北师大社发所硕士研究生入学考试试题(2005—2008)
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北京师范大学历年硕士研究生入学考试试题(自然地理学)2012年北师大807自然地理学试题一、名词解释(每题5分)1、水圈2、板块构造说3、土壤空气4、生物多样性二、简答题(每题15分)1、请简述自然地理学的分科?2、请简述温带季风气候与温带海洋性气候的区别?3、请简述地球冰川的分布?4、请简述温带草原气候的特征及成因?三、论述题(任选两题作答,每题35分)1、综合论述西北干旱区人与自然的关系(至少要有一个框图)2、综合论述自然地域分异的原因(至少要有一个框图)2009年北师大资源学院自然地理学考研真题一、名词解释(每个5分,共30分)1、山麓面2、沃克环流3、土壤质地4、季风5、生物地球化学循环6、地带性二、简述下列问题(每个10分,共60分)1、西太平洋副热带高压的季节变化及其对我国气候的影响;2、简述大气降水过程;3、滑坡的形成条件与触发因素;4、构造运动的一般特点与基本形式;5、中国河流的主要类型及其各自显著特点;6、什么是自然区划?说明其与类型划分的异同。
三、论述题(每个20分,共60分)1、谈谈我国常见的气象灾害类型、基本特点和现成原因;2、试述不同气候带的风化作用及其主要成土过程;3、论述影响陆地生物群落区(biome)的地理因素,并举例说明这种影响。
北京师范大学2002年地遥学院人文地理学一、名词解释(4分/个)形式文化区刺激扩散地理物象同语线汤因北的文明起源说二、论述1、简述人口转变模式,并分析中国人口转变的特点。
(25分)2、试从人文地理学的角度评价中国乡镇企业的发展。
(15分)3、试用政治地理的理论分析阿富汗的地理位置特点。
(20分)4、任选一个人文地理问题,针对该问题设计一个实证主义的论证方法。
(20分)北师大2006年人文地理试题一、名词解释(6个)城市空间内部结构倒u性理论城市感知恩格尔系数地域经济结构二、简答题(20分)1、建树怎样建设社会主义新农村2、区域空间发展理论模式的特点及内涵(好像是这样,答的就是增长极,点轴,网络,还有被师教材上的什么地域产业组合体)还有一个记不住了,简答题的第一道好像特容易回答,作了就忘了三论述提(20分)1、产业集群的特点,机制,即对区域发展的影响(2、按照我国实际情况,论述区域的协调发展3、据一个例子,经验主义方法在人文地理学中的应用。
北京师范大学
2014年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题(回忆版)
院(系、所):
科目代码: 357,448 科目名称:翻译硕士(所有答案必须写在答题纸上,做在试题纸或草稿纸上的一律无效)
翻译硕士英语
北师大(211/985、学费2.5万——13年数据、34所自划线之一,12年分数线330,13年350)
2014年MTI基英真题:
词汇语法单选20个。
阅读前II篇客观选择:1篇genius,1篇序言;
后II篇问答,1篇讲happiness;1篇讲英女皇伊丽莎白幼时受教育的问题(两道解释句子,一个解释单词)。
作文:400字,电脑能不能代替老师,要求举例
附:参考书目(供15年考生用)
1-庄绎传,《英汉翻译简明教程》。
北京:外语教学与研究出版社,2002。
2-叶子南,《高级英汉翻译理论与实践》。
北京:清华大学出版社,2001。
3-张汉熙,《高级英语》(修订本)第1、2册。
北京:外语教学与研究出版社,1995。
4-张卫平,《英语报刊选读》。
北京:外语教学与研究出版社,2005。
5-张岱年,《中国文化概论》。
北京:北京师范大学出版社,2004、2010。
6-夏晓鸣,《应用文写作》。
上海:复旦大学出版社,2010。
第1页共1页。
⼀、下列每题的选项中,有⼀项是最符合题意的。
请在答题卡上将所选项的字母涂⿊。
(每⼩题1分,共15分) 1.以哲学化的⽅式承认“宗教创世说”的世界观属于(D)A.宗教哲学B.经院哲学C.僧侣主义D.客观唯⼼主义 2.“万物都在运动,但只是在概念中运动。
”这⼀命题是(B)A.把运动看成是精神的运动B.主观唯⼼主义者的观点C.客观唯⼼主义者的观点D.机械唯物主义者的观点 3.最初也是最基本的思维⽅法是(A)A.归纳与演绎B.分析与综合C.抽象与具体D.逻辑与历史的统⼀ 4.通过分析资本主义简单再⽣产能够揭⽰出资本主义(C)A.物质资料的再⽣产B.扩⼤再⽣产的基本特征C.⽣产关系的再⽣产D.扩⼤再⽣产以简单再⽣产为依据 5.社会总资本运动的核⼼问题是社会总产品的实现,这包括社会总产品的(D)A.价值创造和价值实现B.价值创造和价值转移 C价值实现和价值分配 D.价值补偿和实物补偿 6(1)社会主义公有制的本质在于(B)A.⼈民当家作主B.剩余产品归劳动者共同占有C.按劳分配D.法律⾯前⼈⼈平等 (2)坚持社会主义经济性质的根本体现是(A) A.必须坚持公有制的主体地位 B.必须坚持四项签本原则 C.必须坚持按劳分配的主体地位 D.必须坚持效率优先、兼顾公平原则 7(1)思想政治⼯作的根本任务就是(D) A.要做到政治和经济的统⼀ B.要做到政治和业务技术的统⼀ C.要做到红和专的统⼀ D解决“为什么⼈的问题” (2)⽑泽东提出“为什么⼈的问题。
是⼀个根本的问题,原则的问题。
”这个论断是在(C) A.《反对本本主义》 B《新民主主义论》C.《在延安⽂艺座谈会上的讲话》D.《论⼈民民主专政》 8.近代中国⾰命从根本上说。
是在下列⽭盾的基础上发⽣发展起来的(A) A.帝国主义与封建主义和⼈民⼤众的⽭盾 C.⼈民⽇益增长的经济⽂化发展的需要与落后⽣产⼒的⽭盾 D.⽣产⼒与⽣产关系、经济基础与上层建筑的⽭盾 9.新民主主义经济建设的⽅针是(B) A.发展⽣产、繁荣经济 B.公私兼顾、劳资两利、城乡互助、内外交流 C.既反保守、⼜反冒进,在综合平衡中稳步前进 D.以农业为基础。
2005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1(10 point s)The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals, (1)_____ this is l argely because, (2)______ animals, we stand upright. This means t hat our noses are (3)______ to perceiving those smells which float through the air, (4)______ the majority of smells which stick to surf aces. In fact, (5)______ , we are extremely sensitive to smells, (6 ______ we do not generally realize it. Our noses are capable of (7)_ _____ human smells even when these are (8)______ to far below o ne part in one million.Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flowe r but not another, (9)______ others are sensitive to the smells of b oth flowers. This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate (10)______ smell receptors in the nose. The se receptors are the cells which sense smells and send (11)______ to the brain. However, it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell (12)______ can suddenly become sensitive to it when (13)______ to it often enough.The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that the bra in finds it (14)______ to keep all smell receptors working all the ti me but can (15)______ new receptors if necessary. This may (16_ _____ explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells—w e simply do not need to be. We are not (17)______ of the usual s mell of our own house, but we (18)______ new smells when we visi t someone else’s. The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors (19)______ for unfamiliar and emergency signals (20)______ the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.1. [A] although[B] as[C] but[D] while2. [A] above[B] unlike[C] excluding[D] besides3.[A] limited[B] committed[C] dedicated[D] confined4.[A] catching[B] ignoring[C] missing[D] tracking5.[A] anyway[B] though[C] instead[D] therefore6.[A] even if[B] if only[C] only if[D] as if7.[A] distinguishing[B] discovering[C] determining[D] detecting8.