国际贸易实务练习4567章答案版演示教学

国际贸易实务课后习题参考答案国际贸易术语复习思考：1.答:国际贸易术语是随着国际贸易的发展和长期的实践所形成的，用简短的概念或字母表示商品价格构成，说明交货地点和确定风险和责任、费用划分等问题的专用术语。

2.答：FOB、CFR、CIF的共同点：（1）三种价格术语交货性质相同，都是凭单交货，凭单付款象征性交货（2）三种价格术语都适用于海运和内河运输，其承运人一般只限于船公司。

（3）三种价格术语交货点均为装运港船舷。

（4）三种价格术语风险点均以在装运港越过船舷即从卖方转移至买方。

（5）三种价格术语办理出，进口清关手续相同:目的港的进口清关，费用等均由买方负责办理；装运港的装船，陆运，出口报关，办理许可证等均由卖方办理。

（6）三种价格术语成交方式相同：签订的都属于装运合同。

FOB、CFR和CIF价格术语的不同点：（1）费用构成不一样，报价不一样。

FOB价格是考虑货物从原料购进、生产直到出口报关货物装到买方指定船舱同的一切费用和利润为止，而CFR是在FOB 价格的基础上再加上海运费,CIF则是在FOB价格的基础上再加上海运费和保险费。

（2）运输办理不同：FOB租船订舱由买方办理；CFR、CIF租船订舱由卖方办理并支付运费。

保险费支付、办理不同：FOB、CFR保险由买方办理，卖方应于装船前通知买方；CIF保险由卖方办理并支付保险费，卖方按合同条款，保险条款办理保险并将保险单交给买方。

（3）价格术语后港口性质不一样，FOB后的港口指卖方所在国的港口，而CFR 与CIF后的港口指买方所在国的港口。

3.答：应考虑以下因素：（1）运输方式与货源情况（2）运费变动因素（3）运输过程中的风险（4）办理进出口货物清关手续有无困难4.答：DAT术语卖方负责卸；DAP术语卖方不负责卸货。

案例分析：1.答：（1）不需要，因为采用FCA术语（货交承运人），卖方只要将货物在指定的地点交给买方指定的承运人并办理了出口清关手续，就完成了交货，即只要货交承运人风险就转移给买方，所以不用承担案中的损失。

《国际贸易实务》习题及答案第一章国际贸易的基本流程和适用的法律二、判断题(× )1．在合同中作出的规定必须与惯例的解释相符否则无效。

(√ )2．当合同中对某一问题未作出规定时，应参照有关贸易惯例。

(× )3．惯例是由国际组织制定的，对合同的当事人具有强制的约束力。

(√ )4．当事人如果明确规定采纳有关惯例时，该惯例具有约束力。

第三章国际货物买卖合同的磋商与订立二、判断题1．一般地说，交易磋商有四个环节，其中达成交易不可缺少的两个基本环节和必经的法律步骤是询盘与接受。

(× )2．接受和发盘一样也是可以撤销的。

3．一项接受由于电讯部门的延误，发盘人收到此项接受时已超过该发盘的有效期，那么除非发盘人及时提出异议，该逾期接受有效，合同成立。

(√ )4．一项接受由于电讯部门的延误，发盘人收到此项接受时已超过该发盘的有效期，那么该逾期接受丧失接受效力，合同未成立。

(× )5．对外报货号10005柳筐500打，每打CIF伦敦4英镑，每5打一纸箱，11/12月装船，限8月10日复到。

这是一项有效的发盘。

(√ )6．我某公司10月2日向美商发盘，以每打84.50美元CIF纽约的价格提供全棉男衬衫500打，限10月15日复到有效。

该盘于10月7日抵达美商，10月8日我发现问题，向美商发传真要求撤销该发盘，该发盘不能撤销。

(√ )7．公司周一对外发盘，限周五复到，客户周二回电还盘，邀我电复，我未处理。

但是，周四客户又来电接受我周一的发盘。

则这笔交易达成。

(× )8．公司对外发盘，国外的客户在发盘的有效期内回电接受，但在同一电文中要求将装运期提前一个月。

这是有效接受。

(× )9．还盘是对发盘的拒绝，还盘一经作出，原发盘即失去效力，发盘人不再受其约束。

(√ )三、选择题1．根据《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》的规定，合同成立的时间是( A )。

A．接受生效的时间．交易双方签订书面合同时．在合同获得国家批准时．当发盘送达受盘人时2．根据《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》的规定，接受于( C )生效。

第三章 习题（P64）案例分析1. （1）中、美均是《公约》的成员，故适用《公约》规定；（2）根据《公约》规定，发盘在送达受盘人时生效；另外，一项发盘，即使是不可撤销的发盘，也可以撤回，撤回的通知在发盘送达受盘人之前，或同时送达受盘人；（3）鉴于我国与美国存在12小时时差。

因此：如是在当天下午发现，如是在当天下午发现，此时发盘尚未生效，此时发盘尚未生效，此时发盘尚未生效，可以撤回发盘，可以撤回发盘，可以撤回发盘，但须保证撤回通知早于或与但须保证撤回通知早于或与发盘同时达到受盘人。

如第二天上午9时发现，发盘已经生效，发盘已经生效，但因客户尚未接受，但因客户尚未接受，但因客户尚未接受，我方可撤销发盘，我方可撤销发盘，我方可撤销发盘，但须保但须保证撤销通知于受盘人发出接受通知前送达受盘人。

