大脑的解剖结构和功能——布鲁德曼分区

B r o d m a n n分区系统及脑结构(总4页)-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1-CAL-本页仅作为文档封面，使用请直接删除人类大脑皮层的Brodmann分区以下列出人类大脑皮层的Brodmann分区系统。

1，2和3区：体感皮层（习惯上常称为“3，1和2区”）4区 - 初级运动皮层5区 - 体感联合皮层6区 - 前运动皮层和辅助运动区7区 - 体感联合皮层8区 - 包括额页眼动区（Frontal eye field）9区 - 后外侧前额叶皮层10区 - 额极区（上额回和中额回最前侧的部分）11区 - 额眶区（眶回，直回和上额回前侧的一部分）12区 - 额眶区（上额回和下前回之间的区域）13区 - 岛皮层17区 - 初级视皮层18区 - 视觉联合皮层19区 - 视觉联合皮层20区 - 下颞回21区 - 中颞回22区 - 上颞回，其前侧部分属于韦尼克区23区 - 下后扣带皮层24区 - 下前扣带皮层25区 - 膝下皮层26区 - 压外区（Ectosplenial area）28区 - 后内嗅皮层29区 - 压后扣带皮层30区 - 扣带皮层的一部分31区 - 上后扣带皮层32区 - 上前扣带皮层34区 - 前扣带皮层，位于海马旁回35区 - 旁嗅皮层，位于海马旁回36区 - 海马旁皮层37区 - 梭状回 538区 - 颞极区39区 - 角回，韦尼克区的一部分40区 - 缘上回，韦尼克区的一部分41，42区 - 初级听皮层和听觉联合皮层43区 - 中央下区（Subcentral area）44区 - 三角部，布洛卡区的一部分45区 - 岛盖部，布洛卡区的一部分46区 - 上外额叶皮层47区 - 下额页皮层48区 - 下脚后区，颞叶内侧的一小部分49区 - 岛旁区，位于颞叶和岛叶的交界处。

Areas 3, 1 & 2 - Primary Somatosensory Cortex (frequently referred to as Areas 3, 1, 2 by convention)Area 4 - Primary Motor CortexArea 5 - Somatosensory Association CortexArea 6 - Premotor cortex and Supplementary Motor Cortex (Secondary Motor Cortex)(Supplementary motor area)Area 7 - Somatosensory Association CortexArea 8 - Includes Frontal eye fieldsArea 9 - Dorsolateral prefrontal cortexArea 10 - Anterior prefrontal cortex (most rostral part of superior and middle frontal gyri)Area 11 - Orbitofrontal area (orbital and rectus gyri, plus part of the rostral part of the superior frontal gyrus)Area 12 - Orbitofrontal area (used to be part of BA11, refers to the area between the superior frontal gyrus and the inferior rostralsulcus)Area 13 and Area 14* - Insular cortexArea 15* - Anterior Temporal LobeArea 17 - Primary visual cortex (V1)Area 18 - Secondary visual cortex (V2)Area 19 - Associative visual cortex (V3)Area 20 - Inferior temporal gyrusArea 21 - Middle temporal gyrusArea 22 - Superior temporal gyrus, of which the caudal part is usually considered to contain the Wernicke's areaArea 23 - Ventral Posterior cingulate cortexArea 24 - Ventral Anterior cingulate cortexArea 25 - Subgenual cortexArea 26 - Ectosplenial areaArea 27 - Piriform cortexArea 28 - Posterior Entorhinal CortexArea 29 - Retrosplenial cingulate cortexArea 30 - Part of cingulate cortexArea 31 - Dorsal Posterior cingulate cortexArea 32 - Dorsal anterior cingulate cortexArea 33 - Part of anterior cingulate cortexArea 34 - Anterior Entorhinal Cortex (on the Parahippocampal gyrus)Area 35 - Perirhinal cortex (on the Parahippocampal gyrus)Area 36 - Parahippocampal cortex (on the Parahippocampal gyrus)Area 37 - Fusiform gyrusArea 38 - Temporopolar area (most rostral part of the superior and middle temporal gyri)Area 39 - Angular gyrus, considered by some to be part of Wernicke's areaArea 40 - Supramarginal gyrus considered by some to be part of Wernicke's areaAreas 41 & 42 - Primary and Auditory Association CortexArea 43 - Subcentral area (between insula andpost/precentral gyrus)Area 44 - pars opercularis, part of Broca's areaArea 45 - pars triangularis Broca's areaArea 46 - Dorsolateral prefrontal cortexArea 47 - Inferior prefrontal gyrusArea 48 - Retrosubicular area (a small part of the medial surface of the temporal lobe)Area 49 - a retrohippocampal isocortical structure. It receives numerous subcortical and cortical inputs, and sends major projections to the superficial layers of the entorhinal cortexArea 50 –Area 51 -Area 52 - Parainsular area (at the junction of the temporal lobe and the insula)(*) Area only found in non-human primates.端脑由左、右大脑半球、基底核构成，连接两半球的是胼胝体。

大脑的解剖结构和功能——xxxx分区系统xxxx分区是一个根据将划分为一系列解剖区域的系统。

中所谓细胞结构（Cytoarchitecture），是指在染色的脑组织中观察到的的组织方式。

xxxx分区1909年由医生（Korbinian Brodmann）提出。

根据皮质细胞的类型及纤维的疏密把大脑皮质分为52个区，并用数字给予表示。

Brodmann Area 1, BA1Brodmann Area 2, BA2Brodmann Area 3, BA3位置：位于中央后回 (postcentral gyrus) 和前顶叶区。