[A] diluted[B] dissolved[C] dispersed[D] diffused9. [A] when[B] since[C] for[D] whereas10. [A] unusual[B] particular[C] unique[D] typical11. [A] signs[B] stimuli[C] messages[D] impulses12. [A] at first[B] at all[C] at large[D] at times13. [A] subjected[B] left[C] drawn[D] exposed14. [A] ineffective[B] incompetent[C] inefficient[D] insufficient15. [A] introduce[B] summon[C] trigger[D] create16. [A] still[B] also[C] otherwise[D] nevertheless17. [A] sure[B] sick[C] aware[D] tired18. [A] tolerate[B] repel[C] neglect[D] notice19. [A] available[B] reliable[C] identifiable[D] suitable20. [A] similar to[B] such as[C] along with[D] aside fromSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text b y choosing [A], [B], [C] or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEE T 1(40 points)Text 1Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vani sh if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed,if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Suc h behaviour is regarded as “all too human,” with the underlying assu mption that other animals would not be capable of this finely develop ed sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de W aal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been publi shed in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well.The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured, co-operative creatur es, and they share their food readily. Above all, like their female hum an counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males.Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosna n’s and Dr. de Waal’s study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining c hambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in re turn for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different.In the world of capuchins, grapes are luxury goods (and much pr eferable to cucumbers). So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without ha ving to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber. Indeed, the mere presence of a grape i n the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enoug h to induce resentment in a female capuchin.The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions. In the wild, they are a co-operative, grou p-living species. Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when ea ch animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignati on, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone. Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other me mbers of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolv ed independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.21. In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by ________.[A] posing a contrast[B] justifying an assumption[C] making a comparison[D] explaining a phenomenon22. Th e statement “it is all too monkey” (Last line, Paragraph l) implies that ________.[A] monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals[B] resenting unfairness is also monkeys’ nature[C] monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other[D] no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions23. Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they are ________.[A] more inclined to weigh what they get[B] attentive to researchers’ instructions[C] nice in both appearance and temperament[D] more generous than their male companions24. Dr. Brosnan and Dr. de Waal have eventually found in their studythat the monkeys ________.[A] prefer grapes to cucumbers[B] can be taught to exchange things[C] will not be co-operative if feeling cheated[D] are unhappy when separated from others25. What can we infer from the last paragraph?[A] Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.[B] Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.[C] Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.[D] Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild. Text 2Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smo king would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn’t know for s ure? That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the gov ernment should stay out of the way? Lots of Americans bought that n onsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to e arly graves.There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. T he latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enliste d by the White House, to tell us that the Earth’s atmosphere is defini tely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. The clear m essage is that we should get moving to protect ourselves. The preside nt of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts, added this key point in th e preface to the panel’s report: “Science n ever has all the answers. B ut science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policie s on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the futu re consequences of present actions.”Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insistin g that the science about global warming is incomplete, that it’s OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure. This is a da ngerous game: by the time 100 percent of the evidence is in, it may be too late. With the risks obvious and growing, a prudent people wo uld take out an insurance policy now.Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention. But it’s obvious that a majority of the president’s advisers still don’t take glob al warming seriously. Instead of a plan of action, they continue to pre ss for more research -- a classic case of “paralysis by analysis.”To serve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must press for ward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research. But research alone is inadequate. If the Administration won’t take the legislative initiativ e, Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures. A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial incentives for private industry, is a promising start. Ma ny see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power pl ants to meet our energy needs. If we are ever going to protect the a tmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sou nd.26. An argument made by supporters of smoking was that ________.[A] there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and death[B] the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificant[C] people had the freedom to choose their own way of life[D] antismoking people were usually talking nonsense27. According to Bruce Alberts, science can serve as ________.[A] a protector[B] a judge[C] a critic[D] a guide28. What does the author mean by “paralysis by analysis” (Last line,Paragraph 4)?[A] Endless studies kill action.[B] Careful investigation reveals truth.[C] Prudent planning hinders progress.[D] Extensive research helps decision-making.29. According to the author, what should the Administration do aboutglobal warming?[A] Offer aid to build cleaner power plants.[B] Raise public awareness of conservation.[C] Press for further scientific research.[D] Take some legislative measures.30. The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because ________.[A] they both suffered from the government’s negligence[B] a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former[C] the outcome of the latter aggravates the former[D] both of them have turned from bad to worseText 3Of all the components of a good night’s sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world wh ere logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud f ormulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised sh adows of our unconscious desires and fears; by the late 1970s, neuro logists had switched to thinking of them as just “mental noise” -- the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sle ep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind’s emot ional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is “off-line.” And o ne leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better, “It’s your dream,” says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago’s Medical Center. “If you do n’t like it, change it.”Evidence from brain imaging supports this view. The brain is as a ctive during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep -- when most vivid dre ams occur -- as it is when fully awake, says Dr, Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh. But not all parts of the brain are equally inv olved; the limbic system (the “emotional brain”) is especially active, while the prefrontal cortex (the center of intellect and reasoning) is re latively quiet. “We wake up from dreams happy or depressed, and tho se feelings can stay with us all day.” says Stanford sleep researcher D r. William Dement.The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patie nts in Cartwright’s clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily lif e we don’t always think about the emotional significance of the day’s events -- until, it appears, we begin to dream.And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright b elieves one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualize how you would like it to end instead; the next time it occur s, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practic e people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.At the end of the day, there’s probably little reason to pay attenti on to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or “we wa ke up in a panic,” Cartwright says. Terrorism, economic unc ertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people’s anxiety. Tho se suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a thera pist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through ba d feelings. Sleep -- or rather dream -- on it and you’ll feel better in t he morning.31. Researchers have come to believe that dreams ________.