基于单片机的温控风扇

电子与信息专业论文：基于单片机的智能温控风扇控制系统设计摘要：风扇不仅作为一种生活小家电进入到人们的生活当中，它在很多的领域也被得到广泛的应用，比如像在工业生产或者建筑施工过程中用来给机械设备进行加热。

随着电子技术的快速发展，风扇在造福于人的同时也在发挥着节能环保的作用，这便是可遥控型智能风扇的发展背景。

本次设计就是针对传统风扇存在的问题与不足来设计一款可调控的智能风扇，本次设计使用STC89C51单片机来控制外围电路以及采集传感器的数据；使用DS18B20数字温度传感器对周围环境中的温度进行实时的采集，采集完成之后发送给单片机进行处理；处理好的信息以及系统的运行状态可以在数码管液晶显示模块上实时的显示。

关键词：温控风扇，单片机，DS18B20，自动控制Abstract：With the advent of the era of electrical appliances, power driven devices continue to be produced, fan is one of them. It can often be seen in people's daily life, and it can also be often encountered in the industrial field. Its main role is to heat, but it also has some shortcomings. This design is to design a kind of adjustable intelligent fan aiming at the problems and shortcomings of the traditional fan. This design uses STC89C51 single-chip microcomputer to control the peripheral circuit and collect the sensor data; uses DS18B20 digital temperature sensor to collect the temperature in the surrounding environment in real time, and sends it to the single-chip microcomputer for processing after collection; processes the information to And the operation state of the system can be displayed on the digital tube LCD module in real time. Key words: temperature control fan, single chip, DS18B20, automatic control.目录1绪论12系统方案设计22.1功能需求分析22.2系统框架设计23系统硬件设计33.1STC89C51单片机最小系统33.1.1STC89C51单片机介绍33.1.2STC89C51单片机最小系统设计43.2电机驱动电路设计63.3温度采集电路设计73.4数码管显示电路设计83.5信号调理与A/D转换电路的实现93.6风扇强电控制模块113.7继电器电路114软件程序设计134.1Keil C51开发环境介绍134.2主程序设计144.3子程序设计154.3.1温度检测程序设计154.3.2调速子程序设计164.3.3按键子程序设计174.3.4OLED液晶显示175系统调试195.1实物制作195.2功能调试206结论211绪论生活中，我们经常会使用一些与温度有关的设备。

