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九.动词的时态和语态动词时态（tense）是一种动词形式，不同的时态用以表示不同时间里所产生的动作或存在的状态。
从种类上看英语有16种时态，而其中常用的有11种，表中斜体字表示的时态不常用。
动词各时态名称如下：各时态的英语表达结构（以一. 一般现在时一般现在时主要由动词原形表示，但第三人称单数作主语时谓语动词后要加-s或-es,另外，be和have有特殊的人称形式。
如：1.一般动词：I know it. You know it. He/She knows it.We/You/They know it.2.动词be：以am, is, are三种形式出现。
I am a teacher. You are a student. He / She is a student.We/You/They are students.3.动词have：以have, has形式出现。
I have a car. You have a car. He / She / has a car.It has a handle. Jack has a paper plane. We/You/They have a car.4.在加词尾-s时要注意：1）一般情况加-s, 如：reads, says.2）以-ch,-sh, -s, -x, -o结尾的词加-es,如：teaches, washes, guesses, fixes, goes.3)以辅音字母加“y”结尾的词把“y”改为“i”后加-es.如：try-tries，carry-carries.5.加s后的读音：1）在[P] [t] [k] [f]等清辅音后读[s], 如：helps, asks. 2）在[s][z][∫][t∫][dз]等音后读[iz], 如：faces, rises, wishes, watches.hate - hates词尾读音为动词一般现在时的形式：①动词be除第一人称单数用am，第三人称单数用is外，其余一律用are.②动词have除第三人称单数用has外，其余全用have。
2019-2020年高考英语语法精讲精练精析-时态和语态时态英语中不同时间和方式发生的动作或状态要用谓语动词的不同形式来表示，这种表示动作或状态发生时间和方式的动词形式称作动词时态。
时间主要有四个主要部分，即现在、过去、将来和过去将来。
动作方面也有四种，即一般、完成、进行和完成进行。
中学课本中常见的时态有以下几种：语态语态是表示主语和动词之间语法关系及语义关系的动词形式，有主动语态和被动语态两种形式。
英语中的语态和时态是不可分割的，每种时态都有其相应的语态形式一、时态动词的时态是英语语法的重中之重，因为它们与句子结构、句子表达、语言逻辑紧密相连，无论是单选、完形、阅读还是书面表达都离不开时态。
高考试题中常对以下几种情况进行考查。
1.一般现在时与现在进行时的用法比较一般现在时主要表示现在的特征、状态、经常性动作或客观事实等；而现在进行时表示说话时正在进行的动作或现阶段正在进行的动作。
His daughter is always shy in public and she never dares to make a speech to the public.Nick is looking for another job because he feels that nothing he does satisfies his boss.注意：在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，要用一般现在时表示将来意义，而不能直接用将来时态。
If you run into any problems when you arrive at the airport, give me a ring.2．一般将来时和过去将来时一般将来时主要用于表示在现在看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态；过去将来时主要用于表示从过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。
Will those teaching the children from abroad e to the headmaster's office?He told me if I didn't follow his advice, something bad would happen.注意：“will (shall) do”和“be going to do” 都可表示意图。
1.Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _____ so rapidly.A. is changingB. has changedC. will have changedD. will change2. I wonder why Jenny ____ us recently. We should have heard from her by now.A. hasn’t writtenB. doesn’t writeC. won’t writeD. hadn’t written3. –Excuse me, sir. Would you do me a favor?--Of course. What is it?--I ____ if you could tell me how to fill out this form.A. had wonderedB. was wonderingC. would wonderD. did wonder4. ---____David and Vicky ____ married?---For about three years.A. How long were; beingB. How long have; gotC. How long have; beenD. How long did; get5. Now that she is out of job, Lucy ____ going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet.A. had consideredB. has been consideringC. consideredD. is going to considerA. had been working; are still workingB. had worked; were still workingC. have worked; were still workingD. have worked; are still working7. When the old man _____ to walk back to his house, the sun ____ itself behind the mountain.A. started;had already hiddenB. had started; had already hiddenC. had started; eas hidingD. was started; hid8. Scientists think that the continents ____ always where they ____ today.A. aren’t; areB. aren’t; wereC. weren’t; areD. weren’t; were9. –If the traffic h adn’t been so heavy, I could have been back by 6 o’clock.--What a pity! Tina ____ here to see you.A. isB. wasC. would beD. has been10. The country life he was used to ____ greatly since 1992.A. changeB. has changedC. changingD. have changed11. –Where did you put the car keys？