2017考研英语：转变,抑或回归？

2017年考研英语的最后一张词表1.abandon vt.放弃, 遗弃n.放任, 狂热2.abstract n.摘要,概要,抽象adj.抽象的,深奥的,理论的vt.摘要,提炼,理论化3.academic adj.学院的, 理论的4.accommodate vt.给方便, 帮助;使适应;供给... 住宿, 照应, 招待;容纳;调停, 调解5.accommodation n.住处, 膳宿, (车, 船, 飞机等的)预定铺位, (眼睛等的)适应性调节6.accurate adj.正确的,精确的7.achieve vt.完成, 达到8.acknowledged vt.承认,答谢,报偿9.acquisition n.获得, 获得物10.adaptation n.适应, 改编, 改写本11.adjacent adj.相邻的,临近的12.adjustment n.调整, 调节, 调节器13.administration n.管理, 经营, 行政部门14.adult n.成人, 成年人adj.成人的, 成熟的15.advocate n.提倡者, 鼓吹者vt.提倡, 鼓吹16.affect vt.影响, 感动, 侵袭, 假装17.allocation n.分配,安置18.alternative n.二中择一, 可供选择的办法, 事物adj.选择性的, 二中择一的19.ambiguous adj.暧昧的, 不明确的20.amendment n.改善, 改正21.analogous adj.类似的, 相似的, 可比拟的22.analysis 分析，分解，解剖23.anticipate vt.预期, 期望, 过早使用, 先人一着, 占先v.预订, 预见, 可以预料24.apparent adj.显然的, 外观上的25.appreciation n.感谢, 感激, 正确评价, 欣赏, 增值26.approach 接近，靠近27.appropriate adj.适当的vt.占用, 据为己有; 盗用, 挪用28.approximated adj.近似的, 大约的v.近似, 接近, 接近, 约计29.arbitrable adj.可仲裁的30.aspect n.样子, 外表, 面貌, (问题等的)方面31.assembly n.集合,集会32.assessment 评估，估算，评价33.assigned n.分配,指派34.assistance n.协助, 援助, 补助35.assume 假定, 设想，担任; 承担; 接受36.assurance n.确信, 断言, 保证, 担保37.attached v.缚上,贴上,系上38.attain vt.达到, 获得v.达到39.attributed vt.把...归因于(to).. n.属性, 品质, 特征, 加于, 归结于40.automatically adv.自动地, 机械地41.available 可用到的, 可利用的, 有用的, 有空的, 接受探访的constant adj.不变的，持续的，坚决的42.aware adj.知道的, 明白的, 意识到的43.behalf n.为, 利益44.benefit n.利益, 好处;vt.有益于, 有助于vi.受益45.bias n.偏见, 偏爱, 斜线vt.使存偏见46.bond n.结合物,连接,公债,债券,合同47.brief n.摘要,大纲adj.简短的,短暂的48.bulk n.大小, 体积, 大批, 大多数, 散装vt. 显得大, 显得重要49.capable adj.有能力的,能干的,可以…的50.capacity n.容量, 生产量, 容量, 智能, 才能, 能力, 接受力51.ceases v.停止, 终了,n.停止52.challenge n.挑战vt.向..挑战53.channel n.海峡, 水道, 沟, 路线vt.引导, 开导, 形成河道；信道,频道54.chart n.海图, 图表vt.制图55.circumstances n.环境, 详情, 境况56.cited v. 引用,引证,提名表扬57.clarity n.清楚, 透明58.classical adj.古典的, 正统派的, 古典文学的59.clause n.子句,条款60.coherence n.一致61.coincide vi.一致, 符合62.colleague n.同事mence v.开始，着手mission n.委任, 委托, 代办(权), 佣金；vt.委任, 任命, 委托,mitment n.委托事项, 许诺, 承担义务modity n.日用品munication n.传达, 信息, 交通, 通讯munity n.公社, 团体, 社会, (政治)共同体, 共有, 一致, 共同体, (生物)群落pensation n.补偿, 赔偿plement n.补足物,【文法】补语, 【数】余角vt.补助, 补足plex adj.复杂的, 合成的, 综合的n.联合体plied v 遵照,顺从ponents n.成分adj.组成的, 构成的pounds n.混合物adj.混合的v.混合,配合prehensive adj.全面的, 广泛的, 能充分理解的, 包容的prise v.包含, 由...组成77.conceived vt.构思,以为,持有;vi 怀孕,考虑, 设想78.concentration n.集中, 集合, 专心, 浓缩, 浓度79.conclusion n.结束, 缔结, 结论80.concurrent n 同时发生的事件adj.并发的，协作的，一致的81.conduct n.行为, 操行v.引导, 管理, 为人, 传导82.conference n.会议, 讨论会, 协商会83.confined adj.被限制的，狭窄的，分娩的84.confirmed adj.证实的, 惯常的, 慢性的85.conflict n.斗争,冲突,vi.抵触,冲突86.conformity n.一致, 符合87.consequences n.结果, 【逻】推理, 推论, 因果关系, 重要的地位88.considerable adj.相当大的，可观的，值得考虑的89.consistent adj. 调和的, 坚固的（常与with 连用）与…一致的90.constraints n.约束，强制，拘束91.consultation n.请教,咨询,磋商,会诊92.contact n.接触,联系vt.接触,联系93.contemporary n.同时代的人adj.当代的, 同时代的94.context n.上下文, 文章的前后关系95.contract n.合同, 契约, 婚约v.使缩短, 感染, 订约96.contradiction n.反驳, 矛盾97.contrary adj.相反的, 逆的,98.contrast vt.使与...对比, 使与...对照vi.和...形成对照n.对比, 对照, (对照中的)差99.contribution n. 捐献，贡献，投稿100.controversy n.论战,争论,辩论101.convention 大会，协定，习俗，惯例102.conversely adv.倒的,逆的103.convinced adj. 确信的,深信的;v. 说服104.cooperative adj.合作的,协力的105.coordination n.同等,调和,配合106.corresponding adj.相应的,通讯的107.create vt.创造, 创作, 引起, 造成108.credit n.信任, 信用, 声望, 荣誉, 【财务】贷方, 银行存款;vt.相信, 信任, 把...归给109.criteria n.标准110.crucial adj.至关紧要的111.cultural adj.文化的112.currency n.流通,通货113.data n.【计】资料, 数据114.decades n.十年, 十115.decline vi.下倾,下降,下垂v.婉拒,衰落n.下倾,下降,下垂116.deduction n.减除,扣除,演绎,推导117.definite adj.明确的, 一定的118.definition n.定义, 解说119.demonstrate vi.示范,证明vt.示威120.denote vt.指示, 表示121.deny v.否认, 拒绝122.derived vt.得自vi.起源123.despite prep.不管, 尽管, 不论124.detected vt.察觉, 发觉, 侦查, 探测v.发现125.deviation n.背离,异端分子126.device n.装置,设计,图案,策略,发明物,设备；【计】安装设备驱动程序127.devote v.投身于,献身于128.differentiation n.区别129.dimension n.尺寸, 尺度, 维(数), 度(数), 元130.diminish v.(使)减少,(使)变小131.discrimination n.辨别,区别,辨别力,歧视132.displacement n.移置, 转移, 取代, 置换,位移, 排水量133.display v 陈列,展览,显示n.陈列,展览, 显示134.disposal n.处理, 处置, 布置, 安排, 配置, 支配135.distinction n.区别, 差别, 级别, 特性, 声望, 显赫136.distorted adj.扭曲的,受到曲解的137.distribution n.分配, 分发, 配给物, 销售, 区分, 分类,发送,发行138.diversity n.差异,多样性139.domain n.领土,领地,范畴,领域140.domestic adj.