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英语口译二级精讲班第10讲课件讲义（环球职业教育在线）英语口译二级精讲班第10讲讲义篇章练习篇章练习In no other country is the public as aware of or as interested in what the WTO isand what it means for their future. In China, countless numbers of books andarticles have been published, and numerous television and radio programs aired,on this subject 1. Just type in the words “China and the WTO" on any internetsearch engine and you will find hundreds of websites devoted to this topic. In theWTO, China has shown a desire to play a significant role in shaping the futuredirection of the organization and to ensure success in the Doha Round・ And weneed China to play this role, and support the efforts to put the Round back ontrack, by helping to build a bridge that will serve the ambitions of both thedeveloping and developed world. //Failure to advance the Doha Round would certainly be a lost opportunity forChina, as well as for other countries, to benefit from the economic growth thatfurther liberalization can generate2・ The absence of new progress in the DohaRound would further damage confidence in our already fragile global economy3.Despite China's strong economic performance, many of you, will of course, havefelt the impact of the global economic slow-down. Global investment flows in2002 fell for the third consecutive year to US$651 billion dollars一half the peakreached in 2000. Trade flows recovered last year after a decline in 2001 - butthey are still well below levels achieved in 2000. //Let me briefly now touch upon some of the elements of the Doha DevelopmentAgenda Work Program which are critical to advancing the Round・ Indeed, thechallenges China faces highlight some of the pressing issues confronting theWTO as it tries to live up to its mission of facilitating global prosperity.Notwithstanding the major achievements made in past rounds, there remainserious impediments to trade in agriculture, in industrial goods and in services.//Tariff peaks and developed country tariffs which escalate with the level ofprocessing are of particular concern for developing countries. But so are hightariffs between developing countries・ Barriers to trade tend to be concentratedin agriculture, food products, textiles and clothing and other manufactured goodsin which developing countries have comparative advantage. In agriculture, theseimpediments are also severely compounded by the fact that developing countriesalso have tocompete in markets where huge subsidies abound 一to the tune of 1billion dollars a day in OECD countrie$4. //Delivery on the Doha mandate on agriculture should help China toaddress its concern to raise rural incomes in order to avoidexcessive migration to urban centers.女士们、先生们，任何一个国家的公众对WTO本身和WTO对他们将来影响的认识和兴趣，都没有中国的公众这么高。
英语口译（二级）精讲班第1讲讲义001 二级口译实务考试介绍Lecture 11、二级口译实务考试介绍英语口译二级考试分《口译综合能力》和《口译实务》测试两部分，旨在检测应试者的口译实践能力是否达到专业译员水平。
合格的应试者应能熟练运用口译技巧，完整准确地译出原话内容，无错译漏译。
英语口译实务（二级）考试含“英汉交替传译”和“汉英交替传译”。
题量各占50%，含总量约1000单词的英语讲话两篇和总量约1000汉字的汉语讲话两篇，时间约60分钟。
考试内容涉及政治、经济、文化、外交、旅游、信息科技、经融贸易、环境保护、卫生健康等，跟翻译专业所要求掌握的知识和技能相一致，要求应试者知识结构分布合理，专业技能达到一定的水平。
英语口译实务考试一律采取现场录音的方式，考试结果记录在磁带上。
考试的评分标准非常细化，一个考生的磁带要有两个以上的人去听，并且听出来的结果基本一致，最后再由专家组根据考生录音核定成绩。
应该说英语口译实务（二级）考试具有一定的挑战性，要求应试者过语言关、知识关和技术关，同时还要有稳定的心理因素。
按照翻译专业人员的四个等级来划分，即：助理翻译、翻译、副译审和译审，二级就是翻译级，也就是我们所说的中级职称。
因此，二级口译试题的定位基本上是针对大学外语专业比较优秀的毕业生，经过几年的翻译实践应能达到的水平。
二级口译考试模块的设计也是基于这一理念，即要求应试者具备比较全面的知识结构和良好的双语互译能力。
具体说来，应试者应具备良好的语言知识（Linguistic Knowledge）、语言外的知识（Extra-Linguistic Knowledge）以及分析能力（Analysis）。
同时应试者还应具备敏锐的听力、良好的短时记忆、行之有效的笔记、以及准确灵活的双语表达等口译所必须的基本能力。
