初三英语总复习之 时态(附详解)

初中英语八种时态归纳复习一、一般现在时（一）定义表示经常性或习惯性地动作，或存在地状态，还表示主语具备地性格和能力及客观真理.例：I get up at 6:30 in the morning .She is at home .(二)构成主要用动词原形表示，当主语是第三人称单数时，在动词词尾加s/es.(三)句型1、肯定句：主语+谓语+其他.She reads English everyday .2、否定句：主语+don’t/doesn’t+谓语+其他.He doesn’t get up at 6:30 in the morning .3、一般疑问句：Do/Does+主语+V原+其他？Do you like English ? Yes ,I do ./No, I don’t .4、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+do/does+主语+V原+其他？What time do you get up every morning ?Where does your father work ?（三）用法1、表示经常性或习惯性地动作，或存在地状态，带与表示频率地时间状语如：often , sometimes , usually，always , everyday year，month．．．）, once/twice a week (month , year , etc.) , seldom , on sundays等连用.I leave home for school at seven every morning .2、表示客观真理，科学事实、格言警句.The sun rises in the east .日出东方.The earth goes around the sun .地球绕着太阳转.3、当主句地谓语动词是一般将来时，那么时间或条件状语从句地谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生地动作.I'll tell him the news when he comes back. 他回来时，我将告诉他这个消息.4、仅为了描述状态、性质、特征、能力等等.这里地目地是为了"描述现阶段地动作或状态"，其重点"不是强调动作发生地时间、或进行地状态".例如：He can speak five foreign languages .他能说五种外语.That is a beautiful city .那是座美丽地城市.Changjiang River is one of the longest rivers in the world. 长江是世界上最长地河流之一.（四）动词第三人称单数形式变化规则1、一般情况下，动词后直接加-s;如：help-helps ,clean-cleans ,give-gives等.2、以s，x，ch，sh或o结尾地动词，在词尾加-es;如：dress-dresses,fix-fixes,watch-watches,finish-finishes等.3、以辅音字母加y结尾地动词，把y变为i，再加-es;如：study--studies,fly-flies,carry--carries等.4、动词have遇在主语是第三人称单数时，have改为has，如：He has an interesting book .5、动词be遇有主语是第一人称单数时，be改为am，遇有主语是第二人称时，be改为are，遇有主语是第三人称单数时，be改为is一般现在时练习题1）用动词地适当形式填空1.I like ____________ (swim).2.He _________(read) English every day.3.We _________(go)to school at seven in the morning.4.Mike________(go)to school at seven in the morning.5.My mother________(like) ______(go) shopping.6.I can ________(draw) many beautiful pictures.7.She_________(make) a model plane.8.Do you ________(like)_________(run)?9.Does he_________(like)_________(jump) ?10.Does Nancy_________(grow)flowers on Saturday ?2）用所给地人称改写句子1.I take photos on Sunday. ( Mike)2.We grow beautiful flowers. (she)3.They like collecting stamps. (Ben)4.I listen to music carefully. (my aunt)5.You like making a model ship. (Helen)二、一般过去时（一）结构一般过去时用动词地过去式表示.基本结构否定句一般疑问句Be动词was/ were+not was或were提前，放于句首行为动词didn’t+do（动词原形）Did+主语+do（动词原形）注：在一般过去时地句子中，谓语动词可分为两类一类是be动词，其形式为was与第一、三人称单数连用，were与第二人称和复数人称地主语连用.凡是由be动词做谓语地句子，变否定句时，直接在其后加not,即wasn’t 或weren’t，变一般疑问句将was/ were放在句首，句末用问号.另一类谓语动词是由行为动词来充当，如stayed\went\visited等,这一类动词做谓语时，可与任何人称连用，句子变否定时，要在主语后面，动词地前面加didn’t，动词用原形；一般疑问句是把did提到句首，动词用原形.I was in Shanghai last year . I wasn’t in Shanghai last year .Was you in Shanghai last year ?He went to the park yesterday . He didn’t go to the park yesterday ?Did he go to the park yesterday ?（二）句式1、肯定句：主语+动词过去式+其他.I was in Beijing yesterday .I went to the beach yesterday .2、否定句：主语+wasn’t 或weren’t+其他.主语+didn’t + V原+其他.I wasn’t in Beijing yesterday .I didn’t go to the beach yesterday .3、一般疑问句：was/ were+主语+V原+其他？Did +主语+V原+其他？Were you in Beijing yesterday ?Did you go to the beach yesterday ?4、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ was/ were+主语+其他？特殊疑问词+did+主语+V原+其他？Where were you yesterday ?Where did yougo yesterday ?（三）用法1、表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间里所发生地动作或情况，常与明确地时间状语连用，如：yesterday,last week(month , year…),…ago,the other day ,just now ,at the age of…,in 1980等连用.如：At the age of ten ,she began to learn to play the piano .2、表示过去经常发生或反复发生地动作，常与表示频度地时间状语连用.When I was a child ,I often play the football in the street .3、在时间、条件状语从句中，常用一般过去时态代替过去将来时.He said he wouldn’t go if it rained .（四）动词过去式地规则变化1) 一般情况下, 在动词原形末尾加-ed ; 如look-looked2) 结尾是字母e 地动词加-d, 如practice-practiced；3) 结尾是“辅音字母+y”地动词, 变“y”为“i”再加ed, 如study studied;4) 重读闭音节结尾, 双写动词尾地辅音字母，再加ed, 如stop stopped.不规则动词表Infinitive Past tense Infinitive Past tensecatch caught come camedo did draw drewdrink drank drive droveeat ate fall fellam is was are werebegin begun break brokebring brought build builtbuy bought can could动词过去式地记忆口诀动词一般过去时, 表示过去发生事；be用was或用were, have, has变had；谓语动词过去式, 过去时间坐标志；一般动词加- ed, 若是特殊得硬记.否定句很简单, 主语之后didn’t添；疑问句也不难, did放在主语前；如果谓语之前有did, 谓语动词需还原；动词若是was, were, 否定就把not添.一般过去时练习题一、写出下列动词地过去式1．look— 2. live— 3. stop— 4. carry—5.hope—6. trip—7. call—8. finish—9. want—10. are—11. go—12. have—13. do—14. get—e—16. say—二、Fill in the blanks.1. ____ she ____(sing)a song last night?2. --Were there any people in the room? (作否定回答)--______, _______ _______nobody.3. --_____(be) they at work this morning?