如第二天上午9时发现，且客户已接受发盘，且客户已接受发盘，此时交易已经成立了，此时交易已经成立了，此时交易已经成立了，双方都要承担履行双方都要承担履行合同的法律责任。

但在正式签署合同前，我方可与外商协商允许我方更正错误。

处理方法有：提供近期与其他客户的成交证明，提供近期与其他客户的成交证明，请对方原谅；请对方原谅；请对方原谅；用其他方法争取对方同意我方更正错误。

用其他方法争取对方同意我方更正错误。

用其他方法争取对方同意我方更正错误。

如如对方拒绝我方的请求，则我方只能吸取教训了。

2、（1）双方所在国均是《公约》的成员，故适用《公约》规定；（2）根据《公约》规定，发盘的终止有下列情况：①受盘人将拒绝的通知送达发盘人手中；②发盘的撤回；③发盘的合法撤销；④发盘中规定的有效期届满；（3）本例中中方在发盘中规定了有效期，故5月份发盘已失效，中方发盘约束力已失，下半年外商复电表示接受是逾期接受，半年外商复电表示接受是逾期接受，除非中方同意逾期接受有效，除非中方同意逾期接受有效，除非中方同意逾期接受有效，否则无法律效力，否则无法律效力，否则无法律效力，只能视只能视作一个新的发盘，而此处中方没有理睬，视为不同意，故逾期接受无效；（4）因此，合同不成立，中方不承担违约责任。

国际贸易实录第一章1、试举例说明贸易术语在国际贸易业务中的作用答：贸易术语，用以说明价格的构成及买卖双方有关费用、风险和责任的划分，以确定买卖双方在交货和接货过程中应尽的义务。

国际贸易术语的作用主要表现在下列几个方面：（一）有利于买卖双方洽商交易和订立合同由于每种贸易术语都有其特定的含义，因此，买卖双方只要商定按何种贸易术语成交，即可明确彼此在交接货物方面所应承担的责任、费用和风险。

这就简化了交易手续，缩短了洽商交易的时间，节约了费用开支，从而有利于买卖双方迅速达成交易和订立合同。

（二）有利于买卖双方核算价格和成本由于贸易术语表示价格构成因素，所以，买卖双方确定成交价格时，必然要考虑采用的贸易术语中包含哪些从属费用，这就有利于买卖双方进行比价和加强成本核算。

（三）有利于妥善解决贸易争议买卖双方商订合同时，如对合同条款考虑欠周，使对某些涉及当事人权利和义务的问题规定得不明确，致使履约当中产生的争议不能依据合同的规定解决，在此情况下，可以援引有关贸易术语的一般解释来处理。

因为，易术语的一般解释已成为国际惯例，它是大家所遵循的一种类似行为规范的准则。

2、贸易惯例与习惯做法有何联系与区别联系：贸易惯例是在习惯做法的基础上产生的；贸易惯例是国际组织根据国际贸易实践中逐渐形成的一般习惯做法制定成文的规则，这些规则，根据当事人意思自治的原则，被国际上普遍接受和广泛使用，而成为公认的国际贸易惯例。

区别：贸易惯例的层次高于习惯做法；尽管二者有联系，但不能把贸易惯例和习惯做法等同起来，贸易惯例的层次高于习惯做法，贸易惯例是指国际组织编纂成文的规则，凡未成文的国际贸易中的习惯做法，不能称为贸易惯例。

4、你如何理解国际贸易惯例对合同当事人的约束力问题国际贸易惯例的适用是以当事人的意思自治为基础的，因为，惯例本身不是法律，它对贸易双方不具有强制性约束力，故买卖双方有权在合同中做出与某项惯例不一致的规定。