功能：分别为体感皮层内侧、末尾和前端区,BA1、BA2、BA3共同组成体感皮层；具备基本体感功能（first somatic sensory area）接受对侧肢体的感觉传入。

Brodmann Area 4, BA4位置：位于中央前回(precentral gyrus)，中央沟(central sulcus)的内侧面功能：初级运动皮层（first somatic motor area)，包含“运动小人”（motor homunculus ）。

控制行为运动，与BA6 （前）和BA3 、BA2 、BA1、（后）相连，同时与丘脑腹外侧核相连。

体感小人（Somatosensory Homunculus ）传入体感信息较多的身体区域获得的皮层代表区域较大。

比如手部在初级体感皮层中的代表区域比背部的大。

体感皮质定位可用“体感小人”（Somatosensory homunculus）来表示。

Brodmann Area 5, BA5位置：位于顶叶前梨状皮质区（梨状皮质piriform cortex为下边缘皮质的组成部分）。

功能：与BA7形成体感联合皮层。

Brodmann Area 7, BA7位置：位于顶叶皮质顶部，体感皮层后方，视觉皮层（visual area)上方。

功能：将视觉和运动信息联合起来；与BA5形成体感联合皮层；视觉-运动协调功能。

人类大脑皮层的Brodmann分区以下列出人类大脑皮层的Brodmann分区系统.Areas 3, 1 & 2 - Primary Somatosensory Cortex <frequently referred to as Areas 3, 1, 2 by convention>Area 4 - Primary Motor CortexArea 5 - Somatosensory Association CortexArea 6 - Premotor cortex and Supplementary Motor Cortex <Secondary Motor Cortex><Supplementary motor area>Area 7 - Somatosensory Association CortexArea 8 - Includes Frontal eye fieldsArea 9 - Dorsolateral prefrontal cortexArea 10 - Anterior prefrontal cortex <most rostral part of superior and middle frontal gyri>Area 11 - Orbitofrontal area <orbital and rectus gyri, plus part of the rostral part of the superior frontal gyrus>Area 12 - Orbitofrontal area <used to be part of BA11, refers to the area between the superior frontal gyrus and the inferior rostral sulcus> Area 13 and Area 14* - Insular cortexArea 15* - Anterior Temporal LobeArea 17 - Primary visual cortex <V1>Area 18 - Secondary visual cortex <V2>Area 19 - Associative visual cortex <V3>Area 20 - Inferior temporal gyrusArea 21 - Middle temporal gyrusArea 22 - Superior temporal gyrus, of which the caudal part is usually considered to contain the Wernicke's areaArea 23 - Ventral Posterior cingulate cortexArea 24 - Ventral Anterior cingulate cortexArea 25 - Subgenual cortexArea 26 - Ectosplenial areaArea 27 - Piriform cortexArea 28 - Posterior Entorhinal CortexArea 29 - Retrosplenial cingulate cortexArea 30 - Part of cingulate cortexArea 31 - Dorsal Posterior cingulate cortexArea 32 - Dorsal anterior cingulate cortexArea 33 - Part of anterior cingulate cortexArea 34 - Anterior Entorhinal Cortex <on the Parahippocampal gyrus> Area 35 - Perirhinal cortex <on the Parahippocampal gyrus>Area 36 - Parahippocampal cortex <on the Parahippocampal gyrus>Area 37 - Fusiform gyrusArea 38 - Temporopolar area <most rostral part of the superior and middle temporal gyri>Area 39 - Angular gyrus, considered by some to be part of Wernicke's area Area 40 - Supramarginal gyrus considered by some to be part of Wernicke's areaAreas 41 & 42 - Primary and Auditory Association CortexArea 43 - Subcentral area <between insula and post/precentral gyrus> Area 44 - pars opercularis, part of Broca's areaArea 45 - pars triangularis Broca's areaArea 46 - Dorsolateral prefrontal cortexArea 47 - Inferior prefrontal gyrusArea 48 - Retrosubicular area <a small part of the medial surface of the temporal lobe>Area 49 - a retrohippocampal isocortical structure. It receives numerous subcortical and cortical inputs, and sends major projections to the superficial layers of the entorhinal cortexArea 50 –Area 51 -Area 52 - Parainsular area <at the junction of the temporal lobe and the insula><*> Area only found in non-human primates.端脑由左、右大脑半球、基底核构成,连接两半球的是胼胝体.大脑半球的外形1．三个面每侧大脑半球可分为上外侧面、内侧面和下面三个面.2．三个叶间沟中央沟、外侧沟、顶枕沟.3．五个叶额叶、顶叶、枕叶、颞叶、岛叶.4．主要沟回<1>额叶：中央前沟、额上沟、额下沟、中央前回、额上回、额中回、额下回.<2>顶叶：中央后沟、中央后回、角回、缘上回等.<3>颞叶：颞上沟、颞下沟、颞上回、颞中回、颞下回、颞横回等.<4>内侧面：扣带沟、距状沟、侧副沟、扣带回、中央旁小叶、海马旁回等.<5>下面：嗅球、嗅束等.1．大脑皮质机能区<1>躯体感觉区：中央后回和中央旁小叶后部.<2>躯体运动区：中央前回和中央旁小叶前部.<3>视区：距状沟两侧皮质.<4>听区：颞横回.<5>语言中枢1>听觉语言中枢：缘上回.2>视觉语言中枢：角回.3>书写中枢：额中回后部.4>运动性语言中枢：额下回后部.大脑结构详解大脑<Brain>包括左、右两个半球与连接两个半球的中间部分,即第三脑室前端的终板.大脑半球被覆灰质,称大脑皮质,其深方为白质,称为髓质.髓质内的灰质核团为基底神经节.在大脑两半球间由巨束纤维—相连.具体内容有大脑半球各脑叶、大脑皮质功能定位、大脑半球深部结构、大脑半球内白质、嗅脑和边缘系统五大部分.各叶的位置、结构和主要功能如下：1、额叶：也叫前额叶.位于中央沟以前.在中央沟和中央前沟之间为中央前回.在其前方有额上沟和饿下沟,被两沟相间的是额上回、额中回和额下回.额下回的后部有外侧裂的升支和水平分支分为眶部、三角部和盖部.额叶前端为额极.额叶底面有眶沟界出的直回和眶回,其最内方的深沟为嗅束沟,容纳嗅束和嗅球.嗅束向后分为内侧和外侧嗅纹,其分叉界出的三角区称为嗅三角,也称为前穿质,前部脑底动脉环的许多穿支血管由此入脑.在额叶的内侧面,中央前、后回延续的部分,称为旁中央小叶.负责思维、计划,与个体的需求和情感相关.2、顶叶：位于中央沟之后,顶枕裂于枕前切迹连线之前.在中央沟和中央后沟之间为中央后回.横行的顶间沟将顶叶余部分为顶上小叶和顶下小叶.顶下小叶又包括缘上回和角回.响应疼痛、触摸、品尝、温度、压力的感觉,该区域也与数学和逻辑相关.3、颞叶：位于外侧裂下方,由颞上、中、下三条沟分为颞上回、颞中回、颞下回.隐在外侧裂内的是颞横回.在颞叶的侧面和底面,在颞下沟和侧副裂间为梭状回,,侧副裂与海马裂之间为海马回,围绕海马裂前端的钩状部分称为海马钩回.负责处理听觉信息,也与记忆和情感有关.4、枕叶位于枕顶裂和枕前切迹连线之后.在内侧面,,距状裂和顶枕裂之间为楔叶,与侧副裂候补之间为舌回.负责处理视觉信息.5、岛叶：位于外侧裂的深方,其表面的斜行中央钩分为长回和短回.6、边缘系统：与记忆有关,在行为方面与情感有关.大脑的总结构大脑皮质为中枢神经系统的最高级中枢,各皮质的功能复杂,不仅与躯体的各种感觉和运动有关,也与语言、文字等密切相关.根据大脑皮质的细胞成分、排列、构筑等特点,将皮质分为若干区.现在按Brodmann提出的机能区定位简述如下：·皮质运动区：位于中央前回〔4区〕,是支配对侧躯体随意运动的中枢.它主要接受来自对侧骨骼肌、肌腱和关节的本体感觉冲动,以感受身体的位置、姿势和运动感觉,并发出纤维,即锥体束控制对侧骨骼肌的随意运动.返回皮质运动前区：位于中央前回之前〔6区〕,为锥体外系皮质区.它发出纤维至丘脑、基底神经节、红核、黑质等.与联合运动和姿势动作协调有关,也具有植物神经皮质中枢的部分功能.·皮质眼球运动区：位于额叶的8枢和枕叶19区,为眼球运动同向凝视中枢,管理两眼球同时向对侧注视.皮质一般感觉区：位于中央后回〔1、2、3区〕,接受身体对侧的痛、温、触和本体感觉冲动,并形成相应的感觉.顶上小叶〔5、7〕为精细触觉和实体觉的皮质区. ·额叶联合区：为额叶前部的9、10、11区,与智力和精神活动有密切关系.·视觉皮质区：在枕叶的距状裂上、下唇与楔叶、舌回的相邻区〔17区〕.每一侧的上述区域皮质都接受来自两眼对侧视野的视觉冲动,并形成视觉.·听觉皮区：位于颞横回中部〔41、42区〕,又称Heschl氏回.每侧皮质均按来自双耳的听觉冲动产生听觉.·嗅觉皮质区：位于嗅区、钩回和海马回的前部〔25、28、34〕和35区的大部分〕.每侧皮质均接受双侧嗅神经传入的冲动.·内脏皮质区：该区定位不太集中,主要分布在扣带回前部、颞叶前部、眶回后部、岛叶、海马与海马钩回等区域.·语言运用中枢：人类的语言与使用工具等特殊活动在一侧皮层上也有较集中的代表区〔优势半球〕,也称为语言运用中枢.它们分别是：①运动语言中枢：位于额下回后部〔44、45区,又称Broca区〕.②听觉语言中枢：位于颞上回42、22区皮质,该区具有能够听到声音并将声音理解成语言的一系列过程的功能.③视觉语言中枢：位于顶下小叶的角回,即39区.该区具有理解看到的符号和文字意义的功能.④运用中枢：位于顶下小叶的缘上回,即40区.此区主管精细的协调功能.⑤书写中枢：位于额中回后部8、6区,即中央前回手区的前方.返回大脑半球深部结构·基底神经节：基底神经节是大脑皮质下的一组神经细胞核团,它包括纹状体、杏仁核和屏状核〔带状核〕.纹状体又包括尾状核、豆状核两部分.纹状体是丘脑锥体外系重经结构之一,是运动整合中枢的一部分.它主要接受大脑皮质、丘脑、丘脑底核和黑质的传入冲动,并与红核、网状结构等形成广泛的联系,以维持肌张力和肌肉活动的协调.·内囊：内囊位于豆状核、尾状核和丘脑之间,是大脑皮层与下级中枢之间联系的重要神经束的必经之路,形似宽厚的白质纤维带.内囊可分三部,额部称前肢,枕部称后肢,两部的汇合区为膝部.。

