交换机端口认别及常用命令

中兴，华为，烽火交换机常用配置命令教程交换机工作于OSI参考模型的第二层，即数据链路层。

交换机内部的CPU会在每个端口成功连接时，通过将MAC地址和端口对应，形成一张MAC表，不同品牌交换机配置可能有所不同，本文将详细介绍中兴，华为，烽火交换机常用配置参数,需要的朋友可以参考下ZXDSL8210常用命令查看板卡类型和软硬件版本号 showcard进入DSL模式 dsl查看端口状态 showinfo查看ADSL速率摸板 showprof更改端口应用的速率摸板 linecfg查看ADSL端口的线路质量 showperf打开ADSL端口 enable关闭ADSL端口 disable重启ADSL端口 resetport进入atm atm在atm下查看PVC showvcx allZXDSL8220常用命令查看板卡类型和软硬件版本号 sh card查看ADSL端口状态 show adsl status查看ADSL速率摸板 show adsl profile查看速率摸板D3M具体信息 show adsl profile d3m更新端口的流量信息 update adsl-perf card_list/port_list关闭ADSL端口 shutdown interface打开ADSL端口 no shutdown interfaceZXDSL9210设备常用命令查看板卡配置和版本号 show card查看设备版本号 show version查看ADSL端口状态 show interface查看一块板卡端口状态 show adsl status slot 1查看ADSL端口线路质量 show adsl physical查看ADSL线路摸板种类 show adsl profile查看D3M摸板的配置 show adsl profile d3m进入ADSL端口 int adsl-mpvc card/port关闭ADSL端口 shutdown打开ADSL端口 no shutdown中兴SU3查看板卡状态 show card all查看端口状态 show port查看速率摸板 show adsl lineprofile all查看线路质量 show adsl port端口号 option physical 开端口 port 端口号 enable关端口 port 端口号 disable华为MA5100&MA5103常用命令保存系统配制数据到FLASH内存 save查看单板状态 show board阻塞端口 block解除阻塞端口 no block激活端口 activate去激活端口 deactivate套片复位 chipset reset 0MA5300常用命令保存系统配置3 write查看单板状态 show board 0查看adsl端口状态 show adsl port state查看vdsl端口状态 show vdsl port state查看告警 show alarm history all查看板卡类型和运行状态 show board查看vlan show vlan all配制摸板 adsl line-profile add 3激活端口 adsl activate adsl 端口 3MA5600常用命令保存系统配制数据到FLASH内存 save查看单板状态 display board 0查看所有配制信息 disp running -config查看ADSL端口状态 display adsl port state查看vdsl端口状态 display vdsl port state查看xdsl 配置摸板 display adsl line-profile all查看vlan display vlan all查看告警 displayalarm history all查看上行板卡端口状态 display port state查看某个vlan所绑定下行端口 display vlan VLAN号查看上行板卡端口所绑定的vlan display port vlan配制摸板 adsl line-profile adddisplay interface adsl 0/1/1中兴交换机配置个人心得：命令的使用要注意各种用户模式。

交换机端口检测
一．检测所需工具：
电脑两台（其中一台内带超级终端软件）、交换机电源线一根、电脑串口连接线一根、RJ45双绞线（交叉）连接线两根、光模块2个及光纤线2根。