2、口译学习讲解技巧和语言基本功相结合。
课程讲解同时关注这两点。
3、口译技巧介绍口译技巧( Interpretation Techniques) 根据口译步骤（信息接收—信息储存—信息处理—信息输出）为基础，总结出以下技巧：(2)思维理解1—逻辑分析；(3)思维理解2—信息视觉；(4)思维理解3 —将认知信息纳入理解轨道(5)记忆机制1—瞬时记忆、短时记忆、长时记忆；(6)记忆机制2－记忆训练方法；(7)笔记方法1—记什么?(8)笔记方法2—怎么记?(9)数字口译1—单纯数字口译(10)数字口译2—数字与信息相结合(11)习语的口译；(12)模糊信息处理技巧；(13) 口译中的文化差异；(14) 口译中的句法转换；(15) 语境因素处理技巧；(16) 临场应变技巧。
考研英语二翻译课件Passage 11生词Investment投资Investor投资者Be incapable of doing sth 不能够做某事、无法做某事Currency 货币Slow 下滑---rise增长Weight 高点the Federal Reserve 美联储jointly intervene to do sth 联手干预某事prop up支持the European currency= the euro欧元looking sickly 显得疲软theories 说法the European Central Bank= the ECB欧洲中央银行the euro-area economies欧元区经济are immune to sth对..免疫fighting inflation克服通货膨胀supporting growth支持经济增长plausible explanation合理的解释in and uncertain global economic climate在全球经济不稳定的情况下has resumed its traditional role as a safe-heaven currency重新获得了安全货币的传统角色reckon that认为is undervalued被低估a rebound 反弹optimistic乐观的predicting a rate预测汇率二、长难句解析1. International investors seem incapable of ending their love affair with the dollar.国际投资者们似乎无法舍弃他们对美元的偏爱。
2.America’s economy has slowed sharply this year, yet its currencyhas risen to a 15-year high in trade-weighted terms.本年度，美国的经济已急剧下滑，然而，美元却增长到了15年来的高点。
Although not so world widely accepted, people who are emotionally weak in daily business are often losers who are not able to fulfill any fruitful achievements in their lifetime that they endure.Science developed as an autonomous method of intellectual inquiry that successfully disengaged itself from the social constrains of organized religion and from the political constrains of the centralized modern authority.Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners: and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business.Private businessmen. striving to make profits, produce these goods andservices in competition with other businessmen; and the profit motive, operating under competitive pressures, largely determines how these goods and services are produced.Under a system deployed on the white house website for the first time at last time, those who want to send a message to President Bush must now navigate as many as nine web pages and fill out a detailed form that starts by asking whether the sender of the message supports the white house policy or differs with it.These comments, whether accepted, clarified the norms and requirements of the covenant which was already in power in practice and enabled the committee to make a significant contribution to the justice promotion in a particular right or issue, while other article has failed to function as has been expected in those meetings which was held with great hope.The American economic system is organized around a basicallyprivate-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind and it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanation.Science moves forward，they say，not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools.In short，a leader of the new school contends，the scientific revolution，as we call it，was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions.Over the years，tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science.Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa（反之）often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount，reliability，and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.During this transfer，traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study.Under modern conditions，this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts.In the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization—with all the farreaching changes in social patterns that followed—was spread over nearly a century，whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so.The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied.Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with across-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science. Tylor defined culture as “… that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.”Being interested in the relationship of the language and thought，Whorf developed the idea that the structure of the language determines the structure of habitual thought in a societyWhorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which，in its strongest from，states that language imprisons the mind，and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce farreaching consequences for the culture of a societyI shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic(苏格拉底) way about moral problems .Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations.It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience ; but this effect is not a part of its original motive。
２０１７考研英语(二)翻译强化主讲人:武峰翻译的５４字原则句子直译为主词汇意译为主顺序直译为主倒装意译为辅拆分断句清晰代词指明要点词性转换明确固定搭配熟悉增词减词适当一㊁考察内容:１词汇考研大纲中所有词汇的用法２语法长难句分析３语篇上下文的联系主要考察代词的用法二㊁词汇的基本难点及解决:１词意的曲解ａｌｅａｄｅｒｏｆｔｈｅｎｅｗｓｃｈｏｏｌｃｏｎｔｅｎｄｓ中ꎬｓｃｈｏｏｌ?是 学派 的意思ꎬ而不是 学校 的意思ꎻｗｈｅｎｔｈｅｑｕａｌｉｔｉｅｓｔｏｂｅｍｅａｓｕｒｅｄ中ｑｕａｌｉｔｙ?是 特征 的意思ꎬ而不是 质量 的意思ꎻｅｌｅｇａｎｔｓｙｓｔｅｍ中ꎬｅｌｅｇａｎｔ?是 完美ꎬ完善 的意思ꎬ而不是 优雅 的意思ꎻｔｈｅｒｅｉｓａｎａｇｒｅｅｄａｃｃｏｕｎｔｏｆｈｕｍａｎｒｉｇｈｔｓ中ꎬａｃｃｏｕｎｔ?１认识ꎬ看法 的意思ꎬ而不是 帐户 的意思ꎻｓｏｍｅｒｅｓｐｅｃｔｅｄｉｄｅａｓ中ꎬｒｅｓｐｅｃｔｅｄ?公认 的意思ꎬ而不是 受人尊敬的 的意思ꎻａｐｐｒｏｐｒｉａｔｅｔｏｖａｒｉｏｕｓｂｒａｎｃｈｏｆｈｉｓｔｏｒｉｃａｌｉｎｑｕｉｒｙ中ꎬｉｎｑｕｉｒｙ?是 研究ꎬ探究ꎬ探索 的意思ꎬ而不是 询问 的意思ꎻａｒｉｓｉｎｇｆｒｏｍｍａｓｓｍｉｇｒａｔｉｏｎｍｏｖｅｍｅｎｔ中ꎬｍｏｖｅｍｅｎｔ?是 移动ꎬ流动 的意思ꎬ而不是 运动Ａｎｄｈｏｍｅａｐｐｌｉａｎｃｅｓｗｉｌｌｂｅｃｏｍｅｓｏｓｍａｒｔｔｈａｔ...中ꎬｓｍａｒｔ?是 智能化 的意思ꎬ而不是 聪明 的意思ꎻａｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙｏｆｂｅｈａｖｉｏｒｗｉｌｌｃｏｎｔｉｎｕｅｔｏｂｅｒｅｊｅｃｔｅｄ中ꎬｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ?是 方法ꎬ研究方法 的意思ꎬ而不是 技术ｌｉｋｅｔｈｅｃｏｎｃｅｐｔｏｆｓｅｔｉｎｍａｔｈｅｍａｔｉｃｓ中ꎬｓｅｔ?是 集ꎬ集合 而不是 一套ꎬ放置 的意思ꎻｗｅａｒｅｏｂｌｉｇｅｄｔｏｔｈｅｍ中ꎬｏｂｌｉｇｅ?感谢ꎬ感激 的意思ꎬ而不是 被迫ａｆａｃｔｕｎｄｅｒｌｉｎｅｄｂｙｓｔａｔｉｓｔｉｃｓ中ꎬｕｎｄｅｒｌｉｎｅ?是 强调ꎬ表明ꎬ突出 的意思ꎬ而不是 下划线 的意思.......ꎮ２解决方法①词义选择的重要性②根据词性㊁词根㊁词缀来确定词义③根据上下文和汉语习惯搭配来确定词义Ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒꎬｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄｉｓｓｏｍａｄｅｔｈａｔｔｈｅｅｌｅｇａｎｔｓｙｓｔｅｍａｒｅｉｎｐｒｉｎｃｉｐｌｅｕｎａｂｌｅｔｏｄｅａｌｗｉｔｈｓｏｍｅｏｆｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄ ｓｍｏｒｅｆａｓｃｉｎａｔｉｎｇａｎｄｄｅｌｉｇｈｔｆｕｌａｓｐｅｃｔｓ.三㊁长难句的基本解决方法１看懂原文ꎬ了解文章的基本含义２进行拆分寻觅句主干ꎬ前瞻与后看ꎬ不管从插代ꎬ拆分即可翻ꎮＨｉｓｓｔａｔｅｏｆｗｅａｋｎｅｓｓｗａｓｓｕｃｈｔｈａｔｈｅｗａｓｕｎａｂｌｅｔｏｄｉｇｅｓｔａｎｙｆｏｏｄꎬｈｅｃｏｎｓｕｍｅｄｂｙｆｅｖｅｒꎬａｎｄｈｅｗｏｕｌｄｈａｖｅｄｉｅｄｂｕｔｆｏｒｔｈｅｎｔｉｏｎｏｆｈｉｓｆｒｉｅｎｄｓｗｈｏｒｅｓｃｕｅｄｈｉｍｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｅｘｃｅｓｓｅｓｉｎｔｏｗｈｉｃｈｈｅｈａｄｂｅｅｎｔｈｒｏｗｉｎｇｈｉｍｓｅｌｆ.３拆分的信号词•㊀标点符号•㊀连词:如ａｎｄꎬｏｒꎬｂｕｔꎬｙｅｔꎬｆｏｒ等并列连词连接着并列句ꎻ还有连接状语从句的连２接词ꎬ如:ｗｈｅｎꎬａｓꎬｓｉｎｃｅꎬｕｎｔｉｌꎬｂｅｆｏｒｅꎬａｆｔｅｒꎬｗｈｅｒｅꎬｂｅｃａｕｓｅꎬｓｉｎｃｅꎬｔｈｏｕｇｈꎬａｌｔｈｏｕｇｈꎬｓｏｔｈａｔꎬ......等等•㊀关系词:如连接名词性从句的ｗｈｏꎬｗｈｏｍꎬｗｈｏｓｅꎬｗｈａｔꎬｗｈｉｃｈꎬｗｈａｔｅｖｅｒꎬｗｈｉｃｈｅｖｅｒ等关系代词和ｗｈｅｎꎬｗｈｅｒｅꎬｈｏｗꎬｗｈｙ等关系副词ꎻ还有连接定语从句的关系代词ꎬ如ｗｈｏꎬｗｈｉｃｈꎬｔｈａｔꎬｗｈｏｍꎬｗｈｏｓｅ等等•㊀介词:如ｏｎꎬｉｎꎬｗｉｔｈꎬａｔꎬｏｆꎬｔｏ等介词常常引导介词短语作修饰语•㊀不定式符号ｔｏ:不定式常常构成不定式短语做定语或者状语修饰语ꎬ•㊀分词:过去分词和现在分词可以构成分词短语作修饰语ꎬ所以可以是拆分点ꎮＳｏｃｉａｌｓｃｉｅｎｃｅｉｓｔｈａｔｂｒａｎｃｈｏｆｉｎｔｅｌｌｅｃｔｕａｌｅｎｑｕｉｒｙｗｈｉｃｈｓｅｅｋｓｔｏｓｔｕｄｙｈｕｍａｎｓａｎｄｔｈｅｉｒｅｎｄｅａｖｏｒｓｉｎｔｈｅｓａｍｅｒｅａｓｏｎｅｄꎬｏｒｄｅｒｌｙꎬｓｙｓｔｅｍａｔｉｃꎬａｎｄｄｉｓｐａｓｓｉｏｎｅｄｍａｎｎｅｒｔｈａｔｎａｔｕｒａｌｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｓｔｓｕｓｅｆｏｒｔｈｅｓｔｕｄｙｏｆｎａｔｕｒａｌｐｈｅｎｏｍｅｎａ.