但是，国际贸易管理对贸易实践仍具有较重要的规范作用。

第7章第七章国际贸易货物运输习题一、单项选择题1.小件急需品和贵重货物，其有利的运输方式是（）A.海洋运输B.邮包运输C.航空运输D.公路运输2.仅次于海洋运输的一种主要运输方式是（）A.铁路运输B.公路运输C.航空运输D.管道运输3.我国内地经由铁路供应港澳地区的货物，向银行输收汇的凭证是（）A.国际铁路联运单B.国内铁路联运单C.承运货物收据D.多式联运单4.在进出口业务中，经过背书能够转让的单据有（）A.铁路运单B.海运提单C.航空运单D.邮包收据5.我国出口到朝鲜的石油，一般采用的运输方式是（）A.公路运输B.河流运输C.管道运输D.铁路运输6.承运人收到托运货物，但尚未装船时向托运人签发的提单是（）A.已装船提单B.指示提单C.备运提单D.舱面提单7.下列装运港和目的港的规定方法中，叙述正确的是（）A.一般只规定一个装运港和目的港B.无需列明港口名称C.可规定选择港D.可酌情规定两个或两个以上的装运港和目的港8.下列不属于装运期的规定方法的是（）A.明确规定具体装运期限B.规定在收到信用证后若干天装运C.笼统规定近期装运D.规定在交货期若干天前装运9.在定程租船方式下，对装卸费收取较为普遍采用的办法是（）A.船方不负担装卸费B.船方负担装卸费C.船方只负担装货费，而不负担卸货费D.船方只负担卸货费，而不负担装货费10.国际贸易中最主要的运输方式是（）A.航空运输B.铁路运输C.海洋运输D.公路运输11.在班轮运价表中用字母“M”表示的计收标准为（）A.按货物毛重计收B.按货物体积计收C.按商品价格计收D.按货物件数计收12.在定程租船方式下，对装卸费的收取办法中FO的含义是（）A.船方不负担装卸费B.船方负担装卸费C.船方只负担装货费，而不负担卸货费D.船方只负担卸货费，而不负担装货费13.按提单收货人抬头分类，在国际贸易中被广泛使用的提单有（）A.记名提单B.不记名提单C.指示提单D.班轮提单14.在规定装卸时间的办法中，使用最普遍的是（）A.日或连续日B.累计24小时好天气工作日C.连续24小时好天气工作日D.24小时好天气工作日15.在国际买卖合同中，使用较普遍的装运期规定办法是（）A.明确规定具体的装运时间B.规定收到信用证后若干天装运C.收到信汇、电汇或票汇后若干天装运D.笼统规定近期装运二、多项选择题1.海洋运输的优点是（）A.通过能力大B.载运量大C.运输成本低D.风险大E.速度快2.规定国内装运港和目的港时，应注意（）A.不能接受内陆城市作为装运港或目的港的条件B.应考虑货物的合理流向并贯彻就近装卸的原则C.对港口的规定，应明确具体，不宜过于笼统D.应考虑港口的设施、装卸条件等实际情况E.应注意国外港口有无重名的问题3.对使用最普遍的装卸时间的规定的方法，描述正确的有（）A.不应扣除中间有几小时坏天气B.星期日和节假日除外C.它用于昼夜作业的港口D.适用于装卸效率高的港口E.它是指在好天气条件下，昼夜连续作业24小时算作一个工作日的表示装卸时间的办法4.对分批装运的正确性叙述有（）A.一笔成交的货物分若干批次装运B.4月份装200箱，隔过5月、6月、7月再各装200箱C.一笔货物一次性装完D.交易双方在合同中应订明是否允许分批装运E.一笔成交的货物，在不同时间和地点分别装在同一航次、同一条船上5.买方一般不愿接受的提单有（）A.已装船提单B.备货提单C.清洁提单D.不清洁提单E.指示提单6.下列关于转运的叙述，正确的有（）A.货物中途转运，会延误时间和增加费用开支B.卖方一般不愿转运C.卖方在商定合同时，可提出订立“限制转运”的条款D.买卖合同中不使用“允许转运”条款E.《跟单信用证统一惯例》规定，除非信用证有相反规定，可允许转运7.按照提单收货人抬头分类，提单有（）A.清洁提单B.不清洁提单C.记名提单D. 不记名提单E. 指示提单8.下列对航空运输的描述，不正确的有（）A.运费通常是按重量或体积计算B.空运比海运计算运费的起点高C.空运能节省包装费D.便于货物抢行应市和卖上好价E.空运要附加大量保险费9.下列对我国内地供应港澳地区的货物运输方式的叙述正确的是（）A.