托福TPO43综合写作阅读原文+听力原文+满分范文

托福TPO6综合写作阅读原文+听力原文+满分范文为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO6综合写作阅读原文+听力原文+满分范文，希望对大家备考有所帮助。

托福TPO6综合写作阅读原文文本：Communal online encyclopedias represent one of the latest resources to be found on the Internet. They are in many respects like traditional printed encyclopedias collections of articles on various subjects. What is specific to these online encyclopedias, however, is that any Internet user can contribute a new article or make an editorial change in an existing one. As a result, the encyclopedia is authored by the whole community of Internet users. The idea might sound attractive, but the communal online encyclopedias have several important problems that make them much less valuable than traditional, printed encyclopedias.First, contributors to a communal online encyclopedia often lack academic credentials, thereby making their contributions partially informed at best and downright inaccurate in many cases. Traditional encyclopedias are written by trained experts who adhere to standards of academic rigor that nonspecialists cannot really achieve.Second, even if the original entry in the online encyclopedia is correct, the communal nature of these online encyclopedias gives unscrupulous users and vandals or hackers the opportunity to fabricate, delete, and corrupt information in the encyclopedia. Once changes have been made to the original text, an unsuspecting user cannot tell the entry has been tampered with. None of this is possible with a traditional encyclopedia.Third, the communal encyclopedias focus too frequently, and in too great a depth, on trivial and popular topics, which createsa false impression of what is important and what is not. A child doing research for a school project may discover that a major historical event receives as much attention in an online encyclopedia as, say, a single long-running television program. The traditional encyclopedia provides a considered view of what topics to include or exclude and contains a sense of proportion that online "democratic" communal encyclopedias do not.托福TPO6综合写作听力原文文本：The communal online encyclopedia will probably never be perfect, but that's a small price to pay for what it does offer. The criticisms in the reading are largely the result of prejudice against and ignorance about how far online encyclopedias have come.First, errors. It's hardly a fair criticism that encyclopedias online have errors. Traditional encyclopedias have never been close to perfectly accurate, ifyou are looking for a realty comprehensive reference work without any mistakes, you are not going to find it, on or off line. The real point is that it's easy for errors in factual material to be corrected in an online encyclopedia. But with the printed and bound encyclopedia, the errors remain for decades.Second, hacking. Online encyclopedias have recognized the importance of protecting their articles from malicious hackers. One strategy they started using is to put the crucial facts in the articles that nobody disputes in a read-only format, which is a format that no one can make changes to. That way you are making sure that the crucial facts in the articles are reliable. Another strategy that's being used is to have special editors whose job is to monitor all changes made to the articles and eliminate those changes that are clearly malicious.Third, what's worth knowing about? The problem fortraditional encyclopedias is that they have limited space, so they have to decide what's important and what's not. And in practice, the judgments of the group of academics that make these decisions don't reflect the great range of interests that people really have. But space is definitely not an issue for online encyclopedias. The academic articles are still represented in online encyclopedias, but there can be a great variety of articles and topics that accurately reflect the great diversity of users' interests. The diversity of use in topics that online encyclopedias offer is one of their strongest advantages托福TPO6综合写作满分范文：In the reading passage, the author holds the idea that communal online encyclopedias are less valuable than traditional, printed one. However, the lecturer strongly refutes this idea.The reading passage, the author states that a communal online encyclopedia is often with errors and inaccuracies, which is attributed to unprofessional contributors. However, the lecture contends that there are also some inaccuracies in traditional encyclopedias. And the errors and inaccuracies can be corrected easily in an online encyclopedia, while with traditional encyclopedia, errors might remain for decades.As to the belief in the reading passage that the online encyclopedia gives many chances of fabricating, deleting and corrupting information to unscrupulous users and vandals or hackers, lecturer gives two strategies that have been proven very effective in protecting online encyclopedias from malicious alteration. She explains that contents that consist of indisputable facts are stored and presented in a read-only format so that nobody can make changes to them. In addition, she says, there are specialists who constantly monitor contents online so thatthey can quickly remove a suspicious change once it is detected.。

为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO44综合写作阅读原文+听力原文+满分范文，希望对大家备考有所帮助。

