chap1_2013

2013考研英语一作文1. Well, I guess it's safe to say that I'm not the most organized person in the world. My room is always a mess, with clothes scattered everywhere and books piled up on my desk. But you know what they say, a messy room is a sign of a creative mind, right?2. Speaking of creativity, I've always been interested in art and design. I love to sketch and paint in my free time, and I even took a few classes in college to improve my skills. There's something so satisfying about creating something beautiful out of nothing.3. On the weekends, you can usually find me hanging out with my friends at a local coffee shop. We love to chat, laugh, and just enjoy each other's company. It's the perfect way to relax and unwind after a long week of work and responsibilities.4. One thing that always puts me in a good mood ismusic. I have a playlist for every mood and occasion, from upbeat pop songs to soothing acoustic melodies. Music has a way of speaking to the soul and lifting your spirits when you need it most.5. When it comes to food, I'm definitely a foodie at heart. I love trying out new restaurants and cuisines, andI'm always on the hunt for the best burger or pizza in town. Cooking is also a passion of mine, and I love experimenting with different flavors and ingredients in the kitchen.6. Overall, I think it's important to live life to the fullest and embrace all the things that bring you joy and fulfillment. Whether it's pursuing your passions, spending time with loved ones, or simply enjoying the little moments, life is too short to not make the most of it.。

高中英语真题:2013高考英语二轮阅读理解（四月）训练（2）及答案I believe that animals possess greater intelligence than most pe ople think. But plants? I've never considered the possibility of pl ant intelligence. The idea seems absurd.Yet I've had friends argue that plant intelligence might exist. "W hat are the differences between plants and animals?" they ask, and then they argue about certain species that seem to share t he intelligence of both plants and animals.New research suggests that plants communicate via "networks" . Plant communication is not a new idea, and cannot indicate th at its is a kind of intelligence, but it is still interesting.Recent research from Vidi researcher Josef Stuefer at the Radb oud University Nijmegen shows that plants have their own chat systems that they can use to warn each other. Therefore plants are not boring and passive organisms that just stand there waiti ng to be cut down or eaten up. Many plants form internal comm unication networks and are able to exchange information netwo rks and are able to exchange information efficiently.Many herbal plants such as strawberries and clovers (三叶草)naturally form networks.Individual plants remain connected with each other for a certain period of time by means of runners (plant stems that grow alon g the ground and put down roots to form new plants). These co nnections enable the plants to share information with each othe r via internal channels. They are therefore very similar to compu ter networks. But what do plants chat to each other about? Recently Stuefer and his colleagues were the first to prove that clover plants warn each other via the network links if danger is nearby . If one of the plants is attacked by caterpillars (毛虫)，the other members of the network are warned via an internal si gnal. Once warned, the intact (完好无损的)plants strengthen their chemical and mechanical (机体的)resistance so that they are less attractive to advancing cater pillars. Thanks to this early warning system, the plants can stay one step ahead of their attackers. The research has shown that this significantly limits the damage to the plants.Again, I don't believe this reflects intelligence, but it's is certainl y fascinating.17.The author thinks that the plant communication___________. .A. is absolutely a new ideaB. is a sign of plant intelligenceC. is related to animal communicationD.is interesting and fascinating18.Which of the following statements about the research is NO T true?A.Most plants have no chat system and are passive organisms. B.Individual plants can also remain connected with each other. C.The communication between clover plants can protect them fro m damage.D.The research is the first to show how clover plants warn each ot her.19.The author's attitude towards plant intelligence is __________ _____.A. unconcernedB. doubtfulC. positiveD. hopeful20.What's the best title for the passage?A. Does Plant Communication Really Exist?B. Some Discoveries About Clover PlantC. Does Plant Communication Imply Intelligence?D. A New Study on Plant Communication参考答案 17-20 DABC********************************************结束ASo long as teachers fail to distinguish between teaching and lea rning, they will continue to undertake to do for children that whic h only children can do for themselves. Teaching children to rea d is not passing reading on to them. It is certainly not endless h ours spent in activities about reading. Douglas insists that “read ing cannot be taught directly and schools should stop trying to d o the impossible.”Teaching and learning are two entirely different processes. The y differ in kind and function. The function of teaching is to creat e the conditions and the climate that will make it possible for chi ldren to devise the most efficient system for teaching themselve s to read. Teaching is also a public activity: It can be seen and observed.Learning to read involves all that each individual does