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(二)连词用来连接词与词、短语与短语，以及句子与句子的词叫作连词。
连词属于虚词，在句中不能单独使用。
对于连词的考查主要涉及以下考点：1．并列连词and，but，so与or的用法；2．常见的从属连词的基本用法。
并列连词并列连词是指用以连接并列的单词、短语、从句或句子的连词(如and，but，or，so等)，可表示并列、顺承、转折、选择、因果等关系。
常见并列连词(短语)用法如下：1．表示并列(或顺承)关系2．表示转折关系开。
如：Tom's mother was not feeling well.However ，she went to work as usual.汤姆的妈妈感觉不舒服。
然而，她照常去上班。
3．表示选择关系4.表示因果关系连词so 表示因果关系，意为“因此；所以”，但不能与because 同时使用。
如： He was ill ，so he didn't go to school.他生病了，因此没有去上学。
【即时训练】 用适当的连词填空。
1．You'd better take care ，__or__ you'll hurt your eyes. 2．I'd like to go with you ，__but__ I'm too busy.3．I could speak neither French __nor__ Chinese ，but luckily I could talk with them in English. 4．Smile at the world ，__and__ the world will smile back to you.5．The flight was delayed by the storm ，__so__ the passengers had to wait at the airport.从属连词从属连词主要用来引导宾语从句和状语从句。
第31课时 介词和连词(一)介词介词是一种虚词，表示名词、代词等与句中其他词的关系，在句中不能单独作句子成分。
介词后面一般有名词、代词或动名词等作它的宾语(如果是人称代词，则要用宾格)，介词和它的宾语构成介词短语，在句中作状语、表语或定语等。
对于介词的考查主要涉及以下考点：1．表示时间、地点、方位、方式的介词的基本用法； 2．介词的固定搭配。
表示时间的介词1．at ，in 与on,2．from ，since 与for3.before 与after4．until 与during【即时训练】1．Her birthday is __in__ winter ，the most beautiful season in a year. 2．The concert is__at__ three o'clock __on__ the afternoon of December 18th. 3．I've had this mobile phone __for__ three years.4．I studied __until__ midnight last night so I'm very tired now. 5．Teachers' Day is __on__ September 10.表示地点、方位的介词1．at 与in2.in ，to 与on3.over ，above ，on ，under 与below4.in front of与in the front of5.between与among6.across，through，over与past7.其他方位介词【即时训练】1．Jim lives __in__ a small village and the air there is very fresh.2．Taiwan lies __to__ the east of Fujian，__in__ the southeast of China.3．Oh，my god! I've left my keys in the room.I'll have to get in __through__ the window. 4．The plane is flying__above__ the clouds.5．He arrived__at__ the station at ten.表示方式的介词【即时训练】用适当的方式介词填空。
第二篇中考语法专项第32课状语从句课堂突破概念用来修饰主句中的动词、副词和形容词的从句叫状语从句。
根据其含义，状语从句可分为时间状语从句、条件状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、比较状语从句、目的状语从句、让步状语从句、地点状语从句和方式状语从句。
分类时间状语从句1. 时间状语从句常用when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as等连词来引导。
如：It was raining hard when we got to school yesterday．昨天我们到学校的时候，雨下得很大。
2. 在时间状语从句里，通常不用将来时态，而用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。
如：I’ll ring you up as soon as I get to New York．我一到纽约就给你打电话。
3. 在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“一直到……时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词；如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到……才……；在……以前不……”，谓语动词可用瞬间性动词。
如：①The young man read till the light went out．这个年轻人看书一直到熄灯。
②The young man didn’t go to bed until his mother came back.这年轻人直到他妈妈回来才去睡觉。
条件状语从句1. 条件状语从句通常由if，unless引导。
如：What shall we do if it snows tomorrow? 如果明天下雪，我们该做什么？2. 在条件状语从句里，谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。
如：I’ll helpyou with your English if I am free tomorrow．如果我明天有空，我会帮助你学习英语的。
第40课时状语从句Ⅰ.用适当的连词填空1．Dr Bethune(白求恩) came to China__when__ he was fifty.2．He began to work__as__soon__as__ he got there.3．Let's begin our meeting__as__ everyone is here.4．I like the English people，__though/although__ I don't like their food.5．__Wherever__ you go in China，you can see smiling faces.6．He didn't come to the lecture，__because__he was very busy.7．__Si nce__ we had enough time，we walked to the cinema.8．They will help you__whenever__ you meet with difficulty.9．__Since__ we came to the university，we have learnt quite a lot.10．I didn't join them yesterday evening __because__ I had to go to an important meeting.11．We would try to get a car __so__that__ we could all travel together more easily.12．She wouldn't forget her mother's birthday __though/although__ she seldom wrote to her fami ly.13．__Even__if__ you lock all the doors，he can still manage to get in.14．The boy was so tired __that__ he fell asleep on the bus.15．__Before__ you have a meal，you shoul d wash your hands.16．I know why he did that__after__he told me the truth.Ⅱ.句型转换。