[A] can be modified in their courses[B] are susceptible to emotional changes[C] reflect our innermost desires and fears[D] are a random outcome of neural repairs32. By referring to the limbic system, the author intends to show ________.[A] its function in our dreams[B] the mechanism of REM sleep[C] the relation of dreams to emotions[D] its difference from the prefrontal cortex33. The negative feelings generated during the day tend to ________.[A] aggravate in our unconscious mind[B] develop into happy dreams[C] persist till the time we fall asleep[D] show up in dreams early at night34. Cartwright seems to suggest that ________.[A] waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreams[B] visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under control[C] dreams should be left to their natural progression[D] dreaming may not entirely belong to the unconscious35. What advice might Cartwright give to those who sometimes havebad dreams?[A] Lead your life as usual.[B] Seek professional help.[C] Exercise conscious control.[D] Avoid anxiety in the daytime.Text 4Americans no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or i n writing, to command the English language with skill and gift. Nor d o they aspire to such command themselves. In his latest book, Doing Our Own Thing: The Degradation of Language and Music and Why We Should, Like, Care, John McWhorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views, sees the triumph of 1960s cou nter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English.Blaming the permissive 1960s is nothing new, but this is not yet another criticism a gainst the decline in education. Mr. McWhorter’s aca demic speciality is language history and change, and he sees the grad ual disappearance of “whom,” for example, to be natural and no moreregrettable than the loss of the case-endings of Old English.But t he cult of the authentic and the personal, “doing our own thi ng,” has spelt the death of formal speech, writing, poetry and music. While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the 1960s, even the most well regarded wri ting since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page. Eq ually, in poetry, the highly personal, performative genre is the only fo rm that could claim real liveliness. In both oral and written English, t alking is triumphing over speaking, spontaneity over craft.Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and low culture, the trend that Mr. McWhorter documents is unmistak able. But it is less clear, to take the question of his subtitle, why we should, like, care. As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, including non-standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive -- there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas. He is not arguing, as many do, that we can no longer think straight because we do not talk prop er.Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry large chunks of memorized poetry in their heads, while Italian politicians t end to elaborate speech that would seem old-fashioned to most Englis h-speakers. Mr. McWhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary, and proposes no radical education reforms -- he is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful. We now take our English “on paper plates instead of china.” A shame, perhaps, but probably an inevitable one.36. According to McWhorter, the decline of formal English ________.[A] is inevitable in radical education reforms[B] is but all too natural in language development[C] has caused the controversy over the counter-culture[D] brought about changes in public attitudes in the 1960s37. The word “talking” (Line 6, Paragraph 3) denotes ________.[A] modesty[B] personality[C] liveliness[D] informality38. To which of the following statements would McWhorter most likelyagree?[A] Logical thinking is not necessarily related to the way we talk.[B] Black English can be more expressive than standard English.[C] Non-standard varieties of human language are just as entertaining.[D] Of all the varieties, standard English can best convey complex ideas.39. The description of Russians’ love of memorizing poetry shows theauthor’s ________.