四六级必考!“一带一路”全套正确英文译法在此

智库时代·224·智库理论“一带一路”相关术语英译研究*霍月红 崔丽 齐灿（河北科技大学，河北石家庄 050018）摘要：本文从“一带一路”时政背景出发，以“一带一路”文件《愿景与行动》中英平行文本为语料，在对“一带一路”相关术语进行概念界定的基础上，将“一带一路”相关术语及特征进行了分类，研究并阐释了当前“一带一路”相关术语英译的四种策略,力图为“一带一路”相关术语翻译工作提供启发和借鉴。

关键词：“一带一路”相关术语；概念；策略；传播中图分类号：H315.9文献标识码：A文章编号：2096-4609（2020）12-0224-002“一带一路”倡议是“丝绸之路经济带”和“21世纪海上丝绸之路”的简称。

2015年中国国家发展改革委员会、外交部和商务部联合公布了《推动共建丝绸之路经济带和21世纪海上丝绸之路的愿景与行动》（以下简称《愿景与行动》）。

“一带一路”专家。

北京语言大学李宇明教授（2015）曾经提出，“一带一路，语言铺路”的概念，并指出“一带一路”倡议涉及众多新词汇、新术语，“应尽快启动‘一带一路’术语研究，制定有关术语使用与翻译原则，提供具体翻译词表，拟定忌讳词表或不建议使用词表”（李宇明，2015:62）。

因此，研究和探讨“一带一路”相关术语翻译，提高翻译的准确性及适应性，能够有效避免因翻译导致的歧义，有利于让沿线及世界各国正确了解和认识我们的愿景和善意，为促发展、谋共赢奠定有利基础。

一、“一带一路”相关术语概念及分类著名计算语言学家冯志伟先生曾著有现代术语学著作《现代术语学引论》，详细介绍了有关术语概念、编纂、标准化等工作原则方法等术语研究的理论问题。