托福TPO44综合写作阅读原文文本： In 1957 a European silver coin dating to the eleventh century was discovered at a Native American archaeological site in the state of Maine in the United States. Many people believed the coin had been originally brought to North America by European explorers known as the Norse, who traveled across the Atlantic Ocean and came into contact with Native Americans almost a thousand years ago. However, some archaeologists believe that the coin is not a genuine piece of historical evidence but a historical fake; they think that the coin was placed at the site recently by someone who wanted to mislead the public. There are three main reasons why some archaeologists believe that the coin is not genuine historical evidence. Great Distance from Norse Settlements First, the Native American site in Maine where the coin was discovered is located very far from other sites documenting a Norse presence in North America. Remains of Norse settlements have been discovered in far eastern Canada. The distance between the Maine site and the Norse settlements in Canada is more than a thousand kilometers, suggesting the coin has no real connection with the settlements. No Other Coins Found A second problem is that no other coins have been found at the Canadian sites that were inhabited by the Norse. This suggests that the Norse did not bring any silver coins with them to their North American settlements. Third, the Norse who traveled to North America would have understood that silver coins would most likely be useless to them. Silver coins may have been in wide use in Europe at the time, but the Norse, as experienced explorers, would have known that native North Americans did not recognize silver coins as money. 托福TPO44综合写作听力原文文本： Professor: Actually many archaeologists believe that the coin discussed in the reading is not a fake. They believe it represents genuine evidence that the Norse came into contact with Native Americans a thousand years ago. First, the great distance of the Maine site from the Norse settlements in Canada. Well, many other objects found at that same Native American site had come from faraway places. Not just the coin. There's a perfectly reasonable historical explanation for these objects. The Native Americans who lived at the Maine site traveled great distances within North America. They were interested in obtaining objects from faraway places. The Native Americans could have reached the Norse settlements during their travels and brought the silver coin back to Maine. Second, does the fact that we found no other coins at Norse settlements mean that the Norse didn't bring any coins with them? Not necessarily. The Norse didn't create permanent settlements in North America. At some point, they went back to Europe. Whenthey packed for their return voyage, they packed up all their valuable possessions. They would have packed up all silver coins they had as well. So it's completely possible that the Norse had originally brought the coins with them to North America, but when they returned to Europe, they took the coins back with them. Third, it's true that Native Americans wouldn't have viewed coins as money in the same way we do today or the way the Norse did in Europe. But the Norse probably knew that the Native Americans valued attractive or unusual objects. Silver coins might have been very appealing because of their beauty. For example, they could have been used in necklaces or other types of jewelry. As long as Native Americans found the coins interesting and beautiful, the Norse could have used the coins to trade with them. 托福TPO44综合写作满分范文： The reading mainly presents that there are three evidences to prove the coin was not brought by Norse to America. However, the listening challenges what are stated in the passage by providing three strong evidences. Firstly, in the reading, it is said that the location of Marine was so far from Norse sites in Canada. They had no relation with each other. In contrast, the listening holds an opposed view that Native Americans travelled over a thousand kilometers to Norse’s settlement and brought back the coin. Secondly, the passage asserts that there are no other kind of coins found in the Norse’s site. That means that Norse has no coins in the Native America. However, the professor also maintains an opposite opinion that Norse didn't stayed at a place forever. When they returned back to Europe, they took away the valuable silver coins. Finally, the author of reading passage believes that the North understand that the coin is not the most widely accepted form of Native American’s currency. On the other hand, the lecturer disagrees it with the point that Native Americans prefer the valuable or unique items. So the Norse can utilize the coin trade with the Native Americans. 以上是给大家整理的托福TPO44综合写作阅读原文+听力原文+满分范文，希望对你有所帮助!。

为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO40口语Task3阅读文本+听力文本+题目+满分范文，希望对大家备考有所帮助。