家庭的, 国内的, 与人共处的, 驯服的141.draft n.草稿,草案,草图v.草拟,起草142.dramatic adj.戏剧性的, 生动的143.duration n. 持续时间,为期144.economic adj.经济(上)的, 产供销的, 经济学的145.edition n.版本,版146.emerged vi.显现, 浮现, 暴露, 形成, (由某种状态)脱出, (事实)显现出来147.emphasis n.强调,重点148.empirical adj.完全根据经验的, 经验主义的, 【化】实验式149.enable vt.使能够,給予权利或方法150.energy n.精力,精神,活力151.enforcement n.执行,强制152.enhance v.提高,增强153.ensure v.确保,保证;保证得到154.environmental adj.周围的, 环境的155.equipment n.装备, 设备, 器材, 装置, 铁道车辆, 才能156.equivalent adj.相等的,相当的n.等价物, 相当物157.erosion n. 腐蚀,浸蚀158.estate n.状态,不动产,时期,阶层159.ethical adj.与伦理有关的,民族的,民族特有的160.evaluation n.估价, 评价, 赋值161.eventually adv.最后, 终于162.evidence n.明显, 显著, 明白, 迹象, 根据, 【物】证据, 证物163.evolution n.进展,演变,进化164.exceed v.超越,胜过其他165.excluded vt.排除在外,拒绝接纳166.exhibit vt.展出, 陈列n.展览品, 陈列品, 展品v.展示167.expert n.专家.行家.adj.老练的,内行的168.explicit adj.外在的,清楚的,直率的169.exploitation n.开发, 开采, 剥削, 自私的利用, 宣传, 广告170.exposure n.暴露,揭露,揭发,位置,方向,陈列171.extract n.精, 汁, 榨出物, 摘录, 选粹vt. 拔出, 榨取, 开方, 求根, 摘录, 析取, 吸取172.facilitate vt.使…容易,使…便利,推动173.factors n.因素,要素,因数174.features n.面貌的一部分(眼,口,鼻等)特征, vt.是…的特色, 特写, 放映vi.起重要作用175.federal n.联邦的,联盟的,联合的176.fee n.费,酬金177.final n.结局, 决赛, 期末考试, adj.最后的, 最终的, 决定性的178.financial a.财政的金融的179.flexibility n. 弹性，适应性，机动性，挠性180.fluctuations n.波动, 起伏181.focus n.(兴趣活动等的)中心, 焦点, 焦距, vi.聚焦, 注视;, 定焦点, 调焦, 集中182.format n.开本,版式,形式,格式vt.安排…的格局(或规格),【计】格式化(磁盘) 183.formula n.公式,客套语184.foundation n.基础, 根本, 建立, 创立, 地基, 基金, 基金会185.founded v.建立,创立186.function n.功能,作用,典礼,仪式；v.起作用,运行187.fundamental adj 基础的,基本的n.基本原则,基础原理188.furthermore adj.此外，而且189.generated vt.产生,发生190.guarantee n.保证, 保证书, 担保, 抵押品vt.保证, 担保191.hence adv.因此, 从此192.hierarchical adj.分等级的193.highlighted adj.突出的194.hypothesis n.假设, 【逻】前提195.identical adj.同一的, 同样的196.identified 被识别的,被认可的197.ignore vt. 不理睬，忽视;【律】（因证据不足而驳回）诉讼198.image n.图像,肖像,映象,比喻vt.想象,反映,象征199.immigration n.外来移民,移居入境200.impact n.碰撞, 冲击, 冲突, 影响, 效果;vt.挤入, 撞击, 压紧, 对...发生影响201.implementation n. 执行, 履行; 落实202.implication n.牵连, 含意, 暗示, 含蓄203.implicit adj.暗示的, 盲从的, 含蓄的,固有的, 不怀疑的, 绝对的204.implies v.暗示,意味着205.impose vt.征税,强加vi.利用,欺骗206.incentive n.动机adj.激励的207.inclination n.倾斜,弯曲,爱好208.incorporated adj.合并的，结社的，一体化的vt.合并，使组成公司, 209.individual n.个人, 个体; adj.个别的, 单独的, 个人的210.induced vt.劝诱, 促使, 导致, 引起, 感应211.inevitably adv.不可避免212.infrastructure n.下部构造, 基础下部组织213.inherent adj.固有的,内在的,与生俱来的214.inhibition n.禁止，阻止，禁止，抑制215.initial adj.最初的,词首的,初始的;n.词首字母216.initiative n.主动217.innovation n.改革, 创新218.insert vt.插入, 嵌入n.插入物219.insight n.洞察力,见识220.inspection n.检查, 视察221.instance n.实例,建议,要求,场合222.institute n.学会, 学院, 协会; vt.创立, 开始, 制定, 开始(调查), 提起(诉讼)告某人223.instruction n.指示, 用法说明(书), 教育, 指导, 指令224.integral adj.完整的,整体的,【数学】积分的225.integration n.综合,集合,集中226.integrity n.完全,正直,诚实227.intensity n.强烈, 剧烈, 强度,亮度228.interaction n.相互作用229.internal adj. 国内的,内在地230.interpretation n.解释, 阐明, 口译, 通译231.intervention n.干涉232.intrinsic adj.固有的,内在的233.investigation n.调查研究234.involved adj.棘手的,有关的235.isolated adj.隔离的,孤立的, 单独236.issues n.出版, 发行, (报刊等)期、号, 论点, 问题, 结果, vi.发行, 流出,【律】后嗣237.justification n.辩护,释罪bour n.劳动, 劳力, 劳工, 努力, 分娩, 工作;v.劳动, 苦干, 费力地前进yer n.层,阶层240.legal adj.法律的, 法定的, 合法的241.liberal adj.慷慨的,不拘泥的,宽大的242.licence n.执照,许可证,许可vt.认可,特许,发给执照243.likewise adv.同样的,又n.同样244.logic n.逻辑,逻辑学,逻辑性245.maintenance n.维护, 保持, 生活费用, 扶养246.major n.[美]【教】主修课, 【律】成年人adj.主修的, 成年的, 大调的; vi.主修247.manipulation n.处理, 操作, 操纵248.marginal adj.页边的,边缘的249.mature adj. 成熟的,到期的,充分考虑的,(票据等)到期的vt.使成熟vi.成熟,到期250.media n.媒体251.mediation n.仲裁,调解,调停252.medium n.媒体,方法,媒介adj.中间的,中等的253.mental adj.精神的,智力的itary adj.军事的,军用的255.minimal adj.最小的,最小限度的256.minorities n.少数,少数民族,未成年257.modified v.¸改良,改进,修正258.monitor n.监控,监视v.监视,监控259.mutual adj.相互的,互相的260.negative n.否定adj.否定的消极的v.否定,拒绝接受261.neutral n.中立者, 中立国, 非彩色, 齿轮的空档adj.中立的, 中立国的, 中性的,262.nevertheless conj.然而, 不过adv.仍然, 不过263.nonetheless adv.虽然如此,但是264.normal n.正规, 常态, adj.正常的, 正规的, 标准的265.notion n.概念,想法,观念,意见266.objective n.目标,目的adj.客观的267.obtained v.获得268.obvious adj.明显的,显而易见的269.occupation n.职业,占有,占有期间270.offset n.抵销, 弥补, 分支, vt.弥补, 抵销, 用平版印刷vi.偏移, 形成分支271.option n.选项, 选择权, 【经】买卖的特权272.orientation n.方向,方位,定位,向东方273.outcomes n.结果,成果274.panel n.面板, 嵌板, 仪表板, 座谈小组, 全体陪审员vt.嵌镶板275.paragraph n.