[A] interest in their language[B] appreciation of their efforts[C] admiration for their memory[D] contempt for their old-fashionedness40. According to the last paragraph, “paper plates” is to “china” as ________.[A] “temporary” is to “permanent”[B] “radical” is to “conservative”[C] “functional” is to “artistic”[D] “humble” is to “noble”Part BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questi ons 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)Canada’s premiers (the leaders of provincial governments), if they have any breath left after complaining about Ottawa at their late Jul y annual meeting, might spare a moment to do something, together, to reduce health-care costs.They’re all groaning about soaring health budgets, the fastest-gro wing component of which are pharmaceutical costs.41. ________What to do? Both the Romanow commission and the Kirby commit tee on health care -- to say nothing of reports from other experts -- recommended the creation of a national drug agency. Instead of each province having its own list of approved drugs, bureaucracy, procedu res and limited bargaining power, all would pool resources, work with Ottawa, and create a national institution.42. ________But “national” doesn’t have to mean that. “National” could mean i nterprovincial -- provinces combining efforts to create one body.Either way, one benefit of a “national” organization would be to n egotiate better prices, if possible, with drug manufacturers. Instead of having one province -- or a series of hospitals within a province -- n egotiate a price for a given drug on the provincial list, the national ag ency would negotiate on behalf of all provinces.Rather than, say, Quebec, negotiating on behalf of seven million p eople, the national agency would negotiate on behalf of 31 million pe ople. Basic economics suggests the greater the potential consumers, t he higher the likelihood of a better price.43. ________A small step has been taken in the direction of a national agency with the creation of the Canadian Co-ordinating Office for Health Tech nology Assessment, funded by Ottawa and the provinces. Under it, a Common Drug Review recommends to provincial lists which new drug s should be included. Predictably, and regrettably, Quebec refused to j oin.A few premiers are suspicious of any federal-provincial deal-makin g. They (particularly Quebec and Alberta) just want Ottawa to fork ov er additional billions with few, if any, strings attached. That’s one reas on why the idea of a national list hasn’t gone anywhere, while drug c osts keep rising fast.44. ________Premiers love to quote Mr. Romanow’s report selectively, especially the parts about more federal money. Perhaps they should read what he had to say about drugs: “A national drug agency would provide go vernments more influence on pharmaceutical companies in order to co nstrain the ever-increasing cost of drugs.”45. ________So when the premiers gather in Niagara Falls to assemble their us ual complaint list, they should also get cracking about something in their jurisdiction that would help their budgets and patients.[A] Quebec’s resistance to a national agency is provincialist ideology.One of the first advocates for a national list was a researcher at L aval University. Quebec’s Drug Insurance Fund has seen its costs skyrocket with annual increases from 14.3 per cent to 26.8 per ce nt![B] Or they could read Mr. Kirby’s report: “the substantial buying power of such an agency would strengthen the public prescription-drug insurance plans to negotiate the lowest possible purchase pricesfrom drug companies.”[C] What doe s “national” mean? Roy Romanow and Senator Michael Kirby recommended a federal-provincial body much like the recently created National Health Council.[D] The problem is simple and stark: health-care costs have been, are, and will continue to increase faster than government revenues.[E] According to the Canadian Institute for Health Information, prescription drug costs have risen since 1997 at twice the rate of overall health-care spending. Part of the increase comes from drugs being used to replace other kinds of treatments. Part of it arises fromnew drugs costing more than older kinds. Part of it is higher pric es.[F] So, if the provinces want to run the health-care show, they should prove they can run it, starting with an interprovincial health listthat would end duplication, save administrative costs, prevent one province from being played off against another, and bargain forbetter drug prices.