to make sense of the world of printed language. Almost all of it is private, for learning is an occupation of the mind, and that process is n ot open to public scrutiny.If teacher and learner roles are not interchangeable, what then can be done through teaching that will aid the child in the quest (探索) for knowledge? Smith has one principal rule for all teaching instructions. “Make learning to read easy, which means making reading a meaningful, enjoyable and frequent experience for chi ldren.”When the roles of teacher and learner are seen for what they ar e, and when both teacher and learner fulfill them appropriately, then much of the pressure and feeling of failure for both is elimi nated. Learning to read is made easier when teachers create a n environment where children are given the opportunity to solve the problem of leaning to read by reading.41. The problem with the reading course as mentioned in the fir st paragraph is that _______.A. it is one of the most difficult school coursesB. students spend endless hours in readingC. reading tasks are assigned with little guidanceD. too much time is spent in teaching about reading42. The teaching of reading will be successful if ________.A. teachers can improve conditions at school for the studentsB. teachers can enable students to develop their own way of re adingC. teachers can devise the most efficient system for readingD. teachers can make their teaching activities observable43. The word “scrutiny” in Para.3 most probably means “ ______ __”A. inquiryB. observationC. controlD. suspicion44. According to the passage, learning to read will no longer bea difficult task when _______.A. children become highly motivatedB. teacher and learner roles are interchangeableC. teaching helps children in the search for knowledgeD. reading enriches children’s experience45. The main idea of the passage is thatA. teachers should do as little as possible in helping students le arn to readB. teachers should encourage students to read as widely as po ssibleC. reading ability is something acquired rather than taughtD. reading is more complicated than generally believed参考答案 41-45DBBAC********************************************************结束BThe biggest safety threat facing airlines today may not be a terr orist with a gun, but the man with the portable computer in busi ness class. In the last 15 years, pilots have reported well over 1 00 incidents that could have been caused by electromagnetic in terference. The source of this interference remains unconfirmed , but increasingly, experts are pointing the blame at portable ele ctronic devices such as portable computers, radio and cassette players and mobile telephones.RTCA, an organization which advises the aviation(航空) industry, has recommended that all airlines ban such device s from being used during “critical” stages of flight, particularly ta ke-off and landing. Some experts have gone further, calling for a to tal ban during all flights. Currently, rules on using these devices are left up to individual airlines. And although some airlines pro hibit passengers from using such equipment during take-off and landing, most are reluctant to enforce a total ban, given that many passengers want to work during flights.The difficulty is predicting how electromagnetic fields might affe ct an aircraft’s computers. Experts know that portable devices e mit radiation which affects those wavelengths which aircraft use for navigation and communication. But, because they have not been able to reproduce these effects in a laboratory, they have no way of knowing whether the interference might be dangerou s or not.The fact that aircraft may be vulnerable (易受损的) to interference raises the risk that terrorists may use radio s ystem in order to damage navigation equipment. As worrying, t hough, is the passenger who can’t hear the instructions to turn off his radio because the music’s too loud.46. The passage is mainly about ________.A. a new regulation for all airlines.B. the defects of electronic crashesC. a possible cause of aircraft crashesD. effective safety measures for air flight47. What is said about the over 100 aircraft incidents in the past15 years?A. They may have been caused by the damage to the radio sys tems.B. They may have taken place during take off and landing.C. They were proved to have been caused by the passengers’portable computers.D. They were suspected to have resulted from electromagnetic interference.48. Few airlines want to impose a total ban on their passengers using electronic devices because _______.A. they don’t believe there is such a danger as radio interfere nce.B. the harmful effect of electromagnetic interference is yet to be proved.C. most passengers refuse to take a plane which bans the use of radio and cassette players.D. they have other effective safety measures to fall back on.49. Why is it difficult to predict the possible effects of electroma gnetic fields on an airplane’s computers?A. Because it is extremely dangerous to conduct such research on an airplane.B. Because it remains a mystery what wavelengths are liable to be interfered with.C. Because research scientists have not been to produce the s ame effects in labsD. Because experts lack adequate equipment to do such research.50. It can inferred from the passage that the author _________.A. is in favor of prohibiting passengers’ use of electronic device s completelyB. has overestimated the danger of electromagnetic interferenc eC. hasn’t formed his own