英语情态动词用法总结(完整)

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A.should have avoidedB.should be avoided
C.could have avoidedD.could have been avoided
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查“情态动词+完成式”。句意:如果愤怒的女乘客和巴士司机保持冷静,这起导致15人死亡的事故本来是可以避免的。could have done“本来能做而没有做”,且句子主语The accident和谓语动词avoid之间是被动关系,结合句意可知答案为D。
5、should作为情态动词,可以用来表示有较大可能实现的猜测、推论,通常译为“可能”、“总该……吧”,相当于be expected to。例如:They should be home by now, I think.我想现在他们总该到家了吧。
6、should作为情态动词,用在由so that, for fear that, lest引导的目的状语从句和in case(that)引导的条件状语从句中,有“能够”、“可能”、“会”之意。例如:They got up early so that they should(= could/ might)catch the first bus in time.
6.One of our rules is that every student _______ wear school uniform while at school.
A.mightB.could
C.shallD.will
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查情态动词辨析。句意:我们其中一条规则要求每个学生在校期间都要穿校服。shall可以表示“命令,警告,强制要求;允诺;法律,规定要做……”,结合句意可知C正确。
must have done用法辨析
must have done:表示对过去的肯定的逻辑推测,推定某件事情、动作或状态可能在过去发生过(存在过)。
He must have been a doctor, for he knows medicine so well.他过去肯定是一位医生,他对医学如此了解。
A.WouldB.Shall
A.should theyB.they should
C.dare theyD.they dare
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查部分倒装和情态动词。句意:这位教授警告学生们,在他的课堂上,决不应该使用手机。on no account意为“决不”,否定词放在句首,句子使用部分倒装,排除B、D项;这里表示应该,故选A。
9.—________ the woman with the baby come over? We have a seat here.
—Thank you, sir. Actually I do have my seat here. But my baby likes to look out of the window.
I guess the poet would have been about twenty when she wrote her first poem.
Another worker wouldn't have acted like that.
3.It is really cold and the ground is wet; it ________ have rained last night.
中国学生的常见病句是:They...; they certainly have arrived.病句的句义是“他们当然已经到达了。”(这不是对过去的肯定推测,而是断定动作已经完成。)
4.—It’s really great to have a computer to store my photos.
He oughtn't to / shouldn't have done that.他本来就不该做那件事.(可是做了)
6.“would+have+过去分词”表示对过去的某种情况进行猜测,或本来要做某事却因某种原因未做成,通常用来说明某一情况,但不像用should或ought to那样含有责备之意。如:
3.“may / might + have +过去分词”表示对已发生的动作或存在的状态进行不肯定的推测,might的语气比may弱一点。这种结构主要用于肯定句和否定句,疑问句改用can或could。如:They may not have known it beforehand.
4.“need + have +过去分词”表示过去做了不必做或不需要做的事情,或过去做某事纯属多余。如:I needn't have bought so much wine—only five people came.
【点睛】
情态动词+ have done结构:
1.“must + have +过去分词”表示对过去发生的事情或状态进行推测,语气比较坚定,通常只用于肯定句。如:It must have rained last night,for the ground is wet.
2.“can / could + have +过去分词”表示对过去某种情况的怀疑或不确定。can和could一般用于否定句和疑问句,could的语气较can弱。如:He can't have finished the work so soon.
考查情态动词。句意:我们不应该把拥有洁净的饮用水看作是理所当然的。也许有一天,我们会用完它。shouldn't“不应该”,符合句意。needn't不必;can't不可能;won't将不。故选D。
2.The accident which left 15 people on board dead ________ if both the angry female passenger and the bus driver had kept calm.
A.mightB.must
C.canD.should
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查情态动词辨析。句意:天气很冷而且地面是湿的,昨晚一定下了雨。根据上文the ground is wet可知,“昨晚下了雨”是肯定的,故用must have done“必定做了……”表示对过去十分有把握的推测,故选B。
【点睛】
英语情态动词用法总结(完整)
一、单项选择情态动词
1.We ________ take clean drinking water for granted. One day we may run out of it.
A.needn'tB.can't
C.won'tD.shouldn't
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
7.It wasn’t right to me that such near neighborsnot know one another.
A.couldB.would
C析】
【详解】
考查情态动词。句意:对我来说,很不正常,如此近的邻居居然不认识。A. could可能,能够;B. would将;C. should竟然;D. might可能,也许。should作为情态动词,可以用来表示意外、惊喜或者在说话人看来是不可思议的,常常译为"竟会"、"居然",住的这么近的邻居居然不认识。表示意外,所以答案选C。
3、should作为情态动词,可以表示谦逊、客气、委婉之意,译为“可……”、“倒……”。例如:I should say that it would be better to try it again.
4、should作为情态动词,可以用来表示意外、惊喜或者在说话人看来是不可思议的.尤其在以why, who, how等开头的修辞疑问句或某些感叹句中常常译为“竟会”、“居然”。例如:How should I know it ?我怎么会知道这件事?
Somebody must have stolen the ring.肯定有人偷了这枚戒指. [该句所推断的偷窃动作发生在过去.]
The temperature must have dropped to below zero last night, because the water is frozen all over.昨夜的温度肯定降到零度以下,因为水都冻住了。
5.“should / ought to + have +过去分词”表示过去本该做某事但没做,其否定式表示过去不该做某事但做了,这种句式含有不满或责备之意,ought to的语气比should强一些。如:
You ought to / should have studied harder.你本应该更努力学习的.(但没有)
如果“must + have +过去分词”句型与by now连用,还可以表示对现在完成的动作和状态的肯定推测,但实质上还是指所推测的过去的动作。例如:
They started early this morning; they must have arrived by now.他们今晨很早就出发了,现在肯定已经到了。
—Don’t count on it too much. It ________ break down and you’d better make a copy of them.
A.mustB.can
C.shouldD.will
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查情态动词。句意:——有一台计算机来储存照片真是太棒了。——不要过度依赖它。它有时候也会出故障,你最好做一个备份。计算机出故障这是可能的事情,表示客观可能性用can。must肯定,必须;should应该;will表意愿。故B选项正确。