而后众多科研机构和学者对术语工作从理论到实践作了很多探讨，为国内术语研究发展作出了贡献。

结合国内外学者对于术语的定义，我们将“一带一路”相关术语定义为在我国当前发展时期内，服务于“一带一路”倡议建设，在其官方文件中出现的约定性语言符号的集合。

四六级翻译词伙提炼翻译的总体思路1.译文能基本传达原文的意义，无重大的理解和语言错误，同时要注意中英文表达习惯的转换。

2.在确保语法、时态、语态正确的情况下，再考虑用语风格的尽量完善（英文文章是一种静态语言，一句话只有一个动词，名词成分很多。

因此翻译时名词开头是个很好的办法）强化翻译50题提炼（Unit 1）01 压岁钱压岁钱lucky money长辈/未成年小辈the elders/the underage kids春节/除夕夜the Spring Festival/the eve of the Spring Festival拜年pay a New Year visit/call学习和生活用品articles for study and daily use长命百岁live to a ripe old age大洋silver dollar一本万利a small investment brings a ten thousand-fold profit财源茂盛rich financial resources02 能源物质基础material basis纵观take a sweeping view/make a general survey/give a broad overview of能源的改进与更替energy innovations and substitutions坚持...的基本国策take...as a basic state policy节约资源resource conservation03 中国人的购房观古训old maxim/ancient saying修身、齐家、治国、平天下cultivating oneself、managing the family well、administering a country and pacifying the country 成家立业get married and embark on a career根深蒂固deep-rooted/ingrained密不可分inextricably linked/closely related归属感/失落感/幽默感/安全感/责任感sense of belonging/sense of loss/sense of humor/sense of security/sense of responsibility个人身份的体现the identity of an individual在（大城市）过着（忙碌）的生活lead a busy life in big cities买房族（"族"字当成"人"字翻译）house buyer/house purchasers04 中国制造支柱产业pillar industry繁荣富强prosperity新一轮工业革命/再工业化a new round of industrial revolution/re-industrialization严峻挑战rigorous challenges...的发展蓝图the development blueprint of ...探索...的发展之路explore a new development path for...促进...从...到...的跃升accelerate the transformation of ... from ... into ...实现...从...到...的转变shi ... from ... to ...05 水墨画在...中非常有代表性be such a representative type of ...成为...的代名词become a synonym of再现事物的外观reproduce the appearance of the subject神韵spirit构图、明暗、细节刻画composition、arrangement of light and shade、depiction of some details 隐晦地传达...communicate/convey ... in an obscure manner06 鸦片战争在外交、贸易等方面存在长期争议long-standing dispute on diplomacy, trade, etc社会生产/社会生产力societal productivity不平等条约the unequal treaties/terms导致了...的没落lead to the downfall of ...07 孟母三迁十分重视/十分强调pay great attention to/attach great importance to08 汽车限购交通拥堵traffic congestion/heavy traffic/traffic jams出台...政策unveil/announce the policy（复数时为policies）在全国成为大势所趋become a trend around the country一旦实施once be carried out/once be implemented价格战price war薄利多销have small profits but quick turnover汽车限购令vehicle purchase restrictions政府机构government insititutions摇号lottery system09 逆境用积极的态度看待逆境adopting a positive attitude towards adversity使人的潜力发挥到最大bring one's potential into full play树立战胜困难的信心build up confidence to overcome difficulties10 "浅阅读"与"深度阅读"决定着一个民族思维的深度和高度determine how far and wide a nation can think把...列为...的重点have made...the focus of...文化传承cultural transmission已有专家指出It has been pointed out by experts that在高科技的浪潮中in the high-tech trends知其然，而不知其所以然know the hows but not the ways强化翻译50题提炼（Unit 2）01 春节祈年prayer融/集...为一体integrate.../integrate...into a whole最具特色的传统佳节be the most distinctive tradition festival狭义in narrow sense结晶quintessence/essence情感寄托emotional sustenance传承pass家庭伦理/社会伦理family/social ethics历经千百年的积淀a er thousands of years of accumulation异彩纷呈的春节民俗the colorful folk-customs of the Spring Festival底蕴深厚profound foundation弘扬中华民族文化优秀传统promote and develop the fine traditions of the Chinese culture 是...的重要载体be a significant carrier of...除旧布新get rid of the old to make way for the new辞旧迎新ring out the Old Year and ring in the New Year02 端午节端午节The Dragon Boat Festival为人正直conduct oneself uprightly被广为接受的一种说法是the widely accepted one is...安定与繁荣peace and prosperity在流放途中when he was in exile万念俱灰fall into despair后来演变成...this evolved to be the origin of是...的起源serve as the source of03 京剧文化的瑰宝cultural treasure忠勇智慧faithfulness,bravery and wisdom刚正不阿uprightness and integrity阴险狡诈insidiousness and treachery在...中名列前茅get ahead of ...人类非物质文化遗产intangible cultural heritage04 丝绸之路丝绸之路the silk road具有重要历史意义的historically important中国的四大发明the four great Chinese inventions一座光辉灿烂的文化桥梁a splendid cultural bridge05 人生据说it is said that随便与从容casualness and calm06 中国菜新的饮食习惯new dietary habits餐饮/烹饪culinary美食/菜系cuisine招牌菜signature dish频繁光顾快餐连锁店frequent some fast food chains 07 长城延绵数千公里stretch for thousands of kilometers由于时代久远due to the long time span无与伦比的重要性incomparable/unparalleled significance捍卫国家和人民安全safeguard the security of the country and its people 地势险要be strategically located and difficult of access08 西安享誉全球enjoy a great reputation all over the world发源地birthplace历史文物古迹historical sites and cultural relics文化遗产cultural heritage交通枢纽transportation hub09 无手机焦虑症指的是refer to被划定为be categorized as就像...on a par with ...临床病症clinical disorder日新月异change with each passing day对...爱不释手fondle ... admiringly10 追星追星star chasing...对...特别崇拜one's worship for...分散某某某做...的精力distract the attention of .sb from .sth有利也有弊have both advantages and disadvantages双刃剑double-edged sword取其精华去其糟粕absorb what is good and reject what is bad/ absorb the essence and reject the dross/ select the refined and discard the crude树立健康的生活态度和价值观foster healthy life attitudes and values强化翻译50题提炼（Unit 3）01 元宵节元宵节the Lantern Festival地方特色local characteristics...因...而令人叹为观止... are admired for ...02 舞狮自从...问世以来s ince ...'s inception早在...朝代的时候as early as ... Dynasty...历史悠久，可以追溯到...年以前... has a long history stretching back over 2000 years祈求吉利pray for good luck有记录表明Records show that中原central plains03 风筝神话故事mythological stories在...