初中英语语法之主谓一致
本章内容选自张道真先生主编的《初中英语语法》
第十六章
主谓一致
学习导航
主谓一致情况比较复杂，学习时要熟练掌握语法一致、意义一致和就近一致三个原则。要做到主谓一致，除了要考虑句子中主语人称和数的变化，还要考虑到谓语动词时态和语态的变化。很多情况下还要结合具体的语言环境加以判断。
语法视窗
一、主谓一致的三条原则
主语和谓语保持一致，即谓语动词的形式必须随着主语单、复数形式的变化而变化叫主谓一致。主谓一致一般要遵循三条原则，即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
1、语法一致原则。
谓语动词与其主语在人称和数上要保持一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词也采取单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词也采取复数形式。
Tom likes eggs，oranges and bananas.
All the students in my class are hard-working.
2、意义一致原则。
有些名词形式为单数，但表示复数意义；有些名词形式为复数，却表示单数意义。这种情况下，谓语动词要采取意义一致的原则，即谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致。
People read for pleasure during their spare time.（people表示复数概念）
Three months has passed since you left.（three months 表示单数概念）
3、就近一致原则。
就近一致原则指的是谓语动词的人称和数与并列主语中最靠近它的那个主语保持一致。No food or water is allowed to take with.
Either several telephones or a fax machine is needed in my office.
Neither you nor he knows how to answer the question.
Not only the students but （also）their teacher likes the film.
There is a table and four chairs in the room.
There are four chairs and a table in the room.
二、主谓一致的具体情况
1、不定式、动名词作主语
单个的不定式、动名词作主语时谓语动词一般用单数形式。由and连接的两个或多个不定式、动名词作主语表示两个不同的概念时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。
To learn a foreign language well is not easy.
Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.
To do and to say are two different things.
2、and，both...and连接的并列成分作主语
在连词and或both...and连接的并列主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。
New York and Boston are American cities.
Both bread and butter are sold out.
特别提示：
由and 连接的并列主语，如果是指一个人或一种事物时，其后的谓语动词就用单数形式。The writer and artist has come.那位作家兼艺术家已经来了。
A knife and fork is on the table.餐桌上有一副刀叉。
Fish and chips is a popular food.炸鱼加薯条是一种很受欢迎的食物。
Five and five makes ten.5加5等于10。
3、More than one...，many a...作主语
“more than one + 名词，many a + 名词，a（n）... and a half”等短语作主语时，尽管从意义上看是复数，但谓语动词需要用单数形式。
A month and a half has passed since I saw him.
More than one person here is going to find a new job.
4、假性主语
主语后有with/together with/except/but/like/as well as...等短语时，谓语动词的单
复数形式不受这类短语影响，仍与短语前的主语一致。
Mr. Green，together with his children，has come to China.
I，with someone else in my class，am staying in a Chinese home.
The students as well as their teacher were playing a game on the playground. No one except the teachers knows the answer.
She,like you and T om,is very tall.
5、表示由两部分构成的物体的名词作主语
主语为表示由两个相同的部分构成的物体的名词，如glasses，trousers，pants，shoes 等时，谓语动词用复数形式。但如果它们前面用了pair修饰时，谓语动词的数取决于pair 的单、复数形式。
My new trousers are a bit tight.
Here are some new pairs of shoes.
6、“the/a number of+可数名词复数”作主语
主语为“the number of +可数名词复数（...的数量）”时，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为“a number of +可数名词复数（很多...）”时，谓语动词用复数形式。
The number of cars is increasing.
There were a number of people out this afternoon.
7、each及复合不定代词作主语
each或由some-，any-，every-，no-构成的复合不定代词用作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
