speaking
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speak造句1、I'm sorry, I don't speak English very well.2、Please speak a little more slowly so I can understand.3、I want to learn to speak English fluently.4、I'm still learning how to speak English properly.5、Can you speak English with me?6、My English speaking skills are still quite weak.7、He speaks English with a strong accent.8、I can understand you when you speak English.9、Speak clearly so everyone can understand you.10、Please speak a bit slower so I can keep up.11、I want to practice speaking English as much as possible. 。
12、He speaks English very well for a foreigner.13、I'm trying my best to improve my English speaking.14、She can speak English without any accent.15、Can you please help me with my English speaking?16、Most people find it difficult to speak English fluently.17、I'm not very confident when I speak English in public.18、I'm still learning to understand spoken English better.19、I'm having trouble understanding when people speak English.20、I've been trying to improve my English speaking for a long time.21、I'm slowly getting better at understanding when people speak English.23、Speaking English is much easier when you practice with other people.24、I'm finding it harder and harder to follow conversations in English.25、Do you think I'll ever be able to speak English like a native speaker?26、I'm learning a lot of English grammar but I'm not so good at speaking.27、Can you help me learn how to speak English in a natural and relaxed way?28、I'm sorry, I don't understand what you're saying, can you please speak more slowly?29、I'm trying to improve my pronunciation when I speak English but it's not easy.30、She can speak English very quickly and I can't always keep up with her.31、I'm always afraid of making mistakes when I speak English so I don't speak much.32、It's important to practice speaking English with native speakers if you want to improve quickly.33、Do you think I'll ever be able to speak English as well as a native speaker?34、I'm learning how to speak English with more clarity and confidence.35、I'd like to improve my speaking and pronunciation when I speak English.36、I'm trying to get better at understanding people when they speak English.38、I'm having trouble understanding native English speakers when they speak quickly.39、My English speaking skills have improved a lot since I started taking classes.40、I'm trying to learn to speak English without making too many grammatical mistakes.41、Could you please help me with the pronunciation of some words when I speak English?42、I'm beginning to feel more confident when I speak English with native speakers.43、He speaks English as well as a native speaker, with almost no accent.44、I'm trying to practice speaking English in different situations to get more confidence.45、Do you think I'll ever be able to speak English as quickly as native speakers?46、I'm still not confident enough when I speak English with native speakers.47、I'm having a lot of trouble understanding the accent when people speak English.48、I'm trying to learn how to sound more natural when I speak English.49、It's always useful to practice speaking English with a language exchange partner.50、I'm still trying to get better at understanding people when they speak English.。
概念speaking英语语法+口语实用句崔荣容《概念speaking》Stage1~4,一共87课(Stage1:25课、Stage2:22课、Stage3:20课、Stage4:20课),是将英语的语法概念和口语speaking相结合的一套讲座,希望同学们在听讲座的同时能够大声跟读,练习口语。
Stage 1第1课现在进行时进行时一般时完成时他在房间里睡觉吗不,他没在房间里睡觉,他在客厅里睡觉。
Is he sleeping in his roomNo,he is not sleeping in his room.He is sleeping in the living room.你在指那个戴眼镜的人吗我没指戴眼镜的人,我在指那个背着包的人。
Are you pointing at the guy with the glassesNo,I am not pointing at the guy with the glasses.I am pointing at the guy with a backpack.餐馆工站在门前吗没有,餐馆工没站在门前,他站在厨师和服务员中间。
Is the busboy standing in front of the doorNo,the busboy is not standing in front of the door.He is standing between the cook and the waiter.第2课现在进行时表示将来表示打算要做某事,或谓语动词为come, go, leave,start, stay, move, arrive等时,可用现在进行时表示将来的动作,句末通常有表示将来的时间状语,以区别正在进行。
你们都打算下个月月初去滑雪吗 *滑雪go skiingAre you guys going skiing at the start of next month不,我们不打算下个月月初去滑雪,我们打算下个月月末去滑雪No,we are not going skiing at the start of next month.We are going skiing at the end of next month.你要去同一家理发店吗Are you going to the same hairdresser不,我不是去同一家理发店。