的发展变化中in ...'s evolvement04 中医中医traditional Chinese medicine对...进行系统全面的说明give a complete and systematic description of全面阐述elaborate外因/内因external reason/internal reason为...奠定了初步的基础lay a preliminary foundation for ...因时/因地/因人而异differentiation according to the climatic and seasonal conditions/geographical localities/individual constitution05 中文的海外影响海外华人overseas Chinese通晓thoroughly understand/be well-versed in增加就业机会increase employment opportunities壮观的自然风光spectacular natural scenery06 可持续发展可持续发展long-term development/sustainable development科学发展观scientific outlook on development协调...的发展coordinate development of头等大事issue of top priority淡水fresh water07 北京历朝历代帝王emperors of many dynasties君临天下establish one's（一般为their） administrative power举世闻名world-famous凝聚embody集天下...之大成have the merits of ... all over the country被誉为...be credited with the honor of...国粹quintessence of the Chinese culture08 网络谣言谣言rumor采取强硬措施take a hard line/take tough measures打击crack down on优良品质sound quality素质moral quality信誉credibility遵守/维护...的正常秩序observe/maintain the normal order of...诽谤defame/slander09 正能量不良情绪unhealthy emotions自信、豁达、进取self-confidence、generosity、enterprise自私、猜疑selfishness、suspicion此消彼长的reciprocal凭空out of thin air力不从心less capable than desirable积极的心态positive mental states10 空巢老人空巢老人empty nester随着现代化进程加快with the acceleration of modernization趋向/易于...be prone to四世同堂four generations living under the same roof计划生育政策the family planning policy人口老龄化高峰a peak of aging强化翻译50题提炼（Unit 4）01 灯谜是劳动人民智慧的结晶reflect the wisdom of the working people娱乐活动recreational activity在民间among the people农历lunar calendar02 七夕节一群a flock of获得精湛的...技艺acquire high skills in...一次成功make it at the first try由来已久be honored by time03 孔子周游列国tour around various states被汇集编纂成...be collected and compiled into千古传诵have been read through all ages影响深远with a far-reaching/profound impact04 京剧脸谱具有民族特色have distinctive national features表示/象征stand for（也可用denote）05 道教世间万物everything that exists无法言喻的ineffable不可估量的immeasurable推动力the driving force06 鼎是...的见证serve as a witness to...引申意义extended meaning祭品sacrificial vessel07 和平发展封建腐败the feudal corruption连年内乱internal upheaval主权沦丧/割让主权cede its sovereign rights国力衰弱diminish its national power（视情况变成被动形态）民不聊生deprived its people of their means of livelihood深知be keenly aware of充分证明...的正确性prove its correctness in...符合中国国情accord with the condition of China顺应时代潮流conform to the historical trend of the time 08 中国高铁基础建设infrastructure construction就...而言/在...方面in terms of外交访问diplomatic visit技术引进introduction of technology自主创新independent innovation实现了...的质的飞跃make a quantum leap of ...无论...还是...either...or......成为代表...的名片... become a business card of ...09 中国传统节日与洋节在...的推动下under the maneuver of ...全家团圆family reunion慰藉comfort浓浓的中国节味儿the flavor of Chinese festivals封建统治feudal rule自给自足self-sufficient10 微博传播工具means of communication即时记录make immediate record获取get access to长期沉迷于某事engross oneself in sth. over a long time采用正确的态度看待...take a right attitude towards ...强化翻译50题提炼（Unit 5）01 春节联欢晚会如约而至/如期（如期播出）as scheduled（be broadcast as scheduled）大多数中国人the majority of the Chinese people迎合所有观众的喜好cater to all audience's tastes02 中秋节中秋节Mid-Autumn Festival亲朋好友friends and relatives月饼moon cakes世世代代以来for generations象征着be a symbol of harmony and unity在售卖be on sale低价抛售sell in big quantities随心所欲...follow one's inclinations to do sth. /have one's own way to do sth./do sth. at will03 皮影戏广为流传的widespread借/借助with the help of乡土气息rural favor民间工艺the Chinese folk arts and cra s将...与...结合在一起combine sth. with sth.馈赠佳品a rare gi to share不可或缺的indispensable04 中国功夫...源远流长，有着上千年的历史... have a long history of more than one thousand years 蕴含contain先哲ancient Chinese philosophers参悟understanding强身健体build fitness锻炼意志increase one's willpower修身养性cultivate one's moral character五花八门/种类繁多a great variety of励志的思想inspirational thought日益成为gradually become热门题材hot theme（可数）05 《论语》收录了...be a collection that records对...产生了重大的影响have a substantial influence/impact on ...率直鲁莽frank and rash温雅贤良refined and virtuous聪颖善辩bright and eloquent潇洒脱俗unrestrained and free from vulgarity06 泰山列为...之首rank first of ...将...放在首位list...as one's top priority必到之处must-visit places仅次于...only rank next to ...根本原因the root cause五岳the five great mountains雄伟壮观的majestic观赏自然奇观appreciate natural wonders人文景观cultural landscape饱览have a good view of...更是闻名遐迩be still more famous for ...繁衍昌盛life's fertility无以复加in the extreme07 中华文化以...为豪/引以为豪take pride in ...软实力so power媒介media充分调动fully mobilize有底气feel emboldened/confident弘扬carry forward /develop /enhance发挥display /give free rein to /develop展现/诠释/解读/说明interpret /explain /illustrate悠久灿烂的中国文化long-standing and splendid culture先礼后兵try fair means before resorting to force 08 留守儿童留守儿童le -behind children因为他们的父母在外出务工Since their parents are migrant workers更严峻的是...An even more pressing issue is the fact that面临...的缺失be confronted/faced with the lack of据最新统计according to the latest statistics是...的必要条件be a prerequisite to ...让...健康成长give ... a healthy upbringing自暴自弃abandon oneself to despair09 清明节是...的好时机it is a good time for sth./ to do sth.节气solar terms（可数）扫墓sweep the tombs/ tomb-sweeping怀念cherish the memory of祭奠hold a memorial ceremony远足踏青have a spring outing举行祭祀、祭品to sacrifice、sacrifices隐居lead a hermit's life10 相声流传已久的long-running曲艺形式/艺术形式art forms（可数）捧腹大笑burst into laughter形体动作body movements鞭笞社会的黑暗面lash out at the dark side of the society家喻户晓的well-known开场白prologue。

