英语各种词性前后缀及习题.doc
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.各种词性前后缀1.常见前缀前缀含义例词en- 使可能enrich 丰富 enable 使能够,使有机会enlarge 扩大dissatisfy 使不满意 disappear 消失 disagree 不同意dis- 不,否定dishonesty 不诚实 disadvantage 不利条件un- 不unable 不能够 unlucky 不幸的 unhappy 不开心的un+ v. 做相反动作undress 脱衣服 unload 卸货 uncover 揭开inactive 不活跃的incorrect 不正确的in-impolite 不礼貌的impossible 不可能的 immoral 不道德im-不,非的ir-irregular 不规则的 irresponsible 不负责任的il-illogical 不合逻辑的illegal 非法的non- 不,非non-existent 不存在的 non-stop 直达的 ,连续不断的misunderstand 误解 mislead 误导misfortune 厄运 ,不mis- 错误的,坏的幸Re- 重复,再rewrite 重写 , remarry 再婚supermarket 超市 supermodel 超级名模 superstar 超级super- 在上面,超级明星under- 在之下underestimate 低估 underground 地下的.inter-相互,之间international国际的interact交流,合作,相互作用semifinal 半决赛semicircle半圆semi-conscious半昏迷semi- 半半清醒的multi-national 多国的multi-colored多种颜色的multi- 多,多种multi-cultural 多文化的kilo- 千kilometer 千米 ,公里 kilogram 千克tele- 远telephone 电话 television 电视在上/ 里aboard 在船 /火车 /飞机上ahead 在前面a-向. aside 向旁边 abroad 在国外2.名词后缀后缀含义例词n.+er 相关的人farmer 农夫 officer 官员从事某种职业、进行teacher 教师 worker 工人v.+er某种活动的人reader 读者 writer 作家地点名词 +er 住在某处的人Londoner 伦敦人 villager 村民-ess 女actress 女演员 hostess 女主人conductor 售票员visitor 游客 inventor 发明家-or 同 er-actor 演员survivor幸存者editor编辑-ar同er-beggar乞丐-ese某国人,某国语Chinese中国人,汉语Japanese日本人,日语-ian 从事某职业的人musician 音乐家 physician 医师 ,内科医生scientist 科学家 dentist 牙医 pianist 钢琴家 artist-ist 从事某职业的人艺术家 communist 共产主义者socialist 社会主义者-ment 行为的结果argument 争论 judgment 判断-ness 状态 , 情况 ,特征happiness 幸福 illness 疾病-tion 动作 ,行为dictation 听写 preparation 准备leadership 领导 friendship 友谊 citizenship 国籍;-ship 身份 ,状态公民权-ance acceptance 接受 appearance 外表;出现-ence confidence 信息 reference 参考以该名词容量为单位glassful 一杯 mouthful 一口n.+ful的量plateful 一盘 spoonful 一羮匙refusal 拒绝 denial 抵赖arrival 到达approval -al赞成;批准burial 埋葬;葬礼 survival 幸存-y difficulty 困难 possibility 可能性-ism socialism 社会主义 materialism 唯物主义3 . 形容词后缀后缀例词-al industrial 工业的 national 国家的 ,民族的-an European 欧洲的 American 美国的 ,美洲的-ern eastern 东方的 northern 北方的 southern 南方的-able reasonable 合理的 believable 可相信的 unbearable 难以忍受的-ful careful 仔细的 ,小心的 cheerful 兴高采烈的beautiful 美丽的-ish childish 孩子般的 selfish 自私的foolish 愚蠢的-ive active 活跃的 ,积极的 creative 创造性的 destructive 破坏的;毁灭性的-y thirsty 口渴的 dirty 脏的 windy 有风的-en golden 金色的 ,金的 wooden 木的 ,木质的 woolen 羊毛的-ous continuous 持续的 various 各种各样的-ary imaginary 幻想的 revolutionary 革命的-ic realistic 现实的 historic 历史的-some troublesome 麻烦的 lonesome 孤独的 , 寂寞的-like childlike 孩子般的 ,单纯的 womanlike 女人般的-ly friendly 友好的 lovely 可爱的-less careless 粗心的 harmless 无害的 homeless 无家可归的 useless 无用的4. 动词后缀后缀含义例词widen 加宽sharpen削尖deepen加深strengthen 使成为 ,-en加强使具有shorten 缩短soften软化quicken加快使变成,使 Americanize美国化civilize使开化adj. +ize化modernize现代化nationalize国有化-y使化beautify美化simplify简化5.副词后缀-ly 是最常见的副词后缀, 可以附加在形容词后,构成与原形容词意义相同的副词。
如:slowly 缓慢地 happily高兴地truly真实地wholly全部地simply纯粹地练习1. 动词、介词、冠词、物主代词等词后一般接名词或动名词, 如果所给单词是其它词类, 就要将其改为名词, 并注意名词数的变化。
(1)Do you know the ______ (deep) of the river?(2)His _____ (careful) resulted in the terrible accident(3)He is one of the ______ (science) who support this theory.答案: (1) depth (2) carelessness (3) scientists2.动词、介词后一般接名词或动名词 , 如果所给单词为动词,就要看该动词是否有名词形式,如果有名词形式,就用其名词形式;如果该动词没有名词形式,就用其动名词。
如:(1)Please pay ________ (attend) to your handwriting.(2) His _______ (arrive) made the situation worse.(3)The teacher was angry at my _________ (come) late.答案: (1) attention (2) arrival (3) coming3. 动词前后、形容词前后可有副词。