speaking的重要性作文英文回答:Speaking is a fundamental skill that plays a crucialrole in human communication and personal development. It enables us to express our thoughts, ideas, and emotions effectively, and to connect with others on a meaningful level.Firstly, speaking proficiency is essential for academic and professional success. In educational settings, students are required to participate in discussions, deliver presentations, and engage in debates. A strong command of spoken language allows them to convey their knowledge and ideas clearly, which is critical for achieving their academic goals. Similarly, in the workplace, effective speaking skills are highly valued. Professionals who can communicate their ideas persuasively, negotiate effectively, and inspire their colleagues are more likely to advance in their careers and achieve their professional objectives.Speaking is also vital for social development. It facilitates interpersonal relationships, fosters a sense of community, and strengthens social bonds. Through speaking, we share our experiences, perspectives, and values with others. We connect with people from diverse backgrounds, learn about different cultures, and build meaningful relationships.Moreover, speaking enhances our cognitive abilities. It requires us to organize our thoughts, formulate ideas, and articulate them coherently. The process of speaking helpsus to develop logical reasoning, problem-solving skills,and critical thinking abilities. By engaging in spoken communication, we also expand our vocabulary, improve our grammar, and refine our pronunciation.Furthermore, speaking promotes self-expression and creativity. It allows us to share our unique perspectives, challenge conventional wisdom, and promote innovative ideas. By speaking out, we contribute to a vibrant and dynamic society that values diverse opinions and viewpoints.In summary, speaking is an indispensable skill that empowers us to communicate effectively, succeed in academia and the workplace, foster social connections, enhance our cognitive abilities, and express our individuality. It is a foundational pillar of human development and a key factorin achieving a fulfilling and meaningful life.中文回答:口语能力是人类沟通和个人发展中一项基本技能。
speak的用法总结大全想了解speak的用法吗?今天就给大家带来了speak的用法,希望能够帮助到大家,下面就和大家分享,来欣赏一下吧。
speak的用法总结大全speak的意思vt. vi. 讲,谈,演说,从某种观点来说变形:过去式: spoke; 现在分词:speaking; 过去分词:spoken;speak用法speak可以用作动词speak的基本意思是“讲”“谈”,指用声音表达意思,着重开口发声,而且着眼于个人的言语行为,可指自言自语,也可指支离破碎地交谈。
其后常接语言、实话等词。
speak还可作“发言,演说,作报告”解,指连贯、系统、正式的讲话。
speak还可表示用说话以外的方式“表明”“显示”“表达”,引申还可表示“用响声宣告”。
speak可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。
用作及物动词时,接名词或代词作宾语。
speak用作动词的用法例句Does anyone speak English here?这儿有人会说英语吗?Im quite capable of speaking for myself, thank you!我还是有能力把话说清楚的,谢谢你吧。
The patient is too weak to speak.病人太衰弱了,不能说话。
speak用法例句1、The Ukrainians speak a Slavonic language similar to Russian.乌克兰人所说的那种斯拉夫语系的语言类似于俄语。
2、Sonia might not speak the English language well, but then who did?索尼娅的英语也许说得不好,但谁又说得好呢?3、Pressure appears to be mounting for conformity in how people speak English.要求人们讲规范英语的压力似乎越来越大。
de基本上粗粗地完成了6个问题的总结,下面介绍下口语在考试的时候得注意点:可以影响口语考试的因素一般有以下几个:(1)进入考场的顺序,听到不少板油在嚷,进入考场太晚,受到干扰之类的(2)话筒,看到不少人后悔考试的时候忘了对准麦克风,分数只有14,15分(3)声音的大小,到了考场就知道,这样的考试方法注定在考口语的时候非常混乱,闹哄哄的,所以声音小的人,必然吃亏(4)小聪明,看多很多人在口语考试的时候先听别人讲,然后再自己开始,以为这样可以听到题目。
偶在现场试过,实际上比较困难,会听到别人回答的内容,但是你不能确实推断出题目,会影响对题目的第一判断。
偶考试的时候吃亏在第一题,因为听到一个朋友在回答,稍稍听了一下他的回答,但是导致自己跟着他的思路走,考试的时候忘了后面怎么回答,因为只听到部分。
(5)紧张,这个每个人都有当然问题还有很多,目前偶所知的就这些,那么如何避免以上这些问题呢:(1)关于进入考场的顺序,老师一般是按照名字字母的顺序ABCD...安排考位的,偶当时考得时候Z,最后第三个进去,做听力最后几段的时候,的确不少朋友开始试音了,对听力有部分干扰。
考口语的时候,少数先进去的讲完了,但是大部分人都还在讲,感觉现场比较乱,如果心理状态不是很好的朋友,很容易受到干扰。
所以就口语而言,其实先进的朋友还是有一定优势的。
当然有部分朋友会觉得如果先进的话,就不能使所谓的"小聪明" ,这就是问题4,先提上来解决。
(4) 很多人有机经看多了,有这样的心态,想到现场听题,因为的确是完全有机会听到别人的回答。
但是这边给个良心建议,考试的时候千万不要报这种心态,非常影响考试的情绪,原因我也讲过了,如果抱着这种心态,你会千方百计去听别人的回答,而完全忘记的自己准备的内容。
所以奉劝各位一句:如果你是花时间准备了,相信自己,不需要这种手段,同样可以考好。
(2)关于话筒,其实没有所谓的什么位置最好,只要你考试的时候注意把话筒拿下来,拉到嘴巴边,就可以了。
英语speaking教学流程## English Speaking Instructional Process.### Pre-speaking Phase.Set the purpose and context: Clearly communicate the purpose of the speaking activity and provide relevant background information to facilitate student understanding.Activate prior knowledge: Engage students in activities that activate their existing knowledge and skills related to the topic of the speaking task.Provide scaffolding: Offer support and guidance to learners through the use of visual aids, sentence starters, or other resources that facilitate their speaking development.Model effective speaking: Demonstrate effective speaking skills, including clear articulation, appropriateintonation, and body language.