高一英语必修四Unit4 Grammar ： Ving 作状语

1 高一英语必修四Unit4 Grammar ： Ving 作状语

V-ing 形式在句中作定语和状语是本单元的学习重点。

1. 作定语

V-ing 形式可以单独充当名词的前置修饰语, 这时有两种情况。

1) -ing形式表示 “供作......之用”的意思

(1) A swimming pool= a pool for swimming

(2) In the following years he worked even harder. 在后来的几年中，他学习更努力了。

(3) The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father.正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。

2) -ing形式表示 “......的” 意思, -ing形式短语作定语时一般放在它所修饰的名词之后, 相当于一个定语从句。

（1) A sleeping child=a child who is sleeping

（2）working people=people who are working

（3）the rising sun= the sun which is rising

(4) They are visitors coming from several countries.=They are visitors who come from several countries

(5) The boy standing there is a classmate of mine.=The boy who is standing there is a classmate of mine.

2. 作状语

现在分词在语法功能上相当于动词、形容词和副词。现在分词通常和逻辑主语之间存在主动关系。但要注意它地各种形式变化：现在分词作状语往往和逻辑主语之间存在主动关系。现在分词作状语，常常用来表示原因、时间、方式、结果、条件、伴随状况等。现在分词一般不用作表目的地状语（通常用不定式表目的地状语）。

1) Hearing the bell, the students began to enter the classroom. 听见铃声，学生们开始走进教室。（听见和进入两个动作同时发生）

2) The building being built now is our new library. 现在正在建造地 这栋楼房室我们地 新图书馆（being built为现在分词的被动形式，表示动作正在进行之中。）

3) Having done the work, he went home. 完成了工作，他就回家了。

1．表时间状语

1）Walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.(=When I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.)在街道上散步，我遇到了我的一个朋友。

2）While waiting for the bus, he read a copy of China Daily.(=While waiting for the bus,he read a copy of China Daily.) 在等候公共汽车的时候，他读一张《中国日报》

3） (When) Hearing the news, he got frightened.= When he heard the news, he got frightened.听到这个消息，他很害怕。

2. 表原因状语

1）Being poor, he couldn’t afford a TV set.=Because of being poor , he couldn’t afford a TV set.y由于贫穷，他买不起电视机。

2）Being injured by a car, he didn’t go to school.(=as he was injured by a car，he didn’t go to school)由于被车撞伤，他没有上学。

3） Thinking he might be at home, I called him.(As I thought he might be at home, I called him.) 由于想到它或许在家，所以我就给他打了电话。

3. 表方式、伴随情况地状语 ：作伴随状语地分词表示的动作，必须是主语的一个 动作，或是与谓语所表示地动作（或状态）同时发生，或是对谓语表示地动词（或状态）作进一步地补充说明。

1) Four people entered the room looking around in a curious way.= Four people enter the room and looked around in a curious way.四个人走进房间，好奇地看着四周。

2) The boy sat in front of the farm-house, cutting the branch.（伴随）这个孩子坐在农房前，削着树枝。

3）He came ，running back to tell me the news.（方式）他来了，跑回来告诉我这个消息。

4）Laughing and talking，they went into the classroom.=They went into the classroom with laughing and talking他们笑着谈着走进了教室。 2 5）He stood leaning against the wall.(＝He stood and leaned against the wall.) 他斜靠(lean)着墙站着。

4. 表结果

1）Her mother died in 1990, leaving her with her younger brother.(=Her mother died in 1990, and left her with her younger brother.)她的母亲1990 年去世了，留下她和年幼的弟弟。

2）The child slipped and fell, hitting his head against the door.（结果）这个孩子滑了一下，摔倒了，包头撞在了门上。

3）The song is sung all over the country，making it the most popular song全国到处在传唱这首歌曲，使它成了一首最受欢迎地歌曲。

5. 表条件

1）Using your head, you’ll find a good way.= if you use your head，you’ll find a good way，如果你动动脑筋，你会想出一个好办法。

2）Working hard, you’ll surely succeed=If you work hard，you’ll surely succeed 如果你努力工作，你会成功的。

3）Walking ahead，you will see a white house.=if you work ahead， you’ll see a white house 一直往前走，你就会看到一座白色地房子。

6与逻辑主语构成独立主格：

1）I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my heard。我等汽车时，一只鸟落到我头上。

2）All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly. 所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。

3）Time permitting, we'll do another two exercises. 如果时间允许，我们将做另两个练习。

有时也可用with (without) +名词（代词宾格）+分词形式

4）With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了。

7.作独立成分：

Judging from(by) his appearance, he must be an actor. 从外表看，他一定是个演员。

Attention Please

-ing形式作状语时, 它的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语是一致的。

1）Time permitting, I will pay a visit to the whole city.

(分词的逻辑主语是time , 而句子的主语是I , 两者不构成主谓关系, 所以只能用独立主格结构, 也就是给现在分词补充一个主语。)

2） You see her step back appearing surprised.= You see her step back and she appears surprised.

3）They also express their feelings using unspoken language. =They also express their feelings by the way of using unspoken language.

4）His nose touched Mr. Cook’s moving hand. =His nose touched Mr. Cook’s hand which is moving.

5） They are visitors coming from several countries. = They are visitors who come from several countries.

Rewrite the following sentences.

1. When he approached Ms Smith, he touched her shoulder and kissed her.

-------- _________________ Ms Smith, he touched her shoulder and kissed her.

2. The person who is translating the songs can speak seven languages.

------_______________________________can speak seven languages.

3. The boy standing there is reading a book about body language.

------The boy _____________________there is reading a book about body language.