opinion on this problemD. regards it as unreasonable to exercise a total ban during flig ht参考答案 46-50CDBCA************************************************结束CEveryone gathered around and Paddy read out loud, slowly, his tone growing sadder and sadder. The little headline said: BOX ER RECEIVES LIFF SENTENCE.Frank Cleary, aged 26, professional boxer, was today found gui lty of the murder of Albert Cumming, aged 32, laborer, last July. The jury (陪审团) reached its decision after only ten minutes, recommending t he most severe punishment to the court. It was, said the judge, a simple case. Cumming and Cleary had quarreled violently at the Harbour Hotel on July 23rd and police saw Cleary kicking at the head of the unconscious Cumming. When arrested, Cleary was drunk but clear-thinking.Cleary was sentenced to life imprisonment with hard labour. As ked if he had anything to say, Cleary answered, “Just don't tell my mother.”“It happened over three years ago,” Paddy said helplessly. No one answered him or moved, for no one knew what to do. “Just don't tell my mother,” said Fee numbly. “And no one did! Oh, G od! My poor, poor Frank!”Paddy wiped the tears from his face and said. “Fee , pack you r things. We'll go to see him.”She half-rose before sinking back, her eyes in her small white face stare d as if dead. “I can't go,” she said without a hint of pain, yet mak ing everyone feel that the pain was there. “It would kill him to se e me. I know him so well—his pride, his ambition. Let him bear the shame alone, it's what he wants. We've got to help him keep his secret. What good will it do him to see us?”Paddy was still weeping, not for Frank, but for the life which had gone from Fee's face, for the dying in her eyes. Frank had alwa ys brought bitterness and misfortune, always stood between Fee and himself. He was the cause of her withdrawal from his hea rt and the hearts of his children. Every time it looked as if there might be happiness for Fee, Frank took it away. But Paddy's lov e for her was as deep and impossible to wipe out as hers was f or Frank.So he said. “Well, Fee, we won't go. But we must make sure he is taken care of. How about if I write to Father Jones and ask hi m to look out for Frank?”The eyes didn't liven, but a faint pink stole into her cheeks. “Yes , Paddy, do that. Only make sure he knows not to tell Frank we found out. Perhaps it would ease Frank to think for certain that we don't know.”10. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. Frank was found guilty of murder because he was a professi onal boxer.B. The family didn't find out what happened to Frank until three years later.C. The jury and the judge disagreed on whether Frank had com mitted murder.D. Frank didn't want his family to find out what happened becau se Paddy disliked him.11. Paddy cried because he thought ______________.A. Frank did kill someone and deserved the punishmentB. Frank should have told Fee what had happenedC. what had happened to Frank was killing FeeD. Frank had always been a man of bad moral character12. “She half-rose before sinking back…” (in Paragraph 6) shows that_______ _______.A. Fee was so heart-broken that she could hardly stand upB. Fee didn't want to upset Paddy by visiting FrankC. Fee couldn't leave her family to go to see FrankD. Fee struggled between wanting to see Frank and respecting his wish13. Which of the following suggests that Fee was deeply shock ed by what happened to Frank?A. “Her eyes in her small white face stared as if dead.”B. “Let him bear the shame alone, it’s what he w ants.”C. “Every time it looked as if there might be happiness for Fee, Frank took it away.”D. “The eyes didn’t liven, but a faint pink stole into her cheeks.”14. What is Fee's probable relationship with Frank and Paddy?A. Son and brother.B. Son and husband.C. Brother and lover.D. Lover and husband.参考答案 10-14 BCDAB******************************************************结束2013高考英语二轮阅读理解（四月）训练（2）及答案I believe that animals possess greater intelligence than most people think. But plants? I've neve r considered the possibility of plant intelligence. The idea seems absurd.Yet I've had friends argue that plant intelligence might exist. "What are the differences between plants and animals?" they ask, and then they argue about certain species that seem to share th e intelligence of both plants and animals.New research suggests that plants communicate via "networks". Plant communication is not a n ew idea, and cannot indicate that its is a kind of intelligence, but it is still interesting.Recent research from Vidi researcher Josef Stuefer at the Radboud University Nijmegen shows that plants have their own chat systems that they can use to warn each other. Therefore plants are not boring and passive organisms that just stand there waiting to be cut down or eaten up. Many plants form internal communication networks and are able to exchange information netwo rks and are able to exchange information efficiently.Many herbal plants such as strawberries and clovers (三叶草)naturally form networks. Individual plants remain connected with each other for a certain period of time by means of runners (plant stems that grow along the ground and put down roots to form new plants). These con nections enable the plants to share information with each other via internal channels. They are t herefore very similar to computer networks. But what do plants chat to each other about? Recently Stuefer and his colleagues were the first to prove that clover plants