本科毕业设计（外文翻译）题目基于单片机的自动调温风扇系统设计姓名丁蒙恩专业电子科学与技术学号 3指导教师张军郑州科技学院电气工程学院二○一三年五月外文翻译原文：System design based on single chip microcomputerautomatic temperature adjustment fan Temperature control fan in the modern social production and People's Daily life have a wide range of applications, such as industrial production and large mechanical cooling fan in the system, now widely used on laptops smart CPU fan, etc. Design based on single chip microcomputer temperature control fan system, this paper adopts the single chip microcomputer as controller, using temperature sensor DS18B20 as temperature gathering element, and according to the collected temperature through a darlington reverse drive driven ULN2803 fan motor. According to the detected temperature was compared with the system set the temperature of the implementation of the fan motor start and stop automatically, and can root temperature changes automatically changes the speed of the fan motor, at the same time with eight digital tube LED display temperature and setting temperature is detected.I. IntroductionWith the wide application of microcontroller in various fields, many of the temperature control system using single chip microcomputer as control also arises at the historic moment, such as system based on single chip microcomputer temperature control fan. It makes the fan according to the change of environmental temperature automatic start-stop, the fan speed changes with the change of environmental temperature, fan intelligent control is realized. Its design for the modern society has brought many convenient people's life and production, to improve people's quality of life, the production efficiency but also can save the energy for the fan operation.This paper was designed by the ATMEL company 8052 series single-chip computer AT89C52 as the controller, the temperature sensor by DALLAS company DS18B20 as temperature gathering element, and through a darlington reverse drive the rotation of the fan motor driven ULN2803. At the same time, make the system detected ambient temperature as well as the system default temperature dynamic display on LED digital tube. According to the system detects the ambient temperature and the comparison of the preset temperature, realize automatic start-stop of the fan motor and speed automatic adjustment.II. System Overall Structure DesignIs the overall train of thought of this design: using temperature sensor DS18B20 testing environment temperature and directly output digital signals to single chip microcomputer AT89C52, on the LED digital tube display the current environment temperature and the preset temperature. The preset temperature can form as an integer, detects the current environment temperature can be accurate to one decimal place. At the same time adopts the PWM pulse width modulation method to change the dc fan motor speed. And through the two buttons to change the default value, a preset temperature, another reduce the preset temperature.III. the unit module's hardware designSystem mainly includes device DS18B20 temperature sensor, and AT89C52 single-chip microcomputer and five LED digital tube, fan Yin reverse drive dc motor, darlington ULN2803. Auxiliary components include resistors capacitors, crystal vibration, power supplies, buttons, dial the code switch, etc.part of the system devicessingle line digital temperature sensorDS18B20 digital temperature sensor, is using the American DALLAS semiconductor company production of DS18B20 digital temperature sensor networking chip packaging, it has the miniaturization, low power consumption, high performance, strong anti-interference ability, easy to match advantage such asmicroprocessors, temperature can be directly converted to a serial digital signal processor for processing.The main characteristic of DS18B20: measuring results directly in the form of a digital signal output, with "1-wire bus" means serial port sent to the CPU, can send CRC check code at the same time, with strong ability of anti-interference error correction; Temperature measurement range between - 55 ℃ ~ + 125 ℃, at - 10 ℃ ~ + 85 ℃ accuracy of plus or minus ℃; Detects the temperature resolution for 9 ~ 12, corresponding distinguished temperature ℃, respectively, ℃, ℃and ℃, which can realize high precision temperature measurement; The uniqueness of the single wire interface, it makes only a port when it is connected with the microprocessor line can be realized with the two-way communication of the microprocessor; Support more network function, that is, multiple DS18B20 can be parallel on only three lines, achieve network function of multipoint temperature measurement; Wide working voltage range, the range from V to V.DS18B20 internal structure mainly has four parts: a 64 - bit ROM, the temperature of the temperature sensors, nonvolatile alarm trigger TH and TL, the configuration register. The pin has three, the DQ for digital signal, GND for power supply, VDD power input end.to the AT89C52 single chip microcomputerIs one of the 51 series single chip microcomputer AT89C52 model, it is produced by the ATMEL company a low voltage, high-performance 8-bit microcontroller, on chip device adopts nonvolatile of ATMEL company, high-density storage technology production, compatible with standard of MCS - 51 command system, at the same time with general 8-bit CPU and 8 k bytes can be repeatedly wipe read-only program memory RAM, ROM and 256 gigabytes of data memory in many, many more complex control system is AT89C52 single chip microcomputer has been widely used. AT89C52 40 pin.part of the circuit designis reset and crystal oscillator circuitIn microcomputer application system, in addition to the microcontroller itself needs to be reset, external expansion I/O interface circuit also need to be reset, so you need a system, including electricity and button to reset synchronous reset circuit. Single-chip microcomputer XTAL1 and XTAL2 for external quartz crystal and fine-tuning capacitor, which used to connect the MCU chip OSC time feedback loop. This switch is reset and crystal oscillator circuit in the design of as shown in the figure below, when press the button switch S1, system reset at a time. For 20 pf capacitor C1, C2, C3 is 10 uf, the 10 k resistor R2, and R3, crystals of MHz. acquisition circuitDS18B20 digital temperature sensor by counting its internal clock cycles to effect, achieve the function of peculiar temperature measurement. Low temperature coefficient of the clock oscillator output signal generated by high temperature coefficient of oscillator's door was counting cycles, and counter with advance and 55 ℃ corresponding weights of a base. If counter count to zero, the high temperature coefficient of oscillation period is not over, said the measured temperature value is higher than 55 ℃, were prepared in the register - 55 ℃ temperature increases, the value 1 ℃, and the process repeats itself, until the end of the high temperature coefficient of oscillation cycle. Temperature register at this time of the measured temperature value, value is the value stored in memory in the form of a 16-bit binary, sent by the host memory read command to read the temperature value, when read in low, high,. Because of the influence of the temperature oscillator parabolic characteristics, which use the slope accumulator to compensate.motor drive and control circuitOf MCU I/O mouth in the design of the PWM output pulse, through a darlington reverse drive driven ULN2803 12 v brushless dc fan motor and fan motor speed regulation.Keyboard set temperature control, through the software corresponding input to the MCU control instruction, by single-chip microcomputer through port output and speed corresponding PWM pulse, after driven ULN2803 fan motor control circuit, realize automatic control of motor speed and the rev. Stop. Whenenvironment temperature, the dc motor speed will be in accordance with the corresponding set level increased; When environment temperature drop, the motor speed will accordingly decrease; When environment temperature is below the set temperature, the motor stop running, and the environment temperature is higher than the preset temperature, the motor is restarted.IV .The software designSoftware design includes application Settings, programming and software simulation. Program design part mainly includes the main program, DS18B20 initialization function, DS18B20 temperature conversion function, temperature reading functions, the keyboard scanning function, digital tube display, temperature processing function and control function of the motor. DS18B20 initialization function of DS18B20 initialization; DS18B20 temperature conversion function complete real-time collection of temperature; Temperature reading function complete host on the temperature sensor data reading and data conversion, keyboard scanning function is set according to the need to complete initial value and subtract; Temperature processing function to analyze the collected temperature, provide the conditions for motor speed changes; Fan motor control function was completed according to the temperature of the numerical control of motor speed and rev. Stop.With Proteus simulation Proteus has four function modules: the first smart principle diagram design, complete the circuit simulation function, unique collaborative simulation microcontroller and practical platform for the PCB design. Its internal components library contains rich components to support intelligent bus structure and attachment function; Support mainstream CPU (such as ARM, 8051/52, AVR) and its general real-time simulation model of the peripheral, etc., brings great convenience for the development and application of single-chip microcomputer, etc. Start the Proteus software and establish a project, and then according to the principle diagram of the corresponding original, again according to the request to change the original properties and connect various components according to the principlediagram. In the schematic drawing good connection and then loads the compiled program to them. According to the simulation system to realize the function step by step.CONCLUSIONthis system can be used in simple daily fan intelligent control, bring convenience for the life; In industrial production, can change the different input signal, the implementation of different control motor speed signal input, and then realize the production automation, such as in power system can achieve different according to different load voltage signal, again by the generator voltage signal to adjust different rotating speed, and then adjust the power, realize the automation of electric power system. To sum up, the system design and research has the important status in social production and life.译文：基于单片机的自动调温风扇系统设计温控风扇在现代社会中的生产和人们的日常生活中都有普遍的应用，如工业生产中大型机械散热系统中的风扇、此刻笔记本电脑上的普遍应用的智能CPU 风扇等。