中国教育相关表达素质教育 education for all-round development应试教育 exam-oriented education填鸭式教学 cramming method of learning义务教育 compulsory education高等教育 higher education普通高校 regular institution of higher learning就业服务和职业培训employment services and vocational skills training 综合性大学 comprehensive university重点大学 key university减轻学生负担 reduce burden for students应届高校毕业生new college graduates招生办公室 admission office入学考试 entrance examination高考 college entrance examination研究生入学考试 postgraduate entrance examination入学资格 admission qualification升学率 proportion of students entering schools of a higher grade奖学金 scholarship学费tuition专业课 course within one’s major必修课 required course选修课 optional course学分制 credit system毕业论文 graduation thesis毕业证书 graduation certificate学生会 students’ union学历 record of formal schooling中小学生 primary and secondary school student本科生undergraduate研究生postgraduate同学 classmate教授 professor副教授 associate professor讲师 lecturer助教 teaching assistant教育界 education circle教育投入 input in education学前教育 preschool education智力引进 introduce talents课外活动 extracurricular activity2中国科技篇中国科技相关表达科技是第一生产力 science and technology constitute a primary productive force 科技体制改革 reform of the science and technology management system技术密集产品 technology-intensive product科技含量 technology content尖端科技 state-of-the-art technology研究开发 research and development治理污染 curb the environmental pollution水循环利用工厂water recycling plant核电站 nuclear power plant非化石能源发电量 electricity generated from non-fossil energy新粒子 new particleH7N9病毒 H7N9 virus应用科学 applied science3D打印 3D printing人造器官 artificial organ顶层设计 the top layer design节能减排 energy conservation and emission reduction工业升级 industrial upgrading结构性障碍 structural obstacle资源利用率 resource utilization rate高速铁路 high-speed rail科学发展观 Scientific Outlook on Development科技发展 scientific and technological advancement生态农业 environmental-friendly agriculture创新 innovation高科技园区 high-tech park国家重点实验室 national key laboratory研究成果 research result新兴学科 new branch of science人工智能 artificial intelligence信息高速公路 information superhighway网民 netizen网上购物 online shopping网上交易平台 online trading platform“宽带中国”战略 China's broadband strategy产能 production capacity神舟十号the Shenzhou-10 spacecraft嫦娥三号 The Chang'e-3 lunar lander3中国经济篇国民生产总值 Gross National Product (GNP)国内生产总值 Gross Domestic Product (GDP)国有企业 state-owned enterprises (SOEs)社会主义市场经济 socialist market economy市场经济秩序 the order of the market economy扩大内需 expand domestic demand宏观调控 macro control按劳分配 distribution according to one’s performance城乡居民收入 income of urban and rural residents劳动力 labor综合国力 overall national strength公有制 public ownership私有制 private ownership私营企业 private business中小企业 small and medium enterprises (SMEs)跨国公司 multinational corporation网络经济 Internet-based economy经济规律 law of economy大规模生产 mass production生产力 productive forces年均增长率 average growth rate per annum可持续增长 sustainable growth经济效益 economic returns经济增长 economic growth经济波动 economic fluctuation衰退 recession提高经济效益 enhance economic performance扭亏为盈 turn a loss-making business into a profitable one优化经济结构 optimize economic structure经济结构战略性调整 strategic adjustment of the economic structure 优化消费结构 optimize the consumption structure产业结构升级 upgrading of an industrial structure产业格局 industrial pattern高新技术产业 high and new technology industries经济特区 special economic zones繁荣与稳定 prosperity and stability经济交流 economic exchange利用外资 utilization of foreign capital投资 investment知识产权 intellectual property rights版权 copyright商标 trademark专利 patent电子商务 e-business循环经济 recycling economy个人所得税 personal income tax税收政策 tax policy试点工程 pilot project经济带 economic belts经济全球化 economic globalization财政和货币政策 fiscal and monetary policies3社会篇社会篇相关表达改革开放 reform and opening up小康社会 a well-to-do society奔小康 strive for a relatively comfortable life人民生活 people’s livelihood生活水平 living standards生活质量 quality of life改善民生 improve people’s wellbeing住房条件 housing conditions生活条件 living conditions共同富裕 shared prosperity社会稳定 social stability衣食住行 food, clothing, sheltering and means of traveling 厉行节约 practice economy缩小收入差距 narrow the income gap人均收入 average income per capita文化程度 educational level城镇居民 urban citizen失业保障 unemployment security人口问题 the issue of population全面发展 all-round development发达国家 developed country发展中国家 developing country人口老龄化 population aging养老 provision for the aged养老保险 old-age insurance社会保险 social insurance计划生育 family planning独生子女政策 one-child policy城市人口 urban population农业人口 agriculture population普查 census社会事业 social programs人才市场 talent market人才交流 talent exchange人才外流 brain drain应届高校毕业生 new college graduate农民工 rural migrant worker公务员 civil servant市民 citizen名人 celebrity残疾人 the disabled就业率 employment rate失业率 unemployment rate出生率 birth rate死亡率 mortality rate寿命 life span贫困地区poverty-stricken region欠发达地区 underdeveloped area摆脱贫困 shake off poverty生活困难 be badly-off用电量 electricity consumption森林覆盖率 forest coverage产业结构 industrial structure创历史新高 an all-time high战略性新兴产业 strategic emerging industries基础设施 infrastructure南水北调 South-to-North Water Diversion Project自然灾害natural disasters本土化 localization体力劳动 manual labor可持续发展 sustainable development沙尘暴 sandstorm建筑灰尘 construction dust市政府 the municipal government违章建筑 unlicensed construction严厉地处罚 impose tough punishments on主要污染源 major sources of pollutants建筑灰尘 construction dust炫富 show off wealth热词 hot word/ buzzword品位 taste大众传媒 mass media5中国文化篇Part 1 中国文化四大发明 the four great inventions of ancient China 火药 gunpowder印刷术 printing造纸术 paper-making指南针 the compass文房四宝” Four Treasures of the Study笔 writing brush墨 ink stick纸 paper砚 ink slab书法 calligraphy中国画 traditional Chinese painting水墨画 Chinese brush painting雕刻 sculpture泥人 clay figure武术 martial arts京剧 Peking opera昆曲 Kunqu opera相声 cross talk中药 traditional Chinese medicine中国结 Chinese knot唐装 Tang suit四合院 courtyard house红茶 black tea绿茶 green tea功夫茶 Gongfu tea火锅 hot potPart 2 中国文学四大名著 four major classical novels《三国演义》 The Romance of Three Kingdoms 《红楼梦》 Dream of the Red Mansions《水浒传》 Outlaw of the Marshes《西游记》 Journey to the West四书 The Four Books《大学》 The Great Learning《中庸》 The Doctrine of the Mean《论语》 Analects of Confucius《孟子》 The Mencius五经 The Five Classics《诗经》The Book of Songs《书经》 The Book of History《易经》 The Book of Changes《礼记》 the Book of Rites《春秋》 The Spring and Autumn AnnalsPart 3 中国古代哲学家及相关表达哲学家 philosopher孔子 Confucius孟子 Mencius老子 Lao Tzu孙子 Sun Tzu庄子 Chuang Tzu儒学 Confucian School孔庙 Temple of Confucius《孙子兵法》 The Art of WarPart 4 中国历史及相关表达封建的 feudal朝代 dynasty春秋时期 the Spring and Autumn Period战国时期 the Warring States Period隋唐时期 the Sui and Tang dynasties明清时期 Ming and Qing dynasties秦始皇 the First Emperor of Qin君主 monarch皇帝 emperor皇太后 Empress Dowager丞相 prime minister大臣 minister忠臣 loyal minister中华文明 Chinese civilization丝绸之路 the Silk Road西域 western countries历史遗迹 historical site文化遗产 cultural heritage文物 cultural relics科举制 imperial examination for recruiting civil servants 5节日篇中国节日及相关表达春节 the Spring Festival / Chinese lunar Near Year农历正月初一 the first day of the first lunar month农历 lunar calendar年终大扫除 year-end household cleaning春联 Spring Festival couplets年画 New Year pictures剪纸 paper-cuts团圆饭 family reunion dinner饺子 jiaozi春晚 Spring Festival Gala守岁 stay up late on the New Year’s Eve除夕 Eve of Chinese New Year辞旧迎新 ring out the old year and ring in the new拜年 pay a New Year visit红包 red packets压岁钱 lucky money放爆竹 let off firecrackers庙会 temple fair禁忌 taboo元宵节 Lantern Festival农历正月十五 15th day of the first lunar month元宵 rice dumplings花灯 festival lantern灯谜 lantern riddle灯会 exhibit of lanterns烟花 fireworks端午节 Dragon Boat Festival农历五月初五 5th of the fifth lunar month粽子 zongzi糯米 sticky rice粽叶 bamboo leaves舞龙 dragon dance舞狮 lion dance踩高跷 stilt walking赛龙舟 dragon-boat racing纪念 in memory of屈原Quyuan诗人 poet忠臣 loyal minister清明节 Tomb-sweeping Day寒食节 Cold Food Festival祭拜祖先 offer sacrifices to one’s ancestors扫墓 sweep graves of one’s ancestors or loved ones 踏青go for a spring outing中秋节 Mid-Autumn Day / Moon Festival农历八月十五 15th of the eighth lunar month月饼moon cake赏月appreciate the glorious full moon中国神话故事 Chinese mythology嫦娥 Chang’e后羿 Hou Yi长生不老 be immortal重阳节 Double Ninth Day赏菊 admire the beauty of chrysanthemum登高 climb a height七夕节 Double Seventh Day/Chinese Valentine's Day银河 the Milky Way鹊桥 bridge of magpies牛郎 Cowherd织女 the Weaving Maid王母娘娘 the Queen of Heaven乞巧 praying-for-cleverness 女红 needlework。