托福TPO40口语Task3阅读文本： University to Create a Lounge for Commuter Students Many students at our university do not live in dormitories. These students live in town or in the suburbs and travel to campus every day The university has decided to provide these commuter students with a special lounge in the student center - with couches, chairs, and a television. University officials hope that this lounge - a place to socialize and relax - will give commuter students some of the same advantages that dormitory residents now have. An important additional feature of the lounge will be a bulletin board on the wall for posting and sharing information that may be especially useful to commuter students and their particular needs. 托福TPO40口语Task3听力文本： Now listen to two students discussing the article. Woman：Hey, it's nice that they're gonna do this. Man：It's not a bad idea, but do you think it'll accomplish what they're hoping? Woman：Sure. I mean, the dormitories all have their own lounges, and think about how much time students spend there, and how many people they meet. Man：Yeah. I got to know a lot of people in my dorm during my first semester just watching TV and taking study breaks in the lounge. Woman：Right. Those dorm lounges are really central to student life. And I met people there that really helped me with my schoolwork too. Students who live off campus don't have anything like that. Man：That's true. Woman：Plus, I like the idea of posting stuff. You know, things like notices from students who want to get together with other students to share car rides to campus. Man：Yeah. Rideshare information could be helpful. Woman：Absolutely! If students knew about rideshares, they could save money getting to campus cuz a few of them could travel in one car. 托福TPO40口语Task3题目： The woman expresses her opinion about the university’s plan. Briefly summarize the plan. Then state her opinion about the plan and explain the reasons she gives for holding that opinion. 托福TPO40口语Task3满分范文： The school has implemented a new policy that create a lounge for the commuter students. And the woman holds a positive view towards the announcement. The first reason she gave is that the lounge is very central to student life, and the people there could actually help her with her school work. Students who live off campus don’t have anything like that. And the second one is based on the fact that the woman likes the idea of posting stuff. Things like notices from students who want to get together with other students to share car rides to campus. And it could save a lot of money for students because a few of them could travel in one car. Therefore, she agrees with that opinion. 以上是给大家整理的托福TPO40口语Task3阅读文本+听力文本+题目+满分范文，希望对你有所帮助!。