二．检测步骤：
1.端口的物理特性检测：
将两台电脑通过RJ45连接线分别连接到交换机端口的1和2口。

开启电脑，将交换机通电，正常情况下1口和2口对应的绿灯应该亮。

此时1、2端口的物理特性可认为是正常的。

2.端口的数据传输检测：
在一台电脑上运行ping命令，ping另一台电脑的IP地址，ping 的时间持续约30秒。

观察ping命令的输出过程，如果输出过程中没有任何丢包现象，而且ping包的传输时间在1ms内，则认为1和2口数据传输正常。

以上是对交换机端口1口和2口的检测。

要检测所有的端口，只需将1口的双绞线不动，将2口的双绞线分别插入3口，4口。

直到所有端口测试完毕。

每测试一个端口就重复上面的1步骤：端口的物理特性检测和2步骤：端口的数据传输检测。

交换机全部RJ45端口经以上步骤检测后，如全部正常则认为交换机的端口是合格的。

方法优缺点
一．优点：
以前的方法只检测端口在物理特性上是否合格，并没有检测到端口的数据传输特性。

现在的方法可以检测到端口的物理特性是否合格以及端口传输数据的特性：是否丢包和传输延时是否正常。

二．缺点：。

交换机1、恢复出厂设置#set default2、给vlan添加端口#vlan 100 (创建一个vlan100)#switchport interface ethernet 1/1 （将E1/1接口加入vlan100中）#switchport interface ethernet 1/2-5 （将E1/2-5 范围内加入到vlan100中）3、设置Trunk端口允许通过vlan#interface ethernet 1/5#switchport mode trunk （将E1/5设置为trunk模式）#switchport trunk allowed vlan 1；3；5-20 （允许通过的vlan段）#switchport forbidden vlan add vlan 10 （防止E1/5加入到vlan10中）4、光口，电口的转换#interface ethernet 1/1#media-type copper（电口）/fiber（光口）5、端口粘连#switchport port-security mac-address sticky （将自动学习到得mac地址粘连到接口上）6、端口过滤#mac-address-table blackhole address {mac-address} vlan 17、端口聚合#port-group 1 （创建一个port-group组）#interface ethernet 1/1-2#port-group 1 mode on(强制)、passive（被动）、active（主动）[两个不能是passive ，active 和passive 要一起使用]8、端口镜像#monitor session 1 source interface ethernet 1/0/1 both (将源E1/0/1的流量镜像到E1/0/2)#monitor session 1 destination interface ethernet 1/0/2 (将源session 1发送至E1/0/2中)9、设置用户自动退出特权模式的超时时间#exec timeout10、关闭端口的vlan入口规则#vlan ingress disable11、设定引入路由的缺省路由权值#default-metric12、设置MD5认证，采用MD5认证#ip ospf message-digest-key 1 MD5 password#ip ospf authentication message-digest13、绑定MAC地址①在端口安全中绑定#switchport port-security mac-address …….②AM中启动#am mac-ip-pool …….③全局配置模式下#mac-address-table static address {mac-address} vlan 1 interface e1/114、生成树#spanning-tree 开启生成树#spanning-tree mst configuration 域配置#instance 10 vlan 10，,2 配置vlan到instance的映射#spanning-tree mst 10 priority 配置映射域的优先级#spanning-tree mst 10 cost 4096 在接口中调整开销15、交换机VRRP①创建vlan②配置vlan接口IP③配置vrrp#router vrrp 1 创建VRRP组#interface vlan 10 关联vlan接口#virtual-ip 192.168.10.1 配置虚拟地址#priority 120 优先级#preempt-mode true/false 配置抢占模式#enable 开启VRRP16、DHCP#service dhcp 开启DHCP#network-address 配置地址池#default-router 配置网关#dns-service DNF服务器地址17、QOS一、在交换机上实现QOSA．采用ACL定义需要限速的数据流（1）#ip access-list standard yuangong …..定义访问控制列表名（2）#permit host 192.168.1.1 ……………..定义限速的数据流B．设置带宽限制和猝发数据量（3）#class-map yuangong…………………定义类图yuangong（4）#match access-group yuangong……...关联匹配的列表（5）#policy-map test……………………….定义策略表（6）#class yuangong……………………….关联类图（7）#police 1000000 655356 exceed-action drop…..设置数据流量限制C．将带宽限制策略应用到相应的端口上（8）#interface e1/0/1……………………….进入借口模式（9）#mls qos trust cos……………………...开启信任COS值（10）#service-policy input test………………应用策略表。