### During-speaking Phase.Set clear expectations: Establish specific criteria for assessing student speaking performance, such as fluency, accuracy, pronunciation, and organization.Provide opportunities for practice: Create a safe and supportive learning environment where students can practice speaking in a variety of contexts.Offer feedback and correction: Provide timely and constructive feedback that focuses on improving student speaking skills rather than criticizing them.Encourage peer interaction: Facilitate opportunitiesfor students to engage in peer feedback and collaboration to enhance their speaking abilities.### Post-speaking Phase.Reflect and evaluate: Guide students in reflecting on their speaking performance and identifying areas for improvement.Set goals: Collaborate with students to establish clear goals for their ongoing speaking development.Provide personalized support: Offer additional support and resources to students who need targeted assistance to improve their speaking skills.Utilize assessment data: Use assessment data to track student progress and make data-driven decisions to enhance future instruction.## 中文回答:英语口语教学流程。
概念speaking英语语法+口语实用句崔荣容《概念speaking》Stage1~4,一共87课(Stage1:25课、Stage2:22课、Stage3:20课、Stage4:20课),是将英语的语法概念和口语speaking 相结合的一套讲座,希望同学们在听讲座的同时能够大声跟读,练习口语。
Stage 1第1课现在进行时进行时一般时完成时他在房间里睡觉吗?不,他没在房间里睡觉,他在客厅里睡觉。
Is he sleeping in his room?No,he is not sleeping in his room.He is sleeping in the living room.你在指那个戴眼镜的人吗?我没指戴眼镜的人,我在指那个背着包的人。
Are you pointing at the guy with the glasses?No,I am not pointing at the guy with the glasses.I am pointing at the guy with a backpack.餐馆工站在门前吗?没有,餐馆工没站在门前,他站在厨师和服务员中间。
Is the busboy standing in front of the door?No,the busboy is not standing in front of the door.He is standing between the cook and the waiter.第2课现在进行时表示将来表示打算要做某事,或谓语动词为come, go, leave,start, stay, move, arrive等时,可用现在进行时表示将来的动作,句末通常有表示将来的时间状语,以区别正在进行。
你们都打算下个月月初去滑雪吗?*滑雪go skiingAre you guys going skiing at the start of next month?不,我们不打算下个月月初去滑雪,我们打算下个月月末去滑雪No,we are not going skiing at the start of next month.We are going skiing at the end of next month.你要去同一家理发店吗?Are you going to the same hairdresser?不,我不是去同一家理发店。
Microteaching Report Teaching content: SpeakingDate: May 16th, 2010~May 23rd, 2010Class: English Education, Class OneGroup: Group ThreeGroup member:Arrangement:Lesson plan1. Teaching aims:(1)By the end of the lesson the students will be better able to order dishes inEnglish and be more accuracy and fluency when speaking English.(2)The students are happy and confident when speaking English.2. Teaching points:(1) The important points:Let the students know how to order dishes in restaurants generally in English.Let the students speak out bravely.(2)The difficult points:Some words are new for the students and they don’t know how to use the new words.Some students are too shy to speak English.3. Teaching aids:Mp3 Player, pictures and menu.4. Teaching procedures:(1)Greeting:T: Good morning, boys and girls.Ss: Good morning, Miss/ Mr. Xx.T: OK, let’s sing the Good morning song together, good morning to you…Begin!(The students sing the song together.)(2) Pre-speaking:T: OK, well done. Today, we’ll have a speaking class. First, I will let you listen to the tape.Ss listen to a piece of dialogueT: Do you know what are they doing?Ss: Diancai, Chifan. (In Chinese)T: OK, you are right. Today we’ll learn how to describe them in English. Now,please look at the material in your hand. Let’s read together.(Listening material)Waitress: Welcome, what can I do for you?Customer: Yes!Waitress: Here’s the menu, please have a look.Customer: OK, let me seeWaitress: What do you want?Customer: I’d like some rice, a roast duck, potatoes and cabbages.Waitress: Any soup?Customer: Fish ball soup.Waitress: Any drinks?Customer: Orange juice, that’s my favorite.Waitress: Wait for a minuteCustomer: Thank you.Waitress: That’s all right.(T writes some difficult words on the blackboard and teaches the new words.)T: OK, let’s read the dialogue together again.The whole class read the dialogue again.(3)While-speaking:T: Good, now girls act as the waitress and boys act as the customer. One, two begin.(The whole class acts the dialogue out.)T: Very good. Now practice the dialogue with your partner and I’ll ask some students to play the dialogue out. I’ll give you two minutes to practice.