BBC_Pope to deliver Thought For The Day on Christmas Eve

英美文学选读试题Ⅰ.Multiple Choice (40 points in all, 1 for each)Select from the four choices [A],[B],[C],[D] of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement and write the letter on the answer sheet.1.Romance,which uses narrative verse or prose to tell stories of ___ adventures or other heroic deeds, is a popular literary form in the medieval period.A.Christian2.Among the great Middle English poets, Geoffrey Chaucer is known for his production of ___.A.Piers PlowmanB.Sir Gawain and the Green KnightC.Confessio AmantisD.The Canterbury Tales3.Which of the following historical events does not directly help to stimulate the rising of the Renaisssance Movement?A.The rediscovery of ancient Greek and Roman culture.B.The new discoveries in geography and astrology.C.The Glorious revolution.D.The religious reformation and the economic expansion.4.Which of the following statements best illustrates the theme of Shakespeare's Sonnet 18?A.The speaker eulogizes the power of Nature.B.The speaker satirizes human vanity.C.The speaker praises the power of artistic creation.D.The speaker meditates on man's salvation.5.“And we will sit upon the rocks,/Seeing the shepherds feed their flocks,/By shallow rivers to whose falls/Melodious bird s sing madrigals.〞The above lines are probably taken from __.A.Spenser's The Faerie QueeneB.John Donne's “The Sun Rising〞C.Shakespeare's “Sonnet 18”D.Marlowe's “The Passionate Shepherd to His Love〞6.“Bassanio:Antonio,I am married to a wifeWhich is as dear to me as life itself;But life itself, My wife, and all the world.Are not with me esteem'd above thy life;I would lose all, ay, sacrifice them all,Here to the devil, to deliver you.Portia:Your wife would give you little thanks for that,If she were by to hear you make the offer.〞The above is a quotation taken from Shakespeare's comedy The Merchant of Venice.The quoted part can be regarded as a good example to illustrate ____.A.dramatic irony7.The ture subjec t of John Donne's poem,“The Sun Rising,〞is to ___.A.attack the sun as an unruly servantB.give compliments to the mistress and her power of beautyC.criticize the sun's intrusion into the lover's private lifeD. lecture the sun on where true royalty and riches lie8.Of all the 18thcentury novelists Henry Fielding was the first to set out, both in theory and practice, to write specificall y a “___ in prose,〞the first to give the modern novel its structure and style.A.tragic epic B ic epicC.romanceD.lyric epic9.The Houyhnhnms depicted by Jonathan Swift in Gulliver's Travels are ___.A.horses that are endowed with reasonB.pigmies that are endowed with admirable qualitiesC.giants that are superior in wisdomD.hairy,wild, low and despicable creatures, who resemble human beings not only in appearance but also in some other ways.10.Here are four lines from a literary work:“Others for language all their care express,/And value books,as women men, for dress.〞The work is ___.A.Thomas Gray's “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard〞B.John Milton's Paradise LostC.Alexander Pope's Essay on CriticismD.Shakespeare's Midsummer Night's Dream11.The phrase “to urge people to abide by Christian doctrines a nd to seek salvation through constant struggles with their own weaknesses and all kinds of social evils〞may well sum up the implied meaning of ___.A.Gulliver's TravelsB.The Rape of the LockC.Robinson CrusoeD.The pilgrim's Progress12.William Wordsworth, a romantic poet, advocated all the following EXCEPT ___.A.the use of everyday language spoken by the common peopleB.the expression of the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelingsC.the use of humble and rustic life as subject matterD.the use of elegant wording and inflated figures of speech13.Which of the following is taken from John Keats’ “Ode on a Grecian Urn〞?A.“I fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed!〞B.“They are both gone up to the church to pary.〞C.“Earth has not anything to show more fair.〞D.“Beauty is truth, truth beauty〞.14.“If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind!〞is an epigrammatic line by __.A.J.KeatsB.W.BlakeC.W.Wordsworth15.“Ode o na Grecian Urn〞shows the contrast between the ___ of art and the ___ of human passion.A.glory …uglinessB.permanence…transienceC.transience…sordidnessD.glory…permanence16.In the statement“—oh,God! would you like to live with your soul in the grave?〞the term“soul〞apparently refers to ___.A.Heathcliff himselfC.one's spiritual lifeD.one's ghost17.The typical feature of Robet Browning's poetry is the ___.A.bitter satirerger-than-life caricaturetinized dictionD.dramatic monologue18.The Victorian Age was largely an age of ____,eminently represented by Dickens and Thackeray.A.poetryB.drama D.epic prose19.___is the first important governess(家庭女教师) novel in the English literary history.A.Jane EyreHeights20.The major concern of ______ fiction lies in the tracing of the psychological development of his characters and in his energetic criticism of the dehumanizing effect of the capitalist industrialization on human nature.wrence'sB.J.Galsworthy'sC.W.Thackeray’sD.T.Hardy’s21.___is considered to be the best-known English dramatist since Shakespeare, and his representative works are plays inspired by social criticism.A.Richard SheridanB.Oliver GoldsmithC.Oscar WildeD.Bernard Shaw22.Which of the following is NOT a typical feature of Modernism?A.To elevate the individual and inner being over the social being.B.To put the stress on traditional values.C.To portray the distorted and alienated relationships between man and his environment.D.To advocate a conscious break with the past.23.The Romantic writers would focus on all the following issues EXCEPT the ___ in the American literary histrory.A.individual feelingsB.idea of survival of the fittestC.strong imaginationD.return to nature24.Henry David Thoreau's work,__,has always been regarded as a masterpiece of New England Transcendentalism.B.The pioneersC.NatureD.Song of Myself25.The famous 20-years sleep in “Rip Van Winkle〞helps to construct the story in such a way that we are greatly affected by Irving's ___.A.concern with the passage of timeB.expression of transient beautyC.satire on laziness and corruptibility of human beingsD.idea about supernatural manipulation of man's life26.Walt whitman was a pioneering figure of American poetry. His innovation first of all lies in his use of __,poetry without a fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme.A.blank verseB.heroic coupletC.free verseD.iambic pentameter27.The literary characters of the American type in early 19th century are generally characterized by all the following features EXCEPT that they ___.A.speak local dialectsB.are polite and elegant gentlemenC.are simple and crude farmersD.are noble savages( red and white) untainted by society28.Hester Pryme, Dimmsdale,Chillingworth and Pearl are most likely the names of the characters in ___.A.The Scarlet LetterB.The House of the Seven GablestC.The Portrait of a LadyD.The pioneers29.“This is my letter to the World〞is a poetic expression of Emily Dickinson's __ about her communication with the outside world.A.indifferenceB.anger30.With Howells,James,and Mark Twain active on the literary scene, __ became the major trend in American literature in the seventies and eighties of the 19thcentury.31.After The adventures of Tom Sawyer, Twain gives a literary independence to Tom's buddy Huck in a book entitled ___.A.Life on the MississippiB.The Gilded AgeC.The Adventures of Huckleberry FinnD.A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court32.However,___,the keynote of Daisy Miller's character,turns out to be an admiring but a dangerous quality and her defiance of social taboos in the Old World finally brings her to a disaster in the clash between two different cultures.C.worldliness33.Generally speaking,all those writers with a naturalistic approach to human reality tend to be ___.A.transcendentalists34.Emily Dickinson wrote many short poems on various aspects of life.Which of the following is NOT a usual subject of her poetic expression?A.Religion and immortality.B.Life and death.C.Love and marriage.D.War and peace.35.In “After Apple-Picking,〞Robert Frost wrote:“For I have had too much/Of applepi cking:I am overtired/Of the great harvestI myself desired.〞From these lines we can conclude that the speaker is ___.A.happy about the harvestB.still very much interested in apple-pickingC.expecting a greater harvestD.indifferent to what he once desired36.Chinese poetry and philosophy have exerted great influence over ____.A.Ezra PoundB.Ralph Waldo EmersonC.Robert FrostD.Emily Dickinson37.The Hemingway Code heroes are best remembered for their __.A.indestructible spirtieB.pessimistic view of life38.IN The Emperor Jones and The Hairy Ape,O'Neill adopted the expressionist techniques to portray the ___ of human beings in a hostile universe.A.helpless situationC.profound religious faithD.courage and perseverance39.In Hemingway's “Indian Cmap〞,Nick's night trip to the Indian village and his experience inside the hut can be taken as ____.A.an essential lesson about Indian tribesB.a confrontation with evil and sinC.an initiation to the harshness of lifeD.a learning process in human relationship40.which of the following statements about Emily Grierson, the protagonist in Faulkner's story “A Rose for Emily,〞is NOT true?A.She has a distorted personality.B.She is physically deformed and paralyzed.C.She is the symbol of the old values of the South.D.She is the victim of the past glory.PART TWOⅡ.Reading Comprehension (16 points, 4 for each)Read the quoted parts carefully and answer the questions in English.Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.41.“Her eyes met his and he looked away.He neither believed nor disbelieved her,but he knew that he had made a mistake in asking;he never had known,never would know,what she was thinking.The sight of her inscrutable face,the thought of all the hundreds of evenings he had seen her sitting there like that,soft and passive,but so unreadable, unknown, enraged him beyond measure.〞Questions:A.Identify the writer and the work.B.What does the phrase “inscrutable face〞mean?C.What idea does the quoted passage express?42.“And when I am formulated,sprawling on a pin,When I am pinned and wriggling on the wall.Then how should beginTo spit out all the butt-ends of my days and ways.〞Questions:A.Identify the poem and the poet.B.What does the phrase “butt-ends〞mean?C.What idea does the quoted passage express?43.“God knows,…I'm not myself—I'm somebody else—…and I'm changed,and I can't tell what's my name,or who I am.〞Questions:A.Identify the work and the author.B.The speaker says he is changed.Do you think he is changed, or the social environment has changed?C.What idea does the quoted sentence express?44.“I shall be telling this with a sighSomewhere ages and ages hence:Two roads diverged in a wood, and I—I took the one less traveled by,And that has made all the difference.〞Questions:A.Idenfity the poem and the poet.B.What does the phrase “ages and ages hence〞mean?C.What idea does the quoted passage express?Ⅲ.Questions and Answers(24 points in all, 6 for each)Give brief answers to each of the following questions in English.Write your answers in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.45.As a rule,an allegory is story in verse or prose with a double meaning: a surface meaning,and an implied meaning.List two works as examples of allegory.What is an allegory usually concerned with by its implied meaning?46.Inspiration for the romantic approach initially came from two great shapers of thought.Who are the two?And what ideas they expressed inspire the romantic writers?47.The white whale,Moby Dick,is the most important symbol in Melville's novel.What symbolic meaning can you draw from it?48.Nature is a philosophic work, in which Emerson gives an explicit discussion on his idea of the Qversoul.What is your understanding of Emersonian “Oversoul〞?Ⅳ.Topic Discussion(20 points in all, 10 for each)Write no less than 150 words on each of the following topics in English in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.49.How is Romanticism different from Neoclassicism?Provide brief evidence from the literary works you know best.50.Summerize the story of Mark twain's The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn in about 100 words,and comment on the theme of the novel.Ⅱ.Reading Comprehension (16 points, 4 for each)41.A.John Galasworthy:The Man of Property.B.A face does not show any emotion or reaction so that it is impossible to know how that person is feeling or what he is thinking about.C.it presents the inner mind of Soames in face of his wife's coldness.He can never know what is on his wife's mind because the makeup of his and her mentality is different. His wife Irene, whose mind is romantically inclined, is disgusted with her husband's possessiveness. Being unable to read his wife's mind is as good as saying that he really can't regard her as his property- this is the very reason why he is enraged beyond measure.42.A.T.S.Eliot:“The Love Song of J.Alfred Pruforck.〞B.The ends of cigarettes,meaning trivial things here.C.Here,Prufrock's inability to do anything against the society he is in is made strikingly clear by using a sharp comparison .Prufrock imagines himself as a kind of insect pinned on the wall and struggling in vain to get free.This image vividly shows Prufrock's current predicament.43.A.Washington Irving:“Rip Van Winkle〞.B.The social environment is changed.C.When Rip is back home after a period of 20 years,he finds thta everything has changed.All those old values are gone,and he can hardly feel at home in a changed society.One of the functions that Rip serves in the story is to provide a measuring stick for change. It is through him that Irving drives home the theme that a desire for change,improvement,and progress could subvert stable society.44.A.Robert Frost:“The Road Not Taken〞.B.Many many years later.C.The speaker is telling his experience of making the choice of the roads.But he is conscious of the fact that his choice will have made all the difference in his life.He seems to be giving a suggestion to the reader.“Make good choice of your life.〞Ⅲ.Questions and Answers (24 points in all,6 for each)45.A.Buyan's pilgrim's Progress and Spenser's The Faerie Queene.B.It is usually concerned with moral ,religious,political,symbolic or mythical ideas.46.A.The French philosopher,Jean Jacques Rousseau and the German writer Johna Wolfgan von Goethe.B.It is Rousseau who established the cult of the individual and championed the freedom of the human spirit;his famous announcement was “I felt before I thought.〞Goethe and his compatriots extolled the romantic spirit.47.A.To Ahab,the whale is either an evil creature itself or the agent of an evil force that controls the universe,or perhaps both.B.To Ishmale,the whale is an astonishing force,an immense power,which defies rational explanation due to a sense of mystery it carries. It is beautiful,but malignant at the same time. It also represents the tremendous organic vitality of the universe,for it has a life force that surges onward irresistibly, impervious to the desires or wills of men.C.As to the reader, the whale can be viewed as a symbol of the physical limits that life imposes upon man. It may also be regarded as a symbol of nature, or an instrument of God's vengeance upon evil man. In general,the multiplicity and ambivalence of the symbolic meaning of the whale is such that it becomes a source of intense speculation, an object or profound curiosity for the reader.48.A.The Oversoul is believed to be an all-pervading power for goodness,omnipresent and omnipotent from which all things come and of which all are a part. It exists in nature and man alike and constitutes the chief element of the universe.B.According to Emerson,it is a supreme reality of mind, a spiritual unity of all beings, and a religion regarded as an emotional communication between an individual soul and the universal Over-soul of which it is a part.C.He holds that intuition is a more certain way of knowing than reason and that the mind could intuitively perceive the existence of the Oversoul and of certain absolutes.Ⅳ.Topic Discussion (20 points in all, 10 for each)49.a.Neoclassicists upheld that artistic ideals should be order,logic,restrained emoticon and accuracy,and that literature,should be judged in terms of its service to humanity,and thus,literary expressions should be of proportion,unity,harmony and grace.Pope's An Essay on Criticism advocates grace,wit (usually though satire/humour),and simplicity in language(and the poem itself is a demonstration of those ideals,too);Fielding's Tom Jones helped establish the form of novel;Gray's “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard' displays elega nce in style,unified structure,serious tone and moral instructions.b.Romanticists tended to see the individual as the very center of all experience,including art,and thus,literary work should be “spontaneous overflow of strong feelings,〞and no matter how fragmentary those experiences were (Wordsworth's “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud,〞or “The Solitary Reaper,) or Coleridge's “Keble Khan〞),the value of the work lied in the accuracy of presenting those unique feelings and particular attitudes.c.In a word, Neoclassicism emphasized rationality and form but Romanticism attached great importance to the individual's mind (emotion, imagination, temporary experience…)50.A.Mark Twain's novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a Sequa to The Adventures of Tom Sawyer.The Story takes place along the Mississippi River before the Civil War in the United States, around 1850.Along the river, floats a small raft, with two people on it; One is an ignorant,uneducated black slave named Jim and the other is little uneducated outcast white boy about the age of thirteen, called Huckleberry Finn or Huck Finn.The novel relates the story of the escape of Jim from slavery and ,more important, how Huck Finn, floating along with Jim and helping him as best he could, changes his mind ,his prejudice, about Black people, and comes to accept Jim as a man and as a close friends as well.During their journey, they experience a series of adventures:coming across two frauds, the “Duke〞and the “King〞,witnessing the lynching and murder of a harmless drunkard, being lost in a fog and finally Tom's coming to rescue. B. The theme of the novel may be best summed in a word “freedom〞: Huck wants to escape from the bond of civilization and Jim wants to escape from the yoke of slavery. Mark Twain uses the raft's journey down the Mississippi River to express his thematic contrasts between innocence and experience, nature and culture, wilderness and civilizati。