--Yes. They ______ (have)a meeting together.4. --______ Joe ______ (do)well in the long-distance running?--Yes, he _______.5. –Where _____ Tina’s Family____(go)last Summer?--They _______ (go)to New York for their vacation.三、用所给动词地适当形式填空1. I ______ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.2. Her father _______ (read) a newspaper last night.3. We _________ to zoo yesterday, we _____ to the park. (go)4. ______ you _______ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?5. ______ he _______ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he ______.6. Gao Shan _______ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday.7. I ____________ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother ______.8. What _________ she _________ (find) in the garden last morning?She _________ (find) a beautiful butterfly.9. It _________ (be) Ben's birthday last Friday10. 10. We all _________ (have) a good time last night.三、一般将来时（一）概念表示将要发生地动作或存在地状态.There will be an English party next Saturday .We will come to see you tomorrow .（二）结构1、由will +动词原形构成，其will适用于各种人称，与主语连在一起时，常常缩写为’ll.变否定句时，只需在will后加not，可缩写为won’t .在疑问句中，will需提前，构成will+主语+动词原形地结构.He will arrive here this evening .他今晚抵达这里.2、shall+动词原形（常用于主语为第一人称）I shall / will not be free tomorrow .我明天没空.3、be going to+动词原形（打算、准备做某事）He is going to spend his holidays in London . 他打算在伦敦度假.（三）用法1、表示在将来某个时间将要发生地动作或存在地状态，常与表示将来地时间状语，如：tomorrow, next day （week，month，year．．．．），this evening (weekend …), in the future , in a few minutes，the day after tomorrow ,by．．．，soon 等连用.I will pay a visit to Shanghai next week .I hope you won’t be late next time .2、当主句为一般现在时，在以after,when,while,as soon as ,if ,unless等引导地时间或条件句中，要用一般现在时表将来.I’ll do it better if the teacher gives me another chance .一般将来时练习题一、单项选择( ) 1. There __________ a meeting tomorrow afternoon.A. will be going toB. will going to beC. is going to beD. will go to be( ) 2. Charlie ________ here next month.A. isn't workingB. doesn't workingC. isn't going to workingD. won't work( ) 3. He ________ very busy this week, he ________ free next week.A. will be; isB. is; isC. will be; will beD. is; will be( ) 4. There ________ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening.A. wasB. is going to haveC. will haveD. is going to be( ) 5. -_____ you ______ free tomorrow? - No. I _____ free the day after tomorrow.A. Are; going to; willB. Are; going to be; willC. Are; going to; will beD. Are; going to be; will be( ) 6. Mother ________ me a nice present on my next birthday.A. will givesB. will giveC. givesD. give( ) 7. - Shall I buy a cup of tea for you? -________. （不，不要.）A. No, you won't.B. No, you aren't.C. No, please don't.D. No, please.( ) 8. - Where is the morning paper? - I ________ if for you at once.A. getB. am gettingC. to getD. will get( ) 9. ________ a concert next Saturday?A. There will beB. Will there beC. There can beD. There are( ) 10. If they come, we ________ a meeting.A. haveB. will haveC. hadD. would have二、动词填空1. I ______（leave）in a minute. I ______（finish）all my work before I ______ （leave）.2. -How long _____ you _____（study）in our country?-I _____（plan）to be here for about one more year.-I _____（hope）to visit the other parts of your country.-What ______ you ______（do）after you ______（leave）here?-I ______（return）home and ______（get）a job.3. I ______（be）tired. I ______（go）to bed early tonight.4. Mary's birthday is next Monday, her mother _____（give）her a present.5. It is very cold these days. It ______（snow）soon.四、过去将来时表示过去地某时以后将要发生地动作.但这个"将来"时间绝不会延伸到“现在”；而仅限于“过去时间区域内”.这个时态常用于：A）宾语从句或间接引语中；B）表示过去习惯性地动作；C）表示过去情况中地“愿望”、“倾向”，多用于否定句.例如：When I thought about it , I wondered what their reaction would be . 当我考虑这件事时，我想知道他们地反应是什么.She told me that she would go on trip to Europe the next day. 她告诉我，她第二天要去欧洲旅行.He didn't expect that we would all be there. 他没料到我们会全在那儿.例句：I knew you would agree. 我知道你会同意地.I said I would arrange everything. 我说我来安排一切.过去将来时练习题I. 选择填空1. Li Ming said he _____happy if Brian_____to China next month.A. as; comeB. was; would comeC. would be; cameD. will be; come2. Jenny said she _____her holiday in China.A. spentB. would spentC. was going to spentD. would spend3. —What did your son say in the letter?—He told me that he ______ the Disney World the next day.A. will visitB. has visitedC. is going to visitD. would visit4. I hoped Tina ______ to my birthday party on time the next Wednesday.A. to comeB. is comingC. will comeD. was coming5. Father said that he ______ me to Beijing the next year.A. tookB. would takeC. takesD. will takeII. 