(T asks several pairs of students to act the dialogue out.)T: OK, all of you had done a good job, clap for yourselves.T: Now, look at the blackboard, here are so many foods. You can choose any food you like to make a new dialogue with your partner. Also one acts as the customer, the other the waitress. I will invite some students too. Now, let’s begin. You have two minutes.(T asks some students to play out their own dialogue.)T: OK, very good, clap for yourself.(4)After-speaking:T: Now, I’ll act as the waitress, this is a menu, when I walk to your place, you must act out the dialogue with me. Clear?T acts out the dialogue with some students.(5) Homework:T: OK, very good. Today’s homework is reading the dialogue several times and act out the dialogue with your partners at least three times. Clear?Ss: Yes, Miss xxT: Class over.Ss: Goodbye, Miss xx.Self-evaluation Report吴彩玉This time our micro-teaching was teaching speaking, and speaking activities. During the class I greeted the students at first, but my greeting can be more active. Because was a speaking class at the very beginning, I must motivate the students enthusiastic so they can be more interested about the class. As speaking and listening obviously go together, I let the students listened to the tape, but while listening I just stood in front of the platform. I must walk around the students so that I can know what the students were doing.Then I asked the students what the dialogue about. And they all knew that the dialogue was about what people do in a restaurant. Then I explain some difficult words and let the students to read after me and imitate the dialogue. But in the following up activities I didn’t give the students clear instructions or a demonstration which made the students confused. I think I must improve my ability of control the students and explain the instructions in easy and clearly sentences.While the students were practicing the dialogue I just stood in front of the blackboard too. I must walk around the students to see whether they are practicing or not. We had two role play activities, one was aimed to practice accuracy and the other was fluency. I think the arrangement of pair work in my class was not bad and this kind of activities can improve students’ speaking. To sum up, the speaking class I had was not bad but I must focus on my weakness and improve my teaching skills.苏新新It’s always difficult for me to perform well in front of the platform. When I stand there, I would feel nervous unconsciously. All I have prepared would, to some extent, change because my mind is blank and empty. In my eyes, this period of class is not a satisfactory one. Following are some of my reflections about my own performance.At the beginning of my teaching, I analyze the new words to the students and also ask them to read after me. Getting such information, the students will not feel aimless when they are listening to the material for this spoken class. With the preliminary preparations, the students can have a good understanding of the material. There is the point where I forget one important procedure. That is asking the students to read the spoken material after me. I just let them read the dialogue on their own and then I invite two students to act the dialogue out. Thus, the coherence of the teaching isn’t that good. However, I cannot stop but to continue the teaching. Luckily, the students make a full play of their roles and cooperate with me well.I admit that I don’t perform well this time because my preparations are not adequate. From now on, I should make full preparations, such as making a complete lesson plan and getting the teaching aids ready, for my teaching. Besides, I should be more confident through more practice. After all, there is still a long way to go.何嫣This time, I taught speaking. Actually speaking, I did not do well. From the greeting, the atmosphere is not very good. Maybe they were very tired. When I said good morning to them, they only spoke to me with a tired voice. I let them listen to a material. Then, I let them read some difficult news, but to my surprise, all of them read very well. But I think I should pay more attention to their pronunciation. I did not correct them while reading. I also did not do well in the classroom activity. I only ask them to do the role play. Next time, I should ask them to use some other words they like to make sentences by themselves. I should do more in drilling the dialogue.