bbc6分钟英语 posh people原文Posh people are often seen as the epitome of sophistication and elegance. They are associated with wealth, privilege, and a refined sense of taste. But what exactly does it mean to be posh? In this article, we will explore the concept of posh people and delve into the various aspects that define them.First and foremost, posh people are typically from an upper-class background. They come from families with long-standing wealth and social status. Their upbringing is characterized by privilege and an emphasis on etiquette and manners. Posh families often send their children to prestigious private schools and ensure they receive a well-rounded education.Posh people are known for their refined tastes and preferences. They appreciate the finer things in life and have a discerning eye for quality. From clothing and accessories to art and literature, posh people have a refined sense of style. They are often seen wearing designer labels and attending high-profile events such as galas and charity balls.Furthermore, posh people are well-spoken and articulate. They have a command over the English language and are able to engage in intellectual conversations with ease. Posh accents, such as Received Pronunciation (RP) in the UK, are often associated with higher social status and are seen as a mark of poshness.Posh people are also known for their social circles. They often belong to exclusive clubs and societies where they can network and socialize with other posh individuals. These circles provide a platform for posh people to form connections and maintain their social status.Education plays a crucial role in shaping the behavior and attitudes of posh people. They are taught from a young age to adhere to social norms and etiquette. Posh people are well-versed in the art of small talk and know how to navigate social situations with grace and poise. They are often seen as polite, courteous, and well-mannered.However, being posh is not just about wealth and social status. It is also about a certain mindset and attitude. Posh people often have a sense of entitlement and expectthe best in life. They believe that they deserve the finer things and are not hesitant to show it.Now, let's switch to Chinese to discuss the concept of posh people."有教养"是社会中有钱有地位人士的代名词。

BBC步入商界Unit 16 Complaining the Products and Services抱怨商品和服务Unit 16 Complaining the Products and Services 抱怨商品和服务MR. SAKAI: I' m sorry to have to say this, Clive, but we have got a problem. 酒井先生：克莱夫，这样讲很抱歉，不过我们有麻烦了。

CLIVE HARRIS: Hasn' t the consignment arrived yet?克莱夫．哈里斯：货物还没到吗？We sent them off on...我们发货的时间是在……MR. SAKAI: No, Clive, you misunderstand me, the consignment arrived two days ago.酒井先生：不是，克莱夫，你误解了，货物两天前就到了。

Right on schedule.按时到的。

No, the problem is with the product itself.但，问题是产品本身。

CLIVE HARRIS: What is it?克莱夫．哈里斯：怎么回事？MR. SAKAI: Last night I had a phone call from one of my warehouse managers.酒井先生：昨天晚上，我接到一名仓库经理的电话。

He was very excited with the new product.他对新产品很惊喜。

He was certain that his son would love one.他确信他的儿子会很喜欢。

So he took one home, opened it up and switched it on, and heard this... 因此，他带了一个回家，打开、启动，但听到了……CLIVE HARRIS: Do you have any idea how many units are defective?克莱夫．哈里斯：你知道有多少件有缺陷吗？MR. SAKAI: We spent the day checking the whole consignment.酒井先生：我们花了一整天检查全部货物Unfortunately it looks like batch numbers 993 and 994 all have the same problem.不幸的是，看起来993和994两批都有这一问题。

标题：BBC新闻在线收听附字幕(2013-05-28)听力内容：BBC News with Fiona MacDonald.After a day of talks in Brussels, European Union foreign ministers have so far been unable to agree on whether to relax the EU's arms embargo on Syria. The talks have resumed following a short break in an effort to reach a compromise. Britain and France want the ability to supply weapons to what they call the “moderate opposition” to President Bashar al-Assad. But many other EU members want the arms embargo and other sanctions renewed. Speaking earlier, the French Foreign Minister Laurent Fabius outlined his country's position.“What we the French want is first to find a consensus solution. It's very important for us that the European Union adopt a sole position on this matter. Then we obviously want the fighters, the resistance, to get access to arms in order to resist all attacks by Bashar al-Assad's regime. This is the second point. And thirdly, if weapons were to be delivered, they must be controlled.”It's emerged that one of the strongest advocates of US military aid for the Syrian opposition, Senator John McCain, has made a surprise visit to Syria to talk to rebel leaders. He's the highest ranking elected US official to go there since the civil war began in 2011. The visit came as the US Secretary of State John Kerry met his Russian counterpart Sergei Lavrov in Paris. Ben Wright reports from Washington.It's not known how John McCain entered Syria on Monday or which rebel leaders he met when he was there. But it's a typically daring visit by the 76-year-old Republican senator. He has called for the imposition of a no-fly zone over Syria and the arming of rebel forces. Earlier this month, the White House and the Pentagon said they were looking at all the options, but there remains caution in Washington about extending US involvement in Syria. The Obama administration currently provides non-lethal aid to the rebels, but has so far refused to provide weaponry.Car bombs in and around the Iraqi capital Baghdad have killed at least 65 people. These attacks targeted busy shopping areas and markets. Rami Ruhayel reports from Baghdad.A series of car bomb attacks struck predominantly Shia areas in the Iraqi capital. Most of the casualties appear to be civilians. The bombs struck just a few hours after the Ministry of Interior released a statement, saying that the violence in Iraq cannot be seen as sectarian in nature because the bombs do not distinguish between Sunnis and Shia. The people behind the violence appear to be targeting different communities by turn in order to maximize the perception that one attack is in response to the other.Nigeria's governing party, the PDP, has suspended a powerful state governor who does not support President Goodluck Jonathan standing for reelection in 2015. Party officials said Rotimi Amaechi of the oil-rich Rivers state had violated party rules.World News from the BBCAfrican Union leaders meeting in the Ethiopian capital Addis Ababa have accused the International Criminal Court of being racially biased against Africa. The Ethiopian Prime Minister Hailemariam Desalegn, who hosted the gathering, said almost all the suspects who had been pursued by the ICC were Africans. More from Genc Lamani.The Ethiopian prime minister said the ICC had moved away from its original objective of fighting impunity, ill governance and crime. Instead, he said, the process on Africa had degenerated into what he called “race hunting”. He said the AU heads of state were opposed to the ICC trying Kenya's President Uhuru Kenyatta and his deputy William Ruto on charges of crimes against humanity.Firefighters have rescued a new-born baby who was lodged in a waste pipe of a public toilet in China. They were called when people heard the infant crying. Dramatic television pictures show rescuers cutting out a section of the pipe in a residential building in the city of Jinhua. The pipe was then taken to a hospital where it was carefully pulled apart, revealing a baby boy inside. The infant who's now recovering is thought to be just a few days old. His parents have not been found.The authorities in Chile have ordered the evacuation of more than 2,000 people living near a volcano in the south of the country. They issued a red alert, the highest possible, saying the Copahue volcano could erupt again. Last December it began spewing ash and gas with smoke rising more than 1km into the sky. The authorities in neighbouring Argentina are also on alert.The Catholic Church in Venezuela said it's running out of wine to celebrate Mass because of renewed shortages of basic products. Monsignor Roberto Lucker told the BBC that a lack of basic ingredients had forced the only winemaker in Venezuela to stop selling it to the church. He said he didn't know whether they could afford more expensive wines from abroad.BBC News。