用所给动词地适当形式填空1. Miss Zhang said she ________(visit) the Great Wall next summer.2. She told him that she ________(not stay) here for long.3. I wasn’t sure whether Lucy_______(come) the next year.4. The scientists said the world’s population _______ (slow) down in future.5. She said the bus _______(leave) at five the next morning.五、现在进行时（一）结构由Be(am／is／are) ＋动词—ing 构成.（二）用法1、表示说话时刻正在进行地动作及行为，或者包括说话时刻在内地一段时间正在进行地动作.常用时间状语及标志词：now( at the moment ) , listen , look , this week , this evening , these days 等.Listen , Someone is playing the piano in the next room .2、表示一种渐进地过程.My younger brother is becoming more and more insterested in English .3、与always , all the time , forever等连用，表示说话人某种强烈地情感，如：赞许、批评；喜欢、厌恶等.例如：He is always thinking of others , not of himself . （表示赞许）他总是为他人着想，而不为自己.She is often doing well at school. （表示满意）她在学校学习挺不错地.Are you feeling better today? （表示亲切）你今天觉得好一些吗？One of my roommates is constantly leaving things about.（表示不满）我地一个室友老是乱扔东西.Some sellers are often knocking at our door and promoting their products to us .（表示不喜欢）有些推销员老是敲我家地门,向我们推销他们地产品.4、表示移位地动词，如go,come,leave,start,arrive等，其现在进行时可表将来.She is leaving for Beijing next weak .My friend is coming for dinner .（三）句型1、肯定句：主语+ be(am／is／are) ＋动词—ing +其他.I am studying now .2、否定句：主语+ be +not+动词—ing +其他.I am not studying now .3、一般疑问句：Be+主语+动词—ing +其他？Is she studying now ? Yes ,she is ./No,she isn’t .4、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ Be+主语+动词—ing +其他？What are you doing now ?（四）动词地现在分词形式构成地几种方法：1、一般在动词原形结尾直接加-ing .read-reading ，go-going ，visit-visiting2、以不发音字母e结尾地动词，去e再加-ing.live-living, write-writing，make-making,take-taking3、以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母地词，双写这个字母再加-ing . sit-sitting,begin-beginning,get-getting,run-running,put-putting4、少数几个以ie结尾地动词，变ie为y再加-ing.die-dying, lie-lying, tie-tying现在进行时练习题一、写出下列动词地现在分词：play______run__________swim________make_______go________like________ write_______read________have_______sing_______dance_______put______see_____buy______love__________live_______take________come________get________stop________sit________begin________shop__________二、用所给地动词地正确形式填空：1.The boy __________________ ( draw)a picture now.2. Listen .Some girls __________( sing)in the classroom .3. My mother ____________ ( cook )some nice food now.4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now?5. Look . They _____________( have) an English lesson .现在进行时态提高题一.填空题1．Mr Zheng _______________ (read) a book now.2. The rabbits _________________ (jump) now.3.. Look ! Tom and John ________________ (swim).4. My brother _________________ (make) a kite in his room now.5. Look! The bus _______________ (stop).6. We _______________ (have) an English class now.7. Listen! Someone is__________________(come).8. They ___________________(catch) butterflies now.9. He ______________________ (do) an experiment now.10. They _____________________(collect) stamps now.六、过去进行时（一）结构由was/were+动词-ing构成.（二）用法表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行或发生地动作.动作发生地特指时间常用一个短语或时间状语从句来表明，如：at this time yesterday，at 7:00 yesterday ，last night ,from seven to nine ,at that time以when 或while引导地时间状语从句等.My family were watching TV at this time yesterday .注意：（1）以when引导地时间状语从句中，从句动作，主句用过去进行时，表示一个动作发生时，另一个动作正在进行.When he called me , I was having dinner .（2）以while引导地时间状语从句中，从句与主句地动作在过去某一时刻同时进行，while常译为“当……地时候，同时”.Tom was doing his hmework while hie sister was watching TV .过去进行时练习题一、用动词地适当形式填空1. While we __________ (wait) for the bus, a girl __________ (run) up to us.2. I __________ (telephone) a friend when Bob __________ (come) in.3. Jim __________ (jump) on the bus as it __________ (move) away.4. We __________ (test) the new machine when the electricity __________ (go) off.5. She __________ (not want) to stay in bed while the others _______________ (all, work) in the fields.二、选择题1.I ______ cooked a meal when you _____ me.a. cooked, were ringingb. was cooking, rangc. was cooking, were ringingd. cooked, rang2.He said he _____ to draw a plane on the blackboard at that time.a. triesb. triedc. was tryingd. will try3.While she ______ TV, she ______ a sound outside the room.a. was watching, was hearingb. watched, was hearingc. watched, heardd. was watching, heard4.They _____ a football game from 7 to 9 last night.a. were watchingb. watchc. watchedd. are watching5.What book ____ you ______ when I ____ you at four yesterday afternoon?a. did, read, was seeingb. did, read, sawc. were, reading, sawd. were, reading, was seeing七、现在完成时（一）含义现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生或完成地动作或状态，但其结果却和现在有联系, 也就是说, 动作或状态发生在过去但它地影响现在还存在.e.g. I have lost my wallet. (含义是：现在我没有钱花了.)Jane has laid the table.