目录第1章以太网端口配置命令....................................................................................................1-11.1 以太网端口配置命令..........................................................................................................1-11.1.1 broadcast-suppression............................................................................................1-11.1.2 copy configuration...................................................................................................1-11.1.3 description...............................................................................................................1-21.1.4 display counters......................................................................................................1-31.1.5 display interface......................................................................................................1-41.1.6 display port..............................................................................................................1-61.1.7 display port vlan-vpn...............................................................................................1-71.1.8 duplex......................................................................................................................1-81.1.9 flow-control..............................................................................................................1-81.1.10 link-status hold......................................................................................................1-91.1.11 interface...............................................................................................................1-101.1.12 jumboframe enable.............................................................................................1-101.1.13 loopback..............................................................................................................1-111.1.14 mdi.......................................................................................................................1-111.1.15 port access vlan..................................................................................................1-121.1.16 port hybrid pvid vlan............................................................................................1-131.1.17 port hybrid vlan....................................................................................................1-131.1.18 port link-type........................................................................................................1-141.1.19 port-mode............................................................................................................1-151.1.20 port trunk permit vlan..........................................................................................1-151.1.21 port trunk pvid vlan..............................................................................................1-161.1.22 reset counters interface.......................................................................................1-171.1.23 shutdown.............................................................................................................1-171.1.24 speed...................................................................................................................1-181.1.25 vlan-vpn enable...................................................................................................1-19第2章以太网端口汇聚配置命令............................................................................................2-12.1 以太网端口汇聚配置命令...................................................................................................2-12.1.1 debugging lacp packet............................................................................................2-12.1.2 debugging lacp state...............................................................................................2-12.1.3 debugging link-aggregation error............................................................................2-22.1.4 debugging link-aggregation event...........................................................................2-32.1.5 display lacp system-id.............................................................................................2-32.1.6 display link-aggregation summary...........................................................................2-42.1.7 display link-aggregation verbose.............................................................................2-52.1.8 display link-aggregation interface............................................................................2-72.1.9 lacp enable..............................................................................................................2-82.1.10 lacp port-priority.....................................................................................................2-82.1.11 lacp system-priority...............................................................................................2-92.1.12 link-aggregation.....................................................................................................2-92.1.13 link-aggregation group agg-id description...........................................................2-102.1.14 link-aggregation group agg-id mode...................................................................2-112.1.15 port link-aggregation group.................................................................................2-112.1.16 reset lacp statistics..............................................................................................2-12第3章 POS端口配置命令......................................................................................................3-13.1 POS端口配置命令.............................................................................................................3-13.1.1 clock........................................................................................................................3-13.1.2 crc............................................................................................................................3-13.1.3 description...............................................................................................................3-23.1.4 display interface pos...............................................................................................3-23.1.5 debugging ppp.........................................................................................................3-53.1.6 flag...........................................................................................................................3-63.1.7 frame-format............................................................................................................3-73.1.8 interface pos............................................................................................................3-73.1.9 loopback..................................................................................................................3-83.1.10 mtu........................................................................................................................3-93.1.11 pos access vlan.....................................................................................................3-93.1.12 ppp timer negotiate.............................................................................................3-103.1.13 reset counters interface pos................................................................................3-103.1.14 scramble..............................................................................................................3-113.1.15 shutdown.............................................................................................................3-123.1.16 threshold..............................................................................................................3-123.1.17 timer hold.............................................................................................................3-13第4章 RPR端口配置命令......................................................................................................4-14.1 RPR端口配置命令.............................................................................................................4-14.1.1 clock-source............................................................................................................4-14.1.2 debugging rpr..........................................................................................................4-14.1.3 display interface......................................................................................................4-24.1.4 display rpr defect.....................................................................................................4-64.1.5 display rpr fairness-para..........................................................................................4-74.1.6 display rpr protection...............................................................................................4-84.1.7 display rpr rs-table.................................................................................................4-104.1.8 display rpr statistics...............................................................................................4-114.1.9 display rpr timers...................................................................................................4-114.1.10 display rpr topology.............................................................................................4-124.1.11 flag.......................................................................................................................4-134.1.12 frame-format........................................................................................................4-144.1.13 port-type..............................................................................................................4-154.1.14 reset counters interface.......................................................................................4-154.1.15 rpr admin-request................................................................................................4-164.1.16 rpr echo...............................................................................................................4-174.1.17 rpr default-rs........................................................................................................4-174.1.18 rpr cos-precedence-map.....................................................................................4-184.1.19 rpr protect-mode..................................................................................................4-194.1.20 rpr reserve-band..................................................................................................4-194.1.21 rpr reversion-mode..............................................................................................4-204.1.22 rpr static-rs..........................................................................................................4-214.1.23 rpr station-name..................................................................................................4-214.1.24 rpr timer...............................................................................................................4-224.1.25 rpr weight.............................................................................................................4-234.1.26 sdh threshold.......................................................................................................4-234.1.27 shutdown.............................................................................................................4-24第5章 IDS联动配置命令........................................................................................................5-15.1 IDS联动配置命令...............................................................................................................5-15.1.1 acl-ids......................................................................................................................5-15.1.2 display acl ids..........................................................................................................5-1第1章以太网端口配置命令1.1 以太网端口配置命令1.1.1 broadcast-suppression【命令】broadcast-suppression pctundo broadcast-suppression【视图】以太网端口视图【参数】pct：指定以太网端口最大广播流量的线速度百分比，百分比越小，则允许通过的广播流量也越小。