BBC历史人间失格2015-09-30 19:46:341.《BBC：猥琐大不列颠》BBC: Rude Britannia【全三集】2.《历史频道：诸神之战》(History Channel：Clash Of The Gods)【全十集】3.《BBC 古代世界》【精校版】（BBC: Ancient World）【全六集】4.《BBC 托尔斯泰的烦恼》BBC: The Trouble with Tolstoy【全两集】5.《英国广播公司：腓特烈大帝和普鲁士之谜》BBC:Frederick the Great and the Enigma of Prussia 【全一集】6.《BBC 狄更斯其人》BBC: Armandos Tale of Charles Dickens 【全一集】7.《英国广播公司：哈德良皇帝》（BBC：Hadrian）【全一集】8.《BBC：中世纪思潮》(BBC: Inside the Medieval Mind)【全四集】9.《BBC:耶稣真实的故事》(BBC：Jesus The Real Story)【全三集】10.《再见霍格沃茨》（When.Harry.Left.Hogwarts）【全一集】11.《国家地理解密马丘比丘》（National.Geographic.Machu.Picchu）【全一集】12.《英国广播公司：铭记历史》（BBC：Time to Remember）【全十二集】13.《CBC：丛林秘药》（CBC:The.Nature.Of.Things.The.Jungle.Prescription）【全一集】14.《BBC：伦敦-双城记》（BBCondon.A.Tale.of.Two.Cities）【全一集】15.《吉米的食品工厂.第一季》(Jimmy's Food Factory)【全六集+圣诞特辑】16.《吉米的食品工厂.第二季》(Jimmy's Food Factory)【全八集】17.《BBC 母老虎：英国的那些女王们BBC: She-Wolves Englands Early Queens》【全三集】18.《BBC 厕所秘史BBC: The.Toilet.An.Unspoken.History》【全一集】19.《BBC：希腊神话的真相》(BBC: Greek Myths Tales of Travelling Heroes)【全一集】20.《BBC 中世纪儿童》BBC: Too Much Too Young Children of the Middle Ages【全一集】21.《BBC：意大利最血腥的黑手党》BBC: The Camorra Italy's Bloddiest Mafia【全一集】22.《BBC 一千零一夜的秘密》（BBC Secrets.of.the.Arabian.Nights）【全一集】23.《英国广播公司：电影中的苏格兰》(BBC: Scotland on Screen)【全一集】24.《BBC 网络SQ之害》BBC: Websex Whats the Harm 【全一集】25.《CH4：文明--西方的历史？》(Ch4: Civilization Is the West History？)【全六集】26.《英国广播公司：如何读懂教堂》(BBC: Churches - How to Read Them)【全六集】27.《BBC：文艺复兴》(BBC: Renaissance Revolution)【全三集】28.《英国广播公司：英国历史溯源.第一季》(BBC：Digging for Britain)【全四集】29.《英国广播公司：英国历史溯源.第二季》(BBC：Digging for Britain)【全四集】30.《英国广播公司：末日审判书》(BBC：Domesday)【全一集】31.《英国广播公司：圣诞之星》(BBC: Star of Bethlehem)【全一集】32.《BBC：海上帝国》(BBC：Empire of the Seas)【全四集】33.《英国广播公司：书香》(BBC:The Beauty of Books)【全四集】34.《BBC 阶级与文化》BBC: Class and Culture【全三集】35.《国家地理：吸血鬼取证》(National geographic：Vampire Forensics)【全二集】36.《BBC：伦敦地铁史话.伦敦地铁150周年》（BBC:The Tube: An Underground History）【全一集】37.《英国广播公司：英国古代史》(BBC:A History of Acient Britain)【全四集】38.《BBC.地平线-科普纪录片系列.冰木乃伊》（BBC:Horizon.Ice.Mummies）【全三集】39.《国家地理：圣经之谜.第一季》(National Geographic: Riddles of the Bible)【全四集】40.《国家地理：圣经之谜.第二季》(National Geographic: Riddles of the Bible)【全四集】41.《BBC 上天的财富》BBC: Treasures of Heaven【全一集】42.《BBC：无所不吃的人》（BBC: The Man Who Ate Everything）【全一集】43.《BBC：大英帝国》BBC Empire【全五集】44.《英国广播公司：无神论简史》(BBC: The Atheism Tapes)【全六集】45.《BBC 佛教七宝地》BBC: Seven Wonders of the Buddhist World【全一集】46.《BBC：莎士比亚研究》（Simon.Schamas.Shakespeare）【全二集】47.《英国广播公司：角斗士残酷的真相》(BBC: The Gladiators The Brutal Turth)【全一集】48.《英国广播公司：中世纪生活》(BBC:Medieval Lives)【全八集】49.《英国广播公司：爱尔兰故事》(BBC: The Story of Ireland)【全五集】50.《英国电视四台：君主制第二季》(Channel 4: Monarchy Season 2)【全五集】51.《英国电视四台：君主制第三季》(Channel 4: Monarchy Season 3)【全五集】52.《BBC：恐怖电影史》(BBC: A History of Horror with Mark Gatiss)【全三集】53.《英国广播公司：快乐王子爱德华七世》(BBC: Edward VII Prince of Pleasure)【全一集】54.《BBC:汉尼拔的征程》(BBC:On Hannibals Trail)【全六集】55.《英国电视四台：历史秘辛性与万字符》CH4：Sex.and.the.Swastika【全一集】56.《美国公共电视台：帝国系列日本神秘帝国的回忆》PBS: Empires Japan Memoirs of a Secret Empire【全三集】57.《英国电视四台：1066 中土之战》(Ch4：1066 The Battle for Middle Earth)【全两集】58.《BBC 中世纪国王秘史》BBC: The Private Lives of Medieval Kings【全三集】59.《英国广播公司：亲历大师》(BBC: Great Thinkers In Their Own Words)【全三集】60.《英国广播公司：神秘的英国》(Secret Britain)【全四集】61.《PBS:新星.2012.维京宝剑之谜》PBS:NOVA.2012.Secrets.of.the.Viking.Sword）【全一集】62.《BBC：高文骑士与绿衣骑士》BBC: Sir Gawain and the Green Knight【全一集】63.《英国广播公司：负罪的愉悦》(BBC: Guilty Pleasures)【全二集】64.《BBC.绿野仙踪.真实的故事》（The.Wonderful.Wizard.of.Oz.The.True.Story）【全一集】65.《BBC：英语成长记》BBC: The.Adventure.of.English【全八集】66.《BBC 日本大使的饕餮盛宴》BBC: The Japanese Ambassador【全一集】67.《BBC:英国的七个纪元》(BBC:The Seven Ages Of Britain)【全七集】68.《BBC：最后的纳粹》(BBC:The Last Nazis)【全三集】69.《BBC:众神与妖魔荷马史诗奥德赛》(BBC:Gods and Monsters Homers Odyssey)【全一集】70.《PBS:世纪初罗马帝国》PBS:Empires - The Roman Empire in the First Century【全二集】71.《英国广播公司：达尔文杀神?》(BBC: Did Darwin Kill God?)【全一集】72.《BBC：肯尼迪现代政治之父》(BBC：JFK The Making of Modern Politics)【全一集】73.《BBC：中国瓷器瑰宝》BBC:Treasures of Chinese Porcelain【全一集】74.《BBC：砸了丫的相机》BBC: Imagine 2010 Smash His Camera【全一集】75.《BBC 颓废与优雅：摄政时代》Elegance.and.Decadence.The.Age.of.the.Regency【全三集】76.《英国广播公司：托起不列颠的船舰》(BBC: The Boats That Built Britain)【全六集】77.《BBC 苏格兰史话第一季》BBC: A History of Scotland 【全五集】78.《英国电视四台：一个妓女的堕落》（CH4: A Harlots Progress）【全一集】79.《BBC：从克里斯蒂娜看中世纪生活》BBC: Christina A Medieval Life【全一集】80.《BBC国王与剧作家：詹姆士一世时代史》BBC: The King and the Playwright: A Jacobean History 【全三集】81.《BBC：阿肯那顿法老的失落之都》(BBC: Timewatch The Pharaoh's Lost City)【全一集】82.《英国广播公司：征服者》(BBC:The Conquistadors)【全四集】83.《美国公共电视台：帝国系列之埃及黄金王朝》(PBS: Empires Egypt's Golden Empire)【全三集】84.《BBC：傲慢与偏见：来场舞会吧》（BBCride and Prejudice: Having a Ball）【全一集】85.《国家地理：埃及人眼中的神秘来世》(NG:Egyptian Secrets of the Afterlife)【全一集】86.《BBC：凯尔特不列颠史》（BBC：A History of Celtic Britain）【全四集】87.《BBC 偷盗莎士比亚》BBC Stealing Shakespeare【全一集】88.《英国电视四台：英国天才》(CH4: Genius of Britain)【全五集】89.《英国广播公司：维京萨迦》(BBC: The Viking Sagas)【全一集】90.《BBC 亚伯拉罕·林肯：圣人还是罪人》BBC: Abraham Lincoln: Saint or Sinner【全一集】91.《BBC:揭秘亚瑟王》(BBC：The Making of King Arthur)【全一集】92.《英国广播公司：历史疑案.第一季》(BBC: History Cold Case)【全四集】93.《英国广播公司：历史疑案.第二季》(BBC: History Cold Case)【全四集】94.《BBC 我的父亲是纳粹》BBC: My Father was a Nazi Commandant【全一集】95.《BBC 诺亚方舟真实的故事》BBC: Noahs Ark: The Real Story 【全一集】96.《BBC：韩弥敦寻魔录》BBC: Andy Hamiltons Search for Satan【全一集】97.《英国广播公司：诺曼行走》(BBC: Dan Snows Norman Walks)【全三集】98.《BBC 君主制拯救者》The Royals Who Rescued the Monarchy【全两集】99.《BBC:罗斯林大教堂巨石中的财富》(BBC:Rosslyn Chapel A Treasure in Stone)【全一集】100.《Studio：Cromwell：莎士比亚名剧揭秘》THE THEMES OF SHAKESPEARE 【全六集】101.《BBC：时代瞭望：巨石阵新证》（BBC: Time Watch Stonehenge）【全一集】102.《BBC：女巫审判》（BBC: The Pendle Witch Child）【全一集】103.《英国广播公司：盎格鲁-撒克逊的宝藏》(BBC: Treasures of the Anglo Saxons)【全一集】104.《BBC：亨利八世保护者还是掠夺者》(BBC ：Henry VIII Patron or Plunderer)【全二集】105.《文化国际影片公司：日耳曼部落》（The Germanic Tribes）【全四集】106.《BBC：维多利亚时代的药铺》BBC.The.Victorian.Pharmacy【全四集】107.《BBC：凯尔特人是如何拯救英国的》(BBC:How the Celts Saved Britain)【全二集】108.《BBC 穆罕默德生平》BBC: The.Life.of.Muhammad 【全三集】109.《BBC：伦敦市场》（BBC.The.London.Markets）【全三集】110.《BBC：死因不明》（BBCeath.Unexplained）【全三集】111.《BBC：维多利亚时期的农场》(BBC:Victorian Farm)【全六集】112.《BBC：直击罗马人》（BBC: Meet The Romans）【全三集】113.《BBC：斯特拉迪瓦里小提琴的故事》（BBC:Stradivarius.and.Me）【全一集】114.《PBS：帝国系列：马丁路德的改革》（PBS:Empires:Martin.Luther）【全二集】115.《BBC：博尔索弗城堡》（BBC:Secret.Knowledge.2013.Bolsover.Castle)【全一集】116.《PBS：大卫王国:以色列人的传奇》（PBS:The Saga of the Israelites）【全四集】117.《BBC：白王后和对手的真实故事》(BBC:The Real White Queen and Her Rivals)【全二集】118.《BSkyB：英国人》（BSkyB:The British）【更新至第二集】119.《BBC 人之上升》BBC: The Ascent Of Man【更新至第十一集】120.《BBC：意大利吃货第一季》（BBC:Two.Greedy.Italians）【更新至第三集】121.《BBC：为爱而雕》（BBC: Carved with Love）【更新至第二集】。

