Unit3 Grammer

Unit3 Grammer 现在分词作定语： 现在分词作定语，当分词单独做定语时，放在所修饰的名词前,说明其修饰名词的性质或特征,表示供作...之用”和...的”. a walking stick (a stick used for walking) drinking water water for drinking 动词 -ing 形式是短语，应放在所修饰的名词后，相当于一个定语从句。 They are visitors coming from several countries. （who come from several countries.） Three days later I received a letter offering me the job （which offered me the job.） The girl standing there who stands there is my classmate. Practice: ____ dogs seldom bite. A.Bark B. To bark C. Barked D. Barking (2) The wolf spoke in a _____ voice and Mr. Dongguo felt______. A.frightening; frightened B. frightened; frightened C. frighten; frightening D. frightening; frightening (3) It’s pleasure to watch the face of a ____ baby. A.asleep B. sleep C. sleeping D. slept (4) The ____ buildings showed us that an earthquake was coming. A. shaking B. shook C. shaken D. shake 5. When the first settlers arrived in the New World, the Indians __________ jewellerly made of animal bones greeted them warmly. A. wearing B. to wear C. worn D. having worn 6.The hotel ___________ now beside the park was designed by a group of young men. A. to be built B .being built C .built D. building 7.Do you know the boy _______there talking to your sister? A. to be standing B. stood C. being standing D. standing 现在分词作状语 现在分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须是句子的主语，分词必须和句中的主语含有逻辑上的主谓关系，否则不能用现在分词作状语。但要注意它地各种形式变化： 主动形式 被动形式 一般式 V-ing being V-ed 完成式 having V-ed having been V-ed Eg. Hearing the bell, the students began to enter the classroom. →The building being built now is our new library. →Having done the work, he went home. 现在分词的否定式是在一般式和完成式的前面加not (never) 1）表时间状语 ①Walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine. (=When I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.) ②(While) waiting for the bus, he read a copy of China Daily. (=While he was waiting for the bus,he read a copy of China Daily.)

2) 表原因状语 ①Being ill, he didn’t go to school. (=as he was ill, he didn’t go to school.) 既然你是一个学生，你就应该努力学习。 Being a student, you should study hard. (=Since you are a student, you should study hard.） ②由于想到它或许在家，所以我就给他打了电话。 Thinking he might be at home, I called him.(As I thought he might be at home, I called him.)

3)表方式、伴随情况的状语 ：作伴随状语的分词表示的动作，必须是主语的一个 动作，

或是与谓语所表示地动作（或状态）同时发生，或是对谓语表示的动词（或状态）作进一步地补充说明。 ①Eg. He sat on the sofa, watching TV. (=He sat on the sofa, and watched TV.) 他们笑着谈着走进了教室。 Laughing and talking , they went into the classroom. ②他斜靠(lean)着墙站着。 He stood leaning against the wall.(＝He stood and leaned against the wall.)

4) 表结果 ①Eg. Her mother died in 1990, leaving her with her younger brother. (=Her mother died in 1990, and left her with her younger brother.) 全国到处在传唱这首歌曲，使它成了一首最受欢迎地歌曲。 ②The song is sung all over the country, making it the most popular song.

5)表条件 Using your head, you will find a way. (=If you use your head, you will find a way.) (6)与逻辑主语构成独立主格：

①I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my heard． 我等汽车时，一只鸟落到我头上。 ②All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly. 所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。 ③Time permitting, we'll do another two exercises. 如果时间允许，我们将做另两个练习。 有时也可用with (without) +名词（代词宾格）+分词形式 With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了。 (7)作独立成分： Judging from(by) his appearance, he must be an actor. 从外表看，他一定是个演员。 注：judging from/by 是固定词组不能变成动词原形 高考链接 1. As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not ________, and asked myself what I was going to do. (湖南2007)

A. moved B.moving C. to move D. being moved 2. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, ___ in the natural light during the day. (天津2007)

A. to let B.letting C. let D. having let 4. Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always _____ the same thing. (江苏2008)

A.saying B. said C. to say D. having said 5. Don’t sit there ________ nothing. Come and help me with this table. (湖北2008)

A. do B. to do C. doing D. and doing

用动词的-ing形式改写下列句子。 1. The picture that hangs on the wall is a world-famous one.The picture _hanging_ on the wall is a world-famous one. 2. Because he hadn’t received an answer, he decided to write another letter to him. Not having received an answer, he decided to write another letter to him. 3. When he sees the mountain, he always thinks of his hometown. seeing the mountain, he always thinks of his hometown. 4. Because it is Sunday, there are no students in the school. It _being _Sunday_, there are no students in the school.