定语从句1I. 定语从句引导词定语从句起了形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词。
被修饰的词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用，二是在从句中担当一个成分，并与先行词保持数的一致。
IV.定语从句与其它从句（句型）的区别2一、单项选择1. Could you tell me the result of the discussion ________ you had made in the meeting just now?A. whoB. whenC. howD. that2. As we all know, a doctor is a person ________ looks after people’s health.A. whoB. whoseC. whichD. whom3. —The 5G technology can help doctors treat patients ________ are hundreds of kilometers away.—It’s really amazing.A. whatB. whomC. whoseD. who4. —Look! That is the woman ________ I met yesterday.—Oh? She’s my aunt.A. whatB. whomC. whereD. when5. Is this the machine ________ can help the disabled people?A. whoB. whichC. whatD. when6. The man ________ is wearing a blue hat is my father.A. whomB. whoseC. whoD. what7. —Do you know who Su Bingtian is?—Yes, he is a famous runner ________ set the new Asian record of 9.83 second in men’s 100-meter race at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics.A. whoB. whomC. whoseD. which8. — Do you know the girl ________ is helping the old woman?—Oh, that’s my sister.A. whomB. whoseC. whoD. which9. We need a guide ________ can speak English well.A. whichB. whoC. whatD. whom10. Have you watched the movie ________ is about the aliens?A. whoB. whatC. whomD. which11. It’s an organization ________ can help poor children.A. whoB. whichC. whereD. when12. Is this the girl _________ you met yesterday?A. whomB. whoseC. whichD. what13. We follow ________ that car has left in the grass.A. markB. markingC. the marksD. to mark14. I’m one of those people ________ must leave h ometowns for the big cities where they work.A. whichB. whomC. whoD. whose15. —We teenager should look up to the heroes _______ try to protect our country.—I think so.A. whatB. whichC. whoD. whose16. — Have you heard of Chen Xiangrong from Pingnan, Fujian Province?— Yes, he is a hero _________ guarded our nation.A. whatB. whoC. whomD. which17. —Have you watched the TV play “Like a Flowing River”?—Yes. It’s the most popular TV play ________ makes people know about the reform and opening-up policy.A. whereB. thatC. whatD. whom18. —Wang Yaping is the pride of our country!—Yes! She is the first woman astronaut ________ taught us science at the space ship.A. whereB. whomC. whoD. which19. —These days, many kids are very interested in the song Lonely Warriors. Why?—Maybe they think it’s a song ________ has great lyrics and rhrhythm.A. whichB. whoC. whereD. what20. Now China is one of the few nations _________ can produce a large number of COVID-19 vaccines (疫苗).A. thatB. whoC. whereD. when21. —What kind of job do you like?—Oh, I prefer the job ________ can make our city more beautiful.A. whatB. whichC. whoseD. who22. —We are proud of the great changes ________ our country has had these years.—Yes, so many villages have taken on a new look.A. thatB. whatC. whoD. where23. —At present young people prefer WeChat to keep in touch with their friends.—Yes. It seems to be the best way of communication ________ people like.A. whichB. whatC. whoD. that24. The unforgettable experience ________ we had in the summer camp makes us grow up.A. whoB. whoseC. whichD. whom25. — Do you like the novel?— Yes, I do. It is the first one ________ I have read three times.A. whoB. whenC. thatD. this26. The boy ________ is playing soccer is the volunteer. He helped a lot.A. whoB. whomC. whoseD. which27. The CD ________ my uncle bought for me as a birthday gift is my favorite.A. whichB. whoC. whatD. whose28. Many people here like this beautiful park ________ is full of colorful flowers.A. whoB. whereC. whichD. what29. I like books ________ are about powerful and successful people.A. whoseB. whatC. whoD. which30. I really admire those volunteers ________ can offer to help people in trouble.A. whoB. whichC. whomD. what31. — I heard that AECM（抗疫表彰会）was held in Lanzhou on April 26th.