考博英语面试常见问题及答案其实考博英语复试最大的一个问，也是最根本的一个问题就是：首先你得先通过考博英语初试，这才有可能面对考博英语复试问题。

下面是小编为大家带来的考博英语常见问题及答案，欢迎阅读。

第一部分：传统(Sample Traditional Interview Questions)1、What can you tell me about yourself?(关于你自己，你能告诉我些什么?)这一问题如果面试没有安排的时间的话。

这是一个必问的问题。

考官并不希望你大谈你的个人历史，他是在寻找有关你性格、资历、志向和生活动力的线索，来判断你是否适合读研或者MBA。

下面是一个积极正面回答的好例子：“在高中我参加各种竞争性体育活动，并一直努力提高各项运动的成绩。

大学期间，我曾在一家服装店打工，我发现我能轻而易举地将东西推销出去。

销售固然重要，但对我来说，更重要的是要确信顾客能够满意。

不久便有顾客返回那家服装店点名让我为他们服务。

我很有竞争意识，力求完美对我很重要。

”In high school I was involved in competitive sports and I always tried to improve in each sport I participated in. As a college student, I worked in a clothing store part-time and found that I could sell things easily. The sale was important, but for me, it was even more important to make sure that the customer was satisfied. It was not long before customers came back to the store and specifically asked for me to help them. I’m very competitive and it means a lot to me to be the best.2、What would you like to be doing five years after graduation?(在毕业以后5年内你想做些什么?)你要清楚你实际上能胜任什么。