warn each other vi a the network links if danger is nearby . If one of the plants is attacked by caterpillars (毛虫)，the other members of the network are warned via an internal signal. Once warned, the intact (完好无损的)plants strengthen their chemical and mechanical (机体的)resistance so that they are less attractive to advancing caterpillars. Thanks to this early warni ng system, the plants can stay one step ahead of their attackers. The research has shown that t his significantly limits the damage to the plants.Again, I don't believe this reflects intelligence, but it's is certainly fascinating.17.The author thinks that the plant communication___________. .A. is absolutely a new ideaB. is a sign of plant intelligenceC. is related to animal communicationD. is interesting and fascinating18.Which of the following statements about the research is NOT true?A. Most plants have no chat system and are passive organisms.B. Individual plants can also remain connected with each other.C. The communication between clover plants can protect them from damage.D. The research is the first to show how clover plants warn each other.19.The author's attitude towards plant intelligence is _______________.A. unconcernedB. doubtfulC. positiveD. hopeful20.What's the best title for the passage?A. Does Plant Communication Really Exist?B. Some Discoveries About Clover PlantC. Does Plant Communication Imply Intelligence?D. A New Study on Plant Communication参考答案 17-20 DABC********************************************结束ASo long as teachers fail to distinguish between teaching and learning, they will continue to unde rtake to do for children that which only children can do for themselves. Teaching children to rea d is not passing reading on to them. It is certainly not endless hours spent in activities about rea ding. Douglas insists that “reading cannot be taught directly and schools should stop trying to d o the impossible.”Teaching and learning are two entirely different processes. They differ in kind and function. The function of teaching is to create the conditions and the climate that will make it possible for child ren to devise the most efficient system for teaching themselves to read. Teaching is also a publi c activity: It can be seen and observed.Learning to read involves all that each individual does to make sense of the world of printed lan guage. Almost all of it is private, for learning is an occupation of the mind, and that process is n ot open to public scrutiny.If teacher and learner roles are not interchangeable, what then can be done through teaching th at will aid the child in the quest (探索) for knowledge? Smith has one principal rule for all teaching instructions. “Make learning to r ead easy, which means making reading a meaningful, enjoyable and frequent experience for ch ildren.”When the roles of teacher and learner are seen for what they are, and when both teacher and le arner fulfill them appropriately, then much of the pressure and feeling of failure for both is elimin ated. Learning to read is made easier when teachers create an environment where children are given the opportunity to solve the problem of leaning to read by reading.41. The problem with the reading course as mentioned in the first paragraph is that _______.A. it is one of the most difficult school coursesB. students spend endless hours in readingC. reading tasks are assigned with little guidanceD. too much time is spent in teaching about reading42. The teaching of reading will be successful if ________.A. teachers can improve conditions at school for the studentsB. teachers can enable students to develop their own way of readingC. teachers can devise the most efficient system for readingD. teachers can make their teaching activities observable43. The word “scrutiny” in Para.3 most probably means “________”A. inquiryB. observationC. controlD. suspicion44. According to the passage, learning to read will no longer be a difficult task when _______.A. children become highly motivatedB. teacher and learner roles are interchangeableC. teaching helps children in the search for knowledgeD. reading enriches children’s experience45. The main idea of the passage is thatA. teachers should do as little as possible in helping students learn to readB. teachers should encourage students to read as widely as possibleC. reading ability is something acquired rather than taughtD. reading is more complicated than generally believed参考答案 41-45DBBAC********************************************************结束BThe biggest safety threat facing airlines today may not be a terrorist with a gun, but the man with the portable computer in business class. In the last 15 years, pilots have reported well over 100 incidents that could have been caused by electromagnetic interference. The source of this int erference remains unconfirmed, but increasingly, experts are pointing the blame at portable ele ctronic devices such as portable computers, radio and cassette players and mobile telephones. RTCA, an organization which advises the aviation(航空) industry, has recommended that all airlines ban such devices from being used during “critica l” stages of flight, particularly take-off and landing. Some experts have gone further, calling for a total ban during all flights. Current ly, rules on using these devices are left up to individual airlines. And although some airlines pro hibit passengers from using such equipment during take-off and landing, most are reluctant to enforce a total ban, given