过去分词作状语用法“四注意”
一、注意其具体功能
过去分词作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明谓语动词动作发生时的背景或状况，可以表示时间、原因、条件、结果、伴随、方式等。过去分词前面可带when, while, if, unless, though等。如：
Greatly inspired by the teacher’s words, I have made up my mind to study English even harder. 老师的鼓励下，我决心更加努力地学习英语。（原因）When heated, ice can be changed into water. 冰加热时变成水。（时间）二、注意其适当位置
过去分词短语作条件、原因及时间状语时，通常放在句首；作伴随、结果状语时，通常放在句末；作方式状语时，一般放在句末，有时也放在句首；作让步状语时，一般放在句首，有时也放在句末。如：
Given more time, he can do it better. 如果给予更多的时间，他就能把它做得更好。（条件）
The trainer appeared, followed by six little dogs. 训练员出现了，后面跟着六条小狗。（伴随）
Although built thirty years ago, the house looks very beautiful. 尽管这座房子是30年前建造的，它看起来依然很漂亮。（让步）
三、注意其逻辑主语
过去分词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，且与主语之间是动宾关系，即被动关系。如果句中过去分词的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，这时必须在过去分词前加上主格的逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构。如：
Seen in the dark night, lights on top of tall buildings look like stars in the sky. 夜里看时，高楼楼顶的灯像是天空中的星星。(seen表示被动，其逻辑主语就是lights，分词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生。)
Everything taken into consideration, the party was a success. 将所有的事情考虑在内，晚会算是成功的。 (taken的逻辑主语不是the party，所以添加everything。) 【考例1】 Ideally _____ for Broadway theatres and Fifth Avenue, the New York Park hotel is a favourite with many guests. (上海，2008年)
A. locating
B. being located
C. having been located
D. located
【考例2】 He sat silently, ____.
A. eyes are closed
B. his eyes closing
C. eyes closed
D. eyes to close
四、注意其与状语从句的变换
过去分词短语作状语时，可以根据意义需要，在分词前添加once, when, while, if, even if, though 等适当的连词和主语，并加be动词的适当形式，从而转换成相应意义的状语从句。如：
Once published, this book will be popular with the students. → Once it is published, this book will be popular with the students. 这本书一旦出版，将会受到学生们的欢迎。(过去分词作条件状语)
Seen from the top of the hill, the park looks more beautiful. → When it is seen from the top of the hill, the park looks more beautiful. 从山上往下看，这座公园看起来更加漂亮。(过去分词作时间状语)
Encouraged by the progress he has made, he works harder. → As he is encouraged by the progress he has made, he works harder. 由于受到所取得成绩的鼓舞，他工作更努力了。(过去分词作原因状语)
Exhausted by the climb, we continued our journey. → Although we were exhausted by the climb, we continued our journey. 虽然爬得很累，但我们仍然继续我们的旅程。(过去分词作让步状语)
（河南庞先庆）