第06章：Burning Convictions 饶绍的罪恶（1500——1558）亨利想从罗马教皇分离，声称自己就是英国的教皇。

这导致了英国的改革。

在那几十年里英国的天主教被抛弃。

1536 和1538年10000名僧侣被uprooting。

修道院分解，他们的财产被重新分配。

伊丽莎白成功的策划了宗教的政变。

英语字幕文本：There are ghosts in this place.You don't notice them right away.At first glance, Binham Priory in Norfolk looks much like any other English country church - plain and simple, limestone, limewash.Nothing fancy, really.But then you look around and realise something else is going on here.That grandiose, timber-vaulted roof.Those multi-storey arcades.Aren't they all just a bit too big for a parish church?And then you start to fill in the gaps, and bit by bit a lost world remakes itself, a world of monks and masses, of colour and plainsong.A world of brilliant images.The world of Catholic England.For centuries, this didn't sound strained.Catholic England was just another way of saying Christian England, really. And then, in a generation, it stopped being a truism and started being treason.Images of the Virgin, the apostles and the saints once cherished and glorified, were now mocked and vandalised.Here at Binham, the saints on the rood screen were expunged, painted over with verses from an English Bible.Today, they're restored, but the world over which they once presided is dead and gone.We can't bring back the lost world of Binham's painted saints whole and alive again.But just because the death of that world was so shocking, so utterly improbable, and because the Reformation and the wars of religion it triggered cut so deep a mark on the body of our country, we need to try and reassemble the fragments of that world as best we can.Only then can we hope to answer one of the most poignant questions in our history: Whatever did happen to Catholic England?We all grew up, even a nice Jewish boy like me, with the idea that the English Reformation was a historic inevitability, the culling of an obsolete, unpopular, fundamentally un-English faith.But on the very eve of the Reformation, Catholicism in England was vibrant, popular and very much alive.This is Walsingham in Norfolk, once the home of the miracle working shrine of Our Lady of Walsingham.Along with the Becket shrine at Canterbury, Walsingham was the must-see place for all serious 16th-century pilgrims, a tradition revived this century by High Church Anglicans.Today, you get only the faintest echoes of what Walsingham once was, a gaudy, rowdy mix of hucksterism and holiness, piety and plaster saints;the kind of place you'd expect to find, say, in Naples or Seville, not in the depths of sober East Anglia.But even then, as today, not everybody approved.Erasmus, the Catholic scholar superstar of the age, came here on a mock pilgrimage and poured scorn on tales of sacred milk and chapels airmailed in from the Holy Land.But his was the minority intellectual view, safely expressed in Latin and tolerated, though not necessarily endorsed, by members of the ruling Tudor dynasty.The Tudors were regular and devout pilgrims.Henry VIII, early in his reign, walked barefoot to the shrine, offering a necklace of rubies and dedicating a giant candle in thanks for the birth of his son, Henry, in 1511.Prince Henry died within weeks, but the king's candle continued to burn at the shrine for many years to come.What a strange world this Catholic England was.The urge for renewal and reform side by side with the ancient, the hallowed and the occasionally fraudulent.But it seems that all apparent contradictions could be accommodated under the capacious skirts of the Catholic Mother Church.And what a mother she was! Come to Holy Trinity Church at Long Melford in Suffolk, and you'll see just what I mean.This magnificent building was paid for with Suffolk wool money.However, what you see today are just the bare bones of what it was supposed to be.But we know what Long Melford in its splendour was really like thanks to an account left by Roger Martyn, who'd been a churchwarden here in the reign of England's last Catholic ruler, Queen Mary.Writing in the very different times of Queen Elizabeth, Roger Martyn, with a mixture of pride and regret, set out to tell future generations exactly what they were missing.At the back of the high altar there was a goodly mount carved very artificially with the story of Christ's Passion, all being fair, gilt and lively and beautifully set forth.And at the north end of the same altar there was a goodlygilt tabernacle reaching up to the roof of the chancel, in which there was one fair, large, gilt image of the Holy Trinity, besides other fine images.But Martyn's church was more than just a building.He describes a living world of processions and festivals, ceremonies and rituals involving the whole community.Above all this presided the "management", without whom none of it made sense.The priests, guardians of the mystery, at the heart of traditional Christian belief.Every time the priest celebrated communion, Christ crucified would be there in flesh and blood.The priest was the indispensable man, and there was no getting to Heaven but through his hands.But elsewhere other hands were hard at work.The miracle-working priest was about to be challenged by the word of God itself, translated into English and printed in black and white.Hand-written English Bibles had been in circulation since the days of the Lollards, that Protestant heresy that flourished briefly in the early 1400s.But manuscripts represented hard labour and cost pounds to buy.A printed New Testament, on the other hand, could be mass-produced and sold for a tenth of the price.The idea of a Bible in English, cheap and freely available to anyone who could read, put the fear of God into the authorities.William Tyndale, an ordained priest, was the first to take on the dangerous task of translating, publishing and printing an English version of the New Testament.Tyndale is a recognisable historical type.Austere, steely, unswerving, even a little fanatical, and disarmingly clear in his own convictions."It was not possible," he wrote, "to establish the laypeople in any truth "except the Scriptures were plainly laid before their eyes in their mother tongue."In 1524, Tyndale fled London for mainland Europe, ending up in Worms in Germany, a city which had recently been made safely Protestant by its allegiance to the new radical doctrines of Martin Luther.Tyndale's English New Testament was completed there by January 1526, and within weeks copies were on sale in London.What followed was an English version of the Inquisition.Denunciations, arrests, book burnings, show trials.Those who recanted were forced to carry before them faggots of wood, symbols of the bonfire that would consume them if they ever lapsed again.And in 1530 symbolism gave way to gruesome reality when a priest named Thomas Hitton confessed to smuggling in a New Testament.Condemned as a heretic, he was burned at Maidstone on the 23rd of February.The Reformation had claimed its first victim.And cheering all this on from the sidelines was the king, Henry VIII, dutiful son of the Church, whose candle at Walsingham had been burning brightly for nearly 20 years.In the winter of 1530, as the fire was lit under the unfortunate Hitton, there was no reason to think that anything would ever change.To understand why it did, you have to understand something about Henry, the man who without ever really meaning to turned Catholic England into a Protestant nation.Well, for a start, he was never supposed to be king.But when his older brother Arthur died, Henry, aged 11, became heir apparent.He also acquired his brother's wife, the Spanish Catherine of Aragon.The marriage alliance between Spain and England was just too important to be allowed to lapse.In 1509, King Henry VII died, and his 17-year-old son came into his own.The young king was a spectacular sight.You could practically smell the testosterone.Any way and anywhere he could flash that burly energy, he did, in the saddle, on the dance floor or here on the tennis court, where a besotted courtier wrote of the king's skin, "glowing through the fabric of his finely woven shirt".Then there was the famous breezy charm, dispensed like the English weather - in sunny periods, alternating with cloudy spells and sudden bursts of heavy thunder.The charm was of the rib-poking, back-slapping, punch-in-the-belly-arm-around-the-shoulders kind, which, depending on the mood of the month, could betoken either sudden promotion or imminent arrest.Henry wallowed in the praise droolingly lavished on him by courtiers and ambassadors.Henry the gallant, Henry the handsome, Henry the clever, Henry the superstar.The only king to have his own personal band hired to go touring with him and featuring young Henry himself as lead singer/songwriter.Egged on by the Pope, who dangled before him the title of Defender of the Faith, Henry was determined to make a splashy debut on the European scene.He tried to get his Spanish father-in-law, King Ferdinand, to come in on joint ventures against their mutual enemy, King Louis of France.But when it came to snake-pit politics, Ferdinand was a real pro, shamelessly exploiting Henry's lust for glory, but failing to deliver on the promised armies.Henry pushed on without him and, in the summer of 1513, talked up a skirmish with French knights into a major victory called the Battle of the Spurs.Meanwhile, back home, Queen Catherine and her councillors managed a military victory of major importance at Flodden Field, which left the king of the Scots, James IV, and a dozen Scottish earls dead on the battlefield.But behind all this activity at home and abroad, keeping the army supplied, negotiating the treaties, channelling the king's energies was one of the greatest organisational brains of the age - Archbishop of York, soon to be Chancellor of England, Thomas Wolsey.Let's face it, if we could find one, we could all use a Wolsey, a Jeeves with an attitude, someone who comes to work every day and says, "And what would be your pleasure, Majesty?" and then goes off and does it.Oh, the occasional document will come sliding across the desk for signature, but nothing, really, to interrupt a hard day's hunt.Wolsey was a consummate manager, attentive to detail in both matters and men, someone who could stroke Parliament when that was necessary and who could bang heads together, even very aristocratic heads, when that was called for.He was a master manipulator of patronage, of honours, of bribes and of threats.In other words, he was a psychologist in a cardinal's hat.Wolsey also understood the relationship between display and power.He used it for his own ends here at Hampton Court, but he also used it for the king, acting as impresario for one of the greater shows in his career, the Field of the Cloth of Gold.The meeting in 1520 between Henry and the young French king, Francis I, was supposed to be a demonstration of heartfelt amity and a pointed message to the recently elected Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V, that old enemies could, if needs be, become friends.But it came to war anyway, not with weapons, but something much more deadly - style.In the greatest transportation exercise seen since the campaigns of Edward III, Wolsey shipped over the entire ruling class of England.Earls, bishops, knights of the shire - 5,000 men, including, in a display of unconvincing humility, the Cardinal himself on muleback dressed in crimson velvet.Music played, wine ran red and white from fountains, a great deal of heron got eaten.The two kings spent hours trying on glamorous outfits that could be worn only once.They wrestled, not only with knotty problems of state, but with each other, the nimbler Francis at one point throwing Henry on his back.No doubt he laughed, no doubt he hated it.Somewhere in the middle of all this overdressed melee was a young English woman, a lady-in-waiting to Claude, the wife of the French king.This was the woman who would bring Wolsey's immense house of power crashing down in ruins and with it, inconceivably, the power of the Roman Church in England.Her name was Anne Boleyn.So much saccharine drivel has been written on the subject of Anne Boleyn, so many Hollywood movies made, so many bodice-buster romances produced that us serious historians are supposed to avert our gaze from the tragic soap opera of her life and concentrate on meaty stuff, like the social and political origins of the Reformation or the Tudor revolution in government.But try as we might, we keep coming back time and again to the subject of Anne, because on close inspection it turns out that she was, after all, historical prime cause number one.At the time of the Field of the Cloth of Gold, Anne would have been a teenager.She'd been away from England off and on since the age of 12, when herwell-connected diplomat father, Thomas, arranged for her to become maid of honour to Margaret of Austria at one of her many courts, this one here at Mechelen in Flanders.Margaret was recognised as the world authority on courtly love, that theatrical form of aristocratic flirtation around which a whole culture had grown up.Desire endlessly deferred, sexual passion transfigured into pure selfless love,troubadours, masks, silk handkerchiefs, a lot of sighing.That was the theory anyway.While underneath the stage-managed surface, the old basic instincts seethed away.Anne returned to England in 1522, a sophisticated, accomplished, ambitious young woman