给分原则:分段给分㊁采点给分的原则４改变原文顺序ꎬ组合汉语译文ａ)在英语中定语从句总是在所修饰的名词后面ꎬ而汉语中定语一般在所修饰的名词之前ꎻｂ)但是如果英语的定语从句过于复杂ꎬ放在所修饰的名词前ꎬ句子会很不通顺ꎬ这时就可以把定语从句放在所修饰的名词后面来翻译ꎬ独立成为一句ｃ)简短的状语可以放在所修饰的动词前面ꎻｄ)复杂的状语从句可以安排在整个句子主干的前面或者后面ꎻｅ)在英语中被动句使用很多ꎬ而汉语中主动句则使用很多ꎬ所以翻译的时候可以少用 被 字句ꎬ用别的词来代替 被 字或者转化成主动句等等ꎮ例句:鲁迅先生在斗争中创造了杂文ꎬ成了文学艺术中的奇葩ꎮ上级领导为了严肃法纪ꎬ决定给他行政记过处分ꎬ并赔偿部分经济损失ꎮ５重读定语从句:１.定语从句的前置合译法:Ｏｎｔｈｅｗｈｏｌｅꎬｓｕｃｈａｃｏｎｃｌｕｓｉｏｎｃａｎｂｅｄｒａｗｎｗｉｔｈａｃｅｒｔａｉｎｄｅｇｒｅｅｏｆｃｏｎｆｉｄｅｎｃｅꎬｂｕｔｏｎｌｙｉｆｔｈｅｃｈｉｌｄｃａｎｂｅａｓｓｕｍｅｄｔｏｈａｖｅｈａｄｔｈｅｓａｍｅａｔｔｉｔｕｄｅｔｏｗａｒｄｓｔｈｅｔｅｓｔａｓｔｈｅｏｔｈｅｒｓｗｉｔｈｗｈｏｍｈｅｉｓｂｅｉｎｇｃｏｍｐａｒｅｄꎬａｎｄｏｎｌｙｉｆｈｅｗａｓｎｏｔｐｕｎｉｓｈｅｄｂｙｌａｃｋｏｆｒｅｌｅｖａｎｔｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｗｈｉｃｈｔｈｅｙｐｏｓｓｅｓｓｅｄ.译文:总的来说ꎬ得出这种结论是有一定程度把握的ꎬ但是必须具备两个条件:能够假定这个孩子对测试的态度和与他比较的另一些孩子的态度相同ꎻ他也没有因为缺乏别的孩子已掌握的有关知识而被扣分ꎮ３２.定语从句的前置合译法与后置分译法:Ｂｅｈａｖｉｏｒｉｓｔｓｓｕｇｇｅｓｔｔｈａｔｔｈｅｃｈｉｌｄｗｈｏｉｓｒａｉｓｅｄｉｎａｎｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔｗｈｅｒｅｔｈｅｒｅａｒｅｍａｎｙｓｔｉｍｕｌｉｗｈｉｃｈｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｈｉｓｏｒｈｅｒｃａｐａｃｉｔｙｆｏｒａｐｐｒｏｐｒｉａｔｅｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｅｗｉｌｌｅｘｐｅｒｉｅｎｃｅｇｒｅａｔｅｒｉｎｔｅｌｌｅｃｔｕａｌｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔ.译文:行为主义者认为ꎬ如果儿童的成长环境里有许多刺激因素ꎬ这些因素又有利于其适当反应能力的发展ꎬ那么ꎬ儿童的智力就会发展到较高的水平ꎮ３.Ｔｈｅｙ(ｔｈｅｐｏｏｒ)ａｒｅｔｈｅｆｉｒｓｔｔｏｅｘｐｅｒｉｅｎｃｅｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｐｒｏｇｒｅｓｓａｓａｃｕｒｓｅｗｈｉｃｈｄｅｓｔｒｏｙｓｔｈｅｏｌｄｍｕｓｃｌｅ￣ｐｏｗｅｒｊｏｂｓｔｈａｔｐｒｅｖｉｏｕｓｇｅｎｅｒａｔｉｏｎｓｕｓｅｄａｓａｍｅａｎｓｔｏｆｉｇｈｔｔｈｅｉｒｗａｙｏｕｔｏｆｐｏｖｅｒｔｙ.对于以往几代人来说ꎬ旧式的体力劳动是一种用以摆脱贫困的手段ꎬ而技术的进步则摧毁了穷人赖以为生的体力劳动ꎬ因此首先体验到技术进步之害的是穷人ꎮ４.定语从句的溶合变译法ꎻＴｈｉｓａｓｓｕｍｐｔｉｏｎｒｅｓｔｓｏｎｔｈｅｆａｌｌａｃｙｏｆｔｈｅｉｎｈｅｒｅｎｔｌａｚｉｎｅｓｓｉｎｈｕｍａｎｎａｔｕｒｅꎻａｃｔｕａｌｌｙꎬａｓｉｄｅｆｒｏｍａｂｎｏｒｍａｌｌｙｌａｚｙｐｅｏｐｌｅꎬｔｈｅｒｅｗｏｕｌｄｂｅｖｅｒｙｆｅｗｗｈｏｗｏｕｌｄｎｏｔｗａｎｔｔｏｅａｒｎｍｏｒｅｔｈａｎｔｈｅｍｉｎｉｍｕｍꎬａｎｄｗｈｏｗｏｕｌｄｐｒｅｆｅｒｔｏｄｏｎｏｔｈｉｎｇｒａｔｈｅｒｔｈａｎｗｏｒｋ.(４８ｗｏｒｄｓ)译文:这种假设是依据这样的一种谬论:人的本性中存在天生的惰性ꎮ而实际上ꎬ除了特别懒惰的人以外ꎬ几乎没有人愿意挣只相当于最低生活维持费的钱ꎬ也没有人愿意饱食终日㊁无所事事ꎮ５.Ｐｒｉｏｒｔｏｔｈｅｔｗｅｎｔｉｅｔｈｃｅｎｔｕｒｙꎬｗｏｍｅｎｉｎｎｏｖｅｌｓｗｅｒｅｓｔｅｒｅｏｔｙｐｅｓｏｆｌａｃｋｉｎｇａｎｙｆｅａｔｕｒｅｓｔｈａｔｍａｄｅｔｈｅｍｕｎｉｑｕｅｉｎｄｉｖｉｄｕａｌｓａｎｄｗｅｒｅａｌｓｏｓｕｂｊｅｃｔｔｏｎｕｍｅｒｏｕｓｒｅｓｔｒｉｃｔｉｏｎｓｉｍｐｏｓｅｄｂｙｔｈｅｍａｌｅ￣ｄｏｍｉｎａｔｅｄｃｕｌｔｕｒｅ.在２０世纪以前ꎬ小说中的妇女像都是一个模式ꎮ她们没有任何特点ꎬ因而无法成为具有个性的人ꎻ他们还要屈从于由男性主宰的文化传统强加给他们的种种束缚ꎮ６.Ａｌｕｍｉｎｕｍｒｅｍａｉｎｅｄｕｎｋｎｏｗｎｕｎｔｉｌｔｈｅｎｉｎｅｔｅｅｎｔｈｃｅｎｔｕｒｙꎬｂｅｃａｕｓｅｎｏｗｈｅｒｅｉｎｎａｔｕｒｅｉｓｉｔｆｏｕｎｄｆｒｅｅꎬｏｗｉｎｇｔｏｉｔｓａｌｗａｙｓｂｅｉｎｇｃｏｍｂｉｎｅｄｗｉｔｈｏｔｈｅｒｅｌｅｍｅｎｔｓꎬｍｏｓｔｃｏｍｍｏｎｌｙｗｉｔｈｏｘｙｇｅｎꎬｆｏｒｗｈｉｃｈｉｔｈａｓａｓｔｒｏｎｇａｆｆｉｎｉｔｙ.铝总是跟其他元素结合在一起ꎬ最普遍的是跟氧结合ꎻ因为铝跟氧有很强的亲和力ꎬ由于这个原因ꎬ在自然界找不到游离状态的铝ꎮ所以ꎬ铝直到１９世纪才被人发现ꎮ７.ＴｈｅＧｒｅｅｋｓａｓｓｕｍｅｄｔｈａｔｔｈｅｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｏｆｌａｎｇｕａｇｅｈａｄｓｏｍｅｃｏｎｎｅｃｔｉｏｎｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｏｆｔｈｏｕｇｈｔꎬｗｈｉｃｈｔｏｏｋｒｏｏｔｓｉｎＥｕｒｏｐｅｌｏｎｇｂｅｆｏｒｅｐｅｏｐｌｅｒｅａｌｉｚｅｄｈｏｗｄｉｖｅｒｓｅｌａｎｇｕａｇｅｓｃｏｕｌｄｂｅ.译文:希腊人认为ꎬ语言结构与思维能力过程之间存在着某种联系ꎮ这一观点在人们尚未认识到语言的千差万别以前就早已在欧洲扎下了根ꎮ８.ＴｈｅｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆｔｈｅｙｏｕｎｇｐｅｏｐｌｅｉｎｔｈｅＵｎｉｔｅｄＳｔａｔｅｓｗｈｏｃａｎ ｔｒｅａｄｉｓｉｎｃｒｅｄｉｂｌｅａｂｏｕｔｏｎｅｉｎｆｏｕｒ.４大约有１/４的美国青年人没有阅读能力ꎬ这简直令人难以置信ꎮ(前置译法)分词翻译１.Ｅｖｅｎｗｈｅｎｗｅｔｕｒｎｏｆｆｔｈｅｂｅｓｉｄｅｌａｍｐａｎｄａｒｅｆａｓｔａｓｌｅｅｐꎬｅｌｅｃｔｒｉｃｉｔｙｉｓｗｏｒｋｉｎｇｆｏｒｕｓꎬｄｒｉｖｉｎｇｏｕｒｒｅｆｒｉｇｅｒａｔｏｒｓꎬｈｅａｔｉｎｇｏｕｒｗａｔｅｒꎬｏｒｋｅｅｐｉｎｇｏｕｒｒｏｏｍｓａｉｒ￣ｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｅｄ.(现在分词正常使用)即使在我们关掉了床头灯深深地进入梦乡时ꎬ电仍在为我们工作:开动电冰箱ꎬ把水加热ꎬ或使室内空调机继续运转ꎮ２.ＴａｋｉｎｇｔｈｅｔｒａｉｎꎬｔｈｅｔｗｏｆｒｉｅｎｄｓａｒｒｉｖｅｄｉｎＢｅｒｌｉｎｉｎｌａｔｅＯｃｔｏｂｅｒ１９２２ꎬａｎｄｗｅｎｔｄｉｒｅｃｔｌｙｔｏｔｈｅａｄｄｒｅｓｓｏｆＣｈｏｕ￣ＥｎＬａｉ.他们两个人坐火车于１９２２年３月到柏林ꎬ立即去周恩来的住处ꎮＴｈｅｆａｒｍｅｒｏｆ１８００ꎬｕｓｉｎｇａｈａｎｄｓｉｃｋｌｅꎬｃｏｕｌｄｈｏｐｅｔｏｃｕｔａｆｉｆｔｈｏｆａｈｅｃｔａｒｅｏｆｗｈｅａｔａｄａｙ.在１８００年ꎬ一个农民ꎬ使用镰刀ꎬ在一天内可望收割五分之一公顷小麦ꎮ３.ＷｈｅｎＣｈｏｕＥｎＬａｉ ｓｄｏｏｒｏｐｅｎｅｄｔｈｅｙｓａｗａｓｌｅｎｄｅｒｍａｎｏｆｍｏｒｅｔｈａｎａｖｅｒａｇｅｈｅｉｇｈｔｗｉｔｈｇｌｅａｍｉｎｇｅｙｅｓａｎｄａｆａｃｅｓｏｓｔｒｉｋｉｎｇｔｈａｔｉｔｂｏｒｄｅｒｅｄｏｎｔｈｅｂｅａｕｔｉｆｕｌ.周恩来的房门打开时ꎬ他们看到的是一个身材瘦小㊁比普通人略高一点的人ꎬ两眼闪着光辉ꎬ面貌很引人注意ꎬ称得上清秀ꎮ４.Ｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｐｒｉｃｅｓａｎｄｈｏｕｓｅｒｅｎｔｓｉｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇｒａｐｉｄｌｙꎬｍａｎｙｙｏｕｎｇｕｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｇｒａｄｕａｔｅｓｃａｎｎｏｔｅａｒｎｔｈｅｉｒｌｉｖｉｎｇꎬｌｅｔａｌｏｎｅｓｕｐｐｏｒｔｐａｒｅｎｔｓ.随着物价和房租迅速上涨ꎬ许多年轻大学毕业生无法挣钱养活自己ꎬ更不用说赡养父母ꎮ５.