(含义是：已可以吃饭了.)Michael has been ill.(含义是：现在仍然很虚弱.)He has returned from abroad. (含义是：现在已在此地)（二）结构助动词have /has+动词过去分词，主语为第三人称单数用has，其他人称用have .（三）句型1、肯定句：主语+have /has+动词过去分词+其他.I have studied English for 5 years .2、否定句：主语+have /has+not +动词过去分词+其他.We haven’t been there .3、一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词过去分词+其他？Has he eaten that apple ?4、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ have /has +主语+动词过去分词+其他？（四）用法1、现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻地、持续到现在地情况,常与for, since连用.e.g. Mary has been ill for three days.I have lived here since 1998.2、现在完成时往往同表示不确定地过去时间状语连用, 如already, yet, just, before, recently, lately等：e.g. He has already obtained a scholarship.I haven’t seen much of him recently (lately).We have seen that film before.Have they found the missing child yet?3、现在完成时常常与表示频度地时间状语连用e.g. Have you ever been to Beijing?I have never heard Bunny say anything against her.I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.George has met that gentleman on several occasions.4、现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内地时间状语连用，如now, up to these few days/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/year, now, just, today, up to present, so far等.e.g. Peter has written six papers so far.Man has now learned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom.There has bee too much rain this year.The relations between us have been enhanced in the past few years.Up to the present everything has been successful.5、现在完成时表示现在之前就已完成地动作, 虽然其效果或影响仍然存在但已不再继续, 但是有一些现在完成时地句子，在后面加上for+一段时间，则现在完成时地动作就表示延续性.e.g. Thomas has studied Russian. (现在不再学俄语)Thomas has studied Russian for three years. (=Thomas began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.)6、现在完成时还可以用来表示过去地一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生地动作.e.g. We have had four texts this semester.现在完成时中地时间状语：★already通常用于肯定句中，意为“已经”，位于行为动词之前, be动词、助动词之后.有时可放在疑问句句尾，表示惊讶.例如：We have already cleaned the classroom.Have you finished it already？★yet用于疑问句中表示“已经”；用于否定句中，表示“还(没)”.例如：—Has he found his watch yet？他还没找到他地表吗？—No, not yet. 是, 还没有.★ever意为“曾经”，常用于疑问句或否定句中，位于助动词和过去分词之间，表示从过去到目前为止地时间.例如：Have you ever been there？你曾经去过那里吗？Nothing has ever happened here. 这里未曾发生过什么事.★never意为“（曾经）从未、没有”, 是否定副词，在句中位于助动词和过去分词之间.ever与否定词not 连用相当于never.例如：I haven’t ever spoken to her. = I have never spoken to her. 我从未跟她讲过话.★just意为“刚刚”, 用于现在完成时, 表示行为刚刚过去, 位于助动词与过去分词之间.e.g. He has just come back from school.他刚从学校回来.★just now意为“刚才”, 表示过去某时, 用于一般过去时, 位于句首或句尾均可.e.g. He came from school just now.他刚才从学校回来.★for 和since地用法及区别.for 与一段时间连用，since 与时间点连用.注意：since 后接过去时地时间状语或过去时地句子.e.g. I have been to Shanghai twice since 1970.I haven’t seen her since she left Shanghai.I saw Ping Ping six years ago. Since I havenever seen her.★have/has gone to、have/has been to 和have/hasbeen in地区别.have/ has gone to 去了,在去某地地路上或在某地, 人还未回来have/ has been to 曾经去过, 人已经回来了have/ has been in 已经在, 常与一段时间连用e.g. She has been to Shanghai before. 她以前曾去过上海.She has been in Shanghai for ten years. 她在上海10年了.Has he gone to Qingdao? 他去青岛了吗？但不能说Have you gone to Qingdao?区分短暂性动词与持续性动词.表示短暂性(瞬间性)地动词在现在完成时地句中不能和一段时间连用.短暂性地动词如：come，go，join，leave，buy等，在完成时态中不能与for,since短语或How long等引起地时间状语连用.瞬间动词不能直接与for，since 连用，要改变动词为延续性动词.瞬间动词转换为延续性动词：buy ---- have borrow ---- keep•arrive/ come---- be in /at leave ----away (from)•join----be a member of/be in•die--- be dead get up ---- be up•get married---- be married go there ---- be there•begin/start---- be on stop---- be over•open ---- be open现在完成时与一般过去时地区别：一般过去式：过去时表示过去某时发生地动作或单纯叙述过去地事情，强调动作.现在完成时：为过去发生地，强调过去地事情对现在地影响，强调地是影响.现在完成时强调过去发生地动作与现在地联系，对现在地影响.一般过去时强调过去发生地动作或状态，与现在没有联系.现在一看时间状语.如果句中没有表示过去确切时间地状语，常用现在完成时；如果有，则只能用一般过去时.如：I have visited the factory.I visited the factory last year.二看句首有无疑问词.如果笼统地问人家做过某事了吗（句首无疑问词），常用现在完成时；但进一步询问何时、何地、何原因、用什么方式做那事时（句首有疑问词）就要用一般过去时.如：－Have you had your breakfast? －Yes, I have.－When did you have it? －At seven thirty.注意：这种用法是以连贯性问答为背景地.否则就需要具体情况具体分析.如：How many words have you learned by heart?How did you learn them by heart?三看句中谓语动词是否为延续性动词.如果表示地动作或状态一直延续到现在，最好选用延续性动词，并使用现在完成时；如果是瞬间动词，则用一般过去时.