它不同于一般的国内运输，与国际铁路联运相似B.内地供应香港的货物，由产地经铁路运至深圳北站，再转港段铁路运交买方C.内地供应澳门的货物，由产地经铁路运至广州北站，再转船运至澳门D.采用这种运输方式时，国内铁路运单不能作为对外结汇的凭证E.运输方式都为铁路运输10.邮包运输的优缺点在于（）A.手续繁多B.费用不太高C.运输量大D.运费一般较高E.速度快11.航空运输的特点有（）A.运行时间短B.货物中途破损率小C.运输量大D.运费一般较高E.速度快12.按运输方式分，提单有（）A.直运提单B.转船提单C.联运提单D.舱面提单E.集装箱提单13.按提单有无不良批注，可分为（）A.清洁提单B.不清洁提单C.记名提单D.不记名提单E.指示提单14.装运时间的规定办法通常有（）A.明确规定具体装运期限B.规定在收到信用证后若干天C.规定在某一天装运完毕D.规定在某一天内若干小时装运E.笼统规定近期装运15.在国际贸易中很少使用的提单是（）A.联运提单B.指示提单C.记名提单D.直达提单E.不记名提单16.规定装运通知的目的在于（）A.选定何种运输方式B.明确买卖双方责任C.促使买卖双方共同搞好船货衔接D.便于办理货运保险E.加快货运速度17.在定程租船方式下，对装卸费的收取办法有（）A.船方不负担装卸费B.船方负担装卸费C.船方只负担装货费，而不负担卸货费D.船方只负担卸货费，而不负担装货费E.船方只负担租期内一定时期的装卸费18.“规定在收到信用证后若干天装运”适用的情况有（）A.一般都实行进口许可证和进口配额制度、外汇管制较严的国家和地区B.合同中订明了装运的年度及月份C.按外商要求的花色、品种或规格成交D.对某些拖延开证的客户E.专为某一地区或某商号生产的商品19.国际多式联运有利于（）A.简化货运手续B.降低运输成本C.加快货运速度D.节省运杂费用E.节省包装费和保险费20.为了统一提单背面条款的内容，国际上先后签署的国际公约为（）A.海牙规则B.维斯比规则C.汉堡规则D.国际商会500号出版物E.国际货约21.下列关于OCP的说法，不正确的是（）A.采用OCP运输条款时，货物必须经由美国西海岸港口中转B.OCP地区，是以落基山脉为界，其以西地区，均定为内陆地区范围C.按OCP运输条款成交，出口商可享受优惠费率，而进口商则不能D.OCP运输条款，意即陆上运输通常可到达的地点E.合同中的目的港应为美国西海岸港口22.班轮运费中的附加费包括有（）A.基本运费B.绕航附加费C.港口拥挤附加费D.转船附加费E.变更装运港附加费23.下列对海洋运输的描述正确的有（）A.其基本工具是商船B.易受自然条件和气候的影响C.航行速度较慢D.风险较小E.沿海国家的进出口货物，大部分都采用海洋运输方式三、名词解释1.舱面提单2.联运提单3.备运提单4.滞期费5.多式联运6.海运提单7.班轮运输 8.多式联运单据9.邮包收据 10.班轮基本运费11.提单 12.指示提单13.转运提单 14.集装箱提单15.定期租船 16.直达提单17.已装船提单 18.装卸率19.清洁提单 20.定程租船四、简答题1.买卖合同中的装运期有哪些规定办法？2.运输的特点是什么？3.路供应港、澳地区货物是怎样办理的？4.叫清洁提单？什么叫不清洁提单？为什么买方要求卖方提供清洁提单？5.班轮运输的计收标准有哪些？6.买卖合同中规定装运时间应注意哪些问题？7.为什么在买卖合同中要规定装运通知款？8.在选择进出口货物的运输方式时，应考虑哪些因素？9.什么叫记名提单？什么叫不记名提单？这两种提单的使用情况如何？10.采用定期租船时，船、租双方各有什么权利义务？11.什么叫备运提单？为什么买方一般不愿接受这种提单？12.关于过期提单的两种说法是什么？13.同一包装、同一票货物和同一提单内出现混装情况，班轮公司如何计收运费？五、计算题1.我公司出口到海湾国家A商品100箱，每箱体积40厘米×30厘米×20厘米，毛重30千克，我应付给船公司运费多少？又知货装外轮，查得《中租表》：A商品按货物分级表规定计算标准为M/W，货物等级为10级；又查“中国－海湾地区航线等级费率表”，10级每运费吨的基本费率为222港元，另收燃料附加费10％。