ＳｉｔｕａｔｅｄａｔｔｈｅｂａｓｅｏｆｔｈｅＭｔ.ＬｏｆｔｙＲａｎｇｅｓꎬＡｄｅｌａｉｄｅｅｎｊｏｙｓａＭｅｄｉｔｅｒｒａｎｅａｎｃｌｉｍａｔｅ.阿德莱德位于罗夫迪岭山麓ꎬ属地中海型气候ꎮＴｈｉｓａｒｅａꎬｎｏｔｅｄｆｏｒｉｔｓｂｅａｕｔｉｆｕｌｓｃｅｎｅｒｙꎬｗａｓｃｏｕｎｔｅｄａｓｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｅｉｇｈｔｏｕｔｓｔａｎｄｉｎｇｖｉｅｗｓｏｆＢｅｉｊｉｎｇ.附近风光秀丽ꎬ过去是燕京八景之一ꎮ６.ＩｇｎｏｒｉｎｇｔｈｅｃｈａｉｒｏｆｆｅｒｅｄｈｉｍꎬＣｈｕＴｅｈｓｔｏｏｄｓｑｕａｒｅｌｙｂｅｆｏｒｅｔｈｉｓｙｏｕｔｈｍｏｒｅｔｈａｎｔｅｎｙｅａｒｓｈｉｓｊｕｎｉｏｒａｎｄｉｎａｌｅｖｅｌｖｏｉｃｅｔｏｌｄｈｉｍｗｈｏｈｅｗａｓ.朱德顾不得拉过来的椅子ꎬ端端正正地站在这个比他年轻十几岁的青年面前ꎬ用平稳的语调说明自己的身份ꎮ被动语态的翻译１.Ｔｏｄａｙｔｈｉｓｔｒｅａｓｕｒｙｏｆｓｉｌｔｉｓｔｒａｐｐｅｄｂｅｈｉｎｄｔｈｅｄａｍꎬａｎｄｔｈｅｒｅｉｓｎｏｅｆｆｅｃｔｉｖｅｓｙｓｔｅｍ.５现在宝贵的泥沙让水坝给拦住了ꎬ却没有除盐的有效办法ꎮ２.ＹｅｔｔｈｅＮｉｌｅｈａｓｂｅｅｎｃｈａｎｇｅｄｂｙｍｏｄｅｒｎｍａｎｉｎｗａｙｓｎｏｔｙｅｔｆｕｌｌｙｕｎｄｅｒｓｔｏｏｄ.然而现代的人却让尼罗河发生了变化ꎬ不过就连他们自己也不完全了解尼罗河究竟发生了什么变化ꎮ３.Ｂｅｃａｕｓｅｉｔｉｓｖｅｒｙｓｌｉｐｐｅｒｙꎬｉｔｉｓｕｓｅｄｆｏｒｌｕｂｒｉｃａｔｉｏｎ.因为它非常润滑ꎬ所以可以用作润滑剂ꎮ４.Ｖｅｇｅｔａｂｌｅｏｉｌｈａｓｂｅｅｎｋｎｏｗｎｆｒｏｍａｎｔｉｑｕｉｔｙ.植物油自古以来就为人们所熟悉ꎮ５.Ｗｈｅｎｔｈｅｃｒｕｄｅｏｉｌｉｓｏｂｔａｉｎｅｄｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｆｉｅｌｄꎬｉｔｉｓｔａｋｅｎｔｏｔｈｅｒｅｆｉｎｅｒｙｔｏｂｅｔｒｅａｔｅｄ.Ｔｈｅｃｏｍｍｏｎｅｓｔｆｏｒｍｏｆｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔｉｓｈｅａｔｉｎｇ.Ｗｈｅｎｔｈｅｏｉｌｉｓｈｅａｔｉｎｇꎬｔｈｅｆｉｒｓｔｖａｐｏｒｓｔｏｒｉｓｅａｒｅｃｏｏｌｅｄａｎｄｂｅｃｏｍｅｔｈｅｆｉｎｅｓｔｐｅｔｒｏｌ.Ｐｅｔｒｏｌｈａｓａｌｏｗｂｏｉｌｉｎｇｐｏｉｎｔꎻｉｆａｌｉｔｔｌｅｉｓｐｏｕｒｅｄｉｎｔｏｔｈｅｈａｎｄꎬｉｔｓｏｏｎｖａｐｏｒｉｚｅｄ.Ｇａｓｔｈａｔｃｏｍｅｓｏｆｆｔｈｅｏｉｌｌａｔｅｒｉｓｃｏｎｄｅｎｓｅｄｉｎｔｏｐａｒａｆｆｉｎ.Ｌａｓｔｏｆａｌｌｔｈｅｌｕｂｒｉｃａｔｉｎｇｏｉｌｓｏｆｖａｒｉｏｕｓｇｒａｄｅｓａｒｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｅｄ.Ｗｈａｔｒｅｍａｉｎｓｉｓｈｅａｖｙｏｉｌｔｈａｔｉｓｕｓｅｄａｓｆｕｅｌ.油田打出原油以后ꎬ便送到炼油厂去处理ꎮ最普通的处理就是加热ꎮ石油经过加热ꎬ最先冒出来的蒸汽冷却后就是质量最高的汽油ꎮ汽油的沸点低ꎬ倒一点在手上ꎬ很快就挥发了ꎮ随后从石油分离出来的气体可以浓缩为煤油ꎮ最后产生的是各种等级的润滑油ꎮ剩下的便是重油了ꎬ可以用作燃料ꎮ代词的翻译１.Ｉｔｍａｙｓｅｅｍｓｔｒａｎｇｅｔｏｐｕｔｉｎｔｏｔｈｅｓａｍｅｐａｃｋｅｔａｎｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｉａｌｒｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎａｎｄｔｗｏｐｏｌｉｔｉｃａｌｒｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｓ.Ｂｕｔｔｈｅｆａｃｔｉｓｔｈａｔｔｈｅｙｗｅｒｅａｌｌｓｏｃｉａｌｒｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｓ.参考译文:把一场产业革命和两场政治革命归为一类ꎬ看上去似乎有些奇怪ꎬ但是事实上ꎬ这三场革命都是社会革命ꎮ２.ＴｗｏｔｈｉｎｇｓａｒｅｏｕｔｓｔａｎｄｉｎｇｉｎｔｈｅｃｒｅａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅＥｎｇｌｉｓｈｓｙｓｔｅｍｏｆｃａｎａｌｓꎬａｎｄｔｈｅｙｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｚｅａｌｌｔｈｅＩｎｄｕｓｔｒｉａｌＲｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎ.参考译文:有两点在修建/建造英国运河网中特别突出ꎬ而这两点正是整个工业革命的特点ꎮ３.Ｔｈｅｃａｎａｌｓｗｅｒｅａｒｔｅｒｉｅｓｏｆｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓ:ｔｈｅｙｗｅｒｅｎｏｔｍａｄｅｔｏｃａｒｒｙｐｌｅａｓｕｒｅｂｏａｔｓꎬｂｕｔｂａｒｇｅｓ.参考译文:运河是交通的动脉ꎬ开凿运河不是为了通行游船ꎬ而是为了通行驳船ꎮ４.ＪａｍｅｓＢｒｉｎｄｌｅｙｗａｓａｐｉｏｎｅｅｒｉｎｔｈｅａｒｔｏｆｂｕｉｌｄｉｎｇｃａｎａｌｓｏｒꎬａｓｉｔｗａｓｔｈｅｎｃａｌｌｅｄꎬ ｎａｖｉｇａｔｉｏｎ .参考译文:詹姆斯布瑞德雷是开凿运河的先驱ꎬ人们当时把开凿运河叫做 ｎａｖｉｇａｔｉｏｎ ꎮ６考研英语(二)翻译真题(２０１０－２０１６)２０１０英语(二)翻译试题Ｓｕｓｔａｉｎａｂｉｌｉｔｙ ｈａｓｂｅｃｏｍｅａｐｏｐｕｌａｒｗｏｒｄｔｈｅｓｅｄａｙｓꎬｂｕｔｔｏＴｅｄＮｉｎｇꎬｔｈｅｃｏｎｃｅｐｔｗｉｌｌａｌｗａｙｓｈａｖｅｐｅｒｓｏｎａｌｍｅａｎｉｎｇ.Ｈａｖｉｎｇｅｎｄｕｒｅｄａｐａｉｎｆｕｌｐｅｒｉｏｄｏｆｕｎｓｕｓｔａｉｎａｂｉｌｉｔｙｉｎｈｉｓｏｗｎｌｉｆｅｍａｄｅｉｔｃｌｅａｒｔｏｈｉｍｔｈａｔｓｕｓｔａｉｎａｂｉｌｉｔｙ￣ｏｒｉｅｎｔｅｄｖａｌｕｅｓｍｕｓｔｂｅｅｘｐｒｅｓｓｅｄｔｈｒｏｕｇｈｅｖｅｒｙｄａｙａｃｔｉｏｎａｎｄｃｈｏｉｃｅ.Ｎｉｎｇｒｅｃａｌｌｓｓｐｅｎｄｉｎｇａｃｏｎｆｕｓｉｎｇｙｅａｒｉｎｔｈｅｌａｔｅ１９９０ｓｓｅｌｌｉｎｇｉｎｓｕｒａｎｃｅ.Ｈｅ ｄｂｅｅｎｔｈｒｏｕｇｈｔｈｅｄｏｔ￣ｃｏｍｂｏｏｍａｎｄｂｕｒｓｔａｎｄꎬｄｅｓｐｅｒａｔｅｆｏｒａｊｏｂꎬｓｉｇｎｅｄｏｎｗｉｔｈａＢｏｕｌｄｅｒａｇｅｎｃｙ.Ｉｔｄｉｄｎ ｔｇｏｗｅｌｌ. Ｉｔｗａｓａｒｅａｌｌｙｂａｄｍｏｖｅｂｅｃａｕｓｅｔｈａｔ ｓｎｏｔｍｙｐａｓｓｉｏｎꎬ ｓａｙｓＮｉｎｇꎬｗｈｏｓｅｄｉｌｅｍｍａａｂｏｕｔｔｈｅｊｏｂｔｒａｎｓｌａｔｅｄꎬｐｒｅｄｉｃｔａｂｌｙꎬｉｎｔｏａｌａｃｋｏｆｓａｌｅｓ. Ｉｗａｓｍｉｓｅｒａｂｌｅ.ＩｈａｄｓｏｍｕｃｈａｎｘｉｅｔｙｔｈａｔＩｗｏｕｌｄｗａｋｅｕｐｉｎｔｈｅｍｉｄｄｌｅｏｆｔｈｅｎｉｇｈｔａｎｄｓｔａｒｅａｔｔｈｅｃｅｉｌｉｎｇ.Ｉｈａｄｎｏｍｏｎｅｙａｎｄｎｅｅｄｅｄｔｈｅｊｏｂ.Ｅｖｅｒｙｏｎｅｓａｉｄꎬ Ｊｕｓｔｗａｉｔꎬｙｏｕ ｌｌｔｕｒｎｔｈｅｃｏｒｎｅｒꎬｇｉｖｅｉｔｓｏｍｅｔｉｍｅ. Ｏｎｅｐｏｓｓｉｂｌｅｖｅｒｓｉｏｎ:当今ꎬ 可持续性 已经成为了一个流行的词语ꎮ但是ꎬ对特德宁来说ꎬ他对这个词有着自身的体会ꎮ他在忍受了一段痛苦的㊁难以为续的生活之后ꎬ他清楚地认识到ꎬ以可持续发展为导向的价值必须通过日常的活动和做出的选择表现出来ꎮ宁回忆了在上个世纪９０年代末期的某一年ꎬ他卖保险ꎬ那是一种浑浑噩噩的生活ꎮ他在经历了网络的兴盛和衰败之后ꎬ非常渴望得到一份工作ꎬ于是和一家博德的代理公司签了合约ꎮ事情进展不顺ꎬ 那的确是很糟糕的一种选择ꎬ因为那并非是我的激情所在ꎬ 宁如是说ꎮ可以想象ꎬ他这种工作上的窘境是由于销售业绩不良造成的ꎮ 我觉得很悲哀ꎮ我太担心了ꎬ我会在半夜醒来ꎬ盯着天花板ꎮ没有钱ꎬ我需要这份工作ꎮ每个人都会说ꎬ等吧ꎬ总会有转机的ꎬ给点时间吧ꎮ２０１１英语(二)翻译试题ＷｈｏｗｏｕｌｄｈａｖｅｔｈｏｕｇｈｔｔｈａｔꎬｇｌｏｂａｌｌｙꎬｔｈｅＩＴｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙｐｒｏｄｕｃｅｓａｂｏｕｔｔｈｅｓａｍｅｖｏｌｕｍｅｓｏｆｇｒｅｅｎｈｏｕｓｅｇａｓｅｓａｓｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄ ｓａｉｒｌｉｎｅｓｄｏ￣ｒｏｕｇｈ２ｐｅｒｃｅｎｔｏｆａｌｌＣＯ２ｅｍｉｓｓｉｏｎｓ?