— Yes. I really look up to those heroes in Gansu ________ have made great achievements（成就）A. whoB. whichC. whereD. whose32. —Jenny, I talked back to my mother last night. What should I do?—You are supposed to say sorry. Parents are the people ________ love you ________ in the world.A. who; betterB. who; mostC. whom; betterD. whom; most33. —Do you know Zhang Guimei ________ was honored as one of the “People Who MovedC hina”?—Yes, she created the first free high school for girls in mountain areas and has helped more than 1,800 students to go to college.A. whichB. whoseC. whomD. who34. Chances belong to those ________ keep trying. As long as you keep working hard, y ou’ll get a big success sooner or later.A. whoB. thatC. whomD. which35. Y uan Longping is one of the greatest scientists ________ I respect a lot.A. whyB. whichC. whatD. that36. —Do you admire Dr. Zhang Wenhong?—Of course! He is a kind-hearted doctor ________ is professional and humorous.A. whomB. whichC. whoD. where37. —Have you found the mobile phone _________ you lost in the taxi yesterday?—Not yet. I’ll have to buy a new one.A. whichB. whatC. whoD. where38. —Mom is waiting. Can we set off now?—Just a minute. I can’t find the shoes ________ I bought last week.A. thatB. whoC. whatD. who39. This is the first birthday gift ________ I received. I’ve kept it many years.A. thatB. whoC. whatD. which40. Curling(冰壶)is a winter sport ________ is getting more and more popular in China.A. whoB. whatC. whereD. which二、短文填空1Mildred often stepped （踩）on the back of my shoe as we walked home after school. Then, my shoe was off and when I stopped to __41__ my shoe on, Mildred would hit me on the backquickly and run away. I was angry and scared, so I told my mom the whole story. __42__, my mom told me not to worry and said that she had a plan.The next morning, my mom walked to school with __43__. Just as we got to school, we __44__ Mildred. “Hello, Mildred,” my mom said quietly. Mildred stopped, looking at us. Her face turned red. Her oversized coat was open. There were only two buttons（纽扣）on it.My mother didn’t say anything __45__ first. Instead, she butt oned up Mildred’s coat and turned the collar（衣领）up around her neck. “I’m Amy’s mother. I need your help, Mildred.” My mother held Mildred’s hands as she spoke. Amy doesn’t have any brothers or __46__. She needs __47__ good friend at school. Would you be h er friend. Mildred?”Mildred was __48__ because she didn’t think my mother would speak these words. After making sure she didn’t hear wrong, she gave a quick nod. “Oh, thank you!” my mother said. Then she hugged（拥抱）us __49__ left as if nothing had happened.I saw that Mildred was smiling I’d never seen her smile before.I didn’t understand my mom’s __50__ at that time. But now, I came to know her message: Love never fails.2用适当的词完成下面的短文，每个空只能填写一个形式正确、语义相符的单词。
第40课时状语从句在复合句中用作状语的从句叫状语从句。
根据其表达的意思可分为时间、原因、条件、结果、目的、让步、地点、比较、方式等类型。
对于状语从句的考查主要涉及以下考点：1．状语从句的引导词(表原因、时间、条件、让步、目的、结果等)；2．状语从句的时态。
状语从句的引导词类型引导词例句时间状语从句when/while/as(当……时)，before(在……之前)，after(在……之后)，since(自从)，not…until(直到……才)，assoon as(一……就……)I was doing my homeworkwhen my mother came in.当妈妈进来的时候我正在做作业。
We didn't get off the busuntil it stopped.直到公交车停了我们才下车。
原因状语从句because(因为)，since(既然)，as(由于)I like eating apples because it's good for my health.我喜欢吃苹果因为它有益于我的健康。
条件状语从句if(如果)，unless(除非，如果不)，as long as(只要) You won't，就不会通过考试。
结果状语从句so that(结果是)，so/such… that…(如此……以至于)，以至于不能继续走了。
目的状语从句so that/ in order that(以便；为了) Miss Lin speaks loudly so that all the students can hear her clearly.林老师高声讲话以便所有的学生都能要注意的几点：(1)because与so，although/though与but不能同时用在句中。
(2)if，when都可引导宾语从句和状语从句，但意义不同，具体如下：(3)so… that…，such… that…与so that的用法区别，以至于错过了飞机。
浙江省2018年中考英语总复习课后练习：课后练习32状语从句课后练习32 状语从句温馨提示：为满足部分老师批改时的评估需要，本课时的题量已按满分100分来设置，请需要的老师自行规划。