that many passengers want to work during flights.The difficulty is predicting how electromagnetic fields might affect an aircraft’s computers. Exper ts know that portable devices emit radiation which affects those wavelengths which aircraft use f or navigation and communication. But, because they have not been able to reproduce these eff ects in a laboratory, they have no way of knowing whether the interference might be dangerous or not.The fact that aircraft may be vulnerable (易受损的) to interference raises the risk that terrorists may use radio system in order to damage navig ation equipment. As worrying, though, is the passenger who can’t hear the instructions to turn off his radio because the music’s too loud.46. The passage is mainly about ________.A. a new regulation for all airlines.B. the defects of electronic crashesC. a possible cause of aircraft crashesD. effective safety measures for air flight47. What is said about the over 100 aircraft incidents in the past 15 years?A. They may have been caused by the damage to the radio systems.B. They may have taken place during take off and landing.C. They were proved to have been caused by the passengers’ portable computers.D. They were suspected to have resulted from electromagnetic interference.48. Few airlines want to impose a total ban on their passengers using electronic devices because _______.A. they don’t believe there is such a danger as radio interference.B. the harmful effect of electromagnetic interference is yet to be proved.C. most passengers refuse to take a plane which bans the use of radio and cassette players.D. they have other effective safety measures to fall back on.49. Why is it difficult to predict the possible effects of electromagnetic fields on an airplane’s co mputers?A. Because it is extremely dangerous to conduct such research on an airplane.B. Because it remains a mystery what wavelengths are liable to be interfered with.C. Because research scientists have not been to produce the same effects in labsD. Because experts lack adequate equipment to do such research.50. It can inferred from the passage that the author _________.A. is in favor of prohibiting passengers’ use of electronic devices completelyB. has overestimated the danger of electromagnetic interferenceC. hasn’t formed his own opinion on this problemD. regards it as unreasonable to exercise a total ban during flight参考答案 46-50CDBCA************************************************结束CEveryone gathered around and Paddy read out loud, slowly, his tone growing sadder and sadde r. The little headline said: BOXER RECEIVES LIFF SENTENCE.Frank Cleary, aged 26, professional boxer, was today found guilty of the murder of Albert Cum ming, aged 32, laborer, last July. The jury (陪审团) reached its decision after only ten minutes, recommending the most severe punishment to t he court. It was, said the judge, a simple case. Cumming and Cleary had quarreled violently at t he Harbour Hotel on July 23rd and police saw Cleary kicking at the head of the unconscious Cu mming. When arrested, Cleary was drunk but clear-thinking.Cleary was sentenced to life imprisonment with hard labour. Asked if he had anything to say, Cl eary answered, “Just don't tell my mother.”“It happened over three years ago,” Paddy said helplessly. No one answered him or moved, for no one knew what to do. “Just don't tell my mother,” said Fee numbly. “And no one did! Oh, Go d! My poor, poor Frank!”Paddy wiped the tears from his face and said. “Fee , pack your things. We'll go to see him.”She half-rose before sinking back, her eyes in her small white face stared as if dead. “I can't go,” she said without a hint of pain, yet making everyone feel that the pain was there. “It would kill him to see me. I know him so well—his pride, his ambition. Let him bear the shame alone, it's what he wants. We've got to help him keep his secret. What good will it do him to see us?”Paddy was still weeping, not for Frank, but for the life which had gone from Fee's face, for the d ying in her eyes. Frank had always brought bitterness and misfortune, always stood between Fe e and himself. He was the cause of her withdrawal from his heart and the hearts of his children. Every time it looked as if there might be happiness for Fee, Frank took it away. But Paddy's lov e for her was as deep and impossible to wipe out as hers was for Frank.So he said. “Well, Fee, we won't go. But we must make sure he is taken care of. How about if I write to Father Jones and ask him to look out for Frank?”The eyes didn't liven, but a faint pink stole into her cheeks. “Yes, Paddy, do that. Only make sur e he knows not to tell Frank we found out. Perhaps it would ease Frank to think for certain that we don't know.”10. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. Frank was found guilty of murder because he was a professional boxer.B. The family didn't find out what happened to Frank until three years later.C. The jury and the judge disagreed on whether Frank had committed murder.D. Frank didn't want his family to find out what happened because Paddy disliked him.11. Paddy cried because he thought ______________.A. Frank did kill someone and deserved the punishmentB. Frank should have told Fee what had happenedC. what had happened to Frank was killing FeeD. Frank had always been a man of bad moral character12. “She half-rose before sinking back…” (in Paragraph 6) shows that______________.A. Fee was so heart-broken that she could hardly stand upB. Fee didn't want to upset Paddy by visiting FrankC. Fee couldn't leave her family to go to see FrankD. Fee struggled between wanting to see Frank and respecting his wish13. Which of the following suggests that Fee was deeply shocked by what happened to Frank?A. “Her eyes in her small white face stared as if dead.”B. “Let him bear the shame alone, it’s what he wants.”C. “Every time it looked as if there might be happiness for Fee, Frank took it away.”D. “The eyes didn’t liven, but a faint pink stole into her cheeks.”14. What is Fee's probable relationship with Frank and Paddy?A. Son and brother.B. Son and husband.C. Brother and lover.D. Lover and husband.参考答案 10-14 BCDAB******************************************************结束。