７Ｍａｎｙｅｖｅｒｙｄａｙｔａｓｋｓｔａｋｅａｓｕｒｐｒｉｓｉｎｇｔｏｌｌｏｎｔｈｅｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔ.ＡＧｏｏｇｌｅｓｅａｒｃｈｃａｎｌｅａｋｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ０.２ａｎｄ７.０ｇｒａｍｓｏｆＣＯ２ｄｅｐｅｎｄｉｎｇｏｎｈｏｗｍａｎｙａｔｔｅｍｐｔｓａｒｅｎｅｅｄｅｄｔｏｇｅｔｔｈｅ ｒｉｇｈｔ ａｎｓｗｅｒ.ＴｏｄｅｌｉｖｅｒｒｅｓｕｌｔｓｔｏｉｔｓｕｓｅｒｓｑｕｉｃｋｌｙꎬｔｈｅｎꎬＧｏｏｇｌｅｈａｓｔｏｍａｉｎｔａｉｎｖａｓｔｄａｔａｃｅｎｔｒｅｓｒｏｕｎｄｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄꎬｐａｃｋｅｄｗｉｔｈｐｏｗｅｒｆｕｌｃｏｍｐｕｔｅｒｓ.ＷｈｉｌｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｉｎｇｌａｒｇｅｑｕａｎｔｉｔｉｅｓｏｆＣＯ２ꎬｔｈｅｓｅｃｏｍｐｕｔｅｒｓｅｍｉｔａｇｒｅａｔｄｅａｌｏｆｈｅａｔꎬｓｏｔｈｅｃｅｎｔｒｅｓｎｅｅｄｔｏｂｅｗｅｌｌａｉｒ￣ｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｅｄꎬｗｈｉｃｈｕｓｅｓｅｖｅｎｍｏｒｅｅｎｅｒｇｙ.ＨｏｗｅｖｅｒꎬＧｏｏｇｌｅａｎｄｏｔｈｅｒｂｉｇｔｅｃｈｐｒｏｖｉｄｅｒｓｍｏｎｉｔｏｒｔｈｅｉｒｅｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｃｙｃｌｏｓｅｌｙａｎｄｍａｋｅｉｍｐｒｏｖｅｍｅｎｔｓ.Ｍｏｎｉｔｏｒｉｎｇｉｓｔｈｅｆｉｒｓｔｓｔｅｐｏｎｔｈｅｒｏａｄｔｏｒｅｄｕｃｔｉｏｎꎬｂｕｔｔｈｅｒｅｉｓｍｕｃｈｔｏｂｅｄｏｎｅꎬａｎｄｎｏｔｊｕｓｔｂｙｂｉｇｃｏｍｐａｎｉｅｓ.Ｏｎｅｐｏｓｓｉｂｌｅｖｅｒｓｉｏｎ:有谁会想到ꎬ在全球范围内ꎬＩＴ行业产生的温室气体跟全球航空公司产生的一样多?占二氧化碳总排量的２％.很多日常工作对环境造成了让人震惊的破坏作用ꎮ根据你查询正确答案的尝试次数ꎬ谷歌搜索引擎会插手０.２－７克的二氧化碳的排放量ꎮ要快速将结果传递给用户ꎬ谷歌必须用强大和大量的计算机系统来维护全球巨大的数据库中心ꎮ这些计算机在散发大量热量的同时也产生大量的二氧化碳气体ꎮ所以中心处理器必须要有很好的散热装备ꎬ然而却耗能更多ꎮ然而ꎬ谷歌和其他高科技供应商严密监测其效率取得了进展ꎮ监测是减少二氧化碳排放量的第一步ꎬ但是还有很多事情需要我们去做ꎬ而这些事情不只是通过大公司来做ꎮ２０１２英语(二)翻译试题ＷｈｅｎｐｅｏｐｌｅｉｎｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｉｎｇｃｏｕｎｔｒｉｅｓｗｏｒｒｙａｂｏｕｔｍｉｇｒａｔｉｏｎꎬｔｈｅｙａｒｅｕｓｕａｌｌｙｃｏｎｃｅｒｎｅｄａｔｔｈｅｐｒｏｓｐｅｃｔｏｆｔｈｅｉｒｂｅｓｔａｎｄｂｒｉｇｈｔｅｓｔｄｅｐａｒｔｕｒｅｔｏＳｉｌｉｃｏｎＶａｌｌｅｙｏｒｔｏｈｏｓｐｉｔａｌｓａｎｄｕｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｉｅｓｉｎｔｈｅｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｅｄｗｏｒｌｄ.ＴｈｅｓｅａｒｅｔｈｅｋｉｎｄｏｆｗｏｒｋｅｒｓｔｈａｔｃｏｕｎｔｒｉｅｓｌｉｋｅＢｒｉｔａｉｎꎬＣａｎａｄａａｎｄＡｕｓｔｒａｌｉａｔｒｙｔｏａｔｔｒａｃｔｂｙｕｓｉｎｇｉｍｍｉｇｒａｔｉｏｎｒｕｌｅｓｔｈａｔｐｒｉｖｉｌｅｇｅｃｏｌｌｅｇｅｇｒａｄｕａｔｅｓ.Ｌｏｔｓｏｆｓｔｕｄｉｅｓｈａｖｅｆｏｕｎｄｔｈａｔｗｅｌｌ￣ｅｄｕｃａｔｅｄｐｅｏｐｌｅｆｒｏｍｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｉｎｇｃｏｕｎｔｒｉｅｓａｒｅｐａｒｔｉｃｕｌａｒｌｙｌｉｋｅｌｙｔｏｅｍｉｇｒａｔｅ.ＡｂｉｇｓｕｒｖｅｙｏｆＩｎｄｉａｎｈｏｕｓｅｈｏｌｄｓｉｎ２００４ｆｏｕｎｄｔｈａｔｎｅａｒｌｙ４０％ｏｆｅｍｉｇｒａｎｔｓｈａｄｍｏｒｅｔｈａｎａｈｉｇｈ￣ｓｃｈｏｏｌｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎꎬｃｏｍｐａｒｅｄｗｉｔｈａｒｏｕｎｄ３.３％ｏｆａｌｌＩｎｄｉａｎｓｏｖｅｒｔｈｅａｇｅｏｆ２５.Ｔｈｉｓ ｂｒａｉｎｄｒａｉｎ ｈａｓｌｏｎｇｂｏｔｈｅｒｅｄｐｏｌｉｃｙｍａｋｅｒｓｉｎｐｏｏｒｃｏｕｎｔｒｉｅｓ.Ｔｈｅｙｆｅａｒｔｈａｔｉｔｈｕｒｔｓｔｈｅｉｒｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｅｓꎬｄｅｐｒｉｖｉｎｇｔｈｅｍｏｆｍｕｃｈ￣ｎｅｅｄｅｄｓｋｉｌｌｅｄｗｏｒｋｅｒｓｗｈｏｃｏｕｌｄｈａｖｅｔａｕｇｈｔａｔｔｈｅｉｒｕｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｉｅｓꎬｗｏｒｋｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｉｒｈｏｓｐｉｔａｌｓａｎｄｃｏｍｅｕｐｗｉｔｈｃｌｅｖｅｒｎｅｗｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｓｆｏｒｔｈｅｉｒｆａｃｔｏｒｉｅｓｔｏｍａｋｅ.８Ｏｎｅｐｏｓｓｉｂｌｅｖｅｒｓｉｏｎ:发展中国家的人考虑移民时ꎬ通常关心的是到硅谷或发达国家的医院和大学里工作这样最美好最光明的前景ꎮ这些人正是英国㊁加拿大和澳大利亚等国家想要通过对大学毕业生提供优惠的移民条例来吸引的人才ꎮ许多研究表明ꎬ发展中国家受过良好教育的人尤其可能移民ꎮ２００４年对印度家庭的一项大规模调查表明ꎬ将近４０％移居国外的人受过高中以上教育ꎬ而与之形成对比的是:全印度２５岁以上受过高中以上教育的人约为３.３％ꎮ这种 人才流失 现象长期困扰着贫困国家的决策者ꎮ他们担心这会损害本国经济ꎬ使他们失去急需的熟练劳动者ꎬ这些人本可以留在国内在大学任教㊁在医院工作或设计新奇产品供工厂生产ꎮ２０１３英语(二)翻译试题Ｉｃａｎｐｉｃｋａｄａｔｅｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｐａｓｔ５３ｙｅａｒｓａｎｄｋｎｏｗｉｎｓｔａｎｔｌｙｗｈｅｒｅＩｗａｓꎬｗｈａｔｈａｐｐｅｎｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｎｅｗｓａｎｄｅｖｅｎｔｈｅｄａｙｏｆｔｈｅｗｅｅｋ.Ｉ ｖｅｂｅｅｎａｂｌｅｔｏｄｏｔｈｉｓｓｉｎｃｅＩｗａｓｆｏｕｒ.Ｉｎｅｖｅｒｆｅｅｌｏｖｅｒｗｈｅｌｍｅｄｗｉｔｈｔｈｅａｍｏｕｎｔｏｆｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｍｙｂｒａｉｎａｂｓｏｒｂｓｍｙｍｉｎｄｓｅｅｍｓｔｏｂｅａｂｌｅｔｏｃｏｐｅａｎｄｔｈｅｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｉｓｓｔｏｒｅｄａｗａｙｎｅａｔｌｙ.ＷｈｅｎＩｔｈｉｎｋｏｆａｓａｄｍｅｍｏｒｙꎬＩｄｏｗｈａｔｅｖｅｒｙｏｎｅｄｏｅｓ￣ｔｒｙｔｏｐｕｔｉｔｔｏｏｎｅｓｉｄｅ.Ｉｄｏｎ ｔｔｈｉｎｋｉｔ ｓｈａｒｄｅｒｆｏｒｍｅｊｕｓｔｂｅｃａｕｓｅｍｙｍｅｍｏｒｙｉｓｃｌｅａｒｅｒ.Ｐｏｗｅｒｆｕｌｍｅｍｏｒｙｄｏｅｓｎ ｔｍａｋｅｍｙｅｍｏｔｉｏｎｓａｎｙｍｏｒｅａｃｕｔｅｏｒｖｉｖｉｄ.ＩｃａｎｒｅｃａｌｌｔｈｅｄａｙｍｙｇｒａｎｄｆａｔｈｅｒｄｉｅｄａｎｄｔｈｅｓａｄｎｅｓｓＩｆｅｌｔｗｈｅｎｗｅｗｅｎｔｔｏｔｈｅｈｏｓｐｉｔａｌｔｈｅｄａｙｂｅｆｏｒｅ.ＩａｌｓｏｒｅｍｅｍｂｅｒｔｈａｔｔｈｅｍｕｓｉｃａｌｐｌａｙＨａｉｒｏｐｅｎｅｄｏｎｔｈｅＢｒｏａｄｗａｙｏｎｔｈｅｓａｍｅｄａｙ￣ｔｈｅｙｂｏｔｈｊｕｓｔｐｏｐｉｎｔｏｍｙｍｉｎｄｉｎｔｈｅｓａｍｅｗａｙ.Ｏｎｅｐｏｓｓｉｂｌｅｖｅｒｓｉｏｎ:我能从过去的５３年中挑选一个时间ꎬ并且立即知道我(那时)所处的位置ꎬ(那时)新闻中发生的事件ꎬ甚至那天是星期几ꎮ我具有这种能力可以追溯到我４岁的时候ꎮ对于我大脑接收的信息ꎬ我从来没有感到难以把握ꎮ我的大脑似乎能够处理(一切信息)ꎬ而且这些信息都被有条理的保存ꎮ当我想到悲伤的事情ꎬ我像其他所有人一样ꎬ努力把它们放到一边(以免影响我)ꎮ就是因为我的记忆是比较清晰有条理的ꎬ所以ꎬ我认为那些信息(对我来说)都不很困难ꎮ我强大的记忆力没有让我的情绪变得更敏感或者更真切ꎮ我能(清晰地)回忆起我祖父过世的那天的情景以及祖父去世前我们大家去医院看望他时的悲伤ꎮ我还能(清晰地)记得同一天在Ｂｒｏａｄｗａｙ上演的音乐剧«头发» 它们都同样地在我的脑海长久不衰ꎮ９２０１４英语(二)翻译试题Ｍｏｓｔｐｅｏｐｌｅｗｏｕｌｄｄｅｆｉｎｅｏｐｔｉｍｉｓｍａｓｂｅｉｎｇｅｎｄｌｅｓｓｌｙｈａｐｐｙꎬｗｉｔｈａｇｌａｓｓｔｈａｔ ｓｐｅｒｐｅｔｕａｌｌｙｈａｌｆｆｕｌｌ.Ｂｕｔｔｈａｔ ｓｅｘａｃｔｌｙｔｈｅｋｉｎｄｏｆｆａｌｓｅｃｈｅｅｒｆｕｌｎｅｓｓｔｈａｔｐｏｓｉｔｉｖｅｐｓｙｃｈｏｌｏｇｉｓｔｓｗｏｕｌｄｎ ｔｒｅｃｏｍｍｅｎｄ. Ｈｅａｌｔｈｙｏｐｔｉｍｉｓｍｍｅａｎｓｂｅｉｎｇｉｎｔｏｕｃｈｗｉｔｈｒｅａｌｉｔｙꎬ ｓａｙｓＴａｌＢｅｎ￣ＳｈａｈａｒꎬａＨａｒｖａｒｄｐｒｏｆｅｓｓｏｒ.ＡｃｃｏｒｄｉｎｇｔｏＢｅｎ￣Ｓｈａｈａｒꎬｒｅａｌｉｓｔｉｃｏｐｔｉｍｉｓｔｓａｒｅｔｈｏｓｅｗｈｏｍａｋｅｔｈｅｂｅｓｔｏｆｔｈｉｎｇｓｔｈａｔｈａｐｐｅｎꎬｂｕｔｎｏｔｔｈｏｓｅｗｈｏｂｅｌｉｅｖｅｅｖｅｒｙｔｈｉｎｇｈａｐｐｅｎｓｆｏｒｔｈｅｂｅｓｔ.Ｂｅｎ￣Ｓｈａｈａｒｕｓｅｓｔｈｒｅｅｏｐｔｉｍｉｓｔｉｃｅｘｅｒｃｉｓｅｓ.Ｗｈｅｎｈｅｆｅｅｌｓｄｏｗｎ ｓａｙꎬａｆｔｅｒｇｉｖｉｎｇａｂａｄｌｅｃｔｕｒｅ ｈｅｇｒａｎｔｓｈｉｍｓｅｌｆｐｅｒｍｉｓｓｉｏｎｔｏｂｅｈｕｍａｎ.ＨｅｒｅｍｉｎｄｓｈｉｍｓｅｌｆｔｈａｔｎｏｔｅｖｅｒｙｌｅｃｔｕｒｅｃａｎｂｅａＮｏｂｅｌｗｉｎｎｅｒꎬｓｏｍｅｗｉｌｌｂｅｌｅｓｓｅｆｆｅｃｔｉｖｅｔｈａｎｏｔｈｅｒｓ.Ｎｅｘｔｉｓｒｅｃｏｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎ.Ｈｅａｎａｌｙｚｅｓｔｈｅｗｅａｋｌｅｃｔｕｒｅꎬｌｅａｒｎｉｎｇｌｅｓｓｏｎｓｆｏｒｔｈｅｆｕｔｕｒｅａｂｏｕｔｗｈａｔｗｏｒｋｓａｎｄｗｈａｔｄｏｅｓｎ ｔ.Ｆｉｎａｌｌｙꎬｔｈｅｒｅｉｓｐｅｒｓｐｅｃｔｉｖｅꎬｗｈｉｃｈｉｎｖｏｌｖｅｓａｃｋｎｏｗｌｅｄｇｉｎｇｔｈａｔｉｎｔｈｅｇｒａｎｄｓｃｈｅｍｅｏｆｌｉｆｅꎬｏｎｅｌｅｃｔｕｒｅｒｅａｌｌｙｄｏｅｓｎ ｔｍａｔｔｅｒ.Ｏｎｅｐｏｓｓｉｂｌｅｖｅｒｓｉｏｎ:大多数人将乐观定义为永远快乐ꎬ总觉得杯子里的水还有一半ꎮ但积极心理学家并不提倡这种虚假的快乐ꎮ 健康的乐观是与现实联系在一起的ꎬ 哈佛大学教授泰 本－沙哈说道ꎮ根据他的观点ꎬ现实的乐观主义者是去积极实现事情的圆满ꎬ而不是坐等事情会自己圆满ꎮ本－沙哈提出了乐观训练的三个阶段ꎮ当他心情低落时 比如ꎬ一个糟糕的演讲之后 他宽慰自己这是人之常情ꎮ他提醒自己不是每一次演讲都要求诺贝尔标准ꎬ有些演讲的效果会不如其他ꎮ下一个阶段是重塑ꎮ他会分析这次失败的演讲ꎬ哪些地方可取ꎬ哪些不可取ꎬ为将来的演讲积累经验ꎮ最后一个阶段是前瞻ꎬ我们要认识到在生命的宏伟蓝图中ꎬ一次演讲根本算不上什么ꎮ２０１５英语(二)翻译试题Ｔｈｉｎｋａｂｏｕｔｄｒｉｖｉｎｇａｒｏｕｔｅｔｈａｔ ｓｖｅｒｙｆａｍｉｌｉａｒ.Ｉｔｃｏｕｌｄｂｅｙｏｕｒｃｏｍｍｉｎｕｔｅｓｔｏｗｏｒｋꎬａｔｒｉｐｉｎｔｏｔｏｗｎｏｒｔｈｅｗａｙｈｏｍｅ.Ｗｈｉｃｈｅｖｅｒｉｔｉｓꎬｙｏｕｋｎｏｗｅｖｅｒｙｔｗｉｓｔｓｔｅｐｔｕｒｎｌｉｋｅｔｈｅｂａｃｋｏｆｙｏｕｒｈａｎｄ.Ｏｎｔｈｅｓｅｓｔｅｐｓｏｆｔｒｉｐｓｉｔ ｓｅａｓｙｔｏｌｏｓｅｃｏｎｃｅｎｔｒａｔｉｏｎｉｓｔｈａｔｙｏｕｐｅｒｃｅｉｖｅｔｈａｔｔｈｅｔｒｉｐｈａｓｔａｋｅｎｌｅｓｓｔｉｍｅｔｈａｎｉｔａｃｔｕａｌｌｙｈａｓ.Ｔｈｉｓｉｓｔｈｅｗｅｌｌ￣ｔｒａｖｅｌｌｅｄｒｏａｄｅｆｆｅｃｔ.Ｐｅｏｐｌｅｔｅｎｄｔｏｕｎｄｅｒｅｓｔｉｍａｔｅｔｈｅｔｉｍｅｉｔｔａｋｅｓｔｏｔｒａｖｅｌａｆａｍｉｌｉａｒｒｏｕｔｅ.０１Ｔｈｅｅｆｆｅｃｔｉｓｃａｕｓｅｄｂｙｔｈｅｗａｙｗｅａｌｌｏｃａｔｅｏｕｒａｔｔｅｎｔｉｏｎ.Ｗｈｅｎｗｅｔｒａｖｅｌｄｏｗｎａｗｅｌｌ￣ｋｎｏｗｎｒｏｕｔｅꎬｂｅｃａｕｓｅｗｅｄｏｎ ｔｈａｖｅｔｏｃｏｎｃｅｎｔｒａｔｅｍｕｃｈꎬｔｉｍｅｓｅｅｍｓｔｏｆｌｏｗｍｏｒｅｑｕｉｃｋｌｙ.Ａｎｄａｆｔｅｒｗａｒｄꎬｗｈｅｎｗｅｃｏｍｅｔｏｔｈｉｎｋｂａｃｋｏｎｉｔꎬｗｅｃａｎ ｔｒｅｍｅｍｂｅｒｔｈｅｊｏｕｒｎｅｙｗｅｌｌｂｅｃａｕｓｅｗｅｄｉｄｎ ｔｐａｙｍｕｃｈａｔｔｅｎｔｉｏｎｔｏｉｔ.Ｓｏｗｅａｓｓｕｍｅｉｔｗａｓｓｈｏｒｔｅｒ.设想一下ꎬ你正开车行驶在一条非常熟悉的路线上ꎮ可以是你每天上下班㊁去城里㊁或者回家的路ꎮ不管是什么路ꎬ你对每一个拐每一个弯都了如指掌ꎬ非常熟悉ꎮ在这样的路途中ꎬ我们容易在开车的时候心不在焉ꎬ对途中的景色也几乎是全然不顾ꎮ结果是你觉得路途上所花的时间比实际要少ꎮ这就是所谓的 熟悉路线效应 :人们往往会低估在熟悉的线路上所花费的时间ꎮ这种效应是由于我们注意力分配的方式不同引起的ꎮ如果我们行驶在熟悉的路线上ꎬ因为不需要太集中精力ꎬ会感觉时间流逝较快ꎮ以后ꎬ一旦回想这段路程ꎬ因为注意力没有集中在此ꎬ我们就会全然忘记ꎮ这样ꎬ我们就会觉得路程更短ꎮ２０１６年英语(二)翻译真题Ｔｈｅｓｕｐｅｒｍａｒｋｅｔｉｓｄｅｓｉｇｎｅｄｔｏｌｕｒｅｃｕｓｔｏｍｅｒｓｉｎｔｏｓｐｅｎｄｉｎｇａｓｍｕｃｈｔｉｍｅａｓｐｏｓｓｉｂｌｅｗｉｔｈｉｎｉｔｓｄｏｏｒｓ.Ｔｈｅｒｅａｓｏｎｆｏｒｔｈｉｓｉｓｓｉｍｐｌｅ:Ｔｈｅｌｏｎｇｅｒｙｏｕｓｔａｙｉｎｔｈｅｓｔｏｒｅꎬｔｈｅｍｏｒｅｓｔｕｆｆｙｏｕ ｌｌｓｅｅꎬａｎｄｔｈｅｍｏｒｅｓｔｕｆｆｙｏｕｓｅｅꎬｔｈｅｍｏｒｅｙｏｕ ｌｌｂｕｙ.Ａｎｄｓｕｐｅｒｍａｒｋｅｔｓｃｏｎｔａｉｎａｌｏｔｏｆｓｔｕｆｆ.ＴｈｅａｖｅｒａｇｅｓｕｐｅｒｍａｒｋｅｔꎬａｃｃｏｒｄｉｎｇｔｏｔｈｅＦｏｏｄＭａｒｋｅｔｉｎｇＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅꎬｃａｒｒｉｅｓｓｏｍｅ４４ꎬ０００ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｉｔｅｍｓꎬａｎｄｍａｎｙｃａｒｒｙｔｅｎｓｏｆｔｈｏｕｓａｎｄｓｍｏｒｅ.Ｔｈｅｓｈｅｅｒｖｏｌｕｍｅｏｆａｖａｉｌａｂｌｅｃｈｏｉｃｅｉｓｅｎｏｕｇｈｔｏｓｅｎｄｓｈｏｐｐｅｒｓｉｎｔｏａｓｔａｔｅｏｆｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｏｖｅｒｌｏａｄ.Ａｃｃｏｒｄｉｎｇｔｏｂｒａｉｎ－ｓｃａｎｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔｓꎬｔｈｅｄｅｍａｎｄｓｏｆｓｏｍｕｃｈｄｅｃｉｓｉｏｎ－ｍａｋｉｎｇｑｕｉｃｋｌｙｂｅｃｏｍｅｔｏｏｍｕｃｈｆｏｒｕｓ.Ａｆｔｅｒａｂｏｕｔ４０ｍｉｎｕｔｅｓｏｆｓｈｏｐｐｉｎｇꎬｍｏｓｔｐｅｏｐｌｅｓｔｏｐｓｔｒｕｇｇｌｉｎｇｔｏｂｅｒａｔｉｏｎａｌｌｙｓｅｌｅｃｔｉｖｅꎬａｎｄｉｎｓｔｅａｄｂｅｇａｎｓｈｏｐｐｉｎｇｅｍｏｔｉｏｎａｌｌｙ－ｗｈｉｃｈｉｓｔｈｅｐｏｉｎｔａｔｗｈｉｃｈｗｅａｃｃｕｍｕｌａｔｅｔｈｅ５０ｐｅｒｃｅｎｔｏｆｓｔｕｆｆｉｎｏｕｒｃａｒｔｔｈａｔｗｅｎｅｖｅｒｉｎｔｅｎｄｅｄｂｕｙｉｎｇ.１１翻译篇。