四六级传统翻译实用表述及翻译示例（一）常见表述：四大发明：the four great inventions印刷术/*活字印刷术：printing/movable-type printing造纸术：paper-making指南针：compass火药：gunpowder丝绸之路：the Silk Road瓷器/*陶器：china/pottery硬币/纸币：coins/paper bills对外贸易/海外贸易/*海上贸易：foreign trade/overseas trade/maritime commerce 古代文明：ancient civilization文化交流：cultural exchange文化冲突：cultural shock/cultural conflict文化产业：cultural industry文化遗产：cultural heritage乡村文化：rural culture民族文化：national culture民间艺术：folk art表演艺术：performing art特征：feature/characteristic祖先：ancestor哲学家：philosopher中国文学：Chinese literature中外学者：Chinese and overseas scholars巨著：great works显著成就：remarkable achievements神话/传说：myth/legend阳历/阴历：solar calendar/lunar calendar金/木/水/火/土：metal/wood/water/fire/earth工艺/手工艺品：craft/ handicraft唐朝：Tang Dynasty始于...年/持续...时间/灭亡：begin in/last for/collapse 统治/统治者：govern (v.) rule (v)/ruler (n.) 在...统治下：during the reign of ...权力/权威：power/authority戏剧/京剧/剧院：drama/Peking Opera/theater诗人/政客：poet/politician少数民族：ethnic minority社会地位：social status起源于：originate in/from …（在一个地方起源用in，从一个地方起源用from）追溯到: be traced back to …/trace …back to…发源地：birthplace古代：ancient times现代：modern times独特元素：a unique element组成（选一背诵即可）：A constitute B/A comprise B/A make upB （A组成B）B consist of A/B is composed of A （B由A组成）【常见错误：切忌不要用comprise of】工业革命：industrial revolution代表：represent/stand for象征：symbolize (v.) /symbolic (adj.) /symbol (n.)繁荣：prosperous (adj.) / prosperity (n.) /flourish (v.)国宝：national treasure*腐败：corruption*扩大领土：extend the territory/domain*夺取政权：seize the power*才子佳人：gifted scholars and beautiful ladies*下棋饮茶：play chess and drink tea*耕耘收割：sow and reap*织布缝衣：weave and sew*湖上打渔：fish on the lake*砍柴采药：cut firewood and gather herbs*吟诗作画：compose poems and paint pictures（二）经典模板句练习：1. 中国武术（martial art）的起源可以追溯到自卫的需要、狩猎活动以及古代中国的军事训练(CET-4)。