国际贸易实务(英文版) International Trade Practice周瑞琪王小欧徐月芳编著Chapter twoIV. Short questions1.Who pays for loading for shipment under FOB?答：Seller.2.Who pays for unloading under CIF?答：Buyer.pare and contrast FOB, CFR and CIF?答：Similarities: a. Sel ler’s risk will be transferred to the buyer when the goods pass the ship’s rail. b. Seller is responsible for export customs formalities while buyer is responsible for import customs formalities. c. Buyer is responsible for unloading the goods at the port of destination. d. All three terms can only be used for waterway transportation. Differences: a. FOB requires the buyer to arrange and pay for the ocean transportation; CFR requires the seller to arrange and pay for the ocean transportation; CIF requires the seller to arrange and pay for the ocean transportation and insurance against the buyer’s risk.4.What are the two types of trade terms concerning the transfer of risks?答：Shipment contract terms vs. arrival contract terms. Under shipment contract terms s eller’s risk will be transferred to the buyer before the goods depart from the place/port of shipment. Under arrival contract terms seller will bear the risk of the goods until the goods arrive the destination.5.What are the differences and similarities between CPT and CFR?答：Major similarities: a. seller should contract and pay for the major carriage. b.Seller is not taking the risk of loss or damage to the goods during the transportation. Difference: a. CPT is applicable to any kind of transportation mode while CFR is only used for waterway transport. b. Under CPT seller’s risk will be transferred to the buyer when the goods are handed over to the firstcarrier nominated by seller. Under CFR seller’s risk will be transferred when the goods pass over the ship’s rail.6.What are the differences and similarities between CIP and CIF?答：Major similarities: a. seller should contract and pay for the major carriage. b.Seller is not taking the risk of loss or damage to the goods during the transportation. c. Seller must obtain insurance against buyer’s risk. Difference: a.CPT is applicable to any kind of transportation mode while CFR is only used for waterway transport. b. Under CPT seller’s risk will be transferred to the buyer when the goods are handed over to the first carrier nominated by seller. Under CFR seller’s risk will be transferred when the goods pass over the ship’s rail.7.If you trade with an American, is the sales contract subject to Incoterms withoutany doubt? What should you do?答：No. The Revised American Foreign Trade Definitions 1941 is still in use, especially among the North American area. It has different interpretation about some trade terms. The traders should clarify the choice of rules before any further discussion.8.What are the most commonly used trade terms?答：FOB,CFR & CIF.9.Who is responsible for carrying out customs formalities for exports under an FOBcontract?答：Seller. According to Incoterms 2000, except EXW and DDP these two terms, all the other eleven terms require the seller to handle the export customs formalities, while buyer the import customs formalities.10.If a Chinese trader signs a FOB Hamburg contract, is he exporting or importing? 答：Importing. FOB should be used with a “named port of shipment”, if Hamb urg is the port of shipment, from the Chinese trader’s perspective, he is importing.V．Case Studies1. An FOB contract stipulated, "The shipment will be effected in March 2008. If thevessel fails to arrive at the port of shipment on time, the seller agrees to set aside the goods for additional 27 days, and the buyer will bear all costs of delay." it turned out that under the seller's repeated requests, the vessel named by the buyer finally arrived at the port of shipment on May 1. As a result, the seller refused to make the shipment.(1)Was the seller entitled to compensation for the warehouse rent, insurance andinterest due to the delay?(2)If the seller had sold the goods to a third party on April 25, should the buyerpay for the delay?(3)If the seller had sold the goods to a third party on May 1 with a better price,was he entitled to any compensation?析：a案例中提到“shipment will be effected in March 2008”,这种确定装运时间的方式允许在整个3月份期间的任何时间进行装运。

