语言学(考研)真题

答案见麦多课文库 [考研类试卷]英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编14 一、简答题 0 Please disambiguate the following 5 sentences, using the tree-diagram, or any other means that you think is appropriate.（北京交通大学2007研)

1 Jane showed her baby pictures. 2 The old man is drinking in the air. 3 We need more realistic officials to handle the economy. 4 We are sweeping the ground cigarettes on the street. 5 Tom exchanged the money and fell around the corner. 6 What is Halliday's idea on the relationship between the functions performed by language and its structures?

7 What are deep and surface structures? 8 In the following three sentences, the particle "up" stays in different positions, i. e. immediately after the verb; in between the noun phrase and the relative clause; and at the end of the sentence. Can you formulate a syntactic rule to explain the position changes of the particle? (1)She stood up the man who offered her a diamond. (2)She stood the man up who offered her a diamond. (3)She stood the man who offered her a diamond up.（南开大学2010研)

[考研类试卷]英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编22.doc[考研类试卷]英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编22一、填空题1 According to G Leech, ______meaning is the communicative value an expression has by virtue of what it refers to, over and above its purely conceptual content. (北二外2006研)2 According to G Leech, ______meaning refers to logic, cognitive, or denotative content. (北二外2005研)3 According to G. Leech, ______meaning refers to what is communicated of the feelings and attitudes of the speaker/writer. (北二外2007研)4 The theory of meaning which relates the meaning of a word to the thing it refers to, or stands for, is known as the______theory. (中山大学2008研)5 ______is the technical name for the sameness relation. (北二外2007研)6 Terms like "apple", "banana" and "pear" are______of the term "fruit". (北二外2007研)7 "Mary gave a book to Jack" is synonymous with "Jack______a book from Mary." (北二外2005研)8 Terms like "rolling pin" and "ladle" are______of the term "kitchen implements." (北二外2005研)9 Antonyms like "husband" v. "wife" are______antonyms. (北二外2003研)10 Terms like "desk" and "stool" are______of the term "furniture". (北二外2003研)11 ______= PARANT(x, y)&MALE(x)(北二外2005研)12 ______= CHILD (x, y) & MALE (x) (北二外2006研)13 In their book______written in 1923, C. K. Ogden and I.A.Richards presented a" representative list of the main definitions which reputable students of meaning have favoured. " There are 16 major categories of them, with sub-categories all together, numbering 22. (中山大学2011年研)14 Predication analysis is to break down predications into their constituents; ______ and______.二、判断题15 In the sentence "Money is often said to be the root of all evil", "root" is used in its conceptual meaning. (北二外2007研) （A）真（B）假16 After comparing "They stopped at the end of the corridor." with "At the end of the corridor, they stopped", you may find some difference in meaning, and the difference can be interpreted in terms of collocative meaning. (北二外2006研) （A）真（B）假17 Conceptual meaning overlaps to a large extent with the notion of "reference". (北二外2005研)（A）真（B）假18 When you use your own sentence with a meaning other than the conceptual, the meaning is some- times referred to as speaker's meaning, or contextual meaning. (大连外国语学院2008研)（A）真（B）假19 The theory of meaning which relates the meaning of a word to the thing it refers to, or stands for, is known as the referential theory. (北二外2006研)（A）真（B）假20 Reference is one of the rarely used cohesive devices. (南开大学2005研)（A）真（B）假21 Odgen and Richards argue that the relation between a word and a thing it refers to is not direct. (南开大学2004研) （A）真（B）假22 "Tulip", "rose" and "violet" are all included in the notion of "flower". Therefore they are superordinates of "flower". (北二外2006研)（A）真（B）假23 The idea that the meaning of a sentence depends on the meanings of the constituent words and the way they are combined is usually known as the principle of COMPOSITIONALITY. (大连外国语学院2008研)（A）真（B）假24 The two