with a mind of her own.Anne Boleyn entered the glittering, dangerous world of the Tudor court in her 20s.Physically she was no raving beauty, despite the long black hair and dark eyes, but she knew how to exploit her natural vivaciousness to play the game of courtly love for all it was worth.One of the first to fall was a man every bit as sophisticated as she was, Thomas Wyatt, the epitome of the Renaissance courtier.A soldier, a diplomat and, above all, a poet.His poems are heavy with the conventional lover's sighs, but in those apparently inspired by Anne the sighs come from the heart.Wyatt, unhappily married, realised he stood no chance with her, and in one of his famous poems compares himself to a hunter, vainly chasing a deer.Unable to divorce his wife, all that Wyatt could offer Anne was that she should become his mistress, not good enough for an ambitious girl on the make.And beside, there was another reason why Wyatt would never catch his hind, as his poem goes on to explain."And graven with diamonds in letters plain "There is written her fair neck roundabout, 'nole me tangere' "For Caesar's I am and wild for to hold though I seem tame.""Nole me tangere" -do not touch, for Caesar, otherwise known as Henry VIII, had already committed himself to the chase, and the king, as we know, was an inexhaustible hunter.Henry really had to work hard to get Anne, harder than at any time in his life.The man who, as Wolsey could testify, hated writing letters wrote umpteen in his attempts to woo her.She represented everything Catherine of Aragon was not.Ten years younger, merry rather than pious, spirited rather thangravely deferential, Anne opened the way to sexual bliss, domestic happiness and, perhaps more important than any of these, the possibility of a son and heir.The estrangement between Catherine and Henry went back as far as 1511 and the death of their son Henry, who despite the offerings made at Walsingham lived only a few weeks.Catherine had gone on to produce a daughter, Mary, born in 1516.But Henry began to recoil from his queen.After more than 20 years, Henry had no legitimate male heir and no prospect of one.By the time that Anne came on the scene, Henry was convinced that his marriage to Catherine had been divinely cursed.The king was an assiduous reader of Scripture, and there must have been a sharp intake of breath every time he read Leviticus chapter 20, verse 21, in which God himself tells Moses, "If a man shall take his brother's wife, it is an unclean thing..."...they shall be childless." Driven by his fear of dynastic extinction and his passion for Anne, who, as usual, refused to become his mistress, Henry seized on divorce as the answer to all of his problems.Henry wanted a papal annulment of the marriage on grounds of incest.But the Pope couldn't oblige, for in May 1527 the armies of the Emperor Charles V sacked Rome, and made Pope Clement a virtual prisoner.And Charles, who was Queen Catherine's nephew, wouldn't allow an annulment while he was in control.Wolsey was the first to be dragged under by this crisis.Henry had no use for a Mr Fixit who couldn't fix it, and Wolsey was quickly got rid of, ostensibly for fraud and corruption.Within a year, he was dead, charges of high treason still hanging over his head.It was Anne herself who, at some point in 1530, steered the whole problem in a radically new direction.She put literally into Henry's hands a little book that to her seemed not only fundamentally true, but also, given present circumstances, extremely useful.It was by that arch-propagandist William Tyndale, and it was called "The obedience of a Christian man and how Christian rulers ought to govern".Like all Tyndale's work it was a pungent read."One king, one law, is God's ordnance in every realm," he wrote.In other words, the writ of the Bishop of Rome did not run in England.But Anne wasn't finished yet.With a typical mixture of conviction and self-interest, she got a think tank of theologians, including Thomas Cranmer, to come up with documents from the history of the early Church proving royal supremacy.The more he learnt about his supreme power, the better Henry liked it.It may have begun as a tactic in political intimidation, but now the royal supremacy seemed, on its own merits, a self-evident truth.You can almost hear him clapping his hand to his head and exclaiming, "How could I have been so dull as to have missed this?"Not surprisingly, then, around the summer of 1530, the telling word "imperial" begins to show up regularly in Henry's own remarks.Emperors, of course, acknowledge no superior on earth.Henry's ego, never exactly a modest part of his personality, now began to bloom to imperial proportions.And he got the palaces to house it, too, 50 of them before his reign was done.Some of the greatest and grandest had been Wolsey's, most notably Hampton Court, which now became the stage for the swaggering theatre of court life.Nothing measures the imperial scale of Henry's court better than the size of the space needed to feed its gut.Here at the kitchens at Hampton Court, 230 people were employed, servicing another 1,000 who every day were entitled to eat at the king's expense.Three vast larders for the meat alone.A specially designed wet larder for holding fish, supplied by water drawn from the fountains outside.Spiceries, fruiteries, six immense fireplaces.Three gargantuan cellars capable of holding the 300 casks of wine and the 600,000 gallons of ale downed each year by this court.And at the centre of it all, though carefully protected in the privy chamber from undue exhibition, was England's new Caesar - the king, at 40, colossal, autocratic, bestriding the realm with all the god-like power and authority of the Roman Caesars.And now inevitably, the Church, with its allegiance to Rome, found itself on the wrong side of a nasty argument.How they must have shivered at the Archbishop of Canterbury's palace in Lambeth when they heard Henry say of his bishops, "They be but half our subjects, yea, and scarce our subjects."The threat was clear and the capitulation inevitable.It came in the spring of 1532 with the so-called Submission of the Clergy, which conceded all of Henry's demands.From now on, the laws of the Church would be governed by the will of the king, and the king's will was clear: Divorce from Catherine, marriage to Anne, Princess Mary to be declared a bastard, recognition for the unborn child that by the spring of 1533 was already swelling Anne's belly.Anne was duly crowned at Westminster Abbey in May by a new Archbishop of Canterbury, the obliging Thomas Cranmer.So, a reformation of sorts, but not yet a Protestant reformation.The English Church may have broken from Rome, but no core doctrines had been touched.The real presence of Christ in the mass was preserved.Priests were still expected to be celibate.Prayers in the Bible were still in Latin.The beautiful stained glass at Fairford Church in Gloucester offended no official doctrines.And so things might have remained, but they didn't.To understand why, we need now to look at one of the most extraordinary working partnerships in British history, Archbishop Thomas Cranmer and Thomas Cromwell, Wolsey's former enforcer and now Secretary of State.Here they are, then, the Tudor odd couple, on the frontispiece of an English Bible.You take away one, and the Reformation wouldn't have happened, at least not the way it did.Because they were like two pillars, theological on the left and the political on the right, with the king, triumphant, in the middle.Their agenda was always more radical than the king's.Cromwell's Protestantism was the product of the kind of anti-establishment killer instinct you might expect from a Putney clever Dick out to make a name for himself.Cranmer's convictions were more profound and thoughtful, but he too had strong personal reasons to side with the Reformers.Shortly before he was appointed Archbishop of Canterbury, Cranmer had secretly married a German woman, Margareta, thereby committing himself to one of Luther's most shocking innovations.Cranmer, like Cromwell, was devoted to the Renaissance idea of a strong prince in a strong Christian state.The people were going to be given their Bible from on high, authorised, and no other version was going to be tolerated.This picture of an orderly, even authoritarian Church of England is exactly what you see on the frontispiece of this Great Bible, officially commissioned by Thomas Cromwell and published in 1539.Thomas Cromwell is probably the least sentimental Englishman ever to run the country.He understood with a clarity that Henry could never quite manage that it would not be enough for the break with Rome to be proclaimed and then expect everyone to fall into line.He was anticipating a fight, and he was prepared to fight hard.Cromwell knew that sooner or later the Pope would throw his big gun into the battle - excommunication.And if the king was to win the war, he'd better fight back with something more or less novel in the language of politics, namely patriotism.The country had to be aroused to a new sense of its sovereignty, its potency.Demonise Rome as the foreigner, the alien, the enemy.To this engine of chauvinist propaganda, Cromwell added the necessary machinery of coercion.An oath had to be sworn recognising the royal supremacy, the legitimacy of the heirs of the king and Queen Anne, and the bastardisation of the Lady Mary.Insulting the new queen was treason, calling the king a schismatic or a heretic was treason.For the first time in English law, it was a crime just to say things.Cromwell managed to turn England into a frightened, snivelling, jumpy place where denunciation was a sanctimonious duty and countless petty little scores got settled by people who were protesting that they were just doing "the right thing".Nowhere in Cromwell's strong-arm regime did his shock troops seem to enjoy their work more thoroughly than in the visitations to the monasteries, done with lightning speed during the course of 1535 and early 1536.The uprooting of nearly 10,000 monks and nuns, the destruction of an entire ancient way of life had little to do with reforming zeal.When you look at Cromwell's flying squads up close and in action, you don't really get the impression of a bunch of men who thought of themselves as renovators.Wreckers, more likely.For one thing, they seemed to enjoy their work a bit too much."I laid unto him a concealment of treason," wrote one of Cromwell's hit men to his chief about a prior he had at his mercy."I called him heinous traitor in the worst terms I could devise, "and him all the time kneeling and making intercession unto me "not to utter to you the premises of his undoing."Such were the pleasures of reform.The property bonanza that followed the dissolution of the monasteries was on a scale no other English revolution ever approached.Abbeys like this one at Laycock were offered at bargain basement prices, and loyalty to the new order secured with bricks and mortar.The former residents were soon forgotten or reduced to delectable family legends of headless nuns and spectral monks.Let's call the next chapter of the story, "circa regna tonat" - around the throne the thunder roars.Thomas Wyatt used the line in a poem written in a cell in the Tower of London after he'd just witnessed the execution of five innocent men.A few days later, an innocent woman would also die.As you probably know, she was Anne Boleyn, and as you can probably guess, the author of this bloody drama was Thomas Cromwell.It wasn't the birth in 1533 of a baby girl, Elizabeth, that did for Anne.Henry was disappointed, but he didn't turn against his new wife.No, he laid his hand on the baby's head, recognising her as his legitimate daughter and hoped for better luck next time.18 months later, Anne was pregnant again.At the beginning of January 1536, more good news.Catherine of Aragon was dead.Henry was relieved."God be praised," he said, "that we are free from all suspicion of war." Maybe it was at this point that the cogs and wheels of Cromwell's mind started to whirl.For Cromwell had decided to engineer a reconciliation between Henry and the Emperor Charles V.With the Emperor's Aunt Catherine now safely dead, the timing was perfect except for one thing - Anne.For the price of peace would doubtless include the relegitimising of Lady Mary, and to this Anne would never agree.Therefore, so Cromwell reasoned, Anne must go.On the 29th of January, Anne miscarried.Had the baby lived, it would have been a boy.The disaster seems to have reawakened Henry's darkest fears."I see now that God will never give me a male heir," he told Anne.To one of his intimates he hinted that Anne had seduced him through witchcraft.Anne was defenceless.Cromwell moved against her with breathtaking speed and ferocity.From the decision to act, taken around Easter time 1536, to the first arrests, took just two weeks.Anne was doomed.What Cromwell now cooked up was a thing of pure devilry, a finely measured brew, one part paranoia, one part pornography.Moments of dalliance, nothing really untoward in a Renaissance court.A handkerchief dropped at a May Day tilt, not belonging to the king.A dance taken with a young man, also not the king.A blown kiss, a giggle.All these were twisted by Cromwell into a carnival of unholy, traitorous sex.The Queen, it seems, had had sex with just about everyone.。