[G] Of course, the pharmaceutical companies will scream. They like divided buyers; they can lobby better that way. They can use the t hreat of removing jobs from one province to another. They can ho pe that, if one province includes a drug on its list, the pressure w ill cause others to include it on theirs. They wouldn’t like a nation al agency, but self-interest would lead them to deal with it.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined se gments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on AN SWER SHEET 2. (10 points)It is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly significant phase in European history. History and news become confused, and one’s impressions tend to be a mixture of skep ticism and optimism. 46) Television is one of the means by which the se feelings are created and conveyed -- and perhaps never before ha s it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in th e recent events in Europe. The Europe that is now forming cannot be anything other than its peoples, their cultures and national identities. With this in mind we can begin to analyze the European television sc ene. 47) In Europe, as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been incr easingly successful: groups which bring together television, radio, new spapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to on e another. One Italian example would be the Berlusconi group, while abroad Maxwell and Murdoch come to mind.Clearly, only the biggest and most flexible television companies ar e going to be able to compete in such a rich and hotly-contested mar ket. 48) This alone demonstrates that the television business is not a n easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show t hat out of eighty European television networks, no less than 50% too k a loss in 1989.Moreover, the integration of the European community will oblige t elevision companies to cooperate more closely in terms of both produ ction and distribution.49) Creating a “European identity” that respects the different cult ures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice -- that of producing programs in Europe for Europe. This entails reducing our dependence on the North American market, whose programs relate t o experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our ow n.In order to achieve these objectives, we must concentrate more o n co-productions, the exchange of news, documentary services and tr aining. This also involves the agreements between European countries for the creation of a European bank for Television Production which, on the model of the European Investments Bank, will handle the fina nces necessary for production costs. 50) In dealing with a challenge o n such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say “United we stand, divided we fall”-- and if I had to choose a slogan it would be “Unity in our diversity.” A unity of objectives that nonetheless respect the varied pe culiarities of each country.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions:Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine Desi gns & Fashions. But now you find that the work is not what you expe cted. You decide to quit. Write a letter to your boss, Mr. Wang, telling him your decision, stating your reason (s), and making an apology.Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use “Li Min g” instead.You do not need to write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should first describe the drawing, then interpret its m eaning, and give your comment on it.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)。
北京师范大学2005年行政管理考研试题753公共管理基础一、简答1.美国学者哈罗德.拉斯韦尔对现代政策科学的贡献.2.现代人事行政的主要特征.3.现代行政组织的基本类型.4.行政协调的基本原则.5.行政决策民主化的含义.二、论述题1.谈谈你对建立健全我国政府采购制度的看法。
2.有人说“依法行政,是依法治国的核心”,你认为这句话对吗,请详细阐述你的理由。
921管理学原理一、简答1.阐述决策中的“满意原则”2.说明管理者层次分类及他们在管理职能上的相同与不同之处.3.目标管理是员工参与管理的一种形式,员工在其中参与管理具体体现在哪些方面.4.阐述现代管理发展的趋势之一---柔性化管理(非理性主义倾向)的含义.5.古语说'失败成功之母',但当今管理表明,还有在另一种情况:成功是失败之母. 解释另一种现象存在的原因并举一例.二、论述题1.“科层制过时了”这句话对吗,说明理由.2.有效控制的难点何在?在人员管理方面如何实现有效控制行政管理专业课复习经验与答题技巧考研,公共课是基础,专业课是关键,是得分的关键!从全国各研招单位来看,行政管理考研一般都是两门专业课,因此,考研总分500分中,专业课部分占了300分之多!可以看出,专业课的成败决定考研的成败,专业课是拉开差距的关键所在!何况从学术上讲,研究生,就是为研究专业课而生的。
把专业课的分数尽量拿到手,无论对总分的影响,还是对复试的影响,还是对将来研究生生活的影响,都是很关键的。
我今年考取的是北京大学行政管理专业,在此,我首先讲述一下行管考研在专业课备考上的共性特点及应对策略,然后再就考生比较关注的几个常见问题,参照当时在育明教育听课时老师的建议,发表下我的看法。
每个人都有自己的复习方法和答题技巧,以下观点仅代表我个人经验,写出来与大家分享。
(一)行政管理学(中国)这门学科的共性特点1、中式的学者背景——中方学者的思维模式2、系统的学科状态——较为完整的理论体系3、多元的理论来源——多种知识必需4、清晰的框架结构——行政原理和体制、行政技术、行政法治和行政发展四大部分5、传统的解释模式——符合中国学习习惯6、多种的考核方式——名词、简答、分析、论述皆有可能就拿第5点,传统的解释模式来说吧,北京大学政府管理学院一位教授就曾做过很有趣的总结,他说中式学者写论文或者著书,习惯性的立论模式是:定义学——比较学——性学——化学。