¡¡¡¡ÎªÁË°ïÖú´ó¼Ò¸ßЧ±¸¿¼Íи££¬Îª´ó¼Ò´øÀ´Íи£TPO41×ÛºÏд×÷ÔĶÁÔ-ÎÄ+ÌýÁ¦Ô-ÎÄ+Âú·Ö·¶ÎÄ£¬Ï£Íû¶Ô´ó¼Ò±¸¿¼ÓÐËù°ïÖú¡£¡¡¡¡Íи£TPO41×ÛºÏд×÷ÔĶÁÔ-ÎÄÎı¾£º¡¡¡¡Burning coal in power plants produces a waste product called coal ash, a material that contains small amounts of potentially harmful chemicals Environmentalists in the United States are concerned about the damage such harmful chemicals may be doing to the environment and suggest that the United States government should create new, much stricter regulations for handling and storing coal ash. However, representatives of power companies take the opposite view; they argue that new regulations are unnecessary and might actually have negative consequences They use the following arguments to support their position. Regulations Exist First, power company representatives point out that effective environmental regulations already exist. For example, one very important regulation requires companies to use liner-special material that prevents coal ash components from leaking into the soil and contaminating the surrounding environment. Companies that dispose of coal ash in disposal ponds or landfills must use liner in every new pond or landfill they build. Concerns About Recycling Coal Ash Second, some analysts predict that creating very strict rules for storing and handling coal ash might discourage the recycling of coal ash into other products Currently, a large portion of coal ash generated by power plants is recycled: it is used, for example, in building materials such as concrete and bricks Recycling coal ash reduces the need to dispose of it in other ways and presents no environmental danger. However, if new, stricter rules are adopted for handling coal ash, consumers may become concerned that recycled coal ash products are just too dangerous, and may stop buying the products Increased Cost Finally, strict new regulations would result in a significant increase in disposal and handling costs for the power companies. perhaps as much as ten times the current costs. Power companies would be forced to increase the price of electricity, which would not be welcomed by the general public.¡¡¡¡Íи£TPO41×ÛºÏд×÷ÌýÁ¦Ô-ÎÄÎı¾£º¡¡¡¡Professor: There should definitely be stricter rules adopted for handling and disposing of coal ash.¡¡¡¡First, the regulations we have now, for example, those that require companies to use liner, are not really sufficient. Under the current regulations, liner has to be used only when a company builds a new landfill or a new pond. But companies are not required to add liner to old ponds and landfills. Yet several of those older disposal sites have caused significant damage. For example, the harmful chemicals from coal ash leaked into groundwater and contaminated drinking water. We absolutely need stricter new regulations that will prevent environmental damage at all coal ash disposal sites, the new sites as well as the old ones.¡¡¡¡Second, stricter rules for handling coal ash won't necessarily mean that consumers will stop using recycled coal ash products. Let's look at how people responded to strict regulations for other dangerous materials. Take mercury for example. Mercury is a fairly hazardous material and it's been subject to very strict handling and storage rules for a long time. Yet despite those rules, it's been successfully and safely recycled for over 50 years. And consumers have had very few concerns about it. So it's unlikely that consumers will become afraid to buy recycled coal ash products if stricter regulations are adopted.¡¡¡¡Third, it's true that the cost of coal ash storage and handling will increase, but in this case, the result is well worth the extra cost. According to analysts, the cost to the power companies of implementing these rules would be about 15 billion dollars. That sounds like a lot. But when you actually do the math, it would increase the average consumer's household electricity bill by only about one percent. That's not a big price to pay for having a cleaner environment.¡¡¡¡Íи£TPO41×ÛºÏд×÷Âú·Ö·¶ÎÄ1£º¡¡¡¡The reading mainly talks about that the new regulations of coal ash are unnecessary. However the listening challenges what are stated in the passage by providing three strong reasons. Firstly, in the reading, it is said that the effective environmental regulations have already existed. In contrast, the listening holds a view that the regulations we have now are not sufficient. For example, the harmful chemicals from coal ash leaked into groundwater and contaminated drinking water. So we need stricter new rules to prevent environmental damage at all coal ash disposal sites. Secondly, the passage asserts that creating too strict rules for storing and dealing with coal ash might discourage the recycling of it into other products. However, the professor maintains an opposite opinion that stricter rules don¡¯t mean that consumers won¡¯t use recycled coal ash products anymore. Take mercury as example, it¡¯s been successfully and safely recycled for over 50 years and it receives little concerns. Finally, the author of reading passage believes that strict new regulations would increase the cost of disposal and handling for the power companies. On the other hand, the professor disagrees it with the point that the result is worth the extra cost. To state it more clearly, it would increase the average consumer¡¯s electricity bill by only about one percent which is totally acceptable to have a cleaner environment. ####According to the reading passage, representatives of power companies hold the view that new regulations for handling and storing coal ash are unnecessary and might lead to undesirable consequences. However, the listening challenges what are stated in the passage by providing three strong reasons. Firstly, in the reading, it is said that the effective environmental regulations already exist. For example one regulation requires companies to use liner to prevent coal ash components from contaminating the surrounding environment. In contrast, the listening holds a view that the regulations we have now are not sufficient. For example, the harmful chemicals from coal ash leaked into groundwater and contaminated drinking water. So。

为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO39综合写作阅读原文+听力原文+满分范文，希望对大家备考有所帮助。