--Oh, I ____ I put them on the chair because the phone rang as I ____ in.12. I have to go to work by taxi because my car ____ at the garage.A. will be repairedB. is repairedC. is being repairedD. has been repaired1. Why don’t you put the meat in the fidge?It will ____ fresh for several days.A. be stayedB. stayC. be stayingD. have stayed2. The crazy fans _____ patiently for two hours, and they would wait till the movie star arrived.A. were waitingB. had been waitingC. had waitedD. would wait3. –George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their wedding?--No, I ____. Did they have a big wedding?A. was not invitedB. have not been invitedC. hadn’t been invitedD. didn’t invite4. Millions of pounds’ worth of damage ____ by a s torm which swept across the north of England last night.A. has been causedB. had been causedC. will be causedD. will have been caused5. –What would you do if it ____tomorrow?--We have to carry it on, since we’ve got everything ready.A. rainB. rainsC. will rainD. is raining6.Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which ____ the Pacific, and we met no storms.A. was calledB. is calledC. had been calledD. has been called7. In a room above store, where a party ____, some workers were busily setting the table.A. was to be heldB. has been heldC. will be heldD. is being held8. I ____ along the street looking for a place to park when the accident _____.A. went; was occurringB. went; occurredC. was going ; occurredD. was going; had occurredA. expectedB. was expectingC. was expectedD. would be expected10. The moment the 28th Olympic Games ____ open, the whole world cheered.A. declaredB. have been declaredC. have declaredD. were declared11. –Did you see a man in black pass by just now?--No, sir. I ____ a newspaper.A. readB. was readingC. would readD. am reading12.--____you ____him around the museum yet?--Yes. We had a great time there.A. Have; shownB. Do; showC. Had; shownD. Did; show1. The news came as no surprise to me. I ____ for some time that the factory was going to shut down.A. had knownB. knewC. have knownD. know2. By the end of last year, another new gymnasium ____ in Beijing.3. –You were out when I dropped in at your house.--Oh, I ____ for a friend from England at the airport.A. was waitingB. had waitedC. am waitingD. have waited4. –The window is dirty.--I know. It ___ for weeks.A. hasn’t cleanedB. didn’t cleanC. wasn’t cleanedD. hasn’t been cleaned5. With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth ____ each year.A. is washing awayB. is being washed awayC. are washing awayD. are being washed away7. Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it ____yesterday.A. was happeningB. happensC. has happenedD. happened8. The house belongs to my aunt but she ___ here any more.A. hasn’t livedB. didn’t liveC. hadn’t livedD. doesn’t live9. Customers are asked to make sure that they____ the right change before leaving the shop.A. will giveB. have been givenC. have givenD. will be given10. My friend, who ____ on the International Olympic Committee all his life, is retiring next month.A. servedB. is servingC. had servedD. has served11. They ____ two free tickets to Canada, otherwise they’d never have been able to afford to go.A. had gotB. gotC. have gotD. get12. At the end of the meeting, it was announed that an agreement _____.A. has been reachedB. had been reachedC. has reachedD. had reached。
考点一考点三L表示能力，但could主要指过去的能力。
表示“过去有能力做成某事"时通常用was/were able to oThe little boy can speak two foreign languages・这个小男孩会讲两种外语。
Could the girl read before she went to school? 这个女孩上学前识字吗？Everyone was able to escape when the fire broke out. 起火的时候大家都能逃生。
考点一考点三fir2 •表示可能（理论上或是逻辑判断上，并不涉及此事真的发生），常 译为“往往会，有时候可能会”，常用于肯定句中。
（2016・全国 III ）By tracking people ，s e-mails and onlineposts,scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.通过追踪人们的电子邮件和网上的帖子，科学家们发现好消息比 灾难与悲伤的故事传播得更快、更远。