(文章)段, 节, 段落276.participation n.分享, 参与277.partnership n.合伙,合伙企业,合伙契约278.perceived vt.察觉v.感知, 感到, 认识到279.persistent adj.持久稳固的280.perspective n.透视画法,透视图,前景,远景,观点,看法,观察281.phenomenon n.现象282.physical adj.身体的,物理的,自然的,物质的283.plus prep.加上adj.正的, 加的284.portion n.一部分285.pose n.姿势, 姿态v.(使...)摆好姿势, 形成, 引起, 造成; vi.摆姿势, 矫揉造作286.positive adj.肯定的, 实际的, 积极的, 绝对的, 确实的287.potential adj.潜在的, 可能的, n.潜能, 潜力288.practitioners n.从业者, 开业者289.preceding adj.在前的, 前述的290.precise adj.精确的,准确的n.精确291.predict v.预言,预报,预报292.predominantly adv.卓越的, 支配的, 主要的, 突出的, 有影响的293.preliminary n.预备的,初步的294.presumption n.假定295.previous adj.在前的, 早先的adv.在...以前296.prime n.最初,青春,精华adj.主要的,最好的,根本的v.预先准备好297.principal n.负责人,首长,主犯,校长adj. 首要的,主要的298.principle n. 法则，原则，原理299.priority n.先, 前, 优先, 优先权300.procedure n.程序, 手续301.professional n.自由职业者, 专业人员, 职业运动员, adj.专业的, 职业的302.prohibited v.禁止,严禁303.project n.计划, 方案, 事业, 企业, 工程v.设计, 计划, 发射(导弹等), 凸出304.promote vt.促进, 发扬, 提升, 提拔, 晋升为305.proportion n.比例,均衡,面积,部分vt.使成比例,使均摊306.prospect n.景色, 前景, 前途, 期望vi.寻找, 勘探307.psychology n.心理学,心理状态308.publication n.出版物, 出版, 发行, 公布, 发表309.published v.出版,刊印,发表310.pursue n.追赶,追踪,从事,继续311.radical adj.根本的, 基本的, 激进的n.激进分子312.random n.随意, 任意adj.任意的, 随便的, 胡乱的adv.胡乱地313.rational adj.理性的, 合理的, 推理的n.【数】有理数314.reaction n.反应,反作用315.region n.区域, 地方, (艺术,科学等的)领域, (大气, 海水等的)层316.registered adj.已登记的,已注册的,记名的317.regulations n.规则, 规章, 调节, 校准318.reinforce vt.加强, 增援, 补充, 增加...的数量, 修补, 加固n.加固物319.rejected n.被弃之物,落选者vt.拒绝,抵制, 驳回320.relaxed adj.松懈的,放松的,不严格的321.release n.释放, 让渡, 豁免, vt.释放, 解放, 放弃, 发表n.版本, 发布322.relevant adj.有关的, 相应的323.reliance n.信任,信心,依靠的人或物324.reluctant adj.不顾的, 勉强的, 难得到的, 难处理325.required adj.必需的326.resident n.居民adj.居住的, 常驻的327.response n.回答, 响应, 反应328.restore vt.恢复, 使回复, 归还, 交还, 修复, 重建329.restraint n.抑制,控制330.restricted adj.受限制的, 有限的331.retain vt.保持, 保留332.revenue n.收入,国家税收333.reverse n.相反, 背面, 反面, 倒退adj.相反的, 倒转的, 颠倒的vt.颠倒, 倒转334.revision n.修订, 修改, 修正, 修订本335.revolution n.革命,旋转336.route n.路线,路程,通道v.发送337.schedule n.时间表, 进度表v.确定时间338.scheme n.安排,配置,方案v.计划,设计,图谋339.scope n.(活动)范围, 机会, 余地340.sector n.部分, 部门;v.使分成部分, 把...分成扇形341.security n.安全(感)确信; 安心,保护,保护物(against; from)【常用复】证券, 债券342.sequence n.次序,顺序,序列挨次343.series n.连续, 系列, 丛书, 级数344.significant adj.有意义的, 重大的, 重要的345.similar adj.相似的, 类似的346.simulation n.仿真, 假装模拟347.solely adv.独自地, 单独地348.somewhat adv.稍微, 有点, 有些349.specific n.特效药, 细节adj.详细而精确的, 明确的, 特殊的,效的;350.specified v.指定,详细说明,列入清单351.stability n.稳定性352.status n.身份, 地位, 情形, 状况353.straightforward adj.正直的, 坦率的, 简单的, 易懂的, 直接了当的adv.坦率地354.stress n.重压, 逼迫, 压力, 重点, 着重, 强调, 重音vt.着重, 强调, 重读355.structure n.结构, 构造, 建筑物vt.建筑, 构成, 组织356.styles n.风格,时尚,问题,风度,类型357.submitted v.使服从,使顺从,提交358.subordinate adj. 次要的,从属的n.下属v.服从359.subsequent adj.后来的, 并发的360.subsidiary adj.辅助的, 补充的361.substitution n.代替,取代作用,置换362.successive adj.继承的, 连续的363.sufficient adj.充分的,足够的364.sum n.总数, 和, 金额, 算术题365.summary n.摘要, 概要366.supplementary n.附属,附属物367.survey n.测量, 调查, 俯瞰, 概观, 纵览, 视察368.survive v.幸免于, 幸存, 生还369.suspend v.吊,悬挂延缓370.sustainable adj.可以支撑得起的,养得起的371.symbolic adj.象征的,符号的372.target n.目标,对象,靶子373.technical adj.技巧的,技术的374.tension n.紧张(状态), 不安, 拉紧, 压力, 张力, vt.拉紧, 使紧张375.termination n.终止376.text n.正文, 原文, 课文, 课本377.theory n.理论, 学说, ...论, 原理, 意见, 推测378.thereby adv.因此, 从而, 在那方面, 在那附近379.thesis n.论题, 论文380.transfer n.迁移, 移动, 传递, 转移, 调任, vt.转移, 调转, 调任, 传递, 381.transformation n.变化, 转化, 改适, 改革, 转换382.transition n.转换,转变,过渡383.transmission n.播送, 发射, 传动, 传送, 传输, 转播384.transport n.传送器, 运输, 运输机, 激动, 流放犯, 狂喜vt.传送, 运输, 流放, 放逐385.trend n.倾向,趋势v.伸向,通向386.trigger v.引发,触发n.扳机387.ultimately adv.最后, 终于, 根本, 基本上388.undergo vt.经历, 遭受, 忍受389.underlying adj.在下面的, 根本的, 潜在的, 【商】优先的390.undertaken vbl. undertake 的过去分词391.unified adj 统一的,一元化的392.uniform adj.统一的, 相同的, 一致的,；n.制服vt.使成一样, 使穿制服393.unique adj.唯一的, 独特的394.variables n.【数】变数, 可变物, 变量; adj.可变的, 不定的, 易变的, 【数】变量的395.vehicle n.交通工具, 车辆, 媒介物, 传达手段396.version n.译文,译本,翻译397.via prep.经, 通过, 经由398.violation n 违反,违背,强奸399.virtually adv.事实上, 实质上400.visible adj.看得见的, 明显的, 显著的n.可见物401.visual adj.看的, 视觉的, 形象的, 栩栩如生的402.voluntary adj.自动的, 自愿的, 主动的, 故意的, 非官办的, 志愿的, 自发的403.whereas conj.然而,反之,鉴于,尽管,但是404.whereby adv.凭什么, 为何405.widespread adj.分布广泛的, 普遍的406.异。