Brodmann分区是一个根据细胞结构将大脑皮层划分为一系列解剖区域的系统神经解剖学中所谓细胞结构（Cytoarchitecture），是指在染色的脑组织中观察到的神经元的组织方式。

分区系统包括每个半球的52个区域。

其中一些区域今天已经被细分，例如23区被分为23a 和23b区等。

从物种间差异来讲，同一分区号码在不同的物种间并不一定代表相似的区域1，2和3区：体感皮层（习惯上常称为“3，1和2区”）4区- 初级运动皮层5区- 体感联合皮层6区- 前运动皮层7区- 体感联合皮层8区- 包括额页眼动区（Frontal eye field）9区- 后外侧前额叶皮层10区- 额极区（上额回和中额回最前侧的部分）11区- 额眶区（眶回，直回和上额回前侧的一部分）12区- 额眶区（上额回和下前回之间的区域）13，14区- 岛皮层15区- 前颞叶16区- 岛皮层17区- 初级视皮层18区- 第二视觉皮层19区- 视觉联合皮层20区- 下颞回21区- 中颞回22区- 上颞回，其前侧部分属于韦尼克区23区- 下后扣带皮层24区- 下前扣带皮层25区- 膝下皮层26区- 压外区（Ectosplenial area）28区- 后内嗅皮层29区- 压后扣带皮层30区- 扣带皮层的一部分31区- 上后扣带皮层32区- 上前扣带皮层33区- 前口扣带皮层的一部分34区- 前嗅皮层，位于海马旁回35区- 旁嗅皮层，位于嗅脑沟36区- 海马旁皮层37区- 梭状回38区- 颞极区39区- 角回，韦尼克区的一部分40区- 缘上回，韦尼克区的一部分41，42区- 初级听皮层和听觉联合皮层43区- 中央下区（Subcentral area）44区- 岛盖部，布洛卡区的一部分45区- 三角部，布洛卡区的一部分46区- 上外额叶皮层47区- 下额页皮层48区- 下脚后区，颞叶内侧的一小部分49区- 岛旁区，位于颞叶和岛叶的交界处。

BA1， BA2，BA3位置：位于中央后回和前顶叶区功能：分别为体感皮层内侧、末尾和前端区,BA1、BA2、BA3共同组成体感皮层具备基本体感功能接受对侧肢体的感觉传入BA4位置：位于中央前回，中央沟的内侧面功能：初级运动皮层包含“运动小人”（motor homunculus ）控制行为运动与BA6 （前）和BA3 、BA2 、BA1、（后）相连同时与丘脑腹外侧核相连BA5位置：位于顶叶前梨状皮质区（梨状皮质为下边缘皮质的组成部分）功能：与BA7形成体感联合皮层BA7位置位于顶叶皮质顶部，体感皮层后方，视觉皮层上方功能将视觉和运动信息联合起来与BA5形成体感联合皮层视觉-运动协调功能感觉区——体感联合区位于初级躯体感觉皮层后方（BA5、BA7）整合各种感觉传入-触压觉、其它感觉利用以往储存的感觉体验BA6位置：位于额叶，中央前回前端区功能：与BA8共同构成前运动皮层指导感官运动辅助运动区（控制身体的近端和躯干肌肉）BA8位置位于额叶功能与BA6共同构成前运动皮层包括额叶眼动区，控制眼球的随意运动-尤其与眼球的追随运动有关运动规划BA9位置:位于额叶BA10位置:位于额叶，额下回顶部的延髓区（上额回和中额回最前侧的部分）BA11位置:位于额叶内侧腹面，前额皮层区（眶回，直回和上额回前侧的一部分）联合区——前额叶BA9、BA10、BA11共同构成前额叶皮层执行认知功能思维和知觉的所有方面信息的记忆和回忆解决问题情绪与前脑的边缘部分有密切的联系BA12位置：位于上额回和下前回之间的区域（额眶区）BA13， BA14，BA15，BA16位置：位于岛叶功能：处理收敛信息产生的一种感官经验（如厌恶、不安的感觉），与情感相关前岛叶有嗅觉、味觉、边缘功能，同时后岛与听觉、自主感觉-运动功能有关还与上瘾有关BA17位置：位于枕叶内侧面（初级视觉皮层，纹状皮质V1）功能：视觉信息加工的初步场所方位柱、眼优势柱组织接收来自外侧膝状体（丘脑后外侧的下方）的信息沿背、腹途径将信息发送到其他视觉区BA18位置：位于枕叶，包括部分楔回、舌回和外侧枕叶回，部分纹外皮层（二级视觉皮层，V2，纹外视觉皮层）功能：视觉处理（视觉联合皮层）BA19位置：位于枕叶功能：视觉处理与BA18构成视觉联合皮层, BA20位置：位于颞下回功能：更高水平的信息处理视觉腹侧通路感觉区——腹背侧通路腹侧通路–进入颞叶下部（BA20、BA37）负责物体、文字、面孔的识别，即“是什么”背侧通路–延伸至中央后回（BA39、BA40）感知空间关系，即“在哪里”BA21位置:位于颞叶侧面，在BA20上方、BA40和BA41下方，颞中回区功能:语言和听觉处理BA22位置:位于颞叶功能:后一部分包含韦尼克区（包括颞上回、颞中回后部、缘上回以及角回。