3•表示请求和允许。
在问句中could 语气比can 要委婉。
Can I have a word with you? It won ， t take long ・You can go back home now.你现在可以回家了。
耒占一 考点三 XB* t 1J U 考点五 土七亠 右启、八 -W JH L. 考总*U 考点八 •TH5* 广^ 11考点一4•表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。
主要用于否定句、疑问句 或感叹句中。
How can you be so careless?你怎么能这么粗心？5•表示推测，常用于否定句和疑问句中，语气较强。
He can^t be in the classroom;the light is not on.他不可能在教室里;灯没亮。
2019-2020年高考英语语法复习材料1 动词的时态和语态（现在时）A. was foundB. findsC. is foundD. found3.（xx大纲卷）32. The reports went missing in xx and nobody ______ them since.A. seesB. sawC. has seenD. had seen4.（14湖南卷）Since the time humankind started gardening, we __to make our environment more beautiful.A. tryB. have been tryingC. are tryingD. will try5.（14湖南卷）Whenever you , a present, you should think about it from the receiver’s point of view.A. boughtB. have boughtC. will buyD. buy6. （xx江苏卷）23.—How much do you know about the Youth Olympic Games to be held in Nanjing?—Well, the media ________ _________it in a variety of forms.A. coverB. will coverC. have coveredD. covered7. （xx江西卷）24.----Tony , why are your eyes red ? ---I __ up peppers for the last five minutes .A. cutB. was cuttingC. had cutD. have been cutting8. （xx天津卷）11. We won’t start the work until all the preparations __________.A. are being madeB. will be madeC. have been madeD. had been made9.（xx重庆卷）4. You’d better write down her phone number before you ___ it .A.forgetB. are forgettingC.forgotD. will gorget10. （xx新课标1）If we ____ now to protect the environment, we’ll live to regret it.A. hadn’t actedB. haven’t actedC. don’t actD. won’t act11.（xx新课标1）When I first met Bryan I didn’t like him, but I ____ my mind.A. have changedB. changeC. had changedD. would change12.（xx湖南卷）Around two o’clock every night, Sue will start talking in her d ream. It somewhat ________ us.A. bothersB. had botheredC. would botherD. bothered13. （xx湖南卷）If nothing ________, the oceans will turn into fish deserts.A. doesB. had been doneC. will doD. is done14. （xx湖南卷）— Have you heard about the recent election?— Sure, it ________ the only thing on the news for the last three days.A. would beB. isC. has beenD. will be15.（xx重庆卷）- It rained cats and dogs this morning. Im glad we took an umbrella.- Yeah, we would have got wet all over if we ___ _A. hasn’tB. haven'tC. didn'tD. don't.。
2019-2020年高考英语大一轮复习第二部分基础语法第八课时动词的时态和语态讲义牛津译林版 Ⅰ.单项填空 1．(2015·四川高考)More expressways________ in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy. A．are being built B．will be built C．have been built D．had been built 答案 B [句意：四川将建设更多的高速公路以促进当地的经济(发展)。根据时间状语soon可知，此句为将来时，故选B。] 2．(2015·陕西高考)Marty ________ really hard on his book and he thinks he’ll have finished it by Friday. A．worked B．has been working C．had worked D．has worked 答案 B [句意：马蒂一直在非常努力地写书，他认为他将在周五前完成。由后文提示“he’ll have finished it by Friday”可知，work这一动作发生在过去，一直延续到现在，并且现在还在进行，故要用现在完成进行时。] 3．(2015·江苏高考)The real reason why prices ________，and still are，too high is complex，and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem. A．were B．will be C．have been D．had been 答案 A [句意：物价过去很高，现在依然居高不下，其真正原因是复杂的，不是两三句话能圆满解释的。根据空格后面的and still are(而且现在仍然是)判断，前面是指物价过去的情况，应用一般过去时，故选A项。] 4．(2015·湖南高考)As you go through this book，you________ that each of the millions of people who lived through World War Ⅱ had a different experience. A．will find B．found C．had found D．have found 答案 A [句意：当你读这本书时，你就会发现那些经历过第二次世界大战的数百万人中的每一个人都有不同的经历。句中as引导的是时间状语从句，从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时，所以主句需用一般将来时。] 5．(2015·湖南高考)He must have sensed that I ________ him.He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly，“Why are you staring at me like that？” A．would look at B．looked at C．was looking at D．am looking at 答案 C [句意：他一定感觉到了我正在看他。他突然瞥了我一眼，轻轻地说：“你为什么那样盯着我看？”must have done是对过去发生的情况的推测，因此“我正在看他”也是发生在过去，而且是正在进行，故用过去进行时。] 6．(2015·湖南高考)I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy，but ________ thankfully by the shop window. A．am held back B．held back C．hold back D．was held back 答案 D [句意：我有一种强烈的欲望，想伸手进去拿那个玩具玩，但幸亏我被商店橱窗阻挡了。句子的主语I与hold back之间是被动关系，需用被动语态；再根据句中的had可知用一般过去时，故选D项。] 7．(2015·福建高考)—Where is Peter? I can’t find him anywhere. —He went to the library after breakfast and ________ his essay there ever since. A．wrote B．had written C．has been writing D．is writing 答案 C [句意：——彼得去哪儿了？我到处找不到他。——他早饭后去了图书馆，从那之后，一直在那里写论文。根据句意，可以看出早饭之后，彼得一直在持续写的动作，很有可能现在还在持续，故用现在完成进行时。] 8．(2015·福建高考)To my delight，I ________ from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony. A．was chosen B．was being chosen C．would choose D．had chosen 答案 A [句意：令我高兴的是，在几百个申请者中我被选中参加开幕式了。首先，句子主语I和choose是被动关系，所以要用被动语态；其次，本句是对过去所发生事情的客观描述，所以用一般过去时。] 9．(2015·北京高考)—Did you enjoy the party? —Yes.We ________ well by our hosts. A．were treated B．would be treated C．treated D．had treated 答案 A [句意：——你们在晚会上玩得开心吗？——很开心，主人把我们招待得很好。根据问句中的did可知用一般过去时；且we和treat是动宾关系，应用被动语态，因此该空应用一般过去时的被动语态，故选A。] 10．(2015·北京)In the last few years, China ________ great achievements in environmental protection. A．has made B．had made C．was making D．is making 答案 A [句意：在最近的几年里，中国在环境保护方面已经取得了巨大的成就。 由“in the last few years”可知，此处应用现在完成时。] 11．(2015·北京高考)—Did you have difficulty finding Ann’s house? —Not really.She ________ us clear directions and we were able to find it easily. A．was to give B．had given C．was giving D．would give 答案 B [句意：——你们找到安的家有困难吗？——不是很难，她已经给了我们清晰的指引，我们很容易地就找到它了。由句意可知give这一动作发生在“我们找安的家”之前，是发生在过去的过去，故用过去完成时。] 12．(2015·北京高考)—Dr.Jackson is not in his office at the moment. —All right.I ________ him later. A．will call B．have called C．call D.will be calling 答案 A [句意：——Jackon博士现在不在他的办公室里。——好的。过一会儿我再给他打电话。 由句中的later可知此处要用一般将来时，故选A。] 13．(2015·湖南高考)I wasn’t able to hide my eagerness when I ________，“What do you wish me to do now？” A．ask B．have asked C．am asking D．asked 答案 D [句意：当我问到“你希望我现在做什么？”时，我无法掩饰自己急切的心情。句中的wasn’t暗示空格处需用跟过去有关的时态，故选D项。] 14．(2015·湖南高考)Always ________ in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly. A．to keep B．to have kept C．keep D．have kept 答案 C [句意：一直要记住：你的主要任务是使这家公司运转顺利。祈使句一般以动词原形开头，故用keep。keep in mind记住，是固定搭配。] 15．(2014·重庆高考)You’d better write down her phone number before you ________ it. A．forget B．are forgetting C．forgot D．will forget 答案 A [句意：你最好记下来他的电话号码免得忘了。这是一个before引导的时间状语从句。状语从句中通常用一般现在时替代一般将来时。故A项为最佳答案。] Ⅱ.语篇填空(用所给词的正确时态、语态填空) Mother Teresa was born in Yugoslavia，on August 27，1910.She __1__(attend) the government school near her home until she was eighteen.At that time，some doctors and nurses from Yugoslavia __2__(work) in India，and they often wrote to the school about their work.She __3__(decide) to join them one day. When she left school，she first went to Britain；then a year later she __4__(go) to India，where she began to be trained to be a teacher.After training，she __5__(send) to Calcutta，where she taught geography at a school and soon after became headmistress (女校长)． However，while she loved teaching，in 1946 Mother Teresa left the school and went to work in the poor parts of Calcutta.Later she __6__(train) to become a nurse in Patna，and then began her work helping the poor and comforting the dying in the streets of the city.Slowly，others came to help her，and her work __7__(spread) to other parts of India. Mother Teresa was a well-known person forever.Many photos __8__(take) of her，as she travelled around the world to open new schools and hospitals in poor countries.In 1979，she __9__(give) the Nobel Prize for the lifetime of love and