第一章练习答案Unit 1 A brief introduction to international tradeI. Answer my questions1. International trade is business whose activities involve the crossing of national borders. It includes not only international trade and foreign manufacturing but also encompasses the growing services industry in areas such as transportation, tourism, banking, advertising, construction, retailing, wholesaling, and mass communications. It includes all business transactions that involve two or more countries. Such business relationship may be private or governmental.2. Sales expansion, resource acquisition and diversification of sales and supplies.3. To gain profit.4. To see out foreign markets and procurement.5. There are four major forms which are the following:Merchandise exports and Imports, Service Exports and Imports, Investment and Multinational Enterprise.6. It is the account which is a summary statement of the flow of all international economic and financial transactions between one nation (eg.the United States ) and the rest of the world over some period of time, usually one year.7. Merchandise Exporting and Importing.8. Yes. There are great differences between them.1) direct investment takes place when control follows the investment. It usually means high commitment of capital, personnel, and technology abroad. It aims at gaining of foreign resources and foreign markets. Direct investment may often get higher foreign sales than exporting. And sometimes it involves two or more parties.2) While portfolio investments are not under control. And they are used primarily for financial purposes. Treasures of companies, for example, routinely more funds from one country to another to get a higher yield on short term investments.9. MNE is the abbreviation of the multinational enterprise. Its synonyms are NNC (the multinational corporation) and TNC (transnational corporation).10. Examples are travel, transport, fee, royalties, dividends and interest.11. The choice of forms is influenced by the objective being pursued and the environments in which the company must operate.12. It is limited by the number of people interested in a firm’s products and services and by customers’ capacity to make purchase.13. This is because at an early stage of international involvement these operations usually take the least commitment and least risk of a firm’s resources.14. Royalties means the payment for use of assets from abroad, such as for trademarks patens,copyrights, or other expertise under contract known as licencing agreements.Royalties are also paid franchising.15. It is a way of doing business in which one party (the franchiser) the use of a trademark that is an essential asset for the franchisers’ business.II Match each one on the left with its correct meaning on the right1. J2.A3.E4.B5.C6.D7.I8.G9.F 10.HIII Translate the following terms and phrases into Chinese1 购买力11经济复苏；恢复2潜在销售量12 经济衰退3加价，涨价13间接投资4国内市场14有形货物5制成品15有形进出口6边际利润16收入及支出；岁入及岁出7市场占有率17超额能力8贸易歧视18贸易中间人（商）；经纪人9时机选择19全部包建的工程承包方式10经销周期20许可证协定IV. Case Study.Batteries called “white elephant” exported from China were very popular in Southeast Asia, but in United States no one was interested in the goods. Why?Batteries called "white elephant" exported from China were very popular in Southeast Asia, because "white elephant" was a lucky thing in Southeast Asia, but no one was interested in it in the market of Europe and the United States. The boss of the company was very strange that the quality of the battery or the price of reasons, so he asked his staff to investigate. Finally he found that is the brand "white elephant" to be blame. The brand's name translated into English was "white elephant" which meant something were no use but cumbersome in Western countries. It was really a bad translation from culture information perspective. The meaning derived from a legend. According to the legend, there was a king who hated a minister, so he gave a white elephant to the minister for punishment. The minister has to take care of the white elephant, he couldn't give it to others or kill it because it's the king gave it to him. However, the appetite of the white elephant was so great, and the minister became poorer. So it showed people in western countries would not buy the battery for the consumers have no willing to buy something useless but cumbersome.V. Please try to find out some cases about cultural differences in doing international business. (Open)VI. Please determine whether the following statements are TRUE or FALES. Then put T for TRUE or F for FALES in the bracket at the end of each statement.1. ( T )2. ( F )3. ( F )4. ( T )5. ( F )6. ( T )7. ( T )8. ( F )9.（T ）10.（T）11.（F）12.（F）13.（T）14.（T）15.（F）Ⅶ.Translate the following into English1.Trade is often said to be the "engine" of development. Although this analogy is too simple, itdoes illustrate the importance of foreign trade in economic development. Although the healthy growth of exports is not always sufficient for rapid and sustained economic growth, it is undeniable that there is a positive and close link between the two. The role of trade development in economic growth is manifested in many ways. Among them are: the benefits of professional division of labor, the role of international competition in promoting domestic economic efficiency and the ability to pay for the import of goods needed for development, as well as more generally , the encouragement of investment and entrepreneurship.2.International trade is the exchange of goods and services produced by one country withgoods and services produced by another country. In addition to the visible trade, that is, the import and export of goods and cargos, there are also invisible trade, which refers to the exchange of labor between countries. Countries such as Greece and Norway, which have vast maritime fleets and provide transport services, reflect a form of invisible trade. For some countries, invisible trade is just as important as raw materials and commodity exports for some other countries. In both cases, these countries can make money to buy the goods they need.3.International trade is varied in a variety of ways. Underwriting refers to the seller , in aparticular area and within a certain period of time , to give foreign customers the exclusive right to sell the designated commodity trade. In this deal, the goods are taken over by the underwriter, sold on their own and are self-financing. This is different from a commission-only agent, and because the underwriter enjoys a franchise in a particular area, making it distinct from the general sale and purchase agreement.4.No country in the world can produce all the products it needs, so all countries participate inthe international division of labor for effective production and reproduction. Sometimes , a country can buy goods and services abroad from a barter, which refers to the exchange of onegood for another and not for money. Barter trade by itself is not enough to meet the needs ofa country's imports. However, as a mode of trade, it is attractive to developing countries thathave a shortage of foreign exchange or shortage of inflow of foreign capital to meet the demand for foreign trade.Ⅷ. Multiple Choices1-5 D D A D B 6-10 A A A B A第二章练习答案Unit 2 General Procedures of Export and Import TransactionI. Answer the following questions1.Please tell us the procedures of international trade.The procedures of an export or import business are so complicated that it may take quite a long time to conclude a transaction. Varied and complicated procedures have to be gone through in the course of export or import transaction. From the very beginning to the end of the transaction, the whole operation generally undergoes four stages: preparing for exporting or importing, business negotiation, implementation of the contract, and settlement of disputes(if any). Each stage covers some specific steps. Since the expo rt and import trades are two sides of the same coin, and one country’s export is another country’s import.2.What are the parties involved in export and import transaction?The parties who are involved in export and import transactions are numerous and can be described as variously. The basic parties are the buyer who purchases the goods and the seller who provides the goods.3.What are the specialists involved in export and import transaction?Many specialists may be involved in export and import transaction, including:(1) A shipping agent and /or foreign forwarder (forwarding agent) will take responsibility for the documentation and arrange for the goods to be shipped by air, sea, rail or road. These services may be carried out by the supplier’s own export department, if they have the expertise.