阅读中的长难句
在四六级考试中，通过关键词可以定位到原文中的关键句，这些关键句就是我们所说的“链”。
如何找到“链”-----精准定位法；如何理解“链”------长难句剪枝法。精准定位法
利用关键词（点）去寻找关键句（链）时，我们要运用同义转述原则。
篇章阅读真题示例：
精准定位法：
题干中的关键词为accomplish和planet。由题干关键词定位到原文最后一段。定位段第一句说明，争夺资源会将我们的星球引向地狱，除非人类懂得分享。而随后一句指出，完成这一任务需要每个人都承担起责任，并且只有共同合作才能完成。可见，保护地球必须聚集众人的努力，选项D）中的pooling their efforts together是对原文accomplished together with others的同义转述，所以D)为本题答案。
信息匹配真题示例：
精准定位法：
题干中的关键词为the majority of和rival。由题干关键词定位到原文最后两句。定位句提到，由于美国在冷战中大获全胜，似乎我们的经济体制已没有真正的竞争对手。而一旦失去了国际竞争，我们就没有必要证明我们的体制能够为大多数公民带来利益。题干中的the majority of和rival分别是原文中的most of和competitor的同义转述，故答案为E)。
长难句剪枝法
长难句，顾名思义，即长又难，主要难在用词、结构等方面。掌握了刚才说的精准定位法后，如果定位到的句子是长难句，这个方法就要
排上用场了——长难句剪枝法。先快速找到句子的主干，再掌握细节要素。
1. 找主干，明结构
即：拨开枝杈，直扑主干；排除干扰，确定结构；首先抓住中心内容。
看到一个难句，不要被它吓住，首先要集中精力，找出句子主干。句子再长，主干不会长，根据谓语动词的特点，主干还是不难找到的。只要找到句子的主干，就能明确句子的结构（是简单句，还是并列句、主从复合句、倒装句、强调句等），也就明白句子主要讲了什么。
下面是一些真题中的长难句，我们对主干部分进行了铺底：
例1
Inequality is dangerous, he argued, not merely because it doesn't
look good to have a large gap between the rich and the poor, but because inequality itself destroys upward mobility, making it harder for the poor to escape from poverty.
例2
While Wall Street executives used their expensive lawyers to ensure that their ranks were not held accountable for the misdeeds that the crisis in 2008 so graphically revealed, the banks abused our legal
system to foreclose （取消赎回权）on mortgages and eject tenants, some of whom did not even owe money.
例3
But for students who haven‘t yet done enough research, or who are still constantly changing their minds on favorite schools, the
early-decision system needlessly and prematurely narrows the field of possibility just at a time when students should be opening themselves to a whole range of thrilling options.
例4
The shift, little noticed outside the medical establishment but already controversial inside it, suggests that doctors are starting to redefine their roles, from being concerned exclusively about individual patients to exerting influence on how healthcare dollars are spent.
例5
There are some very commendable characteristics of the CFL ［compact fluorescent (荧光的) light bulb］, yet the selection of any light source remains inseparable from the luminaire (照明装置) that houses it, along with the space in which both are installed, and
lighting requirements that need to be satisfied.
2. 理枝杈，明各层
即：变长为短，层层理清；修饰成分，对号入座；仔细搞清各层意思。
这里的关键就是修饰语和被修饰语要能对得起来，从而理清句子的层次，一层层地搞清楚句子的意思。还是以上面5个真题长难句为例：
例1
Inequality is dangerous, he argued, not merely because it doesn‘t look good to have a large gap between the rich and the poor, but because inequality itself destroys upward mobility, making it harder for the poor to escape from poverty.
剪枝法分析：
用剪枝法先找到有引导词也有谓语动词的从句：两个由because引导的原因状语从句，并用关联词组not merely…but相连接。然后用剪枝法剪掉各个短语，并掌握这些细节信息：插入语he argued，补充说明全句的信息来源，介词短语between the rich and the poor作名词gap的后置定语，现在分词结构making it harder for the poor to escape from poverty作伴随状语，对原因状语从句进行补充说明。
图解结构：
