英语句子成分分析

（六）宾语补足语
有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾 语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足， 使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有 ： make, consider, cause, see, find, call, get, have, let. • I found the book interesting. • Do you smell something burning? • He made himself known to them.
• (2) 双宾语易位时需借助介词for的常用动词 • book sb. sth. = book sth. for sb. 为某人预 定某物 • buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb. 为某人买某 物 • choose sb. sth. = choose sth. for sb. 为某 人选某物 • cook sb. sth. = cook sth. for sb. 为某人煮 某物
（六）状语
• • • • • • • • • 状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、 结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。 I will be back in a while. They are playing on the playground. He was late because he got up late. He got up so late that I missed the train. I waited to see you. He often went to school by bus. His parents died, leaving him an orphan. Please call me if it is necessary. This book is very interesting.
• find sb. sth. = find sth. for sb. 为某人找到 某物 • fix sb. sth. = fix sth. for sb. 为某人准备某物 • get sb. sth. = get sth. for sb. 为某人拿来某 物 • make sb. sth. = make sth. for sb. 为某人做 某物 • order sb. sth. = order sth. for sb. 为某人订 购某物
英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语，分成不及物动 词与和及物动词。
及物动词(vt.) ： 及物动词后必须跟有动作的对象 （即宾语），并且可直接跟宾语。 如： He reached Paris .
不及物动词（vi. ）：不及物动词后不能
直接跟有动作的对象（即宾语）。若要 跟宾语，必须先在其后加上某个介词。 如: Look! She is singing. Look at me carefully!
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（四）表语
在系动词后的部分就是表语
1. The war was over. 2. They seem to know the truth. 3. Time is precious. 4. I’m not quite myself today. 5. That remains a puzzle. 6. I don’t feel at ease.
4）感官系动词 feel, smell, sound, taste 例如：This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布手感很软。 5）变化系动词 become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. 例如： He became mad after that. 自那之后，他疯了。 6）终止系动词 prove, turn out, 表达“证实”，“变成”之意 例如： The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。 注意：系动词不用于被动语态.
句子成分
定义 ：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成 分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；
主要成分：主语和谓语
次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、 补足语、同位语
1. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday. ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ 主 谓 定 宾 同 状 语 语 语 语 位 语 语
误：knock the door 正：knock on [at] the door 敲门 误：operate sb. 正：operate on sb. 为某人做手术 误：participate sth. 正：participate in sth. 参加某事 误：refer sth. 正：refer to sth. 查阅（参考)某物
找出句中主语
The sun rises in the east. （名词） Twenty years is a short time in history. （数词） The poor are now living in the shelter. (名词化的形容词） Seeing is believing. （动名词） To see is to believe. （不定式） He likes dancing. （代词） What he needs is a book. （句子） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）
（五）定语
修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句
• • • • • • He is a clever boy. (形容词) His father works in a steel factory.(名词) There are 54students in our class. (数词) Do you know betty’s sister? (名词的所有格) He bought some sleeping pills. (动名词) His spoken language is good. (过去分词)
Did you write down what he said? （句子）
• 宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语. • He gave me some books.
↓ 间接 宾语
↓ 直接 宾语
●please pass me the book. ●He bought his girlfriend some flowers.
定语后置：
如果定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置。 而由一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常则后置
The girl in red is his sister. The girl standing under the tree is his daughter. Do you know the man who spoke just now?
常见跟双宾语动词
• • • • • • • • • 可接双宾语的38个常用动词 (1) 双宾语易位时需借助介词to的常用动词 award sb. sth. = award sth. to sb. 颁奖给某人 bring sb. sth. = bring sth. to sb. 把某物带给某人 hand sb. sth. =hand sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人 lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb. 把某物借给某人 mail sb. sth. = mail sth. to sb. 把某物寄给某人 offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. 将某物给某人 owe sb. sth. = owe sth. to sb. 欠某人某物
㈠主语（subject）
句子说明的人或事物
• • • • • • • Jane is good at playing the piano.（名词） She went out in a hurry. （代词） Four plus four is eight. （数词） To see is to believe. （不定式） Smoking is bad for health. （动名词） The young should respect the old. （名词化的形容词） What he has said is true.（句子）
• She asked me to lend her a hand.
同位语
位于名词或代词后面，说明它们的性质和情况
We young people should respect the old. 名词
He himself will do the experiment. 代词
He is the oldest among them four. 数词
• pass sb. sth. = pass sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人 • pay sb. sth. = pay sth. to sb. 付给某人某物（钱 ） • post sb. sth. = post sth. to sb. 把某物寄给某人 • return sb. sth. = return sth. to sb. 把某物还给某 人 • send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb. 把某物送给某人 • sell sb. sth. = sell sth. to sb. 把某物卖给某人 • serve sb. sth. = serve sth. to sb. 拿某物招待某人 • show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 拿某物给某人看
㈡谓语
说明主语的动作、状态和特征
• • • • • •
简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词+动词; He can speak English well. She doesn’t seem to like dancing
误：rely sb. / sth. 正：rely on sb. / sth. 依靠（依赖）某人 某物 误：reply a letter 正：reply to a letter 回信
(三)宾语
动作的对象或承受者——及物动词或介词的宾语 Show your passport, please. （名词 ） She didn't say anything. ( 代词） How many do you want? - I want two. (数词) They sent the injured to hospital. (名词化的形容词) They asked to see my passport. （不定式） I enjoy working with you. （动名词）
类似的还有：agree, go, work, listen,
look, come, die, belong, fall, exist, rise,
arrive, sit, sail, hurry, fail, succeed...
易误用作及物动词的9个不及物动词：
误：deal a problem 正：deal with a problem 处理问题 误：depend sb. 正：depend on sb. 依靠（依赖）某人 误：insist doing sth. 正：insist on doing sth. 坚持要做某事
系动词
1）状态系动词（be动词） 例如： He is a teacher. 2）持续系动词 keep, remain, stay 例如： He always kept silent at the meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。 3）表像系动词 seem, appear, look, 例如： He looks tired. 他看起来很累。