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动词
动词是表示动作或状态的词，在句子中做谓语。动词的基本形式：动词原形、过去式、现
在分词和过去分词。
（3种结构）
表示经常性、习惯性的动作；或普遍真理、客观事实；或某种状态。
“主·谓·（宾）”结构
Peter always spends too much time playing computer games.
Alice usually goes to school by bus in the morning.
I like listening to classical music.
“There· be”结构
There is a map on the wall. There are some birds in the sky.
“主·系·表”结构
It’s very cold today. The earth is bigger than the moon.
My father is a teacher.
动词第三人称单数
表示发生在过去的动作。在一般过去时的句子中, 动词必须用过去式.
规则变化
不规则变化（参考课本）
一般过去时常见的提示: yesterday; the day before yesterday; last（week/ month/ year/Sunday --）
this ---；just now； --- ago; after ---; when --- 等等。
注：当谓语动词是行为动词时，肯定句用动词的过去式表达，构成疑问句或否定句时，需借
助did或didn’t构成，谓语动词要还原成原形。例如：
I went to the zoo yesterday.
My mother didn’t go to the park last weekend.
Did Jim come to see you last night?
.
表示目前正在发生或进行的动作。（只有延续性动词有进行时；非延续性动词没有进行时）
主语 + 系动词（am / is / are ）+ 现在分词
现在分词的构成
现在进行时的标志：Look； Listen； now； at the moment / at present
Look. Alice is reading a magazine over there.
Listen. Peter is singing a Chinese song.
Alice is talking to Peter now.
I’m learning Japanese at the moment.
特殊情况：非延续性动词没有进行时，它们的现在分词形式表示将来时。
主语 + ( am / is / are ) + 非延续性动词的现在分词：表示将来时。
I’m going to school now.
Mary is leaving for New York soon.
Spring Festival is coming.
I’m arriving in Beijing.
表示在过去的某时正在发生或进行的动作。
主语 + 系动词（was / were ）+ 现在分词
David was doing his homework at 8 o’clock yesterday.
I was doing my homework at his time yesterday.
Tom was having breakfast when Mary called him.
表示将要发生的动作，或计划或打算作某事。
主语 + will + 动词原形
主语 + ( am / is / are ) + going to + 动词原形
主语 + ( am / is / are ) + 非延续性动词的现在分词：
例如：
I will tell you the good news.
John is going to visit Hangzhou next week.
My father is coming to Qingdao tomorrow.
一般将来时常见的提示:
tomorrow; the day after tomorrow; next week; in the future; in three days; this evening, soon, at the end of this term
一般将来时的用法
1.表示将来的动作或状态。例如：
We will get to Shanghai tomorrow.
2.在“祈使句+and/or+句子”这个结构中，“句子”用一般将来时。例如：
Get up early, and you will catch the early bus.
Hurry up, or you will be late for school.
“be going to+动词原形”与“will+动词原形”
be going to和will在一般情况下可以互换，但是在下列情况下将来时要用will。
表示在过去的某时计划或打算作某事。 ( 间接引语 / 宾语从句 )
主语 + would + 动词原形
主语 + ( was / were ) + going to + 动词原形
主语 + ( was / were ) +非延续动词的动名词
例如：
I thought you would help the old man.
Mary was going to take part in this meeting.
He said he was leaving for Hong Kong.
含义：现在完成时表示“过去的动作对现在所造成的结果或影响”.
汉语译文中经常含有“已经”、“曾经”、“还没有”等词语.
构成：主语 + have / has + 过去分词例如：
I have seen this movie before. (结果：我了解这部影片的内容 )
He has had a good education. (结果：他的知识水平很高 )
现在完成时常见的标志:
so far / up to now ; recently ; in recent years ; before ; in the past …/ in the last … / over the past … / over the last …
since / for: 既可以用于“现在完成时”, 也可以用于“现在完成进行时”.
already / yet / ever / never / before: 既可以用于“现在完成时”, 也可以用于“过
去完成时”.
I have already finished the work. / I have just finished the work.
Have you finished the work yet ?
I haven’t finished my work yet.
延续性动词与非延续性动词
延续性动词可以接一段时间；
非延续性动词后面不能接一段时间, 如果要接一段时间, 就必须把非延续性动词替换成
相应的延续性动词.
come -- be here He came here two hours ago.
He has been here for two hours.
go -- be out/ be away They went out an hour ago.
They have been out for an hour.