一、用适当的连词（词组）填空1. She was moved by the risks they face, Savannch made 200 thank-you cards for them.2. You can do everything well you put your heart into it.3. I haven’t heard from him he went to America.4. We won’t give up we have failed ten times.5. I’ll tell her about the important news I see her.6. He got a job at the airport he’d left school.7. all of them were reading in the classroom, a boy ran into it quickly.8. Were you writing the teacher came in?9. years go by, China is getting stronger and richer.10. He didn’t go to bed he finished all his work.11. There are heavy clouds in the sky it is going to rain.二、用方框中所给词或词组的适当形式填空，每个词或词组限用一次wherever even though finish no matter how as soon as1. —Will you go to the movies with me?—Not until have I my homework.2. well you drive, you must drive carefully.3. I will never forget that terrible accident it happened so long ago.4. you go, you can always get help from others.5. He will come here right away he hears the news.三、句型转换1. Jack is so short that he can’t reach the book on the shelf. （改为同义句）Jack is short to reach the book on the shelf.2. The teacher began his class. All the students were seated. （用not...until合并为一句）The teacher his class all the students were seated.3. Hurry up, or you’ll miss the early bus. （改为同义句）you hurry up, you catch the early bus.4. The children have to stay inside because of the hot weather. （改为状语从句）The children have to stay inside hot.5. Miss Gao wrote a letter to her friend at once after she had got to Shanghai. （改为同义句）Miss Gao a letter to her friend she Shanghai.四、阅读理解（2017·金华市婺城区模拟）In New York City public schools, 176 different languages are spoken among the more than one million students.For 160,000 children, English is not their first language. New York City Department of Education makes learning better for these students by offering dual-language（双语教学的）programs. Students are taught in two languages, English and another one. Maths, social studies, science and all other courses are taught in both languages. And they learn about the culture of the other country.Milady Baez is a leader of New York City Department of Education. She says these dual-language programs will help children succeed in the future. “The jobs of the future require that ▲. They are going to be traveling to foreign countries. They are going to be communicating with people from all over theworld. Learning two languages can open doors for them.”Shuya Zhang teaches a dual-language class. She says the program helps children get ready to work with people in other countries. “Look at our world, America has started economic （经济的）relationships with China. Lots of factories have been built in China. Many companies have moved to China. They need people with skills in both languages.”For Hanna Jiang, she likes to go on learning her first language, Chinese. “I can speak Chinese and l ea rn in Chinese while learning in English. It makes me feel that I am home. So it makes me feel better and understand more about the task I’m learning.”The New York schools also offer dual-language programs in seven other languages. There are plans to add even more languages in the future.（）1. The students at these schools can not only enjoy dual-language teaching, but also .A. improve their English skills.B. share their languages with othersC. learn about the culture of the other countryD. help others to learn more new words（）2. Which of the following can be put in the ▲?A. our students learn English wellB. our students know more than one languageC. the students go abroad to studyD. the students know their first language well（）3. What are the advantages of dual-language teaching for the development of China’s economy?A. It makes workers have a high level of skills.B. It is making English more popular in China.C. It encourages a good relationship between countries.D. It helps in the development of industry（行业）and the ability of the workers.（）4. What can you infer from the passage?A. Students should learn English after class.B. Students should learn only in their first language.C. Young students are not suited（适合）to learning English.D. Dual-language teaching will be very popular in the future.五、根据短文内容和所给汉语提示，在空白处写出单词的正确形式。