肖燕玲For speaking class, I thought for a long time. My students could understand me very well. I hoped my students can size my information quite well, and according to my teaching plan, they could act the dialogue vivid. Throughout my teaching, students can learn the method which how to handle the speaking. If the students could stand up and spoken out their idea bravely, I would think they were real language learners. For me, I thought my classroom English was always made mistake. For example, In fact, I should practice more in English, because my spoken English was not very good. So, I went into an English website to learn spoken English. I hoped I can improve my spoken English.There were some tips that I want to focus on our group planning. Firstly, I thought our planning is an active planning. We used many different methods to present our lesson. For example, listened to the tape, drew pictures in the blackboard, and used the real menu and so on. According to the material, our teacher made the class into a real restaurant. Our students might feel relax and interesting. Secondly, we used English in the class all the time.林慧海My group members told to me that I put too much time in presenting new words and the sentences. I realized it; however, that was my idea of speaking activities. Speaking is related to the other skills, involving grammar, vocabulary, and pronounce. It is a language system. There was a lack of motivation. So I need much time to courage and show the interesting of speaking. They worked well in pair after building the enough background information. The teacher should make sure the best of using related materials. This time, I was aware of the important of plan, especially the unfamiliar lesson, of which time, material, and the problems that students have with speaking lesson. Speaking always involves at least two people—it is a kind of interaction. It is important to encourage students to speak. Before lesson, I plan to just do a leading and motivating. I need them to keep in mind of speak awareness rather than mere recite the text.Self-evaluation Report陈葆毅In this speaking class, we prepare a special material which is written by us. I think this material is suitable and interesting. It is not hard to understand and through this practice my students can learn some useful expression and new words about food.In this class, I teach the vocabulary first and it can help students speak more easily. Then listening to the model speaking material, students can seize several useful sentences in this material, such as “what can I do for you?”Class practicing is the most important part of this class,the students will practice with his partners. Then I ask them try to make their own sentences use the knowledge they have just learned. They do it well. I find every student can speak fluently after the practice, it shows that this kind of teaching is useful, it can improve their speaking.The disadvantage of this speaking class is: the material I provide is limited . I hope my students can find more interesting material after class, and speaking must improved step by step.Self-evaluation Report俞金秀No pain, no gain. This time, I learn a lot from teaching speaking. Speaking, in general, is easy to be ignored by students for it is not part of exam. In the procedure of study, however, it is a rather good way to check low much they have learned and improve students’ skills in English. First of all, the whole class should be combined with enough and suitable activities which are able to lift up students’ enthusiastic and interests on speaking out in English. I am aware of arranging more tore time for students to practice speaking. In the stage of practicing, I add role play into the plan. Through it students are easier to be familiar with the situation, the scene, and understand the material, a dialogue well. Through the most real experience and performance students’grammar, listening ability, comprehensive ability, pronunciation, such aspects are improved gradually when are enjoy themselves in the play. Meanwhile their confidence in English learning is formed. The more practice, the better their speaking. Seeing the entire reaction of students, my teaching points and teaching plans of speaking are basically realized. While lacking of experience to propose the students who are troublemakers well, I am a little frustrated. I need to be more patient with them and handle with them in a better way, and ask my teachers some good ideas about how to face these problems, then learn them by heart to avoid as mush as possible.。
