托福听力TPO21原文Lecture2
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TPO21Lecture2Computer Science
Professor：We’ve been talking about the software development cycle,and today I’d like to move on to the next stage of that cycle-testing,and why finding bugs during testing is actually a great thing.Eh...eh... the quality of the software product often relies heavily on how well it’s been tested.Liz?
Student：Um...just a quick thing.Bugs is the word for problems in the program code,right?
Professor：Yeah,in code or in a computer itself.There is a bit of a story behind that term.Um...back in the1940s,when the computer industry was just starting,a group of computer scientists was working late one night,and there was a problem in one of the computers’circuits1.When they examined it,they found a five-centimeter long moth caught in there.Once they debugged the computer,it worked just fine.And ever since then,all kinds of computer problems have been known as bugs.Anyway,you want to find bugs while the software is still in the development and testing phases.Finding them when the software product has already been put on the market can be quite embarrassing.Generally speaking,every software development project has a group of testers and a group of developers.Jack?
Student：And they are different people?
Professor：They are generally completely different group of people.My personal opinion is that they have to be different groups of people because developers often have a bias for their own work,and it blinds them to certain problems that might be obvious to somebody else.So it is always good to have a different set of eyes to go in there and make sure that everything is tested properly.Ok,now,here’s the key. Developers and testers have different mentalities.The mentality of the software developer is construtive, creative,they are spending long hours working together to create and build something new.A software tester,on the other hand,their entire goal is to look at this product and find problems with it,to improve it. Now,this difference between the testers and the developers can lead to an environment where there is a bit of friction.And that friction sometimes makes it difficult for the two teams to work together.There are two projects that I worked on a couple of years ago.One,which I’ll call Project Split,well,the testing and development teams did not work well together.And the other,I’ll call Project Unity,during which both
teams worked very well together.Now,during Project Split,we had defect meetings where the developers and the testers met together,eh...eh...to discuss various problems and how they should be fixed.And you could sense the conflict just by walking into the room.Literally,the testers and the developers sat on opposite sides on the table.Um...and...and the developers were very defensive about the feedback.
Student：Well,if bugs are being pointed out they wouldn’t be too happy since its their work.
Professor：Exactly.Now,‘cause the two teams weren’t working well together,the fixes were coming very very slowly.And you know,a lot of times when you fix bugs you introduce new bugs,or you discover bugs and other areas that only come to light because something has been changed,so fixing all those new additional bugs was also being delayed.Um...the test process went on much longer than expected and we ended up having to put the product on the market with known bugs in it,which was obviously not ideal.
Student：Ok,and what about Project Unity?How was it different?
Professor：Um...this was different because two teams worked closely together during the defect meetings,instead of put up walls.Um...we didn’t even talked about,you know,who should fix this,who is at fault2.We all acknowledge what needed to be fixed.So if we had ten bugs,we said,‘Hey,you know what?Let’s do this one first‘cause this would expose another whole bunch of defects that we haven’t even seen yet.’So we were being proactive3and effective.And because we were so much more effective with our time,we were actually able to do more than just fix the bugs,we even put in some improvements that we hadn’t planned.
教授：之前我们一直在讲软件开发周期，今天我们进入下一阶段的讨论-----软件测试，以及为何在测试过程中找到bug是件好事。呃，软件产品的质量往往很大程度在取决于它的测试情况。利兹，有什么问题吗?
学生：就一个小小的问题，bug是指编程码存在的问题是吗?
教授：是的，编程码或者计算机本身存在的问题都叫bug.其实这个术语的背后还有一个小故事。恩，追溯到20世纪40年代，那还是计算机产业刚刚起步的时候，几个计算机科学家一直工作到很晚，因为计算机的一个回路出现了问题。当他们去检查的时候，发现一个五公分的飞蛾卡在了那里。当他们拿走飞蛾以后，计算机就恢复正常工作了。从此以后，所有计算机的问题都被称为bug了。不管怎么说，bugs最好是在开发或者测试阶段就被发现。如果当软件产品已经投放市场了才发现bug 的话，局势就会比较尴尬了。大致来讲，每个软件工程都有一组开发人员和一组测试人员，杰克?
学生：他们都是不同的人吗?