None
Not Launched
8-Dec-13
emedastine difumarate EMADINE
NOVARTIS VISION
11-Dec-13
duloxetine hydrochloride
CYMBALTA
LILLY
14-Dec-13
capecitabine
XELODA
ROCHE
17-Dec-13
28-Apr-14
docosanol
ABREVA
GSK CONSUMER HLTH ALPHAGEN LABS;XGEN PHARM INC;WATSON LABS;URL PHARMA;TEVA PHARMACEUTICA;Q UALITEST PRODUCTS;PECOS PHARM;MUTUAL PHARM;MCNEIL PHARM;MAJOR PHARM;GLOBAL PHARM CORP;EXPERT MED INC;ETHEX CORP;ECONOLAB;C ONTRACT PHARM;APTALIS PHARM
LEVEMIR
NOVO NORDISK
4-Feb-14
ceftibuten dihydrate
CEDAX
PERNIX THERAPEUTIC
3-Mar-14
raloxifene hydrochloride
EVISTA
LILLY
4-Mar-14
fosaprepitant dimeglumine
EMEND
LIVALO
LILLY
19-May-15
tolvaptan
SAMSCA
OTSUKA AMERICA PH
5-Jun-15

2022Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health. Here are five ways to sustain(保持) long-distance friendships.·Set a regular dateLong-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact(联系) and share with one another. With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge. 36 .·More isn’t always merrierMake sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both. 37 . There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.·Practise empathy(共情)38 . The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the friend who has moved. The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned.·39Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships. Although technology might make day-to-day communication possible, extra effort goes a long way on special days. Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of friends’ birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you.·Don’t rely on technology alone40 , but long-distance friendships --even close ones-- may require more conscious effort to sustain. Try to seek out chances to renew friendships. How to do it? Just spend face-to-face time together whenever possible.A. Remember important datesB. Compensate by writing lettersC. It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeperD. Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to itE. Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communicationF. It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social mediaG. You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind2021According to Jessica Hagy, author of How to Be Interesting, it’s not difficult to make yourselfinteresting at a dinner party.36 , if you’re out of your comfort zone or if you’re wandering into somebody’s house for the first time. So the main thing is just to show up and be adventurous, trying different foods and talking to strangers.People love to talk about themselves. If you can start the conversation with a question other than “What do you do for a living?”, you’ll be able to get a lot more interesting conversation out of whomever it is you’re talking to. 37 , it can bring in “I have this old, broken-down vehicle” or “I rode the bus with these crazy people who were laughing at silly jokes in the back.” It just opens up conversation.38 ? If you can’t take their wine away, you should certainly try to take away their soapbox (讲台). If you’re the host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation. 39 .And what about that other dinner-party killer: awkward silence? If you’re faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party, the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment(赞扬). 40 . Just quickly turn around and say, “This cake is extremely delicious and you have to tell me all about it.”So being interesting at a dinner party isn’t that hard.A. How do you know the hostB. The first step is to go exploringC. If you ask the question “How did you get here?”D. Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangersE. Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to sayF. What about that person who had too much to drink or won’t stop talkingG. He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most2020A Few Tips for Self-AcceptanceWe all want it… to accept and love ourselves. But at times it seems too difficult and too far out of reach. __36__ Here’s a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction.●__37__ Do not follow the people who make you feel not-good-enough. Why do you follow them? Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs? Know that your life is your own; you are the only you in this world.●Forgive yourself for mistakes that you have made. We are often ashamed of our shortcomings, our mistakes and our failures. __38__ You will make mistakes, time and time again. Rather than getting caught up in how you could have done better, why not offer yourself a compassionate (有同情心) response? “That didn’t go as planned. But, I tried my best.”