托福TPO39综合写作阅读原文文本： At the end of the Triassic period 200 million years ago, there was a mass-extinction event that caused the extinction of more than half of all living species. It was this extinction event that allowed dinosaurs to become the dominant species for the next 145 million years. We do not know exactly what happened that eliminated so many species in a relatively short period of time, but there are several possible explanations.One theory involves the decline of sea levels. Near the end of the Triassic period, sea levels were fluctuating. When sea levels fall, the habitats for ocean populations that live in the shallows and land species that live on the coast are destroyed. The destruction of coastal and shallow-ocean species would have had a profound effect on food chains worldwide, leading to mass extinctions.Another theory involves massive climate cooling. The end of the Triassic period was marked by widespread volcanic activity. The volcanoes released large amounts of sulfur dioxide (S02). A rise in atmospheric S02 is known to cause a lowering in global temperatures. Such climate change could have devastated many species and led to the extinctions.The third theory involves an asteroid strike. Asteroids (objects from outer space) occasionally collide with Earth. When an asteroid hits Earth’s surface, it often displaces large amounts of soil and crushed rock, leaving behind a depression, or crater. The displaced debris is thrown up into the atmosphere where it can block out sunlight for many months or even a few years. A sufficiently massive asteroid impact at the end of the Triassic period may have blocked sunlight long enough for most plants to die and many animal species to then starve. 托福TPO39综合写作听力原文文本： Well the theories given in the reading may sound plausible, none of them is a good explanation for the massive extinction at the end of the Triassic period. First, sea level change. Well scientists agree that the sea level fluctuated at the end of the Triassic period often going down. This isn’t a good explanation for the extinctions. Coastal and shallow water ecosystems are usually capable of adapting to environmental changes that happen gradually. The falling sea level at the end of the Triassic period was quite gradual, taking place over several million years. The change would have to be much more sudden to have a widespread negative impact on the species in those ecosystems.Second, global cooling. It’s true that sulfur dioxide can lower global temperatures, but that can only happen during a relatively short period, when the sulfur dioxide that’s been released by volcanoes is actually still present in the atmosphere. In a matter of a few years, the excess SO2 is usually cleared out of the atmosphere. Basically, the SO2 combines with water in the atmosphere, and falls back on earth as rain. It doesn’t seem likely, therefore, that even if there was a lot of volcanic SO2 released at the end of the Triassic, it stayed in theatmosphere long enough to cause mass distinctions.Third, very few scientists believe the asteroid theory because we haven’t found any asteroid crater the side where the asteroid hit that can be dated to the time when the mass distinction occurred. We did find a crater, but it dates to about 12 million years before the extinction. That’s just too long before the extinction to have anything to do with it. 托福TPO39综合写作满分范文： This set of material focus on the debate over explanations about mass-extinction event. The author proposes three possible theories but the speaker retorts them one by one. First, the passage says that the decline of sea level will cause coast species to distinct and thus lead to the elimination of other species. However, the lecturer indicates that sea level indeed fluctuates during this period, but it actually goes down at a very low speed. This change takes millions of years. The period is so long that it is certainly enough time for earth species to adapt themselves to it. Therefore, the first idea of the essay is rebutted. Second, the author demonstrated that frequent volcanic activity will release too much sulfur dioxide which can lead to earth cooling. Nevertheless, the speaker argues that sulfur dioxide presents for few years in earth’s atmosphere, but it can combine with water and become rain. Consequently, the sulfur dioxide leaves the air so it is impossible for it to stay long enough in the atmosphere and cause apparent temperature drop. Third, the writer holds that asteroids collide with the earth produces large amounts of debris which block sunlight, finally leading to the death of plantations and the starvation of animals. While the speaker says that it is found the asteroid strike happened about 12 million years before the mass-extinction. It is too long before the sudden elimination of earth species so probably has nothing to do with this great collision. Thus overturns the third viewpoint in the essay. (254 words) 以上是给大家整理的托福TPO39综合写作阅读原文+听力原文+满分范文，希望对你有所帮助!。

托福TPO50综合写作阅读原文+听力原文+满分范文为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO50综合写作阅读原文+听力原文+满分范文，希望对大家备考有所帮助。