2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案详解（完整版）注意：英语试卷为花卷，以答案内容进行核对万学海文教研中心英语教研室Section I Use of English1、【答案】[C] warning【解析】此处考察词义辨析。

首句说：人们几个世纪以来一直在思索没有工作的未来。

该句含义为：现在也是如此，学者们再次_______技术正在取代人类劳动。

从句为负向，故首先排除boasting吹嘘，ensuring确保。

Denying否认与首句中心句相冲突，故答案为Warning警告，语义逻辑通顺。

2、【答案】[A] inequality【解析】此处考察词义辨析。

该句含义为：“一些人认为即将来临的不用工作的世界通过______来定义。

少数的富人拥有所有的财富，而大多数人则在一片贫穷的荒芜之地中挣扎着生存。

”后一句话为对前一句的解释，所以这是一个不平等的世界，选inequality。

3、【答案】[D] prediction【解析】此处考察词义辨析。

该句含义为：一个不同的，而并不相互排斥的_______认为未来将成为一面不同类别的荒芜之地。

此处，prediction（语言）呼应了文中future （未来），为最佳选项，且代入原文语义通顺。

Policy政策，guideline指导方针，resolution 决心，在此处都不符合题意。

4、【答案】[A] characterized【解析】此处考察词义辨析。

前文说一种与众不同的荒芜之地，one为同位语补充说明荒地特征。

该句含义为：未来将成为一面不同类别的荒芜之地，一个以漫无目的性________的荒芜之地。

Be characterized by以……为特征，此处purposelessness（漫无目的）的确是一种特征，故该选项为正确答案。

Divide分割，measure测量，balance 平衡，均语义不通。

5、【答案】[B] meaning【解析】此处考察词义辨析及词义复现。

WORD格式可编辑2016考研英语二真题及详细解析Section 1 Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Happy people work differently. They’re more productive, more cre ative, and willing to take greater risks. And new research suggests that happiness might influence__1__firm’s work, too.Companies located in places with happier people invest more, according to a recent research paper.__2__, firms in happy places spend more on R&D (research and development). That’s because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking__3__for making investments for the future.The researchers wanted to know if the__4__and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would__5__the way companies invested. So they compared U.S. cities’ average happiness__6__by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas.__7__enough, firms’ investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were__8__.But is it really happiness that’s linked to investment, or could something else about happier cities__9__why firms there spend more on R&D? To find out, the researchers controlled for various__10__that might make firms more likely to invest – like size, industry, and sales – and for indicators that a place was__11__to live in, like growth in wages or population. The link between happiness and investment generally__12__even after accounting for these things.The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the authors__13__to “less codified decision making process”and the possible presence of “younger and less__14__managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment.” The relationship was__15__stronger in places where happiness was spread more__16__.Firms seem to invest more in places where most people are relatively happy, rather than in places with happiness inequality.__17__ this doesn’t prove that hap piness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view, the authors believe it at least__18__at that possibility. It’s not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help__19__how executives think about the future. “It surely seems pl ausible that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative and__20__R&D more than the average,” said one researcher.1. [A] why [B] where [C] how [D] when2. [A] In return [B] In particular [C] In contrast [D] In conclusion3. [A] sufficient [B] famous [C] perfect [D] necessary4. [A] individualism [B] modernism [C] optimism [D] realism5. [A] echo [B] miss [C] spoil [D] change6. [A] imagined [B] measured [C] invented [D] assumed7. [A] Sure [B] Odd [C] Unfortunate [D] Often8. [A] advertised [B] divided [C] overtaxed [D] headquartered9. [A] explain [B] overstate [C] summarize [D] emphasize10. [A] stages [B] factors [C] levels [D] methods11. [A] desirable [B] sociable [C] reputable [D]reliable12. [A] resumed [B] held [C]emerged [D] broke13. [A] attribute [B] assign [C] transfer [D]compare14. [A] serious [B] civilized [C] ambitious [D]experienced15. [A] thus [B] instead [C] also [D] never16. [A] rapidly [B] regularly [C] directly [D] equally17. [A] After [B] Until [C] While [D] Since18. [A] arrives [B] jumps [C] hints [D] strikes19. [A] shape [B] rediscover [C] simplify [D] share20. [A] pray for [B] lean towards [C] give away [D] send out1. [标准答案] [C]how[考点分析] 连词辨析[选项分析] 根据语境，“新发现表明：快乐可能会影响工作__的稳定。

2017年考研英语一翻译真题及答案解析2017年考研英语考试已经结束!出国留学考研网在考后第一时间为大家提供2017年考研英语一翻译真题及答案解析，更多考研资讯请关注我们网站的更新!2017年考研英语一翻译真题及答案解析英语1文章明显偏学术，今年考察英语语言发展情况，文章选的英国文化教育协会，是雅思出题组织者。

