ch07 数量宽松货币政策是否有效 mihira

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Was Quantitative EasingPolicy Effective?MIHIRA, Tsuyoshi (Toyo University)YAMASAWA, Nariyasu(Atomi University)SEITANI, Haruki(Economic and Social Research Institute) SAITO, Jun (Economic and Social Research Institute)New Monetary Policy Framework (Introduced March 2001)(i)Shift to Quantitative TargetCall Rate Current Account Balance(ii)Duration CommitmentContinue QEP until CPI Inflation Rate Be Stably Positive(iii)Increase in JGB Purchase OperationInterest Rate Target PolicyQuantitative Easing PolicyA Macroeconomic Model with ‘Excess Money’Macroeconomic ModelExcess MoneyChanges in Excess MoneyEstimation Results of Macroeconomic ModelEffect of QEP on GDP GrowthTransmission Mechanisms of QEPNew Monetary Policy Framework(1) Interest Rate Effect(2) Expectation Effect- Commitment Effect- Time-lag Effect- Signaling Effect(3) Portfolio Rebalancing Effect- Induced by Increase in CAB Target- Induced by Increase in BOJ’s JGB purchase Attainable byZero Interest Rate Policy as wellEffects Unique to Quantitative Easing …Focus of this paperExamination of Expectation Effect ModelEstimation EquationChanges in Implied Forward RatesResults on Expectation Effect (JGB IFR; QE = CAB)(Notes) Dum = QEP Period Dummycf. Commitment Effect(Note) Dum2 = Dummy for periods with monetary policy commitment Full estimation results are on Table 4-3Banks’Loan Supply Function(Note) Variations of estimations are found on Table 5-1Bank’s Bond Investment Function(Note) Variations of estimations are found on Tables 5-2A CAPM-based Framework CAPMEstimation ModelChanges in QEP MeasurementsPortfolio Rebalance Effect on EquitiesDependent Variable:Excess Return on Equity = E(r t NKY -r t f ) = E(ln P t +22NKY -ln P t NKY )-r t f(Note)Results for volatility equation are on Table 6-1(Level Estimation)(Differenced Estimation)Estimation 1Estimation 3IV_NKY 7.3330(6.905)*** 5.5348(5.818)***lnBOJ_JGB 5.5981(5.274)***lnBOJ_CA1.4200(6.243)***J-test [p-value]58.912[0.000]66.275[0.000]Estimation 2Estimation 4IV_NKY5.2387(5.651)*** 4.6558(5.098)***D lnBOJ_JGB -0.1133(-0.215) D lnBOJ_CA 0.1071(0.650) J-test [p-value]64.755[0.000]72.498[0.000]Portfolio Rebalance Effect on JGBDependent Variable:Excess Return on JGB = E(r t JGB -r t f ) = E(ln P t +22JGB -ln P t JGB )-r t f(Note)Results for volatility equation are on Table 6-3(Level Estimation)(Differenced Estimation)Estimation 1Estimation 3IV_JGB 6.9526(7.619)***9.0787(8.254)***lnBOJ_JGB 0.0446(0.435) lnBOJ_CA0.0010(0.036) J-test [p-value]56.313[0.000]45.675[0.000]Estimation 2Estimation 4IV_JGB8.5247(8.339)***8.7362(7.816)***D lnBOJ_JGB 0.2769(3.213)***D lnBOJ_CA -0.0293(-0.748) J-test [p-value]53.091[0.000]45.733[0.000]Portfolio Rebalance Effect on Corporate BondsAa A 1-year 3-year 5-year 1-year 3-year 5-year HV -10.1157 0.9193 0.0503 -0.0888 0.1074 -0.0329 (0.2534)(1.6153)(0.1908)(-0.0799)(0.3428)(-0.0777)lnBOJ_JGB -0.0014***0.0036***-0.0008***-0.0038***-0.0039***-0.0051***(-14.0714)(6.4882)(-3.9437)(-11.9041)(-16.9191)(-23.1366)Adj.R-sq 0.250-2.0530.1140.3220.3390.476J-test 36.25134.59062.91528.18041.33627.981[p-value][0.000][0.000][0.000][0.000][0.000][0.000]Baa Ba1-year 3-year 5-year 1-year 3-year 5-year HV -11.1453 3.8444***2.5145** 2.3642*** 4.2286*** 2.2828***(0.6307)(4.6703)(2.5687)(2.8441)(3.3135)(3.7632)lnBOJ_JGB -0.0061***-0.0032***-0.0061***-0.0274***-0.0228***-0.0316***(-10.9857)(-6.3372)(-6.9651)(-9.8555)(-7.1026)(-9.3848)Adj.R-sq0.254-0.0690.0970.1990.0700.098J-test 32.45553.00641.07733.40547.10940.654[p-value][0.000][0.000][0.000][0.000][0.000][0.000]Dependent Variable:Excess Return on Corporate Bonds = r i,t Bond -r t JGBPortfolio Rebalance Effect on Bank Loans(Level Estimation)(Differenced Estimation)Dependent Variable:Excess Return on Bank Loans = r t Loan -r t JGBDefault +6 5.3641* (1.850) 2.1760** (2.109) 6.1508*(1.799)lnJGB_OPE 0.0218** (1.987)lnBOJ_JGB 0.0076***(3.325)lnBOJ_CA 0.0056** (2.130)Sample1996M9-2006M11995M3-2006M11995M3-2006M1J-test [P-Value]2.048 [0.915]5.775 [0.449]1.673 [0.947]Default +6-0.3464 (-0.085)-3.5236 (-0.279)-0.0488(-0.006)lnJGB_OPE -0.1655***(-4.522)lnBOJ_JGB -0.0358***(-3.060)lnBOJ_CA 0.0220* (1.697)1996M10-2006M11995M4-2006M11995M4-2006M1J-test [P-Value]13.163 [0.041]5.373 [0.497]5.856 [0.439]Some Problems in Estimation Sensitivity to sample periodsSpurious regressionNon-stationarityMissing variable biasOver-identification testSummary of Examination on QEPI. Macroeconomic Effect……………….……………. E ffectiveII. Transmission Mechanisms(1) Interest Rate Effect……………………………. N ot Unique to QEP(2) Expectation Effect- Commitment Effect…………………………… E ffective, but not Unique to QEP - Time-lag/Signaling Effect…………………….. N o Effect Found(3) Portfolio Rebalancing Effect- Induced by Increase in CAB Target…………... N o Effect Found- Induced by Increase in BOJ’s JGB purchase…. No Certain Results。