[Microphone check, delivered before Speaking section directions]Adjusting the MicrophoneIn order to adjust your microphone volume, please answer the practice question below, using your normal voice tone and volume. The microphone volume will be automatically adjusted as you speak.Begin speaking after the beep. Continue speaking until a message appears.Speaking Section DirectionsIn this section of the test, you will be able to demonstrate your ability to speak about a variety of topics. You will answer six questions by speaking into the microphone. Answer each of the questions as completely as possible.In questions one and two, you will speak about familiar topics. Your response will be scored on your ability to speak clearly and coherently about the topics. In questions three and four, you will first read a short text. The text will go away and you will then listen to a talk on the same topic. You will then be asked a question about what you have read and heard. You will need to combine appropriate information from the test and the talk to provide a complete answer to the question. Your response will be scored on your ability to speak clearly and coherently and on your ability to accurately convey information about what you read and heard.In questions five and six, you will listen to part of a conversation or a lecture. You will then be asked a question about what you heard. Your response will be scored on your ability to speak clearly and coherently and on your ability to accurately convey information about what you heard.You may take notes while you read and while you listen to the conversations and lectures. You may use your notes to help prepare your response.Listen carefully to the directions for each question. The directions will not be written on the screen.For each question you will be given a short time to prepare your response. A clock will show how much preparation time is remaining. When the preparation time is up, you will be told to begin your response. A clock will show how much response time is remaining. A message will appear on the screen when the response time has ended.Please Listen CarefullyNarratorDescribe a class you have taken in school and explain why the class was important to you. Include details and examples to support your explanation. Please begin speaking after the beep.[2 secs beep][Appearing on screen]1. Describe a class you have taken in school and explain why the class was important to you. Include details and examples to support your explanation.Preparation15 secondstime:Response45 secondstime:Please Listen CarefullyNarratorYou may begin to prepare your response after the beep.[2 secs beep]NarratorSome universities require first-year students to live in dormitories on campus. Others allow students to live off campus. Which policy do you think is better for first-year students and why? Include details and examples in your explanation. Please begin speaking after the beep.[2 secs beep][Appearing on screen]2. Some universities require first-year students to live in dormitories on campus. Others allow students to live off campus. Which policy do you think is better for first-year students and why? Include details and examples in your explanation.Preparation15 secondstime:Response45 secondstime:Please Listen CarefullyNarratorYou may begin to prepare your response after the beep.[2 secs beep]NarratorCity University is planning to increase tuition and fees. Read the announcement about the increase from the president of City University. You will have 45 seconds to read the announcement. Begin reading now. Reading Time: 45 secondsAnnouncement from the presidentThe university has decided to increase tuition and fees for all students by approximately 8 percent next semester. For the past 5 years, the tuition and fees have remained the same, but it is necessary to increase them now for several reasons. The university has many more students than we had five years ago, and we must hire additional professors to teach these students. Wehave also made a new commitment to research and technology, and will be renovating and upgrading our laboratory facilities to better meet our students’ needs.NarratorNow listen to two students as they discuss the announcement.