它的主席叫大卫格兰多的一本书，叫《英语下一步》，他讲到整本书意思是英语将走向何处。

很有意思的是主席曾经这本书里说到了中文将以后成为世界语言。

英语1考题作为序言部分作为考题。

今年英语1总体难度和去年相比，刚刚过去2016年考研题稳中有一点点上升，没有任何难句出现，只是长句。

我认为稳中上升。

第一句话有一个单词难一点，(英文)，英语全球性主导地位。

翻译里没有考过。

(英文)主导地位考过，但是是阅读里经常出现，翻译都是可以的。

这句话基本意思说到了，说英语的人进一步扩大，这是一个(英文)状语从句。

后面跟着有迹象表明，是主句，表明的迹象是什么呢?从句，英语全球性主导地位在可预见地位将减弱。

fade(英文)略微有难度。

我对考研阅读没有那么熟，但是2000年出现过。

如果按照新东方老师关注的精读方法来学习有很好的效果。

第二句话讲到了大卫这个人分析，会终结一些人的(英文)，他们或许会认为英语全球性地位是如此稳定。

他们有一次词，是(英语)如此稳定，英国年轻一代不需要额外学习其他的语言能力。

但是会终结年轻一代的能力。

但是组织的时候要注意一下，有些人认为英语语言地位如此稳定，英国年轻人没有必要学习什么，但是大卫的观点会终结这些人的想法。

语序颠倒一下会更好。

48题，正在引入英语，引入小学课程，有一个单词，(英语)，这个单词是常见的一个单词，叫课程。

很多学校，很多国家把英语引入到小学课程，在小学会学课程都可以，把英语纳入小学课程。

但是英国小学生没有受到更多鼓励，鼓励他们更流利掌握其他语言。

fluency，这个单词稍微难掌握一些。

2017考研英语一真题答案及其解析1. A 介词辨析。

从前后文意思来看，此处为递进关系，前后都表示拥抱的益处，Besides符合题意。

因此答案为A项。

2. C考查词汇意思和并列关系。

此处的词汇应该与close意思相近。

拥抱使人与人亲近，当然也让人联系紧密。

Connected有联系的，符合题意。

因此答案为C项。

3. B 固定搭配。

a host of 意为许多。

拥抱能带来很多健康好处。

符合题意。

因此答案为B选项。

4. A根据句子意思，拥抱能让人避免冬天生病。

其他几个词汇均不符合题意。

因此答案为A选项。

5. D动词辨析。

该句的意思是这项研究包含了400名健康的成年人。

D选项involve具有包含的意思。

collect意为收集，affect意为影响,guide意为指导，均不符合题意。

因此答案为D选项。

6. A固定搭配。

去掉修饰成分，可以看到句子主干为researchers examined the effects of hugs__the participants' susceptibility.对参与者敏感性的影响。

effect on sth.对…的影响。

因此答案为A选项。

7. D动词辨析。

be exposed to 遭受；暴露于，be devoted to 致力于，be attracted to 被吸引，be lost to 不再属于…；无动于衷。

be exposed to 符合题意。

因此答案为D选项。

8. C固定搭配。

Come down with 生病come along with 随同，一起come across with 偿付come out with 发布，展出。

只有come down with a cold感冒，符合题意。

因此答案为C选项。

9. D考查动词。

根据后文32%这一数据可以推测出此处的动词意为计算calculate。

imagine想象，deny否认，doubt怀疑都不符合原文意思。

2017年考研英语(一)阅读 text4 精讲Decoding the Complexities of the 2017 Postgraduate Entrance Examination English (I) Reading Text 4The 2017 Postgraduate Entrance Examination English (I) reading section has always been a topic of intense scrutiny and discussion among aspiring graduate students. The text four of this examination, in particular, has garnered significant attention due to its intricate nature and the challenges it poses to test-takers. In this essay, we will delve deep into the nuances of this text and uncover the strategies and insights that can help students navigate its complexities with confidence.Firstly, it is crucial to understand the overall structure and format of the reading text. The 2017 Postgraduate Entrance Examination English (I) reading section is designed to assess the candidates' comprehension skills, critical thinking abilities, and their capacity to analyze and interpret complex passages. Text four, in particular, is known for its multi-layered and thought-provoking content, which often requires a deep understanding of the context, subtext, and the underlying themes.One of the key aspects of this text is its focus on the dynamics of the academic world. The passage delves into the intricate relationships between professors, researchers, and students, as well as the challenges they face in the pursuit of knowledge and innovation. It explores the delicate balance between academic freedom, institutional constraints, and the pressures of the modern research landscape.Another salient feature of the text is its emphasis on the role of technology in shaping the academic landscape. The passage examines the impact of technological advancements on teaching methodologies, research practices, and the dissemination of information. It highlights the opportunities and challenges that come with the integration of technology in higher education, and how it has transformed the way knowledge is acquired, shared, and applied.Furthermore, the text touches upon the concept of academic integrity and the ethical considerations that govern the academic community. It addresses issues such as plagiarism, data fabrication, and the importance of maintaining high standards of scholarly conduct. This section of the text is particularly crucial as it not only tests the candidates' understanding of these concepts but also their ability to critically analyze and formulate informed opinions on these complex topics.In order to effectively tackle this reading passage, candidates must employ a multifaceted approach that combines careful reading, critical analysis, and a thorough understanding of the contextual and conceptual frameworks. They must be able to identify the key themes, arguments, and underlying assumptions presented in the text, and then synthesize this information to form a coherent and well-reasoned response.One effective strategy for approaching this text is to carefully read through the passage, making note of the main ideas, supporting evidence, and any potential counterarguments or alternative perspectives. It is also important to pay close attention to the language used, as the text may employ sophisticated vocabulary, complex sentence structures, and subtle nuances that can significantly impact the overall meaning and interpretation.Furthermore, candidates should strive to connect the themes and ideas presented in the text to their broader knowledge of the academic landscape, current trends in higher education, and the ongoing debates and discussions within the scholarly community. This contextual understanding can help them better analyze and interpret the text, and formulate responses that demonstrate a deep and nuanced understanding of the issues at hand.In addition to these analytical skills, candidates must also possessstrong writing abilities to effectively convey their understanding and insights in the examination. This includes the ability to structure their response in a clear and coherent manner, use appropriate academic language and conventions, and present their arguments in a persuasive and well-reasoned manner.In conclusion, the 2017 Postgraduate Entrance Examination English (I) reading text four is a complex and multifaceted passage that challenges candidates to demonstrate their critical thinking, analytical, and writing skills. By approaching the text with a comprehensive understanding of its themes, structure, and contextual frameworks, and by employing effective strategies for analysis and response, candidates can navigate the complexities of this passage and showcase their mastery of the English language and the academic landscape. With dedication, perseverance, and a deep commitment to learning, aspiring graduate students can unlock the full potential of this reading text and excel in the examination.。

有关考研英语易混淆的词汇比拟记
convert, invert, revert, transform
这一组动词都有转变的意思。

convert v.转变，变换，含有使某人改变观点的意思。

He wants to convert to Catholicism.他要皈依天主教。

invert v.使颠倒，使倒转，使反向。

常常表示位置、顺序、方向等的颠倒。

The baby inverted the cup and spilled her orange juice.婴儿把杯子打翻，弄洒了里面的橙汁。

revert v.归还，恢复原状。

指回到原来的状态或情形。

John gave his brother a house, and when his brother died, ownership reverted back to John.约翰送给他的哥哥一所房子，当他的哥哥去世后，房子的所有权重新归于约翰。

transform v.改变，转变，指形状、颜色、大小、性质等的改变。

A little paint will soon transform the old house.刷一点油漆很快就会使这所旧房子大为改观。

2017考研英语真题翻译翻译原文：原文：Governments, irrespective of their political orientation, have embraced globalization as an inevitable, irreversible and irresistible force. Decisions that shape the future of globalization and our collective global destinies are constantly being made by individuals, organizations and governments.译文：不论政治取向如何，各国政府都将全球化视为不可避免、不可逆转和不可抗拒的力量。