1.西安在汉代被称为长安，取长治久安之意。

长安是著名的“丝绸之路”(theSilk Road) 的起点。

西安是陕西省省会，也是西北地区政治、经济和文化的中心。

它是西北各省通往西南、中原及华东的门户与交通枢纽。

现在，西安已经建立起了门类齐全的、庞大的工业体系，成为西北地区最大的现代化工业城市。

优越的地理位置使西安成为中西部最大的商贸中心。

（155词）Xi'an was once called “Chang'an” in the Han Dynasty. The connotation of this name is “permanent peace”. Xi'an marked the starting point of the world famous Silk Road. As the capital of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an is the political, economic and cultural center in the northwestern region of china. As a transportation junction, it provides a link of communication between Northwestern provinces and Central and East China. Up to date, as a complete and vast industrial system has been established in Xi'an, it has been changed into the largest modern industrial city in the northwest of China. With its geographical advantages, Xi'an has become the biggest commercial center in the Midwest of China.2.根据政府资助的调查显示，在过去十年中，数千所学校停止了公共外语教学。

2013年12月改革后四六级段落翻译考纲新增考点“社会民生”必备词句【背会典型18句，再出啥题都全对】1、句子翻译改为整个段落汉译英翻译。

2、考试范围由“校园文化、民生发展、科技兴国、生命科学、求职就业”改为“校园文化、社会民生、餐饮娱乐、民生发展、科技兴国、生命科学、求职就业、新兴学科发展、中国传统文化”，其中亮点就是把“民生发展”改为了“社会民生”，这就要求我们对国家的经济发展、社会热点话题、、教育与生活常识等有一定的了解。

为此，针对社会民生，需要掌握以下社会话题语句的通用表达，必背！背下这15句，社会民生考点将一分不丢。

1、为了切实保护儿童权益，中国的立法、司法、政府各有关部门以及社会团体都建立了相应的机制，以监督、实施和促进保护儿童事业的健康发展。

// 中国政府动员社会采取多种方式关心和帮助残疾儿童的成长，大力弘扬残疾儿童自强不息的精神，倡导团结、友爱、互助的道德风尚。

// 中国民族素有“携幼”，“爱幼”的传统美德，中国古语“有无有以及人之幼”了流传至今。

// 我们要在全社会倡导树立“爱护儿童、教育儿童、为儿童做表率、为儿童办实事”的公民意识，并努力为儿童事业的发展创造良好的社会条件。

//To effectively protect children’s rightsand interests, china’s legislation, judicial and government depart mentsconcerned as well as non-governmental organizations have set up correspondingmechanisms to s upervise, facilitate and promote the healthy development of thework on protecting children.// The Chin ese government has done a great deal tomobilize various circles in society to care for, in various manne rs , thedevelopment of disabled children, to greatly encourage the spirit of unceasingself-improvement among physically disadvantaged children and to advocate thevalued social virtues of unity, friendship a nd mutual aid.// The Chinese nationhas long cultivated the traditional virtues of “bring up the young” a nd caringfor the young”. An old Chinese saying that “love our children and love others’children in the s ame manner” is still very popular.// We should urge thesociety at large to raise the awareness of importa nce of “protecting andeducating children, and setting a good example and doing practical thing forchild ren”. We will spare no efforts to create favorable social conditions forthe progress of child development programs.//2、中国将进一步发展经济、扩大开放，这对海外企业（enterprises）意味着更多的商机。