(2) Airlines, shipping lines, railway companies or haulage contractors will actual transport the goods.(3) Both the importer’s and exporter’s banks will be involved in arranging payments if a letter of credit or bill of exchange is used.(4) Customs and Excise officers may need to examine the goods, check import or export licensing and charge duty and /or V AT.(5) A chamber of Commerce may need to issue a Certificate of Origin, if this is required by the importer’s country.(6) An insurance company insures goods in transit.(7) A lawyer if a special contract has to be drawn up.4. What are the documents needed in export and import transaction?An import/export transaction usually requires a lot of complicated documents because it is difficult to make many different arrangements when one firm is dealing with another on the other side of the world. The number and type of documents needed depend on the specific requirements of the exporter and importer. Generally, the documents needed include:(1) Bill of Lading.(2) Commercial Invoice.(3) Proforma Invoice.(4) Consular Invoice.(5) Packing List.(6) Weight Memo.(7) Certificate of Inspection.(8) Certificate of Origin.(9) Insurance Policy (Certificate).(10) Sales Contract.(11) Sales Confirmation.II. Filling the blanks with the suitable words in the text:1.meeting/satisfying;2.agent, foreign/overseas;mission;4.own;5.setting;6.patent;7.profits;8.outlets; 9.joint, venture; 10.subsidiaryIII. J udge the following statement, mark True (T) or False(F)1F 2. T 3. F 4. F 5.F 6.F 7.T 8.F 9.F 10. T 11. T 12.F 13. T 14. F 15.TIV. Explain the meaning of the words or phrases below as requested1. Offer: An offer is a proposal made by sellers to buyers in order to enter into the contract.2. Withdrawal: It means an offer by the offerer has been withdrawn before it is reached to the offeree in order to prevent its entry into force.3. Enquiry: An enquiry is a request for business information, such as price lists, catalogue, samples, and details of the goods or trade terms. It can be made either by the importer or the exporter.4. Acceptance: Acceptance is a statement made by other conduct of the offerees indicating unconditional consent to an offer.5. Shipping agent: Shipping agent(船代）is a ship owner's representative whose job is to find the ships to carry.V. Compose a letter of enquiry with the following particulars:Messrs. Arthur Grey & Son,19 Cheapside,London, E.C.2Dear Sirs,We have obtained your name and address from China Council for Promotion of International Trade and learned that you are one of the leading exporters of Ice Box in your district.We are now interested in 100 sets of the said article and should be pleased if you would let us know whether you can supply us with the quantity and quality we desire. Please quote us your best price on CIF Guangzhou basis. When offering, please state clearly terms of payment, time of delivery, packing conditions together with illustrated catalogue for our consideration.We are looking forward to your early reply.Yours faithfully,VI. Please make your offer according to the following particulars:Dear Sirs,Thank you for your letter of 5th May. We are glad to learn of the inquiries you have had from your customers for our raincoats. Our "D.D." range is particularly suitable for warm climates, and during the past years we have supplied this range to dealers in several tropical countries, from many of whom we have already had repeated orders. This range is popular not only because it is light in weight,but also because the material used has been specially treated to prevent excessive condensation on the inside surface.For the quantities you mention we are pleased to quote as follows:"D.D." Raincoats100 men's medium @ US$14.50 US$ 1,450100 men's small 14.0 1,400100 women's medium 13.2 1,320100 women's small 12.7 1,270US$ 5,440Payment: by irrevocable L/C at sightShipment: Shipment will be effected within three or four weeks after receiving the L/C.This offer is subject to our final confirmation. We feel you may be interested in our other products and enclose some pamphlets for your reference.We are awaiting your early orders.Yours sincerely,VII. Write a counter-offer according to the following particulars:Dear Sirs,We thank you for your quotation May 10 for 1,000 sets of Hair IceBox. We find your price as well as delivery date satisfactory, however, we would give our suggestions of an alternation of your payment terms.Our past purchase of other household electrical appliances from you has been paid as a rule by confirmed, irrevocable letter of credit at sight. On the basis, it has indeed cost us a great deal. From the moment to open credit till the time our buyers pay us, the tie-up of our funds lasts about four months. Under the present circumstances, this question is particular taxing owing to the tight money condition and unprecedentedly high bank interests.In view of our long business relations and our amicable cooperation prospects, we suggest that you accept either “cash against documents on arrival of goods” or “drawing on us at 60 day’s sight”.Your first priority to the consideration of the above request and an early favorable reply will be highly appreciated.Yours sincerely,VIII. Case StudyQuestions:(1) What is your opinion? Give the reasons to support your opinion.(2) How to prevent such dispute?(1) The first letter of Company A and Company B can be considered as an offer, during which Company A made a request for packaging. While Company B modified the terms of the offer, which can be considered as a counter offer or a new offer. After the counter offer was issued by Company B, Company A did not reply. Although it indicated that it was bound by the offer of the company B, yet Company A did not expressly accept to Company B,(2)At this time , the contract is not established. Therefore, Company B refused to honor the contract on this ground. Company A would fall into the passive status. In order to avoid this situation, Company A, in receipt of the B Company's offer, should promptly accept it.Ⅸ.Multiple Choices1. BCE2. AB3. BCD4. ABE5. ADE6. BCDE7. CD8. ABC9. ABC 10. ABC第三章练习答案Unit 3 Contracts for the International Sale of GoodsI. Translate the followings from Chinese into English:1 terms of payment2 written form of contract3 execution of the contract4 sales contract5 purchase confirmation6 terms of transaction7 trading partners 8 the setting up of a contract9 trade agreement 10 consignment contract11 the contract proper 12 extension of the contract13 the contracting parties 14 special clause15 general terms and conditionsII. Answer the following questions in English:1 A contract is an agreement which sets forth bind obligations of the relevant parties. And any part that fails to fulfill his contractual obligations may be sued and forced to make compensation.2 There are two parties of business contract negotiations: oral and written. The former refers to direct discussions abroad; written negotiations often begin with enquiries made by the buyers.3 A written contract is generally prepared and signed as the proof of the agreement and as the basis for its execution. A sales or purchase confirmation is less detailed than a contract, covering only the essential terms of the transaction. It is usually used for smaller deals or between familiar trade partners.4 The setting up of a contract is similar to that of a trade agreement or any other type of formal agreements. It generally contains: 1) the title. The type of the contract is indicated in the title; 2) the contract proper. It is the main part of a contract; 3) the signature of the contracting parties indicating their status as the seller or the buyer; 4) the stipulations on the back of the contract and are equally binding upon the contracting parties.5 It generally contains the time of shipment, the mode of payment described in addition to an exact description of the goods including the quantity, quality, specifications, packing methods, insurance,commodity inspection, claims, arbitration and force majeure, etc.III. Translate the following into Chinese:合同是在双方达成协议的基础上制定的，而协议又是双方进行商务谈判的结果。