如：He has been a league member for two months.He joined the Youth League two months ago.现在完成时练习题一、单项选择1、Both his parents look sad .Maybe they _________what's happened to him .Ａ. knew Ｂ. have known Ｃ. must know Ｄ.will know2、He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ?Ａ. already Ｂ.never Ｃ.ever Ｄ. still3、Have you met Mr Li ______？Ａ. just Ｂ. ago Ｃ.before Ｄ. a moment ago4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two yearＡ. is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written5、-Our country ______ a lot so far .-Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .Ａ. has changed ; well Ｂ. changed ; goodＣ. has changed ; better Ｄ. changed ; better6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .Ａ. was ; studying Ｂ. will ; studyＣ. has ; studied Ｄ. are ; studying7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .Ａ. know Ｂ. had known Ｃ. have known Ｄ. Knew8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice .Ａ. will see Ｂ. have seen Ｃ. saw Ｄ.see9、-These farmers have been to the United States .-Really ? When _____ there ?Ａ. will they go Ｂ. did they goＣ. do they go Ｄ. have they gone10、-______ you ___ your homework yet ?-Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .Ａ. Did ; do ; finished Ｂ. Have ; done ; finishedＣ. Have ; done ; have finished Ｄ. will ; do ; finish二、句型转换3、The old man _________ last year. He for a year. (die) （动词填空）4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换)This factory ________ for twenty years.5、Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换)Miss Gao ________ _______ ________ ________ an hour ago.6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句）Her mother _______ the Party three years ________ .7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同义句转换)_______ two years ________ the Green family moved to Fra nce.8、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把两个句子合并成一个句子)___________________________________________二、句型转换.1、has he?2、How long3、died, has been dead4、has been open5、has been away6、joined；ago7、It is, since 8、The bus has been here for ten minutes.八、过去完成时（一）过去完成时地概念过去完成时表示过去某一时间或某一事件之前已经发生地动作或状态，即过去地过去.图示如下：----|-------------------------- |---------------------------|----------------------->过去完成过去现在将来（二）构成1、肯定句：主语+had＋过去分词When we got there, the football match had already started.2、否定句：主语+had not+过去分词He hadn’t worked for two years by then.3、疑问句：had+主语+过去分词…？Had he finished the work by last month?（三）用法1、过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或者某一动作之前完成地动作或状态; 句中常用by, before, until, when 等词引导地时间状语.e.g. By the time she got up, her brother had already gone into the bathroom.2、过去完成时地动词还可以表示过去某一时刻之前发生地动作或者状态持续到过去某个时间或者持续下去.例如：Before he slept, he had worked for 12 hours.3、在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后地宾语从句.例如：She said (that) she had never been to Paris.4、在过去不同时间发生地两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时.例如：When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.5、by the time “直到……时候”.指从过去某一点到从句所示地时间为止地一段时间.如：By the time we got to his house, he had finished supper.6、表示意向地动词, 如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等, 用过去完成时表示“原本…，未能…”.例如：We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.过去完成时练习题1. 单项选择1．He asked me _____ during the summer holidays.A. where I had beenB. where I had goneC. where had I beenD. where had I gone2. What ____ Jane ____ by the time he was sever?A. did, doB. has, done C did, did. D. had, done3. I ______ 900 English words by the time I was ten.A. learnedB. was learningC. had learnedD. learnt4. She ______lived here for ______ years.A. had, a fewB. has, severalC. had, a lot ofD. has, a great deal of5. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _____ the dinner already.A．had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked6. She said she __________ the principle alreadyA .has seen B. saw C. will see D. had seen7. She said her family _______ themselves ______ the army during the war.A. has hidden, fromB. had hidden, fromC. has hidden, withD. had hidden, with8. By the time he was ten years old, he _________.A. has completed universityB. has completed the universityB. had completed an university D. had completed university9. She had written a number of books ______ the end of last year.A. forB. inC. byD. at10. He _____ to play ____ before he was 11 years old.A had learned, piano B. had learned, the pianoC. has learned, the pianoD. learns ,piano.2.