整体光照模型与光线跟踪ppt讲解
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10800 rays used in lighting pass.Note:-improved caustic definition,-lighting effect of mirror, -reflection of caustic,-shadowing due to mirror lighting.CausticsFrom Alan Watt, “3D Computer Graphics”Standard raytracer:Diffuse table and blue ball,mirrors left, right and back, transparent red ballBi-directional raytracer More rays in the light passSingle Pass (Conventional RT)Note : caustic due to red transparent ballHenrik http://www.gk.dtu.dk/~hwjBidirectional example200 rays used in lighting pass 400 rays used in lighting passRefraction causticsHenrik http://www.gk.dtu.dk/~hwj15Direct illumination 16Global Illumination17eyediagram photograph:18Original sculpture by John Ferren lit by daylight from behind.Image rendered with radiosity. note color bleeding effects.Ray traced image. A standard ray tracer cannot simulate the interreflection of light between 19Radiosity vs. Ray TracingRay-tracingView-dependentSpecular and refractionRadiosityView-independent Diffuse only20Radiosity vs. Ray Tracing•Ray tracing is an algorithm–If the camera is moved, we have to start over•Radiosity is computed in object-space–View-independent (just don't move the light)–Can pre-compute complex lighting to allow interactive walkthroughs26The Rendering EquationxMuseum simulation. Program of Computer Graphics, Cornell University.50,000 patches. Note indirect lighting from ceiling.32Radiosity Overview在辐射度方法中,所有的景物表面都假设为理想的朗伯漫反射表面所有的入射光在各个方向上反射的光强都一样整个场景被划分为一系列的小区域(small areas, or patches )设小区域i 向外辐射的所有能量的辐射度为Bi,并认为在i 内所有地方的辐射度为一个常数单位如下,表示单位立体角单位面积的瓦特数:Watts / steradian * meter 2x'ω'x'xxx’Discrete Radiosity EquationA iA j•discrete representation•iterative solution•costly geometric/visibility calculationspatches, over which the radiosity =i B The Radiosity Matrix求解该矩阵,就可以为每一个patch 得到一个B i ,它与视点是无关的。