[2 seconds]Student AOh great, now we have to come up with more money for next semester.Student BYeah, I know, but I can see why. When I first started here, classes were so much smaller than they are now. With this many students, it’s hard to get the personal attention you need...Student AYeah, I guess you’re right. You know, in some classes I can’t even get a seat. And I couldn’t take the math course I wanted to because it was already full when I signed up.Student BAnd the other thing is, well, I am kind of worried about not being able to get a job after I graduate.Student AWhy? I mean you’re doing really well in your classes, aren’t you?Student BI’m doing ok, but the facilities here are so limited. There are some great new experiments in microbiology that we can’t even do here... there isn’t enough equipment in the laboratories, and the equipment they have is out of date. How am I going to compete for jobs with people who have practical research experience? I think the extra tuition will be a good investment.[2 seconds]NarratorThe woman expresses her opinion of the announcement made by the university president. State her opinion and explain the reasons she gives for holding that opinion.Please begin speaking after the beep.[2 secs beep][Appearing on screen]3. The woman expresses her opinion of the announcement made by the university president. State her opinion and explain the reasons she gives for holding that opinion.Preparation30 secondstime:Response60 secondstime:NarratorPlease Listen CarefullyNarratorYou may begin to prepare your response after the beep.[2 secs beep]NarratorNow read the passage about animal domestication. You have 45 seconds to read the passage. Begin reading now.Reading Time: 45 secondsAnimal DomesticationFor thousands of years, humans have been able to domesticate, or tame, many large mammals that in the wild live together in herds. Once tamed, these mammals are used for agricultural work and transportation. Yet some herd mammals are not easily domesticated.A good indicator of an animal’s suitability for domestication is how protective the animal is of its territory. Non-territorial animals are more easily domesticated than territorial animals because they can live close together with animals from other herds. A second indicator is that animals with a hierarchical social structure, in which herd members follow a leader, are easy to domesticate, since a human can function as the “leader”.NarratorNow listen to part of a lecture on this topic in an ecology class.[2 seconds]ProfessorSo we’ve been discussing the suitability of animals for domestication... particularly animals that live together in herds. Now, if we take horses, for example... in the wild, horses live in herds that consist of one male and several females and their young. When a herd moves, the dominant male leads, with the dominant female and her young immediately behind him. The dominant female and her young are then followed immediately by the second most important female and her young, and so on. This is why domesticated horses can be harnessed one after the other in a row. They’re “programmed” to follow the lead of another horse. On top of that, you often find different herds of horses in the wild occupying overlapping areas--they don’t fight off other herds that enter the same territory.But it’s exactly the opposite with an animal like the uh, the antelope... which... well, antelopes are herd animals too. But unlike horses, a male antelope will fight fiercely to prevent another male from entering its territory during the breeding season, ok--very different from the behavior of horses. Try keeping a couple of male antelopes together in a small space and see what happens. Also, antelopes don’t have a social hierarchy--they don’t instinctively follow any leader. That makes it harder for humans to control their behavior.[2 seconds]NarratorThe professor describes the behavior of horses and antelope in herds. Explain how their behavior is related to their suitability for domestication.Please begin speaking after the beep.[2 secs beep][Appearing on screen]4. The professor describes the behavior of horses and antelope in herds. Explain how their behavior is related to their suitability for domestication.Preparation30 secondstime:Response60 secondstime:NarratorPlease Listen CarefullyNarratorYou may begin to prepare your response after the beep.