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， Ａ＝ 精度高 。 Ｓ ８ ２ 信 息仅需要单 总线数据通信 ， Ｂ １时 ，电机正转 ，而 Ａ＝ １ Ｂ＝０时 ， Ｄ １Ｂ ０ ＝ ０， ＝０ 时电机停转 。而 Ｐ Ｂ ＷＭ脉 冲信号 的占 随着 单片机在各 个领域 的广泛应 用 ，用单 使用非常方便 。 Ｄ １Ｂ ０ Ｓ８ ２ 其管脚有 三个端 ， 中 Ｄ 其 Ｑ为数 空 比则决定 了电机 的转速 。电路设计 如下 ： 片机 作控制 的温 度控 制系统也 应运产生 ，比如 ２ 度与 ３ 度时的 Ｐ ６ ４ ＷＭ波形 。 以看 出 ２ 可 ６ Ｇ Ｄ为电源地 ，Ｄ Ｖ Ｄ为 电源输入端 。 用单 片机控制直流 电机随环境温度 变化而改变 字信号端 ，Ｎ Ｓ ８ ２ 进行读 写编程 时 ， 必须保证 读写 时 转 速的装置 ，例如 ：笔记本 电脑上 的智能 Ｃ Ｕ 对 Ｄ １Ｂ ０ Ｐ 风扇 ，当 Ｃ Ｕ温度 超过一定标 准时 ，Ｐ Ｐ Ｃ Ｕ风扇 的时序 ，否则将无法读 取温度结果 。主机控制 Ｓ ８ ２ 完成 温度转 换必 须经过 ３ 步骤 ： 个 每 会 加速运转 ， 随着温度 的升 高转速不断 的变 Ｄ １Ｂ ０ 且 次读写前 都要对 Ｄ １Ｂ ０ Ｓ ８ ２ 进行 复位 ， 复位完 快 。受此启发 ， 目前的 电风扇 中 ， 在 对其进行改 Ｏ 最后发送 Ｒ Ｍ指令 ， Ａ 造 ， 计智 能温 控 电风扇 ， 设 当环 境 温度 超过 ２ 成 后发送一 条 Ｒ Ｍ指令 ， ５ Ｓ ８ ２ 进行 预定 的操作 。 度时 ， 动启 动风扇运转 ， 随着温度 的升高 这样才能对 Ｄ １Ｂ ０ 自 并且 而加速 。达环境温度达 到 ３ 度时 ， ５ 电风扇 全 速 运转 。 本装 置采用单片机模仿 Ｃ Ｕ风扇 的温控 Ｐ 部分 ， 用数码管完成 温度 实时动态显示 。 电路功能 主要体 现在以下方面 ： １ ． 风扇 包含了 ８５ 系列单 片机 的最小 温控 ０ １ 圈４２ ６度 与 ３ ４度 的 Ｐ Ｍ 波 形 Ｗ 应用 系统 ，同时在此 基础上扩展 了一些 实用性 强 的外 围电路。 ２ 过数码实时动态显示 。 通 ３ ． 了温 度 采集 元 件 Ｄ １Ｂ ０ 电路简 采用 Ｓ８２， 单 并且高效采集温度信 息。 ４ 运用编程 的方法使 单片机 随温度变化对 ． 两位共阳极数码管进行显示。将实时温度信号 Ｐ ＷＭ信号进行调制 ， 而改变 电机 的转速 。 从 转 换成七段码 ， 通过查 表的方式显示送 Ｐ ０口输 １ 整体方案设 计 采 先送个位 段码 ， 打开个位 ， 本设计 的整体 思路是 ： 用 Ｄ １Ｂ ０ 度 出。 动态扫描方式 ， 利 Ｓ８２ 温 ０Ｓ 送十位段码 ， 打开十位 。 利用人 传感器直接输 出数字温度信 号给单片机进 行处 １Ｍ 后关个位 ， 所 理 ，在数 码管上显示 当前 环境温度值 。同时 由 眼视角暂停现 象进行动态扫描 。电路如 图 ２ Ｐ ＷＭ 脉宽调制来 改变 电机的转速 。 总体结构框 不 。