●Recognize all of your strengths. Write them down in a journal. Begin to train your brain to look at strength before weakness. List all of your accomplishments and achievements. You have a job, earned your degree, and you got out of bed today. __39__●Now that you’ve listed your strengths, list your imperfections. Turn the page in your journal. Put into words why you feel unworthy, why you don’t feel good enough. Now, read these words back to yourself. __40__ Turn to a page in your journal to your list of strengths and achievements. See how awesome you are?A. Feeling upset again?B. Where do you start?C. Nothing is too small to celebrate.D. Remember, you are only human.E. Set an intention for self-acceptance.F. Stop comparing yourself with others.G. When does the comparison game start?2019Is Fresh Air Really Good for You?We all grew up hearing people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air”. 36 According to recent studies, the answer is a big YES, if the air quality in your camping area is good.37 If the air you’re breathing is clean — which it would be if you’re away from the smog of cities — then the air is filled with life-giving, energizing oxygen. If you exercise out of doors, your body will learn to breathe more deeply, allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles(肌肉) and your brain.Recently, people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing(治愈). 38 In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery. It turns out that just looking at green, growing things can reduce stress, lower blood pressure, and put people into a better mood(情绪). Greenery is good for us. Hospital patients who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead. 39 It gives us a great feeling of peace.40 While the sun’s rays can age and harm our skin, they also give us beneficial VitaminD. To make sure you get enough Vitamin D — but still protect your skin — put on sunscreen right as you head outside. It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and that’s plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day’s worth of Vitamin D.A. Fresh air cleans our lungs.B. So what are you waiting for?C. Being in nature refreshes us.D. Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.E. But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said?F. Just as importantly, we tend to associate fresh air with health care.G. All across the country, recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.2018Color is fundamental in home design -- something you’ll always have in every room. A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you'll love to live in. Do you want a room that's full of life? Professional? Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day? 36 , color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point. 37 , they can get a little complex. But good news is that there’re really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones.38 . They’re the little spots of color like throw pillows, mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms. Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa, small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable.Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves.39 . They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors. Whether you're looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant. 40 .A. While all of them are usefulB. Whatever you're looking forC. If you're experimenting with a colorD. Small color choices are the ones we’re most familiar withE. It's not really a good idea to use too many small color piecesF. So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first timeG. Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways2017If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed heartily. Campers, in my eyes, were people who enjoyed insect bites, ill-cooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags. They had nothing in common with me. 36 The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer. 37 We slept in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom. This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work, recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctor’s bill for my son’s food poisoning.I was, nevertheless, talked into going on another fun-filled holiday in the wilderness. 38 Instead, we had a pop-up camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner. My nature-loving friends had remembered to bring all the necessities of life.39 We have done a lot of it since. Recently, we bought a twenty-eight-foot travel trailer complete with a bathroom and a built-in TV set. There is a separate bedroom, a modern kitchen witha refrigerator. The trailer even has matching carpet and curtains.40 It must be true that sooner or later, everyone finds his or her way back to nature. I recommend that you find your way in style.A. This time there was no tent.B. Things are going to be improved.C. The trip they took me on was a rough one.D. I was to learn a lot about camping since then, however.E. I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping.F. After the trip, my family became quite interested in camping.G. There was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall.2016Secret codes(密码) keep messages private. Banks, companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer.People have used secret codes for thousands of years. 36 Code breaking never lags(落后) far behind code making. The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.There are three main types of cryptography. 