决定全球化的未来和我们共同的全球命运的决策正不断地由个人、组织和政府做出。

原文：With increased scale and speed of flows of goods, services, capital and knowledge, significant changes have taken place in the global economy in the past thirty years. Countries have grown closer economically, and international interactions have intensified. However, globalization has had both positive and negative impacts on people’s lives and societies.译文：在过去的30年里，随着物品、服务、资本和知识流动的规模和速度的增加，全球经济发生了重大变化。

各国在经济上变得更加密切，国际互动变得更加密集。

2017年考研英语：历年真题高频词组（1）2017年考研英语备考已经开始，考生们在备考英语部分时，最先接触的是词汇部分，下面跨考教育英语教研室张老师为帮助考生更好的完成基础阶段的备考，从历年的真题中整理出了真题高频词组系列，希望能成为备考英语的利器。

张老师汇总了600多个高频词组，分为7个系列。

由于篇幅原因，本文内容为系列一。

1. yield to 对…屈服,投降,让步,顺从2. be worthy of (=be deserving of)值得,够得上, 配得上3. absence of mind(=being absent-minded) 心不在焉4. absorb(=take up the attention of)吸引…的注意力(被动语态):be absorbed in 全神贯注于…be engrossed in;be lost in;be rapt in;be concentrated on;be focused on;be centered on5. (be) abundant in(be rich in; be well supplied with) 富于,富有abound6. access(to) (不可数名词) 能接近,进入,了解7. by accident(=by chance, accidentally)偶然地,意外. Without accident(=safely) 安全地,8. of one’s own accord(=without being asked; willingly; freely)自愿地,主动地9. in accord with 与…一致. out of one’s accord with 同….不一致10. with one accord (=with everybody agreeing)一致地11. in accordance with (=in agreement with) 依照,根据12. on one’s own account1)为了某人的缘故,为了某人自己的利益2)(=at one’s own risk) 自行负责3)(=by oneself)依靠自己on account 赊账on account of 因为on no account 不论什么原因也不of …a ccount 有…重要性13. take…into account(=consider)把...考虑进去14. give sb. an account of 说明, 解释(理由)15. account for (=give an explanation or reason for) 解释, 说明.16. on account of (=because of=in that) 由于,因为.17. on no account(=in no case, for no reason)绝不要,无论如何不要(放句首时句子要倒装)18. accuse…of…(=charge…with;blame sb. for sth.blame sth. on sb.;complain about)指控控告19. be accustomed to doing(=be in the habit of, be used to)习惯于.20. be acquainted with(=to have knowledge of) 了解; (=to have met socially) 熟悉22. adapt oneself to(=adjust oneself to) 使自己适应于accomodate23. adapt…(for) (=make sth. suitable for a new need) 改编, 改写(以适应新的需要)24. in addition (=besides) 此外, 又, 加之25. in addition to(=as well as, besides, other than)除…外26. adhere to (=abide by, conform to,comply with,cling to,insist on,persist in,observe,opinion,belief ) 粘附; 坚持, 遵循27. adjacent(=next to, close to) 毗邻的, 临近的28. adjust..(to) (=change slightly)调节; 适应;adapt29. admit of (=be capable of, leave room for) …的可能，留有…的余地.30. in advance (before in time) 预告, 事先.31. to advantage 有利的,使优点更加突出地.32. have an advantage over 胜过. have the advantage of 由于…处于有利条件have the advantage of sb.知道某人所不知道的事33. take advantage of (=make the best of, utilize, make use of, profit from, harness)利用.34. agree with 赞同(某人意见) agree to 同意35. in agreement (with) 同意, 一致36.ahead of 在…之前, 超过…;……………. ahead of time 提前.37. in the air 1)不肯定, 不具体. 2)在谣传中.38. above all (=especially, most important of all) 尤其是, 最重要的.39. in all (=counting everyone or everything, altogether) 总共, 总计40. after all 毕竟到底(not)at all 一点也不all at once(=suddenly)突然once and for all 只此一次above all 最重要的first of all 首先all in all 大体上说be all in 累极了all but 几乎41. allow for (=take into consideration, take into account) 考虑到, 估计到.42. amount to (=to be equal to) 总计, 等于.43. answer for (undertake responsibility for, be liable for, take charge for) 对…负责.44. answer to (=conform to) 适合,符合.45. be anxious about 为…焦急不安; 或anxious for46. apologize to sb. for sth. 为…向…道歉47. appeal to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人呼吁. appeal to sb. 对某人有吸引力48. apply to sb. for sth. 为…向…申请; apply for 申请; apply to 适用.49. apply to 与…有关;适用50. approve of(=consent to,be in favor of,favor,agree to,consider good,right)赞成,批准51. arise from(=be caused by) 由…引起.52. arrange for sb./sth. to do sth. 安排…做…53. arrive on 到达; arrive at 到达某地(小地方);得出,作出; arrive in 到达某地(大地方);54. be ashamed of (=feel shame, guilt or sorrow because of sth. done) 以…为羞耻55. assure sb. of sth. (=try to cause to believe or trust in sth.) 向…保证, 使…确信.56. attach(to) (=to fix, fasten; join) 缚, 系,结57. make an attempt at doing sth. (to do sth.) 试图做…58. attend to (=give one’s attention, care and thought)注意,照顾;attend on(upon)(=wait upon, serve, look after) 侍候,照料59. attitude to/ toward …对…的态度.看法60. attribute…to…(=to believe sth. to be the result of…)把..归因于.., 认为..是..的结果61. on the average (=on average, on an average) 平均62. (be) aware of (=be conscious of , having knowledge or consciousness)意识到,知道.63. at the back of (=behind) 在…后面64. in the back of 在…后部(里面);on the back of 在…后部(外面);be on one’s back(=be ill in bed) 卧病不起65. at one’s back(=supporting or favoring sb.)支持,维护;have sb.at one’s back 有…支持66.turn one’s back on sb.(=turn away from sb. in an im polite way) 不理睬(某人),背弃,抛弃67. behind one’s back 背着某人(说坏话)68. be based on / upon 基于69. on the basis of 根据…, 在…基础上70. beat…at 在…运动项目上打赢71. begin with 以…开始. to begin with (=first of all) 首先, 第一(经常用于开始语)72. on behalf of (=as the representative of) 以…名义73. believe in(=have faith or trust in; consider sth./sb. to be true) 相信,依赖,信仰.74. benefit (from) 受益,得到好处.75. for the benefit of 为了…的利益(好处)76. for the better 好转77. get the better of (=defeat sb.) 打败, 胜过.78. by birth 在出生上,论出身,按血统at birth 在出生时; give birth to 出生79. blame sb. for sth. 因…责备某人. blame sth. on sb. 把…推在某人身上80. in blossom 开花(指树木) be in blossom 开花(强调状态) come into blossom 开花(强调动作)81. on board 到船上, 在船上, 上火车或飞机82. boast of (or about) 吹嘘83. out of breath 喘不过气来84. in brief(=in as few words as possible)简言之85. in bulk 成批地,不散装的86. take the floor 起立发言87. on business 出差办事.88. be busy with sth.于某事。