四六级翻译样题：剪纸(papercutting)是中国最为流行的传统民间艺术形式之一。

中国剪纸有一千五百多年的历史,在明朝和清朝时期(theMing and Qing Dynasties)特别流行。

人们常用剪纸美化居家环境。

特别是在春节和婚庆期间,剪纸被用来装饰门窗和房间,以增加喜庆的气氛。

剪纸最常用的颜色是红色,象征健康和兴旺。

中国剪纸在世界各地很受欢迎,经常被用作馈赠外国友人的礼物。

参考译文:Paper cutting is one of most popular traditional folk arts in China. Chinese paper cuttinghas a history of more than 1,500 years. It was widespread particularly duringthe Ming and Qing Dynasties. People often beautifytheir homes with paper cuttings. During theSpring Festival and wedding celebrations, in particular, paper cuttings areused to decorate doors, windows and rooms in order to enhance the joyous atmosphere. The color most frequently used inpaper cutting is red, which symbolizes health andprosperity.Chinese paper cutting is very popular around the world andit is often given as a present to foreign friends.以下是我们总结的几大翻译话题，供大家参考练习一、京剧Peking Opera京剧，号称东方歌剧，是地道的中国国粹，可以追溯到1790年。

①Defend/ safeguard national sovereignty and territorial integrity 维护国家主权和领土完整②Take reciprocal countermeasures 采取对等反制③Power politics 强权政治④Market entities 市场主体⑤Stand the test of time 经受时间的考验⑥Right a wrong 纠正一个错误⑦Distinguish between right and/from wrong 明辨是非⑧Sensationalize vt. 渲染，引起轰动⑨Nothing could be further from the truth. 事实远非如此，错得离谱。

⑩The important role of head-of-state diplomacy in providing strategic guidance 外交元首的重要战略引领作用⑪Terrorism, separatism and extremism 恐怖主义，分裂主义和极端主义⑫The security of political authority 政权安全⑬The Senate Floor 参议院全员; the floor of the House 议员的议员席⑭Act on the commitment 把承诺落到实处⑮Lodge/make serious demarches/representations with 向……提出严正交涉⑯Stay tuned 保持关注⑰CNS（China News Service）中国新闻社⑱Single out someone 点名某人⑲Xinjiang-related issue 涉疆问题⑳Follow a people-centered development philosophy 以人民为中心的发展思想21Share the dividends of socioeconomic progress 享受经济社会发展成果22Material assistance and capacity-building training 物资援助，能力建设培训23The academic sphere 学术领域24Show accountability to 给……一个交代25Unfreeze assets 解冻资产26Destruct （武器）销毁27Be briefed on 某人听取了某情况28 A major issue left over from history 重大历史遗留问题29Miss the deadline for 逾期30Redress its historical crimes 赎历史罪责31Comprehensive strategy partnership 全面战略伙伴关系32Deep-going 深入的33Result-oriented 务实的34（advance）the high-quality BGI cooperation/the high-quality cooperation under the Belt and Road Initiative 高质量共建“一带一路”35UN-centered multilateralism 以联合国为核心的多边主义36Comprehensive strategic partner of coordination 全面战略协作伙伴37Prevailing consensus 普遍共识38“Taiwan independence”elements/ (separatist) forces “台独”分子/（分裂）势力39The agreed ceasefire 停火共识40Cyber security 网络安全41Cyber attacks 网络攻击42Mutual respect and mutual trust 互尊互信43Emerge from 克服44The UN Security Council 联合国安理会45International peace and security 国际和平与安全46Win-win cooperation 合作共赢47Take history as a mirror and face up to the future 以史为鉴，面向未来48Regional peace and stability 地区和平与稳定49Senior level 高层50Bilateral ties 两国关系51Promising prospect 前景广阔52Target and threaten no one 不针对不威胁53National draft budget 国家预算草案54National defense development 国防建设55Strengthen solidarity and cooperation 加强团结合作56Please check back for updates. / Please follow our updates. / Please stay tuned. 请你保持关注57Diplomatic relations 外交关系58The zero-sum game 零和博弈59C hina’s soft power 中国软实力60Humanitarian aid 人道主义援助61Multilateral diplomacy 多边外交62The Cold War mentality 冷战思维63The new form of international relations 新型国际关系64 A holistic view of national security 总体国家安全观65Uphold justice and pursue shared interests 坚持正确义利观66 A neighborhood community with a shared future 周边命运共同体67Exchanges and mutual learning between civilizations 交流互鉴的文明观68China-Russia comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination in the new era 中俄新时代全面战略协作伙伴关系69Respect the rights of all peoples to choose their own development path 尊重各国人民自主选择发展道路的权利70Forge ahead 奋勇向前71Fighting spirit 斗争精神72Be ready for the fray 敢于斗争73Win this great new struggle in the new era 夺取新时代伟大斗争的新胜利74Forge the national character to defy oppression and fight hegemony 砥砺不畏强暴、反抗强权的民族风骨75Pool the indomitable national strength that unite us all 汇聚万众一心、勠力同心的民族力量76Great historic struggle with many new features 具有许多新的历史特点的伟大斗争77Great spirit of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea 伟大抗美援朝精神78Backwardness left us vulnerable to attack; only development can make us strong 落后就要挨打，发展才能自强79Adopt proactive and preemptive strategies to deal with risks and challenges 掌握应对风险挑战的战略主动80Downward stage 下行区间81Unilateralism 单边主义82Break monopoly 打破垄断83Increase total factor productivity 提高全要素生产率84Unleash economy’s grow th potential 释放经济增长潜力85Establish a unified domestic market 建设国内统一大市场86Promote the reform of the education system 推进教育体制改革87Take the economic transition as the mainstay 以经济建设为主线88Bolster international cooperation in scientific and technological innovation 加强科技创新领域的国际合作89Promote the integration of the digital economy with real economy 推动数字经济与实体经济融合90Deepen the market-oriented reform of production factors 深化以市场为导向的生产要素改革91Give full play to the innovative vitality of private business 充分发挥民营企业的创新活力92Build a modern socialist country in all respects 全面建设社会主义现代化国家93Improve scientific and technological innovation mechanism 优化科技创新体制94Build a high-standard socialist market economy 构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制We resolve to build on past success to move ahead. We agree to, in the spirit of mutual trust, inclusiveness cooperation and mutual benefit, shape the future through Asia-Pacific partnership.我们决心承前启后，继往开来，发扬互信，包容，共赢的精神，共建面向未来的亚太伙伴关系。