words borrow and lend are antonyms but the two sentences "Jan lent some money to Jack" and "Jack borrowed some money from Jan" are synonymous. (北二外2010研) （A）真（B）假25 All the words in a language can be used to refer, but only some have senses. (北二外2010研)（A）真（B）假三、单项选择题26 When the word "root" means "part of plant that keeps it firmly in the soil and absorbs water and food from the soil", the meaning is______meaning. (北二外2004研)（A）connotative（B）conceptual（C）reflected27 ______ deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world experience. (西安交大2008研)（A）Reference（B）Concept（C）Semantics（D）Sense28 Which of the following is NOT included in G. Leech's seven types of meaning? (大连外国语学院2008研)（A）Connotative meaning.（B）Denotative meaning.（C）Conceptual meaning.29 According to C. Ogden and I. Richards,______is regarded as the crucial intermediary between______and______. (西安外国语学院2006研)（A）symbol .. . referent ... thought（B）referent . .. thought.. . symbol（C）thought .. . symbol . .. referent30 There are generally three kinds of sense relations recognized, sameness relation, oppositeness relation and inclusiveness relation. They are representedby______respectively. (大连外国语学院2008研)（A）synonymy, antonymy, and hyponymy（B）synonymy, hyponymy, and antonymy（C）antonymy, synonymy, and hyponymy31 Bird and cuckoo have the sense relation of hyponymy. Which of the following pairs of words has the same sense relation? (对外经贸2005研)（A）Vowel and consonant（B）Mouth and tongue（C）Lexicon and word（D）Number and gender32 By componential analysis, BECOME (x, (~ ALIVE(x))) is an explanationof______.(西安外国语学院2006研)（A）die（B）dead（C）kill（D）killed33 The sense relationship between "John plays the piano" and "John plays a musical instrument" is ______.(北二外2004研) （A）synonymy（B）antonymy（C）entailment34 Which of the following are gradable antonyms?（A）good and bad（B）male and female（C）young and old（D）buy and sell35 Conceptual meaning is not______（A）affective（B）cognitive（C）logic（D）denotative36 When the truth of sentence (a) guarantees the truth of sentence (b), and the falsity of sentence (b) guarantees the falsity of sentence (a) , we can say that______.（A）sentence (a) presupposes sentence (b)（B）sentence (a) entails sentence (b)（C）sentence (a) is inconsistent with sentence (b)（D）sentence (a) contradicts sentence (b)37 "Socrates is a man" is a case of______.（A）two-place predicate（B）one-place predicate（C）two-place argument（D）one-place argument四、简答题38 What is the referential theory of meaning? (北交大2005研)39 What are the three kinds of antonyms? (武汉大学2004研)40 What is your opinion on "true synonymy is non-existent"? (四川大学2006研)41 How would you describe the oddness of the following sentences, using semantic features? (浙江大学2004研)(a) The television drank my water.(b) His dog writes poetry.42 Do you think there are true synonyms in English? Why? (厦门大学2010研)43 What is the difference between meaning, concept, connotation, and denotation?44 What is sense and what is reference? How are they related?五、名词解释45 Conceptual meaning (四川大学2010研；武汉大学2007研；上海交大2006研)46 Contextual meaning (浙江大学2005研)47 Concatenation (四川大学2006研)48 Denotation (南开大学2004研)49 Semantic Triangle (大连外国语学院2008研)50 Lexical relations (上海交大2006研)51 Homonymy (上海交大2007研)52 Relational opposites (武汉大学2005研)53 Synonymy (西安交大2008研)54 Componential analysis (浙江大学2005研；北航2008研)55 Entailment (武汉大学2006研)56 Presupposition(武汉大学2004研)57 Polysemy (北外2010研)58 linguistic variable (北外2011研)六、举例说明题59 Please list and explain the 7 types of meaning recognized by G. Leech. (南开大学2004研)60 The British linguist F. R. Palmer argues that "there is no absolute distinction between gradable antonyms and complementary antonyms." Do you believe so? Support your view with examples.(南开大学2007研)61 Words in our mental lexicon are known to be related to one another. Discuss the relationships between words, using examples from the English language. (北外2003研)62 Categorize the following pairs: child - kid, alive - dead, big - small, husband - wife.63 How many semantic relations are there among sentences? Give examples.。