1909年，布鲁德曼(Brodmann)根据皮质细胞的类型及纤维的疏密把大脑皮质分为52个区，并用数字给予表示。

Brodmann 大脑分区总览－单春雷推荐(2007-08-29 08:57:01)标签：健康/保健brodmann大脑分区分类：医学科研向大家推荐这个比较全面的分区内容，让我们更加了解各脑区的位置和相互关系。

Locational Descriptions of Human Brodmann areas1 - intermediate postcentral(area postcentralis intermedia). Located in the postcentral gyrus. Bounded cytoarchitecturally by the rostral postcentral area 3 and the caudal postcentral area2 and, at its ventral tip, by the subcentral area 43.2 - caudal postcentral(area postcentralis caudalis). Located primarily in the caudal portion of the postcentral gyrus and the rostral lip of the postcentral sulcus with a caudal extension along the intraparietal sulcus. Cytoarchitecturally bounded rostrally by the intermediate postcentral area 1 and caudally by the preparietal area 5, the superior parietal area 7 and thesupramarginal area 40.3 - rostral postcentral(area postcentralis oralis). Located primarily in the rostral portion ofthe postcentral gyrus including the caudal bank of the central sulcus. At either end of the sulcus it can extend beyond the depth of the sulcus into the precentral gyrus.Cytoarchitecturally bounded rostrally by the gigantopyramidal area 4 and caudally by theintermediate postcentral area 1.4 - gigantopyramidal(area gigantopyramidalis). Located in the precentral gyrus. Cytoarchitecturally the caudal boundary with the rostral postcentral area 3 does not coincide precisely with the floor of the central sulcus but lies variably in the banks of the postcentral gyrus and the precentral gyrus. The area also does not extend in all cases to the cingulate sulcus medially or to the end of the central sulcus ventro-laterally. Bounded rostrally by thefrontal agranular area 6.5 - preparietal(area praeparietalis). Occupies the superior parietal lobule and a portion of thepostcentral gyrus, particularly on the medial aspect of the hemisphere. Bounded approximately by the cingulate sulcus on the medial aspect of the hemisphere and by the superior postcentral sulcus on the lateral aspect. Cytoarchitecturally bounded by the caudal postcentral area 2, the superior parietal area 7 and on the medial bank of the hemisphere by the gigantopyramidal area 4 and the dorsal posterior cingulate area 31.6 - agranular frontal(area frontalis agranularis). Located primarily in the caudal portions of the superior frontal gyrus and the middle frontal gyrus and the rostral portions of the precentral gyrus not occupied by the gigantopyramidal area 4. It extends from the cingulate sulcus on the medial aspect of the hemisphere to the lateral sulcus on the lateral aspect. Cytoarchitecturally bounded rostrally by the frontal region and caudally by the gigantopyramidal area 4.7 - superior parietal(area parietalis superior). Occupies much of the superior parietal lobuleand some of the precuneus. Bounded approximately by the superior postcentral sulcus rostrally, the intraparietal sulcus laterally, the parieto-occipital sulcus caudally and, on the medial bank of the hemisphere, the subparietal sulcus. Cytoarchitecturally bounded rostrally by the preparietal area 5 and the caudal postcentral area 2; caudally by the peristriate area 19;and medially by the dorsal posterior cingulate area 31.8 - intermediate frontal(area frontalis intermedia). Located primarily in the superior frontalgyrus extending from the cingulate sulcus on the medial surface over the margin of the hemisphere to the middle frontal gyrus. Cytoarchitecturally bounded caudally by the agranular frontal area 6 and ventrally by the granular frontal area 9.9 - granular frontal(area frontalis granularis). Occupies portions of the superior frontal gyrusand the middle frontal gyrus. Its approximate boundary on the medial aspect of the hemisphere is the cingulate sulcus and, on the lateral aspect, the inferior frontal sulcus. Cytoarchitecturally bounded dorsocaudally by the intermediate frontal area 8, caudally by the agranular frontal area 6, and ventrally by the frontopolar area 10, the middle frontal area 46and the opercular area 44.10 - frontopolar(area frontopolaris). Occupies the most rostral portions of the superiorfrontal gyrus and the middle frontal gyrus. On the medial aspect of the hemisphere it isbounded ventrally by the superior rostral sulcus. It does not extend as far as the cingulate sulcus. Cytoarchitecturally bounded dorsally by the granular frontal area 9, caudally by the middle frontal area 46, and ventrally by the orbital area 47 and by the frontopolar area 12.11 - prefrontal(area praefrontalis). Constitutes most of the orbital gyri, gyrus rectus and themost rostral portion of the superior frontal gyrus. Bounded medially by the inferior rostral sulcus and laterally approximately by the frontomarginal sulcus. Cytoarchitecturally bounded on the rostral and lateral aspects of the hemisphere by the frontopolar area 10, the orbital area 47, and the triangular area 45; on the medial surface it is bounded dorsally by the area 12 andcaudally by the subgenual area 25.12 - prefrontal(area praefrontalis). Occupies the area between the superior rostral sulcus and the inferior rostral sulcus. Cytoarchitecturally bounded dorsally by the frontopolar area 10 and the dorsal anterior cingulate area 32; caudally, ventrally and rostrally it is bounded by the prefrontal area 11. (Originally described as part of prefrontal area 11 but not shown in the map, subsequently it was labeled as an independent area 12.)17 - striate(area striata). Part of the occipital lobe of the cerebral cortex that is defined on thebasis of cyto- and myeloarchitecture, primarily by the band/stripe of Gennari.18 - parastriate(area parastriata). Located in parts of the cuneus, the lingual gyrus and the lateral occipital gyrus of the occipital lobe. Cytoarchitecturally bounded on one side by the striate area 17, from which it is distinguished by absence of a band/stripe of Gennari, and onthe other by the peristriate area 19.19 - peristriate(area peristriata). Located in parts of the lingual gyrus, the cuneus, the lateraloccipital gyrus and the superior occipital gyrus of the occipital lobe where it is bounded approximately by the parieto-occipital sulcus. Cytoarchitecturally bounded on one side by the parastriate area 18 which it surrounds. Rostrally it is bounded by the angular area 39 and theoccipitotemporal area 37.20 - inferior temporal(area temporalis inferior). Corresponds approximately to the inferior temporal gyrus. Cytoarchitecturally bounded medially by the ectorhinal area 36, laterally by the middle temporal area 21, rostrally by the temporopolar area 38 and caudally by theoccipitotemporal area 37.21 - middle temporal(area temporalis media). Corresponds approximately to the middletemporal gyrus. Bounded rostrally by the temporopolar area 38, ventrally by the inferior temporal area 20, caudally by the occipitotemporal area 37, and dorsally by the superiortemporal area 22.22 - superior temporal(area temporalis superior). Corresponds approximately to the lateral and caudal two thirds of the superior temporal gyrus. Bounded rostrally by the temporopolar area 38, medially by the posterior transverse temporal area 42, ventrocaudally by the middletemporal area 21 and dorsocaudally by the supramarginal area 39.23 - ventral posterior cingulate(area cingularis posterior ventralis). Occupies most of the posterior cingulate gyrus adjacent to the corpus callosum. At the caudal extreme it is bounded approximately by the parieto-occipital sulcus. Cytoarchitecturally bounded dorsally by the dorsal posterior cingulate area 31, rostrally by the ventral anterior cingulate area 24, and ventrorostrally in its caudal half by the retrosplenial region.24 - ventral anterior cingulate(area cingularis anterior ventralis). Occupies most of theanterior cingulate gyrus in an arc around the genu of corpus callosum. Its outer border corresponds approximately to the cingulate sulcus. Cytoarchitecturally bounded internally by the pregenual area 33, externally by the dorsal anterior cingulate area 32, and caudally by the ventral posterior cingulate area 23 and the dorsal posterior cingulate area 31.25 - subgenual(area subgenualis). A narrow band located in the caudal portion of the subcallosal area adjacent to the paraterminal gyrus from which it is separated by the posterior parolfactory sulcus. It is bounded by the prefrontal area 11rostrally and by the paraterminalgyrus caudally.26 - ectosplenial(area ectosplenialis). A narrow band located in the isthmus of cingulategyrus adjacent to the fasciolar gyrus internally. It is bounded externally by the granularretrolimbic area 29.28 - entorhinal(area entorhinalis). Located in the entorhinal area on the medial aspect of thetemporal lobe. It and the dorsal entorhinal area 34 together constitute approximately theentorhinal area.29 - granular retrolimbic(area retrolimbica granularis). A narrow band located in the isthmus of cingulate gyrus. Cytoarchitecturally bounded internally by the ectosplenial area 26 and externally by the agranular retrolimbic area 30.30 - agranular retrolimbic(area retrolimbica agranularis). Located in the isthmus of cingulate gyrus. Cytoarchitecturally bounded internally by the granular retrolimbic area 29, dorsally by the ventral posterior cingulate area 23 and ventrolaterally by the ectorhinal area 36.31 - dorsal posterior cingulate(area cingularis posterior dorsalis). Occupies portions of the posterior cingulate gyrus and medial aspect of the parietal lobe. Approximate boundaries are the cingulate sulcus dorsally and the parieto-occipital sulcus caudally. It partially surrounds the subparietal sulcus. Cytoarchitecturally bounded rostrally by the ventral anterior cingulate area 24, ventrally by the ventral posterior cingulate area 23, dorsally by the gigantopyramidal area 4 and preparietal area 5 and caudally by the superior parietal area 7.32 - dorsal anterior cingulate(area cingularis anterior dorsalis). Forms an outer arc around the anterior cingulate gyrus. The cingulate sulcus defines approximately its inner boundaryand the superior rostral sulcus its ventral boundary; rostrally it extends almost to the margin of the frontal lobe. Cytoarchitecturally bounded internally by the ventral anterior cingulate area 24, externally by medial margins of the agranular frontal area 6, intermediate frontal area 8, granular frontal area 9, frontopolar area 10, and prefrontal area 11.33 - pregenual(area praegenualis). A narrow band located in the anterior cingulate gyrusadjacent to the supracallosal gyrus in the depth of the callosal sulcus. Cytoarchitecturally bounded by the ventral anterior cingulate area 24 and the supracallosal gyrus.34 - dorsal entorhinal(area entorhinalis dorsalis). Located in the entorhinal area on themedial aspect of the temporal lobe. It and the entorhinal area 28 together constituteapproximately the entorhinal area.35 - perirhinal(area perirhinalis). Located along the rhinal sulcus. Cytoarchitectuallybounded medially by the entorhinal area 28 and laterally by the ectorhinal area 36.36 - ectorhinal(area ectorhinalis). Located primarily in the fusiform gyrus, with its medialboundary corresponding approximately to the rhinal sulcus. Cytoarchitecturally bounded laterally and caudally by the inferior temporal area 20, medially by the perirhinal area 35 androstrally by the temporopolar area 38.37 - occipitotemporal (area occipitotemporalis). Located primarily in the caudal portions of the fusiform gyrus and inferior temporal gyrus on the mediobasal and lateral surfaces at the caudal extreme of the temporal lobe. Cytoarch itecturally bounded caudally by the peristriate area 19, rostrally by the inferior temporal area 20 and middle tempor al area 21 and dorsally on the lateral aspect of the hemisphere by the angular area 39.38 - temporopolar (area temporopolaris). Located primarily in the most rostral portions of the superior temporal gy rus and the middle temporal gyrus. Cytoarchitecturally bounded caudally by the inferior temporal area 20, the mid dle temporal area 21, the superior temporal area 22 and the ectorhinal area 36.39 - angular (area angularis). Corresponds to the angular gyrus surrounding the caudal tip of the superior temporal sulcus. Dorsally it is bounded approximately by the intraparietal sulcus. Cytoarchitecturally bounded rostrally by t he supramarginal area 40, dorsally and caudally by the peristriate area 19, and ventrally by the occipitotemporal ar ea 37.40 - supramarginal (area supramarginalis). Located primarily in the supramarginal gyrus surrounding the posterior ascending limb of lateral sulcus. Bounded approximately by the intraparietal sulcus, the inferior postcentral sulcus the posterior subcentral sulcus and the lateral sulcus. Cytoarchitecturally bounded caudally by the angular area 39, rostrally and dorsally by the caudal postcentral area 2, and ventrally by the subcentral area 43 and the superior tem poral area 22.41 - anterior transverse temporal (area temporalis transversa anterior). Occupies the anterior transverse temporal g yrus in the bank of the lateral sulcus on the dorsal surface of the temporal lobe. Cytoarchitecturally bounded media lly by the parainsular area 52 and laterally by the posterior transverse temporal area 42.42 - posterior transverse temporal (area temporalis transversa posterior). Located in the bank of the lateral sulcus on the dorsal surface of the temporal lobe. Cytoarchitecturally bounded medially by the anterior transverse temporal area 41 and laterally by the superior temporal area 22.43 - subcentral (area subcentralis). Occupies the postcentral gyrus and the precentral gyrus between the ventrolater al extreme of the central sulcus and the depth of the lateral sulcus at the insula. Its rostral and caudal borders are ap proximated by the anterior subcentral sulcus and the posterior subcentral sulcus respectively. Cytoarchitecturally b ounded rostrally by the agranular frontal area 6 and caudally, for the most part, by the caudal postcentral area 2 and the supramarginal area 40.44 - opercular (area opercularis). Corresponds approximately to the opercular part of the inferior frontal gyrus. Bo unded caudally by the inferior precentral sulcus and rostrally by the anterior ascending limb of lateral sulcus. It sur rounds the diagonal sulcus. In the depth of the lateral sulcus it borders on the insula. Cytoarchitectonically bounde d caudally and dorsally by the agranular frontal area 6, dorsally by the granular frontal area 9 and rostrally by the tr iangular area 45.45 - triangular (area triangularis). Occupies the triangular part of the inferior frontal gyrus and, surrounding the ant erior horizontal limb of lateral sulcus, a portion of the orbital part of inferior frontal gyrus. Bounded caudally by th e anterior ascending limb of lateral sulcus, it borders on the insula in the depth of the lateral sulcus . Cytoarchitecto nically bounded caudally by the opercular area 44, rostrodorsally by the middle frontal area 46 and ventrally by the orbital area 47.46 - middle frontal (area frontalis media). Occupies approximately the middle third of the middle frontal gyrus and the most rostral portion of the inferior frontal gyrus. Cytoarchitecturally bounded dorsally by the granular frontal a rea 9, rostroventrally by the frontopolar area 10 and caudally by the triangular area 45.47 - orbital (area orbitalis). Surrounds the caudal portion of the orbital sulcus from which it extends laterally into t he orbital part of inferior frontal gyrus. Cytoarchitectonically bounded caudally by the triangular area 45, medially by the prefrontal area 11, and rostrally by the area frontopolaris 10.48 - retrosubicular (area retrosubicularis). Located on the medial surface of the temporal lobe. Cytoarchitectually b ounded rostrally by the perirhinal area 35 and medially by the presubiculum. (While described by Brodmann, it wa s not included in his areal maps of human cortex.)52 - parainsular (area parainsularis) Located in the bank of the lateral sulcus on the dorsal surface of the temporal l obe. Its medial boundary corresponds approximately to the junction between the temporal lobe and the insula. Cyt oarchitecturally bounded laterally by the anterior transverse temporal area 41.Brodmann分区系统Brodmann分区系统Brodmann分区是一个根据细胞结构将大脑皮层划分为一系列解剖区域的系统。