英语口译二级精讲班第6讲课件讲义（环球职业教育在线）英语口译二级精讲班第6讲讲义篇章练习三、篇章练习There is no consensus among Asian intellectuals and scholars onwhether there is such a thing as “Asian values”. Some Asians believethat there are good values and bad values but no such thing as Asianvalues. Those who hold this view therefore believe that values areuniversal in character. //Some other Asians believe that because Asia is so big andheterogeneous there is no set of values which are shared by allAsians. Those who hold this view may, however, contend that somecountries in Asia, for example, the Confucianist societies, do sharea common set of values. //I belong to the third school. I believe that in spite of itsheterogeneity, Asians who live in Northeast Asia and Southeast Asia,do share certain personal and societal values. I believe there issuch a thing as Asian values just as there are American values andideals and European values and ideals. //I have been puzzled by the fact that many American and Europeanintellectuals have reacted so negatively to Asian values. Forexample, the former Governor of Hong Kong, Chris Patten, devoted achapter in his book, “East and West”, to debunking Asian values. //Asians do not react negatively when Americans talk about their belief in American values and ideals and Europeans in theirs. Whydoes the West react in such a negative way when Asians profess theirbelief in Asian values? I think there are three possible reasons. //First, I believe that the West has not yet come to accept Asia as an equal. The West has dominated Asia for the major part of thepast two hundred years. Most people in the West, including itsintellectuals, still regard Asia and Asians as inferior. One Westernintellectual contended, in an op-ed essay in the InternationalHerald Tribune, that East Asia did not represent any positivevalues. This old mindset has not changed. //Second, I suspect that the West cannot accept the concept of Asian values because the latter could pose a challenge to Westernintellectual hegemony. The truth is that we still live in a worldwhich is economically, culturally, intellectually and morallydominated by the West. Of all the regions of the non-Western world,only East Asia has the potential to achieve parity with the West. //By 1995, the ten major economies of East Asia were, collectively, aslarge as the United States (25% of the world economy) and onlyslightly smaller than the European Union (29%). East Asia is alsothe home of some of the world’s oldest and richest civilizations.Therefore, East Asia has the potential to challenge Westerndomination in the economic, cultural, intellectual and moralspheres, in the 21st Century. //另一些亚洲人认为亚洲非常大，而且具有多元化的特征，所有亚洲人都具有的价值观是不存在的。
英语翻译讲义一、大纲要求及其解读（一）《大纲》中对考生翻译能力进行考察的指导思想如下：（二）《大纲》对翻译部分的具体要求如下：（三）评分标准1、英译汉评分标准示例:Progress in communication and transport technologies during the 20th century has enabled us to overcome geographical boundaries and revolutionize our way of living. The world is now linked to such an extent that a local happening/ cannot take place/ without impacting on the international community.Globalization is not just about/increasing/the worldwide circulation of information and ideas. Economically speaking, it entails transnational investment and international trade, t hereby integrating all countries into a single giant world market. In terms of culture, globalization itself is neither positive nor negative: It may be either of them/depending on our viewpoint.二、翻译部分得分目标及复习策略得分目标：复习的基本策略：每周两组翻译训练，可以使用历年真题以及大学英语六级考试的翻译材料（六级是只翻译其中的句子，建议大家在练习的时候尝试翻译一个段落或者全文）；在训练过程中把注意力放在如何得到目标分数上。