The Portuguese government has unveiled thecountry's toughest budget in years, combining state tax rises with spendingcuts to tackle its large deficit. The opposition socialist party called it afiscal atomic bomb. Hundreds of protesters who gathered outside the Portugueseparliament called on the government to resign. Alison Robert reports.葡萄牙政府近期公布了几年来最为苛刻的国家预算，采用增加国家税收和缩减政府支出相结合的办法来解决巨大的赤字问题。

反对党社会主义党称政府的这一预算为财政界的原子弹。

聚集在葡萄牙国会外的上百名抗议者要求现任政府辞职。

Alison Robert报道。

After weeks of mixed messages and tensionswithin the right-center coalition,Portugal's finance minister finallysubmitted next-year's state budget to Parliament. An hour later he outlined keydetails of a document that foresees spending cuts and tax increases totalingsome five billion Euros, almost $6.5bn. Most of that is in higher income tax,taking away the equivalent of a month salary for any workers. Austerity isalready weighing heavily onPortugal’seconomy with unemployment hitting a new record high in September.经过数周的各种令人喜忧参半的消息以及在右翼为中心的政府联盟内部的紧张态势，葡萄牙财政部长最终向国会递交了明年的政府预算。

BBC英语听力（文本＋翻译Up to 15 million people on the east coastof the United Statesare preparing for the arrival of Hurricane Sandy which is expected to makelandfall in the coming hours. Speaking at the White House, President Obamaissued a warning that the storm would cause many days of severe disturbance andpossible fatal consequences. Sandy has continuedto pick up strength over the Atlantic Oceanthroughout the day. Public transport has been shut down in New York. Dirtry Parker from the city'sMetropolitan Transport Authority says they feared the subways themselves couldbe flooded.美国东海岸近1500万人正为将即将到来的飓风做准备，飓风桑迪可能会在未来几小时内着陆。

总统奥巴马在白宫发出警告，台风可能会对生活造成数天的严重干扰，并可能带来致命后果。

这几天桑迪一直在从大西洋积攒力量。

纽约公交系统已经关闭，该大都市运输局的Dirtry Parker解释道，他们担心洪水会淹没地铁。

The worst storm has not hit us yet, we arealert to what's going on in the under-river tubes. We are also removing some ofour signal equipment. You know our governor has said salt water and subwaysdon't mix. We can continue pumping water out if we lose electricity our pumpwill not be operable, so it really depends on how much damage we sustain.这场最严重的风暴目前还未袭击我们，但我们要时刻警惕地下水管的动静。