Data-Over-Cable Service Interface Specification
- 格式:pdf
- 大小:70.97 KB
- 文档页数:6
ExperimentalEvaluationofDOCSIS1.1UpstreamPerformanceRadimBartoˇs1,ChaitanyaK.Godsay1,2,andSteveFulton21DepartmentofComputerScience
2InterOperabilityLaboratory
UniversityofNewHampshire,Durham,NH03824,USAE-mail:rbartos@cs.unh.edu
ABSTRACTData-Over-CableServiceInterfaceSpecification(DOCSIS)isoneofthemanylastmiletechnologiesintendedtoprovideInternetaccessandpacket-basedservicestothecustomer.DOCSISusesthewidelyde-ployedhybridfiber/coax(HFC)networkasthephysicallinkbetweenmultiplecablemodems(CMs)andthecablemodemterminationsystem(CMTS).ThispaperpresentstheupstreamperformanceofDOCSIS1.1inthephysicallayerandMAClayeracrossvarioustrafficpatterns.Theexperimentsareconductedonrealdevicesandnotsimulatorsasusedinallpreviousre-search.Theuseofrealdevicesallowsustocapturethecompletecomplexityoftheprotocol,andgivesusrealis-ticresultsbutitalsolimitsourcontroloverdifferentpa-rameters.Thegoaloftheprojectistostudytheimpactofdifferentparametersthatcanbecontrolledbythecableser-viceproviderandtocomparedifferentCMswithrespecttoupstreamperformance.Theperformancemetricsusedareupstreamdatarateandchannelutilization.Theresultscanbeusedbythecableoperatorstooptimizetheirnetworks,bytheCMandCMTSmanufacturerstoenhancetheirprod-uctsandtheymayhelpinidentifyingprotocolbottlenecksforupstreamperformance.KEYWORDSDataovercable,DOCSIS,upstreamperformanceevalua-tion.1IntroductionCableoperators,intheearlynineties,envisionedthegrowthofcablenetworksandweredriventoexplorepossi-bilitiesfortransmittingdatafromtheresidentialusertotheserviceprovider.Byprovidingthiscapability,packet-basedservices,suchashigh-speedInternetaccess,cheapertele-phoneconnections,andvideo-conferencingcouldbede-ployedeasily.ThisledtotheformationofmanyresearchgroupsandMultimediaCableNetworkSystem(MCNS),acollaborationofcablecompanies,wasthefirsttocomeupwithaspecification.MCNSreleasedthesetofstandardsknownasDOCSIS1.0(DataOverCableServiceInterfaceSpecification)inMarch1997.CableLabs,anon-profitre-searchanddevelopmentconsortium,workedincollabora-tionwithMCNS,andisnowresponsiblefordevelopingnewspecificationsandproductcertification.Specification[1]describesaDOCSISnetworkasatreebasednetworkwiththeCableModemTerminationSystem(CMTS)astherootofthetreeandtheCableModems(CMs)astheleavesofthetree.TheCMTSisattheserviceproviderfacilityandtheCMisattheres-identialuserhome.ThetransmissionofdatafromtheCMTStoCM,termedasdownstream,isapointtomulti-pointbroadcast,whereasthetransmissionfromtheCMtoCMTS,termedasupstream,iscontrolledbytheCMTSandismultipointtopointTDMA.DOCSISdefinesanasym-metricnetworkintermsofupstreamanddownstreamdatarate,withdownstreambeingsubstantiallylargerthantheupstream.TheresidentialuserhastheCustomerPremiseEquipment(CPE),suchascomputer,telephone,etc.,con-nectedtotheCM.DatainupstreamgoesfromtheCMtotheCMTS,whichisthenforwardedappropriately.Sim-ilarly,dataindownstream,passesfromtheCMTStotheCM,whichisforwardedtotheCPE.Typicallythereare1500to2000CMsconnectedtoaCMTSwithdistancebe-tweentheCMTSandCMgoingupto50miles.
Letusbrieflydiscussatypicaldatatransmissioninupstream.OncetheCMhasregisteredwiththeCMTS,itisallowedtotransmitdataupstream.However,itcansenddataonlywhenitisallowedbytheCMTStodoso.SinceupstreamismultipointtopointTDMAarbitratedbytheCMTS,theCMTSsendsbandwidthallocationMAPs,sim-plytermedasMAPs,atregularintervals.TheMAPexplic-itlydescribesthetimewhenaCMisallowedtotransmitdataupstream.
Transmittingdataupstreamisathree-stepprocess.FirsttheCMhastosendarequestforadatagranttotheCMTS,thenithastowaittogetadatagrantfromtheCMTS(intheMAP)andthenitmustsendthedata(attimespecifiedbytheMAP).WecallthisprocesstheRDScycle(Request-Datagrantwait-Sendcycle).
WhentheCPEsendssomedatatotheCM,theCMlooksinthemostrecentMAPfortheREQorREQ/DATAregion.Itthencreatesadatagrantrequestmessageindi-catingthegrantsizeandtransmitstherequestinthetimespecifiedfortheREQorREQ/DATAregionintheMAP.TheseregionsaresubjecttocollisionsasmanyCMscantrytosendadatagrantrequestmessage.IfthedatagrantrequestmessagereachestheCMTStheniteithersendsalongdatagrantorshortdatagranttotheCMinthefol-lowingMAP.AlongorashortdatagrantdependsonhowmuchdatatheCMwantstosend.TheCMTSwillsendadatagrantpendingmessageinthefollowingMAP,iftheCMTShasreceivedthedatagrantrequestfromtheCMbutcannotallocateadatagranttoit.TheCMdetectsacolli-sionwhenitdoesnotgetashortdatagrant,longdatagrant,oradatagrantpendinginthenextMAP.Inthecaseofacollision,theCMstartsexponentialbackoffforcollisionresolution.TheCMwillthendefercertainnumberofre-questopportunitiesbeforerequestingagain.However,iftheCMgetsashort/longdatagrantsuc-cessfullyfromtheCMTS,thenitextractsthetimetosendthedatafromtheMAPandtransmitsthedatatotheCMTSatthetimespecifiedbytheMAP.TheCMthushastogothroughoneormoreRDScyclestotransmitdataupstream.