托福TPO50综合写作阅读原文文本：Scientists are considering the possibility of sending humans to Mars in the coming decades. Although there have been successful manned missions to the Moon in the 1960s and 1970s, Mars is 150 times further away from Earth than the Moon is. Thus the project of sending humans to Mars would require solving an array of problems the Moon missions did not have to face. One problem is that a round-trip to Mars and back is likely to take at least two years. The trip to the Moon lasted only a few days, and it was easy to bring enough supplies of food, water, and oxygen; but the cargo capacity of space vehicles is too limited to put on board the food, water, and oxygen required by a crew for a period of two years. Without those essentials, though, a Mars mission is impossible. A second problem is that astronauts on the Mars mission would be in the zero-gravity environment of space for many months at a time. Spending a long time in the zero-gravity environment has negative effects on the human body, such as decreased muscle mass and lower bone density. Over the course of a two-year mission, the effects would be so severe, they would make it impossible for humans to make the trip without experiencing grave medical problems. Finally, astronauts on a mission to Mars would be exposed to dangerous levels of space radiation, much of which comes in the form of charged particles emitted by the Sun. Earth's magnetic field, which normally protects us from dangerous solar radiation, would not be able to protect a spaceship traveling in interplanetary space.Constructing a shield that would protect the whole spaceship from space radiation is at present impossible because it would add too much weight to the ship.托福TPO50综合写作听力原文文本：A trip to mars would definitely be challenging but scientists have proposed solutions to the problems the reading selection discusses.First of all, food, water and oxygen. Well astronauts can use hydroponics. Hydroponics is a technique for growing plants with their roots in water rather than in soil. It requires relatively little space. Using hydroponics, the astronauts should be able to cultivate food crops in the spacecraft. In addition, the hydroponic will grow plants with recycle waste water and release it as clean water vapor, which can be collected as drinking water. And of course, all plants absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen. So thanks to hydroponics the astronauts will also have fresh air to breathe.Second, the effects of zero gravity. Over the last few decades, we have launched several space stations orbiting the earth. And a number of astronauts have spent many months on them in a zero gravity environment. These astronauts have learned to use several techniques to safely manage the effects of zero gravity. For example, regular exercise prevents the decrease in muscle mass. Likewise, taking vitamins and minerals like calcium slows down the decrease in astronauts’ bone density.Third, solar radiation. Astronauts traveling to Mars will be exposed to some solar radiation but this radiation will not be at dangerous levels all the time. The sun only releases dangerous amounts of radiation occasionally, during periods when it is particularly active. In order to avoid this threat, the spacecraftcould be equipped with special instruments that monitor solar radiation and with a small shelter that shield against radiation but doesn’t ad d much weight to the ship. Most of the time, the astronauts will go about their normal business in unshielded areas of the spacecraft. But when their instruments detect increased radiation, they could stay in the small shielded area until the danger has passed.托福TPO50综合写作满分范文：Both the reading and listening are arguing over a question whether it is possible to send human being to Mars. The reading lists out three problems to a successful carrying out. However, the listening offers three solutions to these questions. First, the reading raises the question that it takes too long to send people to Mars, approximately two years and no spacecraft could take that many loads of food, water and life essentials. Instead, the listening says this is not a real problem since the astronauts could use hydroponics to grow crop plants in water and food will not be an obstacle. Also, they could grow plants with recycle waste water and reuse it as clean water vapor, which could be drunk. Plus, since all plants do photosynthesis, the astronauts could breathe fresh air released by them. Second, the reading asserts that living in a zero-gravity environment would exert a negative effect on one’s health. Nevertheless, the professor says that the astronauts have learned to use several techniques to make up for the health issue. They will do regular exercise to prevent muscle mass from decreasing and take vitamins and minerals to slow down problem with their bone density. In another word, they’ve figured out how to cope with the potential health problem. Third, the reading claims that radiation emitted by the sun would be dangerous to astronauts. This time professor subtly rejects bypointing out that a third solution has come out. The spaceship would be equipped with a special instrument to monitor the radiation. What’s more, the device could also shield against the radiation. When astronauts meet the period of a large amount of radiation, they could hide behind the shielded areas and come out when the danger has passed.以上是给大家整理的托福TPO50综合写作阅读原文+听力原文+满分范文，希望对你有所帮助!。