2017 年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B,C orD on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding yes! 1to 2people youhelping you feel close anda out that hugs can bring care about, it turns3 of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace mighteven help you 4 getting sick this winter.5 over 400 healthy adults,researchers from Carnegie MellonIn a recent studyUniversity in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt ofhugs 6 the participants' susceptibility（敏感性） to developing the common cold after being7 to the virus. People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come8 with a cold, and the researchers 9 that the stress-10aboutreducing effects of hugging32 percent of that beneficial effect.among those who got a cold, the ones who felt 11greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12 .Hugging protects people who are under stress from the 13 risk for colds that's usually 14 with stress, notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Huggingis amarker of intimacy and helps the feeling that others are there to help 16 difficulty.15Some experts 17 the stress-reducing,health-related benefits of hugging to therelease of oxytocin（后叶催产素）, often called he bonding hormone 18 it promotesattachment inrelationships, including that between mothers and their newborn babies. Oxytocinis made primarily in the central lower part of the brain, and some of it is released intothe bloodstream. Butsome of it 19 in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology.1.[A]Besides [B]Unlike [C]Throughout [D]Despite2.[A]equal [B]restricted [C]connected [D]inferior3.[A]view [B]host [C]lesson [D]choice4.[A]avoid [B]forget [C]recall [D]keep5.[A]collecting [B]affecting [C]guiding [D]involving16.[A]on [B]in [C]at [D]of7.[A]devoted [B]attracted [C]lost [D]exposed8.[A]along [B]across [C]down [D]out9.[A]imagined [B]denied [C]doubted [D]calculated10.[A]served [B]restored [C]explained [D]required11.[A]Thus [B]Still [C]Rather [D]Even12.[A]defeats [B]symptoms [C]errors [D]tests13.[A]highlighted [B]increased [C]controlled [D]minimized14.[A]presented [B]equipped [C]associated [D]compared215.[A]assess[B]generate [C]moderate [D]record16. [A]in the name [B] in the form [C] in the face [D] in the wayof of of of 17.[A]attribute [B]commit [C]transfer [D]return18.[A]unless [B]because [C]though [D]until19.[A]remains [B]emerges [C]vanishes [D]decreases20.[A]experiences [B]combines [C]justifies [D]influencesSection II Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B,C orD. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1First two hours, now three hours — this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight, at least at some major U.S. airportswith increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security protocols in return for increased safety. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804, which terrorists may have downed overthe Mediterranean Sea, provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much ofair travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for theprocess. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans' economic and private lives, notto mention infuriating.Last year, the Transportation Security Administration(TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons — both fake and real — past airportsecurity nearly every time they tried. Enhanced security measures since then, combined witha rise in airline travel due to the improving economy and low oil prices, have resulted inlong waits at major airports such as Chicago's O'Hare International. It is not yet clear howmuch more effective airline security has become — but the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel, so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may bethat more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees,though the airlines strongly dispute this.There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be awin-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible touse expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA to focus on travelers who are higher risk,saving time for everyone involved. TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck. 3It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock: Passengers 4must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, thisprice tag has been PreCheck's fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a morereasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most ofthe traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the programwork.21.The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804 is mentioned to [A] explain American's tolerance of current security checks. [B] stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.[C] highlight the necessity of upgrading major U.S. airports. [D] emphasize the importanceof privacy protection.22.Which of the following contributes to long waits at major airports? [A] New restrictions on carry-on bags.[B] The declining efficiency of the TSA. [C] An increase in the number of travellers.[D]Frequent unexpected secret checks.23.The word “expedited” (Liner 4, Para. 5) is closet in meaning to [A]quieter.[B] cheaper. [C] wider. [D] faster.24.One problem with the PreCheck program is [A] a dramatic reduction of itsscale.[B] its wrongly-directed implementation. [C] the government's reluctance to back it.[D] anunreasonable price for enrollment.25.Which of the following would be the best for the text? [A] Less Screeningfor More Safety[B] PreCheck – a Belated Solution [C] Getting Stuck in Security Lines [D] Underused PreCheck LanesText 2“The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,” wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaii's last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted overconstruction of the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity's view of the cosmos.5At issue is the TMT's planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko, that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea isalso home to some of the world's most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea's peak rises above the bulk of our planet's dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environmentalists have long viewed their presence as disrespect far sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation. Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is not the only way of understanding theworld. They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea's fragile ecosystems or itsholiness to the islands' inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past； it is aliving culture undergoing a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization.The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesiansto Hawaii's shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls todisassembleall telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where wecome from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as ifanswering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea. The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescope's visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, oldones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state.There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.26.Queen Liliuokalani's remark in Paragraph 1 indicates [A] her conservativeview on the historical role of astronomy. [B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society. [C]the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.[D] her appreciation of star watchers' feats in her time.27.Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to [A] itsgeographical features.[B] its protective surroundings. [C] its religious implications. [D] its existing infrastructure.28.The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because [A] it6may risk ruining their intellectual life.[B] it reminds them of a humiliating history. [C] their culture will lose a chance of revival.7[D] they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.29.It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today's astronomy_[A] is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.[B] helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world. [C] may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.[D] will eventually soften Hawaiians' hostility.30.The author's attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of[A] severe criticism.[B] passive acceptance. [C] slight hesitancy.[D] full approval.Text 3Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country's GDP measures “everything except that which makes life worthwhile.” With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century. Many argue that it is a flawed concept. It measures things that do not matter and miss things that do. By most recent measures, the UK's GDP has been the envy of the Western World, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so sowell, then why did over 17million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what itcould do to their country's economic prospects?A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of thepoorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvement for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDR over 40 different sets ofcriteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get amore rounded assessment of how countries are performing.While all of these countries face their own challenges, there are a number of consistent themes. Yes, there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash, but inkey indicators in areas such as health and education, major economies have continued todecline. Yet this isn't the case with all countries. Some relatively poor European countrieshave seen huge improvements across measures including civil society; income equality and theenvironment.This is a lesson that rich countries can learn: When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country's success, the world looks very different.8So what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations, as a measure, it is no longer enough. It doesnot include important factors such as environmental equality or education outcomes - allthings that contribute to a person's sense of well-being.9The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth. But policymaker whorefocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures couldavoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress.31.Robert F. Kennedy is cited because he [A]praised the UK for its GDP.[B]identified GDP with happiness. [C]misinterpreted the role of GDP. [D]had a low opinion ofGDP.32.It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that [A]the UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern. [B]the UK will contribute less to the world economy.[C]GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK. [D]policymakers in the UK arepaying less attention to GDP.33.Which of the following is true about the recent annual study? [A]It excludes GDP as an indicator.[B]It is sponsored by 163 countries. [C]Its criteria are questionable. [D]Its results areenlightening.34.In the last two paragraphs, the author suggests that [A]the UK is preparingfor an economic boom.