一、名词解释印象管理(戈夫曼)机械团结与有机团结(杜尔克姆)复式角色安全阀(科塞)《江村经济》二、简答题简述帕雷托精英循环理论简述帕森斯的社会行动的模式变量理论简述吴文藻先生提出的社区研究的内容与方法特点三、论述题试分析当前我国户籍制度改革的社会意义试比较布劳理论与霍曼斯理论的异同20XX年社会学研究方法试题一、名词解释横剖研究法整群抽样建构效度行为标志观察法重点访问复本信度二、简答题举例说明假设的几种表达方式简述抽样设计中确定样本容量的因素举例说明运用类型法建立综合指标的过程三、计算题下面是对吸烟者年龄分布状况的调查获得的数据:21—24岁212人25—34岁273人35-44岁257人45—54岁226人55-64岁152人65以上89人(1)根据上面资料作统计表(频次、频率)、直方图、折线图;(2)计算四分互差;(3)如何准确比较21—24岁人群与55-64岁人群中吸烟人数的多少?为了解受教育年限与职业声望的关系而进行一项抽样调查,获8组数据:X(年限)12 16 9 19 21 10 5 12Y(声望)70 80 50 86 90 65 44 75一、名词解释社会静力学与社会动力学社会事实《新教伦理与资本主义精神》AGIL系统《社会学原理》(孙本文)差序格局二、简答题简述孔德社会学的整体性特点简述杜尔克姆的“失范”理论简述韦伯的“理想类型”方法在社会学研究中的意义三、论述题帕森斯的结构功能理论与科塞的功能冲突理论为我们认识社会转型过程中出现的矛盾、问题,提供了哪些启示?试运用符号互动理论分析人的社会化过程中“自我"形成的规律性.20XX年社会学研究方法试题一、名词解释操作概念抽样误差利克特量表中介变量趋势研究测量的信度二、简答题三种无结构式访问法的区别观察法的优点社会学三种研究范式三、设计题已知某大学新生3000人,欲从中取一个100人的样本,进行学习生活的调查,请按照系统抽样方法设计抽样距离,假设第一个被选中的号是15号,则第10个和第80个选中的号是多少号?请为该调查问卷设计一个封闭式,一个开放式和一个相倚式问题.四、统计分析某大学A学院270名本科生的入大学前居住地分布情况是:130在大中城市,100在小城镇,40在农村;B学院550人的情况是:400在大中城市,90在小城镇,60在农村.试选择合适的集中趋势说明两个学院新生入学前居住地分布特点,并比较两个趋势的代表性。
⼀、单项选择题:1-15⼩题,每⼩题1分,共15分。
下列每题给出的四个选项中,只有⼀个选项是符合试题要求的。
请在答题卡上将所选项的字母涂⿊。
1.列宁对辩证唯物主义物质范畴的定义是通过A.物质和意识的关系界定的B.⼀般与个别的关系界定的C.哲学与具体科学的关系界定的D.认识与实践的关系界定的 2.“沉⾈侧畔千帆过,病树前头万⽊春”这句唐诗蕴含的哲学原理是A.⽭盾是事物发展的动⼒B.事物是本质和现象的统⼀C.新事物代替旧事物是事物发展的总趋势D.事物的发展是量变和质变的统⼀ 3.“传统是⼀种巨⼤的阻⼒,是历史的惰性⼒,由于它只是消极的,所以⼀定要被摧毁”。
这种观点是A.历史唯⼼主义的B.历史唯物主义的C.历史⼈本主义的D.历史⾃然主义的 4.对“劳动是财富之⽗,⼟地是财富之母”这句话的正确解释是 A.劳动和⼟地都是价值的源泉 B.劳动创造使⽤价值,⼟地形成价值 C.劳动是创造价值的外部条件,⼟地是价值的真正源泉 D.劳动必须和⾃然物相结合才能创造出物质财富 5.加快资本周转,可以增加年剩余价值量和提⾼年剩余价值率,根本是因为A.预付的资本总量增加了B.实际发挥作⽤的可变资本增加了C.流通对⽣产的反作⽤D.剩余价值率提⾼了 6.⽑泽东在《〈共产党⼈〉发刊词》中所说的“伟⼤的⼯程”是指 A.⾛农村包围城市的道路,夺取全国胜利 B.建⽴并巩固抗⽇民族统⼀战线 C.建设⼴⼤群众性的马克思主义政党 D.建⽴新民主主义的新国家、新社会 7.⽑泽东提出中国共产党⼈能够跳出中国历历代王朝“其兴也勃焉”、“其亡也忽焉”的周期律的新路⼦是指 A.发扬民主,让⼈民来监督政府 B.实⾏中国共产党领导的多党合作制 C.加强法制建设 D.加强共产党⾃⾝建设 8.1953年9⽉,⽑泽东在对民主党派和⼯商界部分代表讲话时指出:改造资本主义⼯商业和逐步完成社会主义过渡的必经之路是A.剥夺资本家的财产B.排挤私营⼯商业C.国家资本主义D.保护民族⼯商业 9.民主⾰命时期,中国共产党提出:党是“中国⽆产阶级的先锋队,同时⼜是全民族的先锋队”,是在A.古⽥会议B.⼋七会议C.⽡窑堡会议D.中共七⼤ 10.邓⼩平理论的精髓是A.解放⽣产⼒,发展⽣产⼒B.解放思想,实事求是C.坚持四项基本原则D.“三个有利于”标准 11.贯彻“三个代表”重要思想的核⼼是A.坚持与时俱进B.推动⽣产⼒发展C.坚持党的先进性D.执政为民 12.社会主义道德的集中体现是A.为⼈民服务B.诚实守信C.爱国主义D.团结互助 13.中共⼗六届四中全会指出,加强党的执政能⼒建设的核⼼是 A.保持党同⼈民群众的⾎⾁联系 B.建设⾼素质⼲部队伍 C.改⾰和完善党的领导体制和⼯作机制 D.加强党的基层组织和党员队伍建设 14.将作为2008年北京奥运会主会场的国家体育场2003年12⽉24⽇在北京破⼟动⼯。
北京师范大学考研历年真题解析——936文学理论与外国文学史(含比较文学)主编:弘毅考研弘毅教育出品【资料说明】《文学理论与外国文学史(含比较文学)历年真题解析》系北京师范大学优秀文学类考研辅导团队集体编撰的“历年考研真题解析系列资料”之一。
历年真题是除了参考教材之外的最重要的一份资料,其实,这也是我们聚团队之力,编撰此资料的原因所在。
历年真题除了能直接告诉我们历年考研试题中考了哪些内容、哪一年考试难、哪一年考试容易之外,还能告诉我们很多东西。
1.命题风格与试题难易第一眼看到北师大历年试题的同学,都觉得试题“简单”、题量少。
其实,这也是很多学生选择北师大的原因吧。
北师大的试题不偏、不怪,80% 的题目可以在课本上找到部分的答案。
这不同于一些学校的试题,比如北京大学,理论性很强,说不会答,一点也答不上来。
北师大的试题,不管你复习的怎么样,一般都能答上一点,至于能答到什么程度,则因人而异。
现在,我告诉大家一个数字,“3%”,这是学校公布的2011年文学类专业的平均录取率。
看到这个数字,你还会觉得题目“简单”吗?其实,“试题很基础”----“试题很简单”----“能得高分”根本不是一回事。
试题很基础,所以每个学生都能答上一二,但是想得高分,就要比其他学生强,要答出别人答不出来的东西。
要答出别人答不出来的东西,这容易吗?大家不要被试题表象所迷惑。
很多学生考完,感觉超好,可成绩出来却不到100分,很大程度上就是这个原因:把考的基础当成考的简单。
其实这很像武侠小说中的全真教,招式看似平淡无奇,没有剑走偏锋的现象,但是如果没有扎实的基础和深厚的内功是不会成为大师的。
我们只能说命题的风格是侧重考察基础的知识,但是,我们要答出亮点,让老师给你高分,这并不容易。
2.考试题型与分值大家要了解有哪些题型,每个题型的分值。
从最近七年看,北师大的题目基本都是主观题,即名词解释、简单题、论述题三种主观题型。
每个题型的分值是不一样的,一个名词解释一般也就是5分,简单题每个15分,可一个论述就是30分。
社发所硕士研究生入学考试试题(2005—2008)
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[类别 : 招生信息 供稿: 梁卫华 时间: 2008-09-27 点击数: 4432 ]
北京师范大学
2005年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题
专业:社会保障专业 科目代码:337
研究方向: 考试科目:社会保障
答案全部写在答题纸上,写在试卷上无效
请选答下面六个问题中的任何五个问题。每个问题为30分,总分数为150分。
1. 试论国家在社会救助中的作用。(30分)
2. 贫困的概念及其在社会救助制度中的应用。(30分)
3. 在许多国家(包括中国),政府都会推出一些针对养老、医疗、失业等问题的强制性保险计划,亦即所
谓“社会保险”。除了强制性之外,这些保险的其他共同特征是什么?政府为什么要以强制性的手段推出这
些保险计划?这些强制性的保险计划是否有可能为自愿性的、民间组织提供的保险计划取代?(30分)
4. 在许多国家都存在私人(或私营)养老金计划。这些私人养老金的基本组织形态有哪几种?这些私人养
老金能否取代国家组织的公共养老金?(30分)
5. 请阐述我国农村社会服务的融资制度。(30分)
6. 你认为我国目前的社会保障制度存在的主要问题是什么?(30分)
北京师范大学
2005年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题
专业:社会保障专业 科目代码:467
研究方向: 考试科目:公共管理概论
答案全部写在答题纸上,写在试卷上无效
请选答下面六个问题中的任何五个问题。每个问题为30分,总分数为150分。
1. 结合一个社会福利项目改革的个案分析新公共管理的原则及其在发展中国家应用中存在的问题。
2. 利用你学到的理论分析一下我国政治和公共管理行政的关系。
3. 简要分析在缺少利益团体和政策团体的条件之下公共部门管理的特点。
4. 政府干预社会经济的手段有哪几种?依照管理主义的思路,政府应该在何种情况下运用这几种手段?
5. 公共部门的基本特征是什么?中国的公共部门由哪几个部分组成?在市场经济中,公共部门存在必要
性的主要理据有哪些?
6. 同传统的公共行政模式相比,新公共管理或管理主义的主要理念和运作方式是什么?赞成和反对管理
主义的理由分别有哪些?
北京师范大学
2006年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题
院(系、所):社会发展与公共政策研究所 专 业: 社会保障
科目代码:467 科目名称: 公共管理概论
(所有答案必须写在答题纸上,做在试题纸或草稿纸上的一律无效)
请就以下三组问题撰写三篇论述性短文。每一篇短文为50分,总分数为150分。
1、 什么是市场失灵?其产生的原因有哪些?对付市场失灵的办法有哪些?
2、 医疗服务是不是公共产品(或公共物品)?医疗服务能否市场化?政府在医疗服务领域可能扮演的角色
是什么?
3、 公共企业(或者国有企业、国营企业)为什么会出现?公共企业为什么会出现民营化?公共企业民营化
的具体方式有哪些?
北京师范大学
2006年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题
院(系、所):社会发展与公共政策研究所 专 业: 社会保障
科目代码:337 科目名称: 社会保障
(所有答案必须写在答题纸上,做在试题纸或草稿纸上的一律无效)
请就以下三组问题撰写三篇论述性短文。每一篇短文为50分,总分数为150分。
1. 赞成和反对福利国家的理由有哪些?政府在社会福利中的角色是什么?
2. 世界上绝大多数国家都有不同级别的政府。那么请问中央政府(或联邦政府)和地方政府在社会福利
上可能扮演的角色分别有哪些?中央政府(或联邦政府)和地方政府扮演这些角色的优势和劣势何在?这
些角色搭配的方式有哪些?
