drink tea with milk because（）.5.We may infer from the passage that the habit of drinking tea in Britain was mostly due to the influence of （）.问题1选项A.The Britons got expensive tea from India.B.Tea reached Britain from Holland.C.The Britons were the first people in Europe who drank tea.D.It was not until the 17th century that the Britons had tea.问题2选项A.the history of tea drinking in BritainB.how tea became a popular drink in BritainC.how the Britons got the habit of drinking teaD.how tea-time was born问题3选项A.in eighteenth centuryB.in sixteenth centuryC.in seventeenth centuryD.in the late seventeenth century问题4选项A.it tasted like milkB.it tasted more pleasantC.it became a popular drinkD.people tried to copy the way Madame de Servinge drank tea 问题5选项A.a famous French ladyB.the ancient ChineseC.the upper social classD.people in Holland【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.判断推理题。

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海外版的剑桥雅思10一共就两套题，我们今天就来看一下其中Test1的阅读。

首先，第一篇文章标题是Bovids。

这个文章标题单词不认识时也不用担心，因为正文中第一句话就对这个单词开始了解释：The family of mammals called bovids belongs to……根据这半句话即可知道Bovids是一种哺乳动物统称，准确的意思是指“牛科动物”。

文章前三段描述了Bovids的主要居住在South-east Asia(东南亚)，大部分都喜欢居住在wide open spaces(开阔的地方);还描述了大概的外貌和大小以及特征。

然后第四段开始介绍Bovids的五种sub-families(分支)。

文章后有三个题型，第一大题是3个选择，通过题中定位词回文定位，答案集中于前三段。

第二大题是名称特征配对，五个特征作为题目，和四个Bovids类型配对，有NB，答案从第四段开始一直到最后。

第三大题是简答题5题，NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS, 范围是全篇范围，但都是显性定位词，所以定位和确定答案都不难。

第二篇文章标题是Photovoltaics on the rooftop(房顶上的太阳能电池). 就从标题来看的话因为有专有词汇所以没法知道这篇文章在讲什么，这时候看副标题：A natural choice for powering the family home. 从副标题和第一段的前两句可以知道这篇文章讲的是利用大自然给家庭供电。

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而题型则稳中有变。

以剑桥10的test 4为例。

出现的三篇文章分别是自然类，心理研究类，还有科学研究类。

具体来说，从话题的难易程度来看，三篇文章基本是按照依次变难的顺序来排列。

test 4第一篇The Megafires of California，讲的是加利福尼亚州的森林大火。

该文章出现在了2011年11月26号的考试中。

Tea and Industrial RevolutionA Alan Macfarlane thinks he could rewrite history. The professor of anthropological science at King’s College, Cambridge has, like other historians, spent decades trying to understand the enigma (n.难理解的状况、奥秘) of the Industrial Revolution. Why did this particular important event - the world-changing birth of industry - happen in Britain? And why did it happen at the end of the 18th century?B Macfarlane compares the question to a puzzle. He claims that there were about 20 different factors and all of them needed to be present before the revolution could happen. The chief conditions are to be found in history textbooks. For industry to ‘take off’ (v.起飞), there needed to be the technology and power to drive factories, large urban populations to provide cheap labour easy transport to move goods around, an affluent (adj.富裕的) middle-class willing to buy mass-produced objects, a market-driven economy, and a political system that allowed this to happen. While this was the case for England, other nations, such as Japan, Holland and France also met some of these criteria (n.标准). All these factors (n.因素) must have been necessary but not sufficient (adj.足够的) to cause the revolution. Holland had everything except coal, while China also had many of these factors.C Most historians, however, are convinced (v.相信) that one or two missing factors are needed to solve the puzzle. The missing factors, he proposes, are to be found in every kitchen cupboard. Tea and beer, two of the nation’s favorite drinks, drove the revolution. Tannin, the active ingredient (n. 成分) in tea, and hops, used in making beer, both contain antiseptic (adj.防腐的、杀菌的) properties. This -plus the fact that both are made with boiled water- helped prevent epidemics (n.流行病、传染病) of waterborne diseases, such as dysentery, in densely populated urban areas. The theory initially sounds eccentric but his explanation of the detective work that went into his deduction and the fact his case has been strengthened by a favorable appraisal (n.评估) of his research by Roy Porter (distinguished medical historian) the skepticism (n.怀疑、批评) gives way to wary admiration.D Historians had noticed one interesting factor around the mid-18th century that required explanation. Between about 1650 and 1740, the population was static. But then there was a burst (n.爆发、爆炸)in population. The infant (n.婴儿) mortality rate (n.死亡率) halved in the space of 20 years, and this happened in both rural areas and cities, and across all classes. Four possible causes have been suggested. There could have been a sudden change in the viruses (n.病毒) and bacteria (n.细菌) present at that time, but this is unlikely. Was there a revolution in medical science? But this was a century before Lister introduced antiseptic surgery. Was there a change in environmental conditions? There were improvements in agriculture that wiped out malaria (n.疟疾), but these were small gains. Sanitation (n.卫生系统或设备) did not become widespread until the 19th century. The only option left was food. But the height and weight statistics show a decline. So the food got worse. Efforts to explain this sudden reduction in child deaths appeared to draw a blank (adj.空白的).E This population burst seemed to happen at just the right time to provide labor for the Industrial Revolution. But why? When the Industrial Revolution started, it was economically efficient to have people crowded together forming towns and cities. But with crowded living conditions comes disease, particularly from human waste. Some research in the historical records revealed that there was a change in the incidence of waterborne disease at that time, the English were protected by the strong antibacterial agent in hops, which were added to make beer last. But in the late 17th century a tax was introduced on malt (n.麦芽). The poor turned to water and gin, and in the 1720s the mortality rate began to rise again.F Macfarlane looked to Japan, which was alsodeveloping large cities about the same time, and also had no sanitation. Waterborne diseases in the Japanese population were far fewer than those in Britain. Could it be the prevalence (n.盛行) of tea in their culture? That was when Macfarlane thought about therole of tea in Britain. The history of tea in Britain provided an extraordinary coincidence (n.巧合) of dates. Tea was relatively expensive until Britain started direct trade with China inthe early 18th century. By the 1740s, about the time that infant mortality was falling, the drink was common. Macfarlane guesses that the fact that water had to be boiled, together with the stomach-purifying properties of tea so eloquently described in Buddhist texts, meant that the breast milk provided by mothers was healthier than it had ever been. No other European nation drank tea so often as the British, which, by Macfarlane’s logic, pushed the other nations out of the race for the Industrial Revolution. G But, if tea is a factor in the puzzle, why didn’t this cause an industrial revolution in Japan? Macfarlane notes thatin the 17th century, Japan had large cities, high literacy rates and even a futures market. However, Japan decided against a work-based revolution (n.革命), by giving up labor-saving devices (n.设备、装置), even animals, to avoid putting people out of work. Astonishingly,the nation that we now think of as one of the most technologically advanced, entered the19th century having almost abandoned the wheel.茶与工业革命一个剑桥的教授说，在饮水习惯的改变是英国工业革命的理由。