（每张图50-56行左右）规划篇在我看来，翻译就是需要实践，所谓的熟能生巧（Practice makes perfect）。

所以对于考生的建议是：把历年（2013.6-2016.12）真题都过一遍（除2013.6外其他考试都有三套试卷，所以总共有22套题目），至少练习5套。

建议考生可以在读完这篇文章的所有练习后，按照以下顺序进行篇章训练。

注：所选的文章均不包含2016年，大家可以作为考前的模考使用。

四级：(1) 2014年6月第一套（开头：为了促进教育公平）(2) 2014年12月第二套（开头：大熊猫是一种温顺的动物）(3) 2015年12第一套（开头：云南省的丽江古镇）(4) 2015年6月第三套（开头：在西方人心目中）(5) 2015年6月第二套（开头：据报道，今年中国快递服务）挑战级别：2014年6月第二套（开头：中国应该进一步发展核能）六级：(1) 2013年12月第一套（开头：“丝绸之路：闻名于世”）(2) 2015年12第二套（开头：最近，中国政府决定）(3) 2014年12月第三套（开头：反应在艺术和文学中的）(4) 2014年12月第一套（开头：自从1978年启动改革以来）(5) 2015年12第一套（开头：在帮助国际社会于2030年）挑战级别：2013年12月第三套（开头：中国园林是经过三千多年）练习方法：第一步：自己翻译，掐时间，30分钟完成；第二步：反复琢磨，修改刚才的版本，大概花费15分钟；第三步：研究参考答案（不同书籍及网站会给出不同的版本），分析这些答案的优劣，然后选择一种自己最容易接受的，抄在自己的答案下面，并对照自己的答案，分析自己的问题。

真题推荐“星火”系列：全真试题与命题预测。

黑色那套。

还有一点必须说明，正如同巧妇难为无米之炊，如果词汇量较小的同学肯定需要有一定的词汇量，而且最好是主动词汇，即不仅会读会听，而且会写会用。

方法篇翻译的方法第一步：调整结构。

抓住中文句子的主干部分（一般为主谓宾成分注：主系表也包括在内），分析修饰成分（一般为定状补）。

四级和六级翻译（样题）translation——翻译，占去15%的翻译一定是今年的一个亮点题型，而且很多同学在网上也表达过对于这种题目非常非常担忧的一种感觉，因为这种题目在之前真的是没有以以下的这种形式出现过，看清楚，原来的单句汉译英调整为段落的汉译英，翻译内容涉及中国的历史、文化、经济、社会发展等等。

/beikao/fanyi//beikao/fanyi/因此我提醒自己，宣称男性天生更能学好数学的那些研究是基于一个错误的前提，那就是认为人们可以脱离一个人从孩提时代就受到的社会的文化熏陶而径直判断她的能力。

So I reminded myself that those studies, the ones that say that math comes more naturally to men, are based on a faulty premise: that you can judge a person’s abilities separate from the cultural cues that she has received since she was an infant.140-160剪纸（paper cutting）是中国最为流行的传统民间艺术形式之一。

中国剪纸有一千五百多年的历史，在明朝和清朝时期（the Ming and Qing Dynasties）特别流行。

人们常用剪纸美化居家环境。

特别是在春节和婚庆期间，剪纸被用来装饰门窗和房间，以增加喜庆的气氛。

剪纸最常用的颜色是红色，象征健康和兴旺。

中国剪纸在世界各地很受欢迎，经常被用作馈赠外国友人的礼物。

Paper cutting is one of China’s most popular traditional folk arts. Chinese paper cutting has a history of more than 1,500 years. It was widespread particularly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. People often beautify their homes with paper cuttings. During the Spring Festival and wedding celebrations, in particular, paper cuttings are used to decorate doors, windows and rooms in order to enhance the joyous atmosphere. The color most frequently used in paper cutting is red, which symbolizes health and prosperity. Chinese paper cutting is very popular around the world and it is often given as a present to foreign friends.180-200中国新年是中国最重要的传统节日，在中国也被称为春节。