3. 医疗保障体系的功能是什么?世界上有多少种医疗保障体系?而我国城市与农村的医疗保障体系分别
属于哪一种?
北京师范大学
2007年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题
院(系、所):社会发展与公共政策研究所
(所有答案必须写在答题纸上,做在试题纸或草稿纸上的一律无效)
考试科目1:社会保障
1. 人们的社会保障需要是通过多种社会系统和渠道满足的(提示:如家庭、政府等)。试述:
1) 这些社会系统或渠道包括哪些。
2) 每个系统或渠道一般可以提供哪些形式的保障?举例说明。
3) 不同系统或渠道提供福利的的优点和缺点分别是什么?
2. 什么是普遍性和选择性的社会福利?二者的主要区别是什么?围绕这两种福利的提供方式有很多争
论,试述二者的主要优缺点。举例说明。
3. 城镇职工退休养老保障制度和城市居民最低生活保障制度是我国目前城市社会保障体系中两项最主要
的制度,选择其中一种制度,简述该制度的基本内容,你认为这一制度存在的问题是什么?应该如何解决?
考试科目2:公共管理概论
1. 请评述布莱森公共部门战略计划模式或者其他学者提出的公共部门战略计划模式。
2. 请阐述巴顿和萨维基提出的政策过程模式(或者其他学者提出的政策过程模式),并给予分析和评价。
3. 关于政府的基本职能有许多不同的观点,请介绍其中的两种,然后指出你更倾向于赞同哪一种观点,
并组织自己的理由;最后,试论在我国当前的社会主义市场经济体制阶段,中央政府该发挥什么样的职能。
考试科目3:社会医学
一、请论述社会因素与健康的关系,并分析目前我国影响健康的主要社会因素。(50
分)
二、流行病学研究方法有那些种类,并分析各种研究方法的优点与缺点。(50分)
三、某单位开展了慢性病与健康行为的横断面研究,结果发现不经常锻炼、爱吃动
物脂肪的人与经常锻炼、且主要吃素菜的人相比,患动脉硬化的比值比(OR)=2.5,
p=0.04。
1、 根据研究结果,你得出什么结论?
2、 你如何解释、看待这一结论?
3、 如果让你来设计本研究,你打算如何设计?
2008年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题
科目名称:公共管理概论
(所有答案必须写在答题纸上,做在试题纸或草稿纸上的一律无效)
1. (50分)请列举并解释公共管理组织有哪些类型,它们各自有哪些职能,各自的优
点和缺陷有哪些?
试举例说明这些公共管理组织与对应的私营管理组织相比所适用的场合。
2. (50分)公共财政基本的原则有哪些?简述中国现行的分税制财政体制并分析其中
的问题。
3. (50分)简述理性决策模型和渐进决策模型的策略。讨论两种模型的缺点并分析各
自使用场合。
2008年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题
科目名称:经济学基础
(所有答案必须写在答题纸上,做在试题纸或草稿纸上的一律无效)
1.1)经济学分析的两个基本原理是什么?
2)完全竞争市场的结构有哪些基本特征?有何优点和不足?
3)什么是市场失灵?以医疗保健市场为例,列举该市场 失灵的三个原因,为克服市场失灵,政府通常采
用什么措施?
2.1)什么是消费物价指数,10月中国通胀率多少,上涨原因是什么?
2)CPI上涨时总需求产生哪些影响?请画图。
3)政府常用政策有哪些?
3.1)什么是贫困率?衡量贫困率状况时有哪些困难?
2)列出政府帮助穷人的两项政策,阐明利弊。
3)中国政府对农村贫困问题的措施有哪些?存在哪些问题,如何完善?
2008年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题
科目名称:政治学基础
(所有答案必须写在答题纸上,做在试题纸或草稿纸上的一律无效)
1.请分析有组织的利益集团在现代西方民主社会中的作用。(50分)
2.结合冷战结束以来国内、国际政治经济形势发展,评价意识形态终结论。(50分)
3.什么是简单多数单名选区制?它们所造成的影响有什么不同?(50分)
2008年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题
科目名称: 社会保障
(所有答案必须写在答题纸上,做在试题纸或草稿纸上的一律无效)
1.
1)残补模式和制度模式是两种不同的模式,分别描述这两种模式的基本观点。(25分)
2)社会福利分配的标准可以分成四类:属性需求、补偿、诊断性划分和家计审查。先举例(中国)来说
明这四类标准,然后说明这四类标准和残补模式、制度模式之间的关系。(25分)
2.城镇最低生活保障制度是我国一项重要的社会救助制度。下面是本项制度的一些规定,谈谈你对这些规
定的看法。
1)享受低保的家庭,其人均收入增加一元,所享受的低保金就要相应地减少一元。(25分)
2)低保条例规定:“城市居民最低生活保障实行地方人民政府负责制”。“城市居民最低生活保障所需资金,
由地方人民政府列入财政预算,纳入社会救济专项资金支出项目,专项管理,专项专用”。(25分)
3.个人帐户的“空帐运行”是城镇企业职工养老保险制度面临的一个重要问题。你认为这个问题形成的原因
是什么?应该如何解决?(50分)