[考研类试卷]英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编11.doc[考研类试卷]英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编11一、简答题1 The following four sentences present four different usages of the word不过. Please discuss the distinctions and connections among the four usages, illustrating your points with your own examples where necessary.1)不过二年，君必无患。

2)他十七岁就结婚，一年后当了爸爸不过十八岁。

3)这是个乖巧不过的孩子。

4)我也没有长策，不过这种事情，其事已迫，不能计出万全的。

2 Comment on the following observation in about 150 words.(武汉大学2010研)"The meaning of a word is not an unanalysable whole. "3 When a teacher says "it's so hot in here" during a class, what does she probably mean? Refer to the theory of pragmatics when you analyze the situation.(人大2002研)4 A speech act consists of three related acts according to J. L. Austin's Speech Act theory. What are they? Analyze the following conversation in the light of Speech Act theory.(北航2008研) Customer; Waiter! There's a fly in my soup.Waiter; Don't worry, there's no extra charge.5 Explain speech act theory and list the different kinds of speech acts with examples for each.(浙江大学2004研)6 Discuss the following sentences in terms of violation of maxims in the cooperative principle.(浙江大学2007研)a. I think he was married and had a lioness at home.b. A: What do you intend to do? B: I have a terrible headache.c. A: Where've you been? B: Out.7 Discuss the following advertisement extensively: "你不理财，财不理你".(浙江大学2007研)8 Imagine you were at a bus stop and two people approached you one after the other. The first said哎，几点了?and the second said不好意思，打搅一下，请问您戴表了吗?What assumptions would you make if you were addressed in these two ways and why would you make them?(北外2007研)9 What kind of linguistic phenomenon can you identify in the following dialogue? Define, analyse and explain the phenomenon.(北外2010研)甲：上车请买票。

[考研类试卷]英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编3.doc[考研类试卷]英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编3一、填空题1 Sentence meaning is the combination of the meanings of the component wordsand______.2 The hyponyms under the same superordinate are called______.3 A perlocutionary act is the act performed by or resulting from saying something; it is the ______ of, or the______the utterance.（人大2004研)4 When a teacher says "The exam this year is going to be really difficult" , the sentence would have an______force.（清华2001研)5 There has been a maxim in______which claims that "You are what you say. "（中山大学2008研)6 The theory of conversational implicature was proposed by______.（中山大学2008研)7 Y's utterance in the following conversation exchange violates the maxim of______. X: Who was that you were with last night?Y: Did you know that you were wearing odd socks?8 Promising, undertaking, vowing are the most typical of the______.9 ______refers to ties and connections which exist within texts. They are also called formal links between sentences and between clauses.（人大2007研)10 ______ is the information that the addresser believes isknown to the addressee, while ______is the information that the addresser believes is not known to the addressee.11 ______represents what the utterance is about; ______is what is said about it.12 "Linguistic relativity" was proposed by______and______.（清华2001研)13 Language varieties other than the standard are called nonstandard, ______language.14 A speech______is a group of people who share the same language or a particular variety of language.15 A______language is originally a pidgin that has become established as a native language in some speech community.16 A linguistic______refers to a word or expression that is prohibited by the "polite" society from general use.17 Language itself is not sexist, but its use may reflect the______attitude connoted in the language that is sexist.18 In terms of sociolinguistics, ______is sometimes used to refer to the whole of a person's language.19 In many societies of the world, we find a large number of people who speak more than one language. As a characteristic of societies, ______inevitably results from the coming into contact of people with different cultures and different languages.20 ______is the mental process of classification, while______is the products of the preceding process.21 ______is an approach to the analysis of natural language that focuses on language as an instrument for organizing, processing, and conveying information.22 There are three aspects in basic-level categories; ______, ______and______.23 The type of language constructed by second or foreignlanguage learners who are still in the process of learning a language is often referred to as______.（中山大学2008研)24 Error is the grammatically incorrect form; ______ appears when the language is correct grammatically but improper in a communicational context.（中山大学2008研)25 In learning a second language, a learner will subconsciously use his L1 knowledge. This process is called language______.。