tpo41托福综合写作范文一、阅读文章要点。

阅读文章的观点是，人类可以在火星上建立永久性的居住点，并且给出了三个理由：1. 火星的大气含有二氧化碳：这一气体可以被利用来生产燃料和氧气。

通过一些技术手段，比如将二氧化碳分解成一氧化碳和氧气，氧气可供人类呼吸，一氧化碳可作为燃料的组成部分。

这样就能解决人类在火星上生存所需要的呼吸用气和能源问题。

2. 火星的重力较低：这对于人类来说是一个优势。

低重力环境使得从火星发射宇宙飞船返回地球更加容易。

相比在地球发射火箭，需要克服巨大的重力，在火星上发射火箭所需要的燃料会少很多，从而大大降低了太空探索任务的成本和难度。

3. 火星上有冰存在：火星上的冰可以融化成水。

水是生命之源，它可以用于人类饮用、灌溉农作物等。

而且，水还可以分解成氢气和氧气，进一步为人类提供能源。

这就使得人类在火星上建立永久性居住点有了最基本的资源保障。

二、听力文章要点。

听力文章对阅读中的观点进行了反驳，理由如下：1. 二氧化碳利用困难：虽然火星大气中有二氧化碳，但是这些二氧化碳大多以固体干冰的形式存在于火星的两极。

要将其收集并转化为有用的氧气和燃料，需要复杂的设备和大量的能量投入。

以目前人类的技术水平，要将这些设备运送到火星并且维持其运行是非常困难的，所以无法像阅读中所说的那样轻易地利用二氧化碳。

2. 低重力带来健康问题：火星的低重力环境对人类健康有严重的危害。

长时间处于低重力环境下，人类的肌肉和骨骼会萎缩。

例如，宇航员在国际空间站待一段时间后返回地球时，身体就会出现各种问题。

在火星上建立永久性居住点意味着人类要长期面对这种低重力环境，这会使人类的身体状况变得非常糟糕，甚至可能威胁到生命，所以低重力并不是一个像阅读中说的那样的优势。

3. 火星上的冰难以利用：火星上的冰并不是像阅读中所说的那样容易被利用。

因为这些冰里含有很多有害物质，像高氯酸盐。

如果要将这些冰融化成水供人类使用，首先需要去除这些有害物质，而目前我们还没有一种简单有效的方法来做到这一点。

托福界常说得听力者得天下，足以说明听力对托福来说是重中之重。

小编整理了2017年托福听力真题+答案+MP3听力，给各位托福考生希望对各位考生能有所帮助。

1.What do the speakers mainly discuss?A The lack of functional printers in the student centerB The large crowds in the computer labsC The skills that computer and printer technicians needD The expected delivery of new computer printers2. Why does the man mention the engineering school?A To direct the student to a place where she can finish her workB To indicate who serves as computer techniciansC To indicate where computer technicians are currently busy fixingprintersD To indicate that the problem with the printers is not limited to thestudent center3. Why does the man mention the president of the college?A To suggest that the president is too busy to get involved in thisissueB To indicate that the president proposed hiring additionaltechniciansC To explain that the president decided that purchasing new printerswould be too costlyD To point out the president’s involvement in acquiring new printers4. What does the man offer to do?A Replace empty ink cartridges in printers in the student centerB Allow the student to use computer centers that had been closedC Send a technician to the student center to repair the printersD Send an e-mail to the students to explain when the new printers will be installed5. Why does the man say this:A To indicate that he does not understand the purchasing processB To assure the student that the printers will be installed nextmonthC To suggest that the student should contact the purchasing office for further informationD To help explain the reason for the delay in receiving the newprintersConversation21. What are the speakers mainly discussing? (Click on 2 answers.)A he man’s concerns about the midterm examB An acting award that Professor Davis recently wonC A professor’s playwriting accomplishmentsD Arrangements for attending a local play2. What does Professor Davis plan to give the student? (Click on 2 answers.)A Directions to a theaterB A list of students' addressesC Tickets to a playD A study guide for the midterm exam。

为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO43口语Task2题目+满分范文，希望对大家备考有所帮助。

托福TPO43独立口语Task2题目： Some students attend college full-time, while others attend college part-time. Which do you think is better? Explain why. 托福TPO43独立口语Task2满分范文： Some people may believe that they only attend college part-time, but I disagree.I don't understand how university students can expect to learn anything if they don't attend colleges for full-time. First, in college they gain the benefit of the professor's knowledge preferentially. The best professors do more than just go over the material in the textbooks. Also, attending colleges on any subject teaches more than just facts. It teaches students how to learn, how to absorb information and then apply what they've learned to other situations. Personal experience can help people learn about themselves and the world outside the classroom, but when it comes to learning about academic subjects, students need to be in college better for a longer time. At last, if you just attend college for part-time, then you will miss important events and chances to make friends. It is hard to keep the same pace with others. So, I will choose to attend college for full-time. 以上是给大家整理的托福TPO43口语Task2题目+满分范文，希望对你有所帮助!。