用动词地适当形式填空1. We _____________ (paint) the house before we ______________ (move) in.2. That rich old man _____________ (make) a will before he _____________ (die).3. They _____________ (study) the map of the country before they ________ (leave).4. The robbers _____________ (run away ) before the policemen _______ (arrive).5. I __________ (turn off) all the lights before I ____________ (go) to bed.6. Paul __________ (go) out with Jane after he __________ (make) a phone call.7. Tom __________ (say) he ___________ (read) the book twice.8. Our plan ____________ (fail ) because we _____________ (make) a bad mistake.9. When the chairman ______________ (finish) speaking, he _____________ (leave)the hall.10.The Reads __ ______ (have) lunch when I ________________(get) to their house. 7B测试卷笔试部分第一节单项选择（共10 小题；每小题１分，满分10分）1. The trees are the biggest and oldest living things _____.A. on EarthB. on the earthC. on EarthsD. on the earths2. I will do ____ best to help you with your English.A. meB. myC. mineD. myself3. The man cares a lot ______ his wife and children.A. toB. fromC. aboutD. of4. --- The watch is expensive. Why ______ a cheaper one?---The watch is very good and I like it.A. don’t buyB. not buyC. not to buyD. not buying5. Beijing is a beautiful city ________ a long history.A. hasB. forC. ofD. with6. Look! The children ______ kites over there.A. are flyingB. is flyingC. flyD. flies7. Beijing is ________ its roast ducks.A. famous forB. famous toC. famous inD. famous on8. What do you mean ________“cut down the water”?A. onB. ofC. inD. by9. I didn’t go to bed until eleven last night,_____ I got up late this morning.A. butB. becauseC. soD. since10. When she got to the top of the hill, she stopped_____.A. to having a restB. having a restC. to have a restD. have a rest第二节语法选择(共5 小题；每小题1分，满分5分)Most big cities ___11____ the United States are built on land without hills. People in these cities can’t see very far from their houses. When they look ___12____ their windows, they can only see tall buildings. ____13_____ they look only inside when they choose(选择) their houses. They want a house with nice rooms to ____14___. When people in San Francisco choose ____15____, they look not only inside but also outside. They want a house with both nice rooms and a fine view.11. A. on B. with C. in D. around12. A. at B. out of C. from D. up13.A. Then B. When C. So D. Because14.A. look B. live in C. see D. look at15. A. theirs B. them C. their D. they三、完型填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）Mary, Lucy and Dick are good friends. They are talking about their favorite __16___ in a year.Mary 17_ December best because her birthday is in December. She 18__ play happily and get many nice things from her parents and friends. It often snows in December, and Mary likes 19 the white snow very much.Lucy’s 20 month is July because she can have a long summer holiday. Every summer holiday, her parents 21 her to visit many interesting places. Lucy likes swimming very much, 22 , and she can swim a lot in summer.Dick thinks March 23 the best month in a year. It’s very sunny, 24 not too hot. People can go out to enjoy the fresh air. He likes playing soccer 25 his friends in the park.16. A months B. years C. weeks D. week17. A. like B. likes C. don’t like D. doesn’t like18. A. can B. can’t C. like D. likes19. A. play B. plays with C. playing with D. play with20. A. favorite B. best C. like D. likes21. A. takes B. took C. will take D. take22. A. too B. also C. either D. to23. A. am B. are C. is D. be24. A. because B. or C. but D. so25. A. and B. with C. in D. /四、阅读理解（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给地A 、B、C、和D项中，选出最佳选项，并把答案写在答题卷上.(A)People in many countries are learning English. Some of them are little children. Some are adults. Some learn English at school. Some learn English by themselves. A few learn English over the radio, on TV or in films.Why do all these people want to learn English? Many boys and girls learn English at school, because it is one of their subjects. They must study their own languages, maths, English and other subjects. Some people learn it because it is useful for their work. Some people learn English for their further (进一步地) studies, because some of their books are in English in university (大学). Other people learn English because they want to read newspapers or magazines in English.26. People learn English _________.A. at schoolB. over the radioC. on TVD. all of the above。