基于51单片机的智能温控风扇设计文献综述智能温控风扇一直以来是许多人在夏天必备的家居电器，而51单片机则作为一种常见的嵌入式应用领域的开发工具，正是在这样的基础上完成了智能温控风扇的智能化设计。

本文将对基于51单片机的智能温控风扇设计进行文章综述。

一、项目背景与概述基于51单片机的智能温控风扇设计项目旨在通过数字电子技术，实现风扇的自动温控和智能控制。

该设计采用了51单片机作为控制中心，具有温度检测和风扇控制的功能，可实现便捷的风扇控制和温度控制。

二、功能设计该智能温控风扇的功能设计主要包括以下方面：1. 温度检测功能设计采用了自带的ADC数模转换电路，通过温度传感器实时进行温度的检测和数据的采集。

2. 温度控制功能设计针对不同的温度范围设计了相应的风扇控制电路，可快速有效地调节风扇的转速，以达到最佳效果。

3. 智能控制功能设计采用了51单片机以及相关的软硬件技术，可实现智能控制模式，通过内部算法，自动识别风扇运行状态，调节控制风扇转速。

三、技术实现该智能温控风扇的实现技术主要包括以下方面：1. 传感器采集通过专用的温度传感器对环境温度进行实时采集并将数据反馈给控制系统。

2. 数据处理将采集到的温度数据进行处理并进行控制算法的优化，在系统内部根据温度调节风扇转速。

3. 控制回路设计中较为重要的一部分是控制回路，通过控制电路来实现智能温控风扇的控制。

四、应用前景基于51单片机的智能温控风扇设计可以广泛应用于各种家庭和办公场所，具有测量精度高、控制功能强以及智能化程度高的优点。

未来，智能温控风扇将会成为人们生活中必不可少的电器产品。

五、结论基于51单片机的智能温控风扇设计在实现自动温控和智能控制方面具有着良好的效果，并且具有较高的应用前景。

需要注意的是，在实现过程中，需要注重温度采集精度和控制算法的优化。