如果所需词为副词时, 还要考虑副词级的变化。
如:(1)The boy ran ______ (quick) to school.(2) “ What ’ s that? ” Father shouted ______ (angry).(3)The little girl is ______(extreme)eager to know the result of the exam。
(4). He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, but he felt very happy sincethe crop did“ grow” ______ (height).答案: (1) quickly (2) angrily (3) extremely (4) higher4.在名词前作定语,在系动词后做表语,以及作主语或宾语的补足语时,通常要用形容词如果所需词为形容词时 , 还要考虑形容词级的变化。
(1)What ’ s the ________ (width) river in the world?(2)The _______ (strength) we become, the more modest we should be.答案: (1) widest (2) stronger5即时训练单句填空:用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.Mary was very ______ at the news, so she looked ______ at her husband, her eyesfull of ______ (sad).2. He ________football very well and he was one of the best ______ in yesterday’s football match. (play)3.Look! How ________ Kate is laughing! She seems to be the ______ girl in theworld (happy).4.To our ______, the headmaster was very ______ with our report. (satisfy)5.Edison was a great ________. During his life he had many ______. (invent)6.I should ________ my task and make it ________ to finish it. (simple)7.The boy having the ________ of being half starved ________, never to be seen again. (appear)8.The police _____ the pot and ______ a plot against the President. (cover)9.You are so _______ to help me. Thank you for your ________. (kindly)10.Everything is becoming ____________ than before and many college studentshad to work to make some mone y for their college _____________. (expend)语篇填空:用所给词的适当形式填空ARafting is an___1__ (excite) adventure. A raft is a small boat that you can use to paddle down rivers and streams. Rafting is a good way to experience___2___(natural) . If you want a normal rafting trip, choose a quiet streamor river that is wide and has few fallen trees or rocks. If you are looking for more___3___ (excite ) , you may want to try whitewater rafting. Whitewater raftingis___4___( adventure)and___5___(difficulty) than normal rafting. It is done on riversand streams where the water moves___6___ (quick). You have to be___7___ (care) notto hit rocks, trees and other___8___ (dangerous). The name“ Whitewater” comes from the fact that the water in these streams and rivers looks white when it movesquickly.BSteve Jones is an___1___(environment) expert who tries to keep animals and plantsfrom___2___(become) endangered. If we know more about what causes___3___ (danger), we may be able to take measures before it is too late. A species can become ___4___ (endanger) for___5___ (differ) reasons. Animals and plants mustenough food and other resources. Otherwise they can not live___7___ (comfortable). They are all used to their environment; that is, they have learnt how to live___8___ (succeed) in their habitat.【参考答案】一、单句填空1. sad, sadly, sadness2. played, players3. happily, happiest4.satisfaction, satisfied5. inventor; inventions6. simplify, simpler/simple7.appearance, disappeared 8. discovered, uncovered9.kind, kindness 10. more expensive, expenses二、语篇填空A. 1. exciting 2. nature 3. excitement 4. adventurous 5. difficult6. quickly7. careful8. dangersB. 1. environmental 2. becoming 3. endangerment 4. endangered5. different6. comfortable7. comfortably8. successfully。