初中英语语法时态总结一、一般时态1、一般现在时(1)一般现在时表示没有时限的持久存在的动作或状态或现阶段反复发生的动作或状态，常和副词usually，often，always sometimes，regularly，near，occasionally，every year, every week等连用。

例如：1)The moon moves round the earth..2)Mr. Smith travels to work by bus every day.(2)在由after，until，before，once，when，even if，in case，as long as，as soon as，the moment以及if，unless等引导的时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，通常用一般现在时代替将来时。

例如：1)I will tell him the news as soon as I see him.2)I will not go to countryside if it rains tomorrow.(3)某些表示起始的动词，可用一般现在时表示按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作，这类动词有：be，go，come，start，depart，arrive，begin，leave 等。

例如：1)The plane leaves at three sharp.2)The new teachers arrive tomorrow.(4)在由why，what，where，whoever，who，that，as等引导的从句中，也常用一般现在时代替将来时。

例如：1)Free tickets will be given to whoever comes first.2)You’ll probably be in the same train as I am tomorrow.2.一般过去时(1)表示过去某一特定时间所发生的、可完成的动作或状态，常与表示确切过去时间的词、短语或从句连用。

现在完成时意义：He has lived here for many years.2.强调后果/影响I have read the book .结构：时间状语：(1)since 的用法Since+时间点I have lived here since 2022.一段时间+ago I have lived here since two years ago.+从句(用一般过去时）常见句型：It is + 一段时间+since从句主句（完成时）+since(一般过去时）It is seven years since I met him last time.He has learned 2000 words since he went to school.（2）For+时间段We have known each other for five years.(3)already(用于肯定句中）/yet (用与否定句或疑问句中）just/everrecently( in recent years)before never等（just now是一般过去时的时间状语）I have just finished my homework.Have you ever seen one like this?(4So far /in the past few years等，表示：“目前为止”非延续性动词延续性动词非延续性动词延续性动词Borrow Keep Fall asleep Be asleep buy have Catch a cold Have a cold leave Be away Begin/start Be ondie Be dead open Be open Come (to)Be in/at close Be closed区分Have gone to去了没回Have been to去了回来（常与次数once/twice/基数词+times连用）Have been in在某地呆了多久例句：（1）You can’t see her because he has gone to Sibo.（2）He has been to Sibo twice.（3）He has been in this city for two years.备注：Here/there/home 不与介词连用。

时态详解：现在完成时一、如何理解现在完成时现在完成时是英语中一个很重要的时态，也是很容易弄错的一个时态。

首先，我们来看看“现在完成时”该如何理解。

你可能会根据字面意思将其理解为：现在完成时就是表示现在已经完成的动作。

但是，这样的理解是很不全面的理解，甚至是很危险的！因为这样的理解将来误导你混淆现在完成时与一般过去的区别。

现在完成时有两个主要用法：一是已完成用法，也叫影响性用法。

该用法的现在完成时表示一个过去发生的动作在过去已经完成，并且这个过去发生并完成的动作对现在有影响或结果，同时说话强调的或感兴趣的就是这个影响或结果，如汉语说“他已离开这个城市了”，其中的“离开”肯定发生了，它对现在的影响或结果就是“他现在已不在这个城市了”；又如汉语说“有人把窗户打破了”，显然“打破窗户”这一动作发生在过去，并且在过去已经完成了，但说话人强调的重点是打破窗户对现在的影响——窗户现在仍是破的。

现在完成时的另一个用法叫未完成用法，也叫持续性用法。

该用法的现在完成时表示一个过去发生的动作或开始的状语在过去并未完成或结束，而是一直持续到现在，并且有可能继续下去(也可能到此结束)，如汉语说“他在我们教书已有30年了”，显然“他在我们学校教书”是从30年前开始，并且一直教到现在，已经持续了30年；又如汉语说“自上个星期以来他一直很忙”，显然“忙”是从上个星期开始的，并且这一“忙”就一直忙到现在。

二、现在完成时构成与用法现在完成时由“have / has +过去分词”构成。

如：He has seen the film several times. 这部电影他已看了好几次。

I have known her for a long time. 我认识她很长时间了。

句中的has seen 和have known 均为现在完成时，第一句属影响性用法，其影响是“他对电影内容非常熟悉了”；第二句属持续性用法，指“认识她”已持续了很长一段时间。

初中英语九种时态和基本从句总结初中英语九种基本时态总结语法知识是在掌握一定量的单词和短语的基础上才能获得的。

因此，初中英语九种基本时态和含有不复杂的状语从句及宾语从句的复合句是初三学生学习的重点也是语法学习的难点。

以下是英语学习方法之九种基本时态分析。

一、一般现在时。

概念: 表示经常发生的动作或经常存在的状态。

常和 always , often , usually , sometimes , every day 等表时间的状语连用。

如：1) I go to school every day . 我每天都去学校。

(表经常)2) He is always like that . 他总是那样。

(表状态)构成： 1) 主语+ be (am / are / is ) +……2) 主语 + 实义动词+ …二、一般过去时。

概念: 1) 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态.常和表示过去的时间状语连用. 如: yesterday , last week , in 1998 , two days ago等.如: I went to a movie yesterday. 我昨天去看了一场电影.2) 也可表示过去经常或反复发生的动作.如: He always went to work by bike last week.构成: 1) 主语+ be (was / were ) +……2) 主语 + 实义动词过去式 +三、现在进行时。

概念: 表示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作.如: He is singing.They are watching TV now.构成: 主语 + 助动词be(am/are/is) + 动词-ing形式构成.四、过去进行时。

概念: 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作. 这一特定的过去时间除了有上下文暗示外,一般用时间状语来表示.如: 1) ---What were you doing?---I was jumping.2) ---What was the boy doing when the UFO arrived?---He was sleeping.构成: 主语 + 助动词be(was/were) + 动词-ing形式构成.五、一般将来时。

初中英语八种时态归纳复习要点初中英语语法时态一、一般现在时概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。

时间状语：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month), once a week, on Sundays, etc.基本结构：①be动词;②行为动词否定形式：①am/is/are+not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加dont,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesnt，同时还原行为动词。

一般疑问句：①把be动词放于句首;②用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。

初中英语语法时态二、一般过去时概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。

时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.基本结构：①be动词;②行为动词否定形式：①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didnt，同时还原行为动词。

一般疑问句：①was或were放于句首;②用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。

初中英语语法时态三、现在进行时概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。

时间状语：now, at this time, these days, etc.基本结构：am/is/are+doing否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。