[考研类试卷]英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编27一、填空题1 Corpus linguistics deals with the principles and practice of using______in language study.(中山大学2005研)2 In the Phases IV of CALL Development, instead of writing specific programs for language teaching, ______has adapted to language teaching by enabling students to compose and try out their own writings in a non-permanent form.3 MT can be divided into two types: ______and______.4 ______a collection of linguistic data, either compiled as written texts or as a transcription of recorded speech.5 ______refers to the use of machine (usually computers) to translate texts from one natural language to another.二、判断题6 MT may commit those errors that no human translators would commit, such as wrong pronouns, wrong prepositions, garbled syntax, incorrect choice of terms, plurals instead of singulars.（A）真（B）假7 Around 1960, computer software is greatly improved and the first programming languages appeared.（A）真（B）假8 CAL especially refers to the use of a computer in the teaching or learning of a second or foreign language.（A）真（B）假9 Three types of knowledge are needed so that MT systems can be improved: semantics, pragmatics and common sense（A）真（B）假三、名词解释10 CAL(大连外国语学院2008研)11 CAI and CAL (武汉大学2008研)12 CALL (人大2006研)13 corpus linguistics (南开大学2004研)14 Concordance(北航2010研)15 Corpus四、举例说明题16 Read the following quote from Chomsky. What do you think about Chomsky's criticism and the revival of corpus linguistics? (中山大学2005研)It seems clear that the description which is of greatest psychological relevance is the account of competence, not that of performance, for anyone concerned with intellectual processes, or any question that goes beyond mere data arranging, it is the question of competence that is fundamental. . ..These rather obvious comments apply directly to study of language, child or adult. This it is absurd to attempt to construct a grammar that describes observed linguistic behaviour directly, . . . a direct record—an actual corpus—is almost useless as it stands, for linguistic analysis of any but the most superficial kind. . . .17 In what way are language and computer related, and how has their relationship affected language learning? (北外2010研)18 What is the relationship between MT and Human Translation?。