《国际贸易单证实务》同步测试参考答案第一章一、填空题：1、单证2、单据和信用证；文件和凭证3、凭单；凭单4、金融；商业5、正确6、金融；商业7、两个英文大写字母8、三个英文大写字母；两个；一个二、判断题：1、ｔ2、ｆ3、ｔ4、ｆ5、ｔ6、ｆ三、不定项选择题：1、A,B,C,D 2.A,B,C,D 3.B,C,D 4.A,B,C,D 5.A,B,C 6.A 7.C四、简答题：1、参考第1页2、参考第3---4页3、参考第4---6页4、参考第7---8页5、参考第10---11页第二章一、填空题：1、询盘；发盘；还盘；接受；发盘和接受2、合同书；确认书；协议书；订单3、约首；本文；约尾4、品名、品质；数量；包装；运输；保险；价格；支付5、检验；索赔；不可抗力；仲裁二、不定项选择题：1、B 2.A,B,C 3.A,B,C,D,E 4.D 5.B 6.B 7.C 8.D 9.A 10.A 11.C 12.D三、简答题：1、参考第15页2、参考第16页；第18----21页四、操作题：（略）五、案例分析：1、简析：对方对我发盘进行了还盘，则我方发盘失效。

2、简析：双方合同已成立，对方的接受为非实质性变更发盘内容，应为有效接受。

第三章一、填空题：1、国际市场价格水平；国家政策2、本币；利润3、出口成本；盈利水平4、佣金5、折扣6、基本费；附加费7、佣金率8、保险金额；保险费率9、比率10、17.5；25；20；31二、判断题：1、t 2.f 3.t 4.t 5.f 6.f 7.f 8.f 9.t 10.t三、单项选择：1、C 2.C 3.D 4.C 5.B 6.C 7.B 8.D 9.C 10.D四、简答题：1、参考第29页2、参考第35页3、参考第32---33页4、参考第37---38页5、参考第37页五、计算题：1、参考答案：出口盈利率为20.4%；换汇成本6.85元/美元2、参考答案：875美元/吨3、参考答案：不能做，亏损9.61元/套木箱体积：0.6*0.48*0.36=0.1036840’货柜装箱数量：（55/0.10368）*12 = 530*12 = 6360套每套总成本：【88*（1+17%—9%）/（1+17%）】+ 6200/6360= 81.23+0.97 =82.2 元/套FOB价= CIF —I —F= 11.3*（1—5%）—11.3*1.1*0.5%—3350/6360= 10.14612 美元/套FOB人民币净收入：10.14612 * 8.27 = 83.908 元/套总利润：（83.908—82.2 ）*6360= 1.708 *6360= 10862.88元第四章一、单项选择：1、C 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.C 6.C 7.C 8.D 9.D 10.B 11.B二、多项选择：1、A,B,D 2.A,B,C,D,E 3.B,C,D 4.C,D 5.B,C,D三、判断题：1.f2.f3.t4.f5.t6.f7.f8.f9.f 10.t 11.t 12.t 13.t 14.t 15.t四、简答题：1、参考第54---56页2、参考第61---62页3、参考第66页4、参考第66---74页5、参考第73页6、参考第74---75页五、案例分析：1、简析：会遭到拒付，因目的港的表述太笼统。

246各章练习答案 第二章 出口报价核算一．集装箱海运报价1、解：A 货号：=10.00（元）实际成本=购货成本—退税收入=90.00-10.00=80.00（元） B 货号：=8.33（元）实际成本=购货成本—退税收入=75.00-8.33=66.67（元） 该笔交易共退税10.00×1000+8.33×1500=22495.00（元）答：该笔交易共退税22495.00元，A 货号实际成本80.00元，B 货号实际成本66.67元。

2、解：一个20’的集装箱有效容积为25立方米。

（取整）=296（箱）可装工艺品数为296×40=11840（个） 答：可装工艺品数为11840个。

3、解：=2.05（元）该笔交易调整退税率后，可多得到2.05×1000=2050（元） 答：该笔交易调整退税率后，可多得到2050元人民币。

4、解：退税收入= 货价×退税率=购货成本 ×出口退税率1+增值税 =90 ×13%1+17%退税收入= 货价×退税率=购货成本 ×出口退税率 1+增值税 =75 ×13%1+17%可装箱数为= 250.55×0.48×0.32退税收入差额= 货价×退税率差额= 购货成本×退税率差额 1+增值税= 120×（13%-11%）1+17%实际成本= 购货成本— 购货成本×出口退税率 1+17%247=161.28（元）=27.07（美元）CFR = FOB+F=27.07+2100/10000=27.28(美元)=27.46（美元）答：按6.30元换汇成本收益，每件按FOB 、CFR 、CIF 术语应分别对外报价27.07美元、27.28美元、27.46美元。

5、国内费用=10+（200+500+150+150+500+1000+500）/312=19.615（元） 国外运费=3800×6.82/312=83.064（元）=158.46(元)=28.38(美元)= 185— 185 ×15%1+17%FOB =货物实际成本+国内费用6.3 =161.28+185×5%6.3CIF =CFR1—（1+投保加成率）×保费率=27.281—（1+10%）×0.6%实际成本= 购货成本— 购货成本×出口退税率 1+17%=180- 180×14% 1+17%FOB=实际成本+国内费用 (1一利润率)外汇买入价= 158.46+19.615(1一8%)×6.82CIF c5=实际成本+国内费用+国外运费 [1一利润率-佣金—（1+投保加成率）保费率]外汇买入价248=44.46（美元）货号N202：国内费用=10+（300+500+150+50+500+1000+500）/135=32.22（元） 国外运费=3800×6.82/135=191.97（元）=193.675(元)=36.00（美元）=71.15（美元）货号N203：国内费用=10+（300+500+150+50+500+1000+500）/120=35.00（元） 国外运费=3800×6.82/120=215.967（元）=228.889(元)=158.46+19.615+83.064[1一8%一5%—（1+10%）0.8%]×6.82实际成本= 购货成本— 购货成本×出口退税率 1+17%=220- 220×14% 1+17%FOB=实际成本+国内费用 (1一利润率)外汇买入价= 193.675+32.22 (1一8%)×6.82 CIF c5=实际成本+国内费用+国外运费[1—利润率—佣金—（1+投保加成率）保费率]外汇买入价=193.675+32.22+191.97[1— 8%—5%—（1+10%）0.8%]×6.82实际成本= 购货成本—购货成本 ×出口退税率1+17%=260-260 ×14%1+17%249=42.06（美元）=81.70（美元）6、解：计算该批货物总体积为25.92立方米，所以该批货物刚好可装一20’集装箱。