现在大家在进行托福备考时TPO托福模考软件相信是大家用的最多的工具了，对于托福成绩的提升是非常有帮助的。

那么，如何利用现有资料TPO模考软件来提升大家的托福成绩呢?今天三立在线教育托福网在这里整理了TPO2托福综合写作阅读原文+听力原文+满分范文分享给大家，希望大家在备考托福时能有所帮助。

TPO2托福综合写作阅读原文文本：First of all, a group of people has a wider range of knowledge，expertise, and skills than any single individual is likely to possess. Also, because of the numbers of people involved and the greater resources they possess, a group can work more quickly in response to the task assigned to it and can come up with highly creative solutions to problems and issues. Sometimes these creative solutions come about because a group is more likely to make risky decisions that an individual might not undertake. This is because the group spreads responsibility for a decision to all the members and thus no single individual can be held accountable if the decision turns out to be wrong. Taking part in a group process can be very rewarding for members of the team. Teammembers who have a voice in making a decision will no doubt feel better about carrying out the work that is entailed by the decision than they might doing work that is imposed on them by others. Also, the individual team member has a much better chance to “shine”, to get his or her contributions and ideas not only recognized but recognized as highly significant, because a team’s overall results can be more far-reaching and have greater impact than what might have otherwise been possible for the person to accomplish or contribute working alone. TPO2托福综合写作听力原文文本：Now I want to tell you about what one company found when it decided that it would turn over some of its new projects to teams of people, and make the team responsible for planning the projects and getting the work done. After about six months, the company took a look at how well the teams performed.On virtually every team, some members got almost a "free ride" ... they didn't contribute much at all, but if their team did a good job, they nevertheless benefited from the recognition the team got. And what about group members who worked especially well and who provided a lot of insight on problems and issues? Well ... the recognition for a job well done went to the group as a whole, no names were named. So it won't surprise you to learn that when the real contributors were askedhow they felt about the group process, their attitude was just the opposite of what the reading predicts.Another finding was that some projects just didn't move very quickly. Why? Because it took so long to reach consensus; it took many, many meetings to build the agreement among group members about how they would move the project along. On the other hand, there were other instances where one or two people managed to become very influential over what their group did. Sometimes when those influencers said "That will never work" about an idea the group was developing, the idea was quickly dropped instead of being further discussed. And then there was another occasion when a couple influencers convinced the group that a plan of theirs was "highly creative. " And even though some members tried to warn the rest of the group that the project was moving in directions that might not work, they were basically ignored by other group members. Can you guess the ending to this story? When the project failed, the blame was placed on all the members of the group.TPO2托福综合写作题目说明及答案要点：Directions: You have 20 minutes to plan and write your response. Your response will be judged on the basis of the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the points in the lecture and theirrelationship to the reading passage. Typically, an effective response will be 150 to 225 words.Summarise the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they cast doubt on specific points made reading passage.TPO2托福综合写作满分范文：The lecturer talks about research conducted by a firm that used the group system to handle their work. He says that the theory stated in the passage was very different and somewhat inaccurate when compared to what happened in reality. First, some members got free rides. That is, some didn’t work hard but got recognition for the success nonetheless. This also indicates that people who worked hard were not given recognition they should have gotten. In other words, they weren’t given the opportunity to "shine". This directly contradicts what the passage indicates. Second, groups were slow in progress. The passage says that groups are more responsive than individuals because of the number of people involved and their aggregated resources. However, the speaker talks about how the firm found out that groups were slower than individuals in decision making. Groups needed more time for meetings, which are necessary procedures in decision making. This was another place where experience contradicted theory. Third, influential people might emerge and lead the group towards glory or failure. If the influent people are going in the right direction therewould be no problem. But in cases where they go in the wrong direction, there is nobody that has enough influence to counter the decision made. In other words, the group might turn into a dictatorship, with the influential party as the leader, and might become less flexible in its thinking. They might become one-sided, and thus fail to succeed. 以上就是三立在线教育托福网为大家整理了TPO2托福综合写作阅读原文+听力原文+满分范文，大家可以边借助TPO模考软件听音频看看自己哪些地方听不懂，然后来看看原文，同时对练习托福听力精听也是很有帮助的。