北语考研语言学复试题及答案一、名词解释1. 语言变异：指的是语言在不同社会群体、地域、语境中所表现出的差异。

变异可以是语音、词汇、语法等方面的。

2. 社会语言学：研究语言与社会之间的关系，包括语言变异、语言态度、语言政策等。

3. 语言习得：指个体从出生开始，通过与周围环境的互动，逐渐掌握一种或多种语言的过程。

4. 语言接触：不同语言或方言的使用者在交流过程中，语言元素相互影响的现象。

二、简答题1. 描述语言的任意性特征，并举例说明。

语言的任意性是指语言符号与其所指对象之间没有必然的、自然的联系，这种关系是社会约定俗成的。

例如，“猫”这个词在中文中指代一种动物，而在英语中则用“cat”表示，两者之间没有直接的逻辑联系。

2. 简述语音学中的音位和音素的区别。

音位是语音学中用来区分词义的最小语音单位。

音素则是构成音位的实际发音单元。

音位是抽象的，而音素是具体的。

例如，在英语中，“p”和“b”是不同的音位，因为它们可以区分词义，如“pat”和“bat”，但它们可能由相同的音素/p/和/b/发出。

三、论述题1. 论述语言的社会功能。

语言不仅是沟通的工具，它还具有多种社会功能。

首先，语言是社会交流的媒介，使人们能够分享信息和情感。

其次，语言是文化传承的载体，它记录和传播了人类的历史、知识和价值观。

此外，语言也是社会身份的标志，通过语言的使用可以表达个人的社会地位、地域归属和群体认同。

四、案例分析分析以下对话中的语言变异现象，并讨论其社会语言学意义。

- 甲：你今天去图书馆了吗？- 乙：去了，但是没找到那本书。

在这段对话中，甲乙两人使用了不同的语言风格。

甲使用了较为正式的语言，而乙则使用了较为口语化的语言。

这种变异反映了语言在不同社会语境中的使用差异。

社会语言学认为，语言变异是社会结构和个体身份的一种体现，它揭示了语言与社会群体之间的关系。

五、综合题1. 请结合实际例子，讨论语言习得过程中的关键期假说。

关键期假说认为，儿童在某个特定时期内学习语言的能力最强，这个时期通常被认为是从出生到青春期。

英语专业考研语言学试题 11. Peter ________come with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet.A. mustB. canC. mayD. will2. — Could you borrow your dictionary?— Yes, of course you ________.A. mightB. willC. canD. should3. A computer ________think for itself, it must be told what to do.A. can’tB. couldn’tC. may notD. might not4. I didn’t hear the phone, I ________asleep.A. must beB. must have beenC. should beD. should have been5. There was plenty of time, she ________.A. mustn’t have hurriedB. couldn’t have hurriedC. must not hurryD. needn’t have hurried6. The plant is dead. I ________it more water.A. will giveB. would have givenC. must giveD. should have given7. Very loud noises ________make people ill, hurt their ears, or even drive them mad.A. mustB. needC. canD. should8. He asked me for the dictionary many times; please tell him that he________have it tomorrow.A. mustB. needC. mayD. dare9. — Why is she still standing there?— She ________be waiting for her boyfriend.A. canB. mustC. dareD. need10. Two eyes________ see more than one.A. canB. mustC. mightD. shall11. What ________he mean? ________you tell me?A. can; MayB. can; CanC. may; MayD. must; Should12. How ________he say that his teacher was unfair?A. mustB. mightC. couldD. need13. It ________be very cold in this part.A. canB. oughtC. shallD. dare14. I’d like to ask a question if I ________.A. mustB. willC. mayD. might15. Even in summer the temperature ________suddenly drop below freezing.A. mightB. oughtC. mustD. need16. He decided to join the army so that he ________defend the country.A. may helpB. might helpC. helpsD. helped17. You ________always be talking like that.A. mightn’tB. mayn’tC. can’tD. mustn’t18. The car ________have broke down just when we were about to start off.A. mustB. couldC. mightD. should19. You ________see him while he is in hospital.A. have betterB. had betterC. would ratherD. had to20. There is a fine sunset; it ________to be a fine day tomorrow.A. oughtB. shouldC. has toD. has better21. You are his father, you ________take care of him.A. mightB. oughtC. ought toD. are able to22. That’s all. It ________be talked about any more.A. needn’tB. mightn’tC. darn’t toD. needn’t to23. The question ________discussing.A. needsB. needC. can beD. must be24. He ________even look out of the window.A. daren’tB. daresn’tC. dared not toD. dares not25. I’m so hungry that I ________find something to eat.A. have toB. wouldC. mayD. can26. All the students ________do their best for the modernization of our country.A. canB. shouldC. mayD. might27. You ________be careful with your homework.A. mustB. have toC. mayD. are used to28. It is getting darker. You ________not go home.A. had betterB. have betterC. would ratherD. would like29. I ________what happened to our school.A. would like knowB. would like to knowC. would like knowingD. would like that I know30. — Would you mind my changing the plan?— ________.A. Oh, no, pleaseB. Yes, I mind notC. No, I wouldD. Yes, I will31. — It ________ be Jack who is in the library.—I’m sure it ________be him, I saw him off at the railway station just two days ago.A. can’t; can’t eB. must; mustn’tC. must; can’tD. can’t; mustn’t32. I ________tell her the truth about his marriage.A. can’t helpB. can’t butC. may not helpD. mustn’t but33. Since she is angry, we ________.A. had better to leave her alongB. should leave her aloneC. would rather to leave her aloneD. must leave her alone34. Look! What you’ve done to me. You ________more careful.A. maybeB. had toC. should have beenD. would be