[B]high GDP foreshadows an economic decline. [C]it is essential to consider factors beyondGDP. [D]it requires caution to handle economic issues.35.Which of the following is the best??for the text? [A]High GDP But Inadequate Well-being, a UK lesson [B]GDP figures, a Window on Global Economic Health [C] Robert F.Kennedy, a Terminator of GDP[D]Brexit, the UK's Gateway to Well-beingText 4In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. But it did so while holding itsnose at the ethics of his conduct, which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch anda Ferrari Automobile from a company seeking access to government.The high court's decision said the judge in Mr. McDonnell's trail failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his “official acts,” or the former governor's decisions on “specific” and “unsettled” issues related to his duties.Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials, unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials, is not corruption, the justices found.10The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is “distasteful”and “nasty.” But under anti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such asapproval of a contract or regulation. Simply arranging a meeting, making a phone call, orhosting an event is not an “official act.”The court's ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal. Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problemswithout fear of prosecution of bribery. “The basic compact underlying representative government,” wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court, “assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns.”But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives, not the courts, to ensure equality of access to government. Officials must not be allowed toplay favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift. This type of integrityrequireswill-enforced laws in government transparency, such as records of official meetings,rules onlobbying, and information about each elected leader's source of wealth.Favoritism in official access can fan public perceptions of corruption. But it is not always corruption. Rather officials must avoid double standards, or different types of accessfor average people and the wealthy. If connections can be bought, a basic premise of democratic society – that all are equal in treatment by government- is undermined. Good government rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each individual.The court's ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.36.The underlined sentence(Para.1) most probably shows that the court [A]avoided defining the extent of McDonnell's duties.[B] made no compromise in convicting McDonnell. [C] was contemptuous of McDonnell's conduct.[D] refused to comment on McDonnell's ethics.37.According to Paragraph 4, an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involves[A] concrete returns for gift-givers. [B] sizable gains in the form of gifts. [C] leaking secrets intentionally.[D] breaking contracts officially.38.The court's ruling is d on the assumption that public officials are [A]allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.[B] qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues. [C] justified in addressingthe needs of their constituents. [D] exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.1139.Well-enforced laws in government transparency are needed to [A] awaken the conscience of officials.[B] guarantee fair play in official access.12[C] allow for certain kinds of lobbying. [D] inspire hopes in average people.40.The author's attitude toward the court's ruling is [A] sarcastic.[B] tolerant. [C] skeptical. [D] supportive.Part B Directions:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-Gto filling them into the numbered box. Paragraphs B and D have been correctly placed. Markyour answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A]The first published sketch, A Dinner at Poplar Walk brought tears to Dickens's eyes when he discovered it in the pages of The Monthly Magazine. From then on his sketches ,whichappeared under the pen name Boz in The Evening Chronicle, earned him a modest reputation.[B]The runaway success of The Pickwick Papers, as it is generally known today, secured Dickens's fame. There were Pickwick coats and Pickwick cigars, and the plump, spectacled hero, Samuel Pickwick, became a national figure.[C]Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared, a publishing firm approached Dickens to write astory in monthly installments, as a backdrop for a series of woodcuts by the ten-famous artist Robert Seymour, who had originated the idea for the story. With characteristic confidence, Dickens successfully insisted that Seymour's pictures illustrate his own storyinstead. After the first installment, Dickens wrote to the artist and asked him to correct adrawing Dickens felt was not faithful enough to his prose. Seymour made the change, went into his backyard, and expressed his displeasure by committing suicide. Dickens and his publishers simply pressed on with a new artist. The comic novel, The Posthumous Papers ofthe Pickwick Club, appeared serially in 1836 and 1837, and was first published in book formin 1837.[D]Charles Dickens is probably the best-known and, to many people, the greatest English novelist of the 19th century. A moralist, satirist, and social reformer. Dickens crafted complex plots and striking characters that capture the panorama of English society.[E]Soon after his father's release from prison, Dickens got a better job as errand boy in law offices. He taught himself shorthand to get an even better job later as a court stenographer and as a reporter in Parliament. At the same time, Dickens, who had a reporter'seye for transcribing the life around him especially anything comic or odd, submitted shortsketches to obscure magazines.[F] Dickens was born in Portsmouth, on England's southern coast. His father was a clerk in the British navy pay office -a respectable position, but wish little social status. Hispaternal grandparents, a steward and a housekeeper possessed even less status, having beenservants, and Dickens later concealed their background. Dicken's mother supposedly camefroma13more respectable family. Yet two years before Dicken's birth, his mother's father was caughtstealing and fled to Europe, never to return. The family's increasing poverty forced Dickensout of school at age 12 to work in Warren's Blacking Warehouse, a shoe-polish factory, wherethe other working boys mocked him as he young gentleman. His father was then imprisonedfor debt. The humiliations of his father's imprisonment and his labor in the blacking factory formed Dicken's greatest wound and became his deepest secret. He couldnot confide them even to his wife, although they provide the unacknowledged foundation ofhis fiction.[G] After Pickwick, Dickens plunged into a bleaker world. In Oliver Twist, e traces an orphan's progress from the workhouse to the criminal slums of London. Nicholas Nickleby, hisnext novel, combines the darkness of Oliver Twist with the sunlight of Pickwick. The popularity of these novels consolidated Dichens' as a nationally and internationally celebrated man of letters.D → 41. → 42. → 43. → 44. → B →45.Part C Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) The growth of the use of English as the world`s primary language for international communication has obviously been continuing for several decades.(46)ut even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future. Complex international, economic, technological and culture change could start to diminish the leading position of English as the language of the world market, and UK interests which enjoy advantage from the breath of English usage would consequently face newpressures. Those realistic possibilities are highlighted in the study presented by David Graddol(47)is analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of theUnited Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.David Graddol concludes that monoglot English graduates face a bleak economic future asqualified multilingual youngsters from other countries are proving to have a competitive advantage over their British counterparts in global companies and organizations. Alongsidethat,(48)many countries are introducing English into the primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement toachieve fluency in other languages.If left to themselves, such trends will diminish the relative strength of the English language in international education markets as the demand for educational resources in languages, such as Spanish ,Arabic or Mandarin grows and international business process 14outsourcing in other language such as Japanese, French and German, spreads.(49)The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to UK`s providers of English language teaching to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors. The English language teaching sector directly earns nearly &1.315billion for the UK in invisible exports and our other education related explores earn up to&10 billion a year more. As the international education market expands, the recent slowdownin the number of international students studying in the main English-speaking countries islikely to continue, especially if there are no effective strategic policies to prevent suchslippage.The anticipation of possible shifts in demand provided by this study is significant:(50) It gives a basis to all organization which seek to promote the learning and use of English,abasis for planning to meet the possibilities of what could be a very different operating environment.That is a necessary and practical approach. In this as in much else, those whowish to influence the future must prepare for it.46、But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.(47)is analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of theUnited Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.(48)many countries are introducing English into the primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement toachieve fluency in other languages.(49)The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to UK`s providers of English language teaching to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors.(50)It gives a basis to all organization which seek to promote the learning and use of English,a basis for planning to meet the possibilities of what could be a very differentoperating environment.SectionIII Writing Part A51.directionYou are to write an email to James Cook,a newly-arrived Australia professor,recommending some tourist attraction in your city .Please give reason for your recommendation. You should write nearly on the answer/sheet.Dot not sign your own name at the end of the email .use li minginstead Do not write the address.(10 points)Part B52.Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following pictures. In y essay. You should1)describe the pictures briefly.2)interpret the meaning,and3)give your comments.16You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points) 17。