大脑的解剖结构和功能——布罗德曼分区系统布罗德曼分区是一个根据细胞结构将大脑皮层划分为一系列解剖区域的系统。

神经解剖学中所谓细胞结构（Cytoarchitecture），是指在染色的脑组织中观察到的神经元的组织方式。

布罗德曼分区1909年由德国神经科医生科比尼安·布洛德曼（Korbinian Brodmann）提出。

根据皮质细胞的类型及纤维的疏密把大脑皮质分为52个区，并用数字给予表示。

Brodmann Area 1, BA1 Brodmann Area 2, BA2 Brodmann Area 3, BA3 位置：位于中央后回(postcentral gyrus)和前顶叶区。

功能：分别为体感皮层内侧、末尾和前端区,BA1、BA2、BA3共同组成体感皮层；具备基本体感功能（first somatic sensory area）接受对侧肢体的感觉传入。

Brodmann Area 4, BA4 位置：位于中央前回(precentral gyrus)，中央沟(central sulcus)的内侧面功能：初级运动皮层（first somatic motor area)，包含“运动小人”（motor homunculus ）。

控制行为运动，与BA6 （前）和BA3 、BA2 、BA1、（后）相连，同时与丘脑腹外侧核相连。

体感小人（Somatosensory Homunculus）传入体感信息较多的身体区域获得的皮层代表区域较大。

比如手部在初级体感皮层中的代表区域比背部的大。

体感皮质定位可用“体感小人”（Somatosensory homunculus）来表示。

Brodmann Area 5, BA5 位置：位于顶叶前梨状皮质区（梨状皮质piriform cortex 为下边缘皮质的组成部分）。

功能：与BA7形成体感联合皮层。

Brodmann Area 7, BA7 位置：位于顶叶皮质顶部，体感皮层后方，视觉皮层（visual area)上方。

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大脑的解剖结构和功能-—布罗德曼分区系统布罗德曼分区是一个根据细胞结构将大脑皮层划分为一系列解剖区域的系统。

神经解剖学中所谓细胞结构（Cytoarchitecture），是指在染色的脑组织中观察到的神经元的组织方式. 布罗德曼分区1909年由德国神经科医生科比尼安·布洛德曼（Korbinian Brodmann）提出.根据皮质细胞的类型及纤维的疏密把大脑皮质分为52个区，并用数字给予表示。

Brodmann Area 1, BA1Brodmann Area 2， BA2Brodmann Area 3, BA3位置:位于中央后回（postcentral gyrus) 和前顶叶区。

功能：分别为体感皮层内侧、末尾和前端区，BA1、BA2、BA3共同组成体感皮层 ;具备基本体感功能（first somatic sensory area）接受对侧肢体的感觉传入。

Brodmann Area 4, BA4位置：位于中央前回（precentral gyrus)，中央沟(central sulcus）的内侧面功能:初级运动皮层（first somatic motor area），包含“运动小人”（motor homunculus ）。

控制行为运动，与BA6 （前)和BA3 、BA2 、BA1、（后)相连，同时与丘脑腹外侧核相连。

大脑的解剖结构与功能——布罗德曼分区系统布罗德曼分区就是一个根据细胞结构将大脑皮层划分为一系列解剖区域的系统。

神经解剖学中所谓细胞结构(Cytoarchitecture),就是指在染色的脑组织中观察到的神经元的组织方式。

布罗德曼分区1909年由德国神经科医生科比尼安·布洛德曼(Korbinian Brodmann)提出。

根据皮质细胞的类型及纤维的疏密把大脑皮质分为52个区,并用数字给予表示。

Brodmann Area 1, BA1Brodmann Area 2, BA2Brodmann Area 3, BA3位置:位于中央后回(postcentral gyrus) 与前顶叶区。

功能:分别为体感皮层内侧、末尾与前端区,BA1、BA2、BA3共同组成体感皮层;具备基本体感功能(first somatic sensory area) 接受对侧肢体的感觉传入。

Brodmann Area 4, BA4位置: 位于中央前回(precentral gyrus),中央沟(central sulcus)的内侧面功能:初级运动皮层(first somatic motor area),包含“运动小人”(motor homunculus )。

控制行为运动,与BA6 (前)与BA3 、BA2 、BA1、(后)相连,同时与丘脑腹外侧核相连。

体感小人(Somatosensory Homunculus )传入体感信息较多的身体区域获得的皮层代表区域较大。

比如手部在初级体感皮层中的代表区域比背部的大。

体感皮质定位可用“体感小人”(Somatosensory homunculus)来表示。

Brodmann Area 5, BA5位置:位于顶叶前梨状皮质区(梨状皮质piriform cortex为下边缘皮质的组成部分)。

功能:与BA7形成体感联合皮层。

Brodmann Area 7, BA7位置:位于顶叶皮质顶部,体感皮层后方,视觉皮层(visual area)上方。