[2 secs beep]NarratorNow listen to a conversation between two students.Student AHey Lisa, how’s it going?Student BHi Mark. Uh, I’m OK, I guess, but my schoolwork is really stressing me out. Student A[sympathetically]Yeah? What’s wrong?Student BWell, I’ve got a paper to write, and two exams to study for. And a bunch of math problems to finish. It’s just so much that I can’t concentrate on any of it. I start concentrating on studying for one of my exams, and then I’m like, how long’s it gonna take to finish that problem set?Student AWow sounds like you’ve got a lot more work than you can handle right now. [Not wanting to sound too pushy] Look have you talked to some of yourprofessors...I mean, you know , try to explain the problem. Look, you could probably get an extension on your paper, or on the math assignment...Student BYou think? It would give me a little more time to prepare for my exams right now.Student AWell, I mean another thing that you might do ... I mean have you tried making you rself a schedule? I mean that’s what I do when I’m feeling overwhelmed.Student BWhat does that do for you?Student AWell, I mean it helps you to focus your energies. You know, you make yourself a chart that shows the next few days and the time till your stuff is due and...Student BUh-huh [meaning “I’m listening”]Student AI mean think about what you need to do, and when you have to do it by. You know then start filling in your schedule--like, all right 9:00 [nine] to 11:30 [eleven-thirty] A.M., study for exam. 12:00 [twelve] to 3:00 [three], work on problem set. But I mean don’t make the time periods too long. Like, don’t put in eight hours of studying--you know, you’ll get tired, or start worrying about your other work again. But if you k eep to your schedule, you know you’ll just have to worry about one thing at a time.Student BYeah, that might work. [somewhat noncommitally]NarratorThe students discuss two possible solutions to the woman’s problem. Describe the problem. Then state which of the two solutions you prefer and explain why. Please begin speaking after the beep.[2 secs beep][Appearing on screen]5. The students discuss two possible solutions to the woman’s problem. Describe the problem. Then state which of the two solutions you prefer and explain why.Preparation20 secondstime:Response60 secondstime:NarratorPlease Listen CarefullyNarratorYou may begin to prepare your response after the beep.[2 secs beep]NarratorNow listen to part of a talk in a United States history class.ProfessorBecause the United States is such a large country, it took time for a common national culture to emerge. A hundred years ago there was very little communication among the different regions of the United States. One result of this lack of communication was that people around the United States had very little in common with one another. People in different parts of the country spoke differently, dressed differently, and behaved differently. But connections among Americans began to increase thanks to two technological innovations: the automobile and the radio.Now automobiles began to be mass produced in the 1920’s, which meant they became less expensive and more widely available. Americans in small towns and rural communities now had the ability to travel easily to nearby cities. They could even take vacations to other parts of the country. This increased mobility that automobiles provided changed people’s attitudes and created links that hadn’t existed before. For examp le, people in small towns began to adopt behaviors, clothes, and speech that were popular in big cities or in other parts of the country. As more Americans were purchasing cars, radio ownership was also increasing dramatically. Americans in different regions of the country began to listen to the same popular radio programs and the same musicalartists. People repeated things they heard on the radio--some phrases and speech patterns they heard in songs and on radio programs began to be used by people all over the United States. People also listened to news reports on the radio. So they heard the same news throughout the country, whereas in newspapers much of the news tended to be local. So radio brought Americans together by offering them shared experiences and information about events all around the country.NarratorUsing points and examples from the talk, explain how the automobile and the radio contributed to a common culture in the United States.Please begin speaking after the beep.[2 secs beep][Appearing on screen]6. Using points and examples from the talk, explain how the automobile and the radio contributed to a common culture in the United States.Preparation time: 20 secondsResponse time: 60 seconds。