37 For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” Spell out the hidden message “Meet me”.38 You might represent each letter with a number, for example. Let’s number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for each letter, the message “Meet me” would read “13 5 5 20 13 5”.A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book. 39 For example, “bridge” might stand for “meet” and “out”might stand for “me.” The message “Bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me”. 40 However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently.A. It is very hard to break a code without the code book.B. In any language, some letters are used more than others.C. Only people who know the keyword can read the message.D. As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them.E. You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.F. With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words.G. Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.2015Building Trust in a Relationship AgainTrust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences. 36 That is a risk. But you can’t be successful when there’s a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.Unfortunately, we’ve all been victims of betrayal. Whether we’ve been stolen from, lied to, misled, or cheated on, there are different levels of losing trust. Sometimes people simply can’t trust anymore. 37 It’s understandable, but if you’re willing to build trust in a relationship again, we have some steps you can take to get you there.●38 Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being.●39 If you’ve been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance. But there’s a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”. At some point in all of our lives, we’ll have our trust tested or violated.●You didn’t lose “everything”. Once trust is lost, what is left? Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life. 40 Instead, it’s a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.A. Learn to really trust yourself.B. It is putting confidence in someone.C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim.D. Remember that you can expect the best in return.E. They’ve been too badly hurt and they can’t bear to let it happen again.F. This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.G. Seeing the positive side of things doesn’t mean you’re ignoring what happened.2014The jobs of the future have not yet been invented. 36 By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds.1. CuriosityYour children need to be deeply curious. 37 Ask kids, “What ingredients(配料) can weadd to make these pancakes even better next time?” and then try them out. Ingredients make the pancakes better? What could we try next time?2. CreativityTrue creativity is the ability to take something existing and create something new. 38 There are a dozen different things you can do with them. Experimenting with materials to create something new can go a long way in helping them develop their creativity.3. Personal skillsUnderstanding how others feel can be a challenge for kids. We know what’s going on inside our own head, but what about others? Being able to read people helps kid from misreading a situation and jumping to false conclusions. 39 “Why do you think she’s crying?” “Can you tell how that man is feeling by looking at his face?” “If someone were to do that to you, how would you feel?”4. Self Expression40 There are many ways to express thoughts and ideas –music, acting, drawing, building, photography. You may find that your child is attracted by one more than another.A. Encourage kids to cook with you.B. And we can’t forget science education.C. We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways.D. So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that don’t yet exist?E. Gardening is another great activity for helping kids develop this skill.F. We can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in stories.G. Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill.2013Business is organized approach to providing customers with the goods and services they want. The word business also refers to an organization that provides these goods and services. Most businesses seek to make a profit (利润) —that is, they aim to achieve income that is more than the costs of operating the business. __71__ Commonly called nonprofits, these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers. __72__Business management is a term used to describe the techniques of planning, direction, and control of the operations of a business. __73__ One is the establishment (制定) of broad basic policies with respect to production; sales; the purchase of equipment, materials and supplies; and accounting. __74__ The third relates to the establishment of standards of work in all departments. Direction is concerned primarily with supervision (监管) and guidance by the management in authority. __75__A. Control includes the use of records and reports to compare actual work with the set standards for work.B. In this connection there is the difference between top management and operative management.C. Examples of nonprofit business include such organizations as social service agencies and many hospitals.D. However, some businesses only seek to earn enough to cover their operating costs.E. The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments.F. In the theory of business management, organization has two main aspects.G. Planning in business management has three main aspects.。