初中英语语法时态四、过去进行时概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。

时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。

一、选择题1．It’s _______today．I think it’s going to________．A．cloud，rainB．cloudy，rainingC．cloudy，rainD．cloudy，rainy2．Mr Hua ________ to Japan. He’ll come back in two weeks.A．goes B．went C．has gone D．will go 3．—Listen！Who in the music room?—It must be Sally. She there every day.A．sings, sings B．is singing, sings C．sings, is singing 4．—Surprise! Cindy is singing in the concert.—But she ______.A．will refuse B．refusedC．refuses D．has refuse5．Miss Brown, we ______ cleaning our classroom. Can we go home now?A．finish B．finishingC．are finished D．have finished6．—Mom, can you teach me how to pronounce the words?—Wait a minute. I ________.A．am cooking B．cookC．cooked D．will cook7．— Look at my new watch.—Well, it’s so cool! When and where________you buy it?A．Do B．will C．did D．Are 8．—________ a remake (翻拍) of the famous Disney movie Lion King in July, 2019.— Really? I can't wait to see it.A．There will have B．There is going to have C．There will be 9．—I called you at three yesterday afterno on, but you weren’t in.—I ________ a meeting at that time.A．had B．was having C．have had D．would have 10．—I'm sorry. There was too much traffic on the road.—Never mind. The meeting________for only 5 minutes.A．has begun B．has stopped C．has been on 11．They the English role play for the show last night.A．will practice B．practiced C．is practicing D．have practiced12．—How long have you________?—For 10 years, we got married in 2005.A．married B．got married C．been married D．were married 13．—Did you see a man in black pass by just now?—No, sir. I a newspaper.A．read B．was reading C．would read D．am reading 14．Though the number of family cars ________ growing in most cities, the bicycle is still a popular way of going to school or work.A．are B．is C．were D．was 15．Look at Amy. She ________ for the school bus.A．wait B．is waiting C．waits D．waiting 16．Don’t turn on the TV. Grandma ________.A．sleeps B．is sleeping C．sleep D．are sleeping 17．The water ______ cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise.A．was felt B．is felt C．felt D．feels 18．While I_______ a detective story, someone_______ at the door．A．read, was knockingB．read, knockedC．was reading, knockedD．was reading, was knocking19．---Where have you been recently?---I _______ in Hangzhou on business for a week last month.A．have been B．had gone C．had been D．was 20．— Mum, where is Dad?— He _________ flowers in the garden now.A．planted B．plants C．will plant D．is planting 21．—How did the accident happen?—You know, it was difficult to see the road clearly because it________.A．was raining B．has rained C．is raining D．will rain 22．With a book in his hand, the boy ________ in bed.A．lie B．lied C．lay D．lying 23．Sandy likes ________ TV. She ________ TV every day.A．watching; watching B．watch; watchesC．to watch; is watching D．watching; watches24．— What do you use MP3 for?— I ________ it ________ to music.A．use; listen B．are listening; listeningC．use; to listen D．is listening; to listening25．— Could you please tell me yesterday?— In the bookshop nearby.A．Where you bought the book B．Where you buy the bookC．Where did you buy the book D．Where do you buy the book【参考答案】***试卷处理标记，请不要删除一、选择题1．C解析：C【解析】【详解】句意：今天阴天，我想要下雨了。

英语时态初中归纳总结初中英语时态的归纳总结主要包括以下八种时态，每种时态都有其特定的概念、时间状语、基本结构、否定形式以及一般疑问句的形式。

1. 一般现在时概念：表示经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。

时间状语：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays等。

基本结构：主语+ be动词（am/is/are）+ 其他主语+ 行为动词+ 其他否定形式：主语+ am/is/are + not + 其他主语为第三人称单数时，行为动词前加doesn't，并还原行为动词一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首用助动词do（主语为第三人称单数时用does）提问，并还原行为动词2. 一般过去时概念：表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。

时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just no w, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time等。

基本结构：主语+ be动词（was/were）+ 其他主语+ 行为动词（过去式）+ 其他否定形式：主语+ was/were + not + 其他在行为动词前加didn't，并还原行为动词一般疑问句：was或were放于句首用助动词do的过去式did提问，并还原行为动词3. 现在进行时概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。

时间状语：now, at this time, these days等。

基本结构：主语+ am/is/are + doing + 其他否定形式：主语+ am/is/are + not + doing + 其他一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首4. 过去进行时概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。

初三英语时态
初三英语时态主要包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时和现在完成时等。

这些时态在英语表达中有着不同的用法和意义，需要掌握其基本结构和用法规则。

1.一般现在时：表示经常发生或反复发生的动作或
状态，常用动词如be, have, do等。

例如：I have a pen.
2.一般过去时：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或状
态，常用动词如was, were, did等。

例如：She was a student.
3.一般将来时：表示将来某个时间将要发生的动作
或状态，常用动词如will, shall等。

例如：I will go to the park tomorrow.
4.现在进行时：表示正在进行的动作或状态，常用
动词如be, doing等。

例如：He is playing basketball.
5.过去进行时：表示过去某个时间正在进行的动作
或状态，常用动词如was, were等。

例如：They were playing soccer at 3 o'clock yesterday.
6.现在完成时：表示过去发生的动作或状态对现在
的影响或结果，常用动词如have, has等。

例如：I have finished my homework.
在初三英语中，时态是重要的语法知识之一，需要学生通过多读、多写、多听、多练来掌握其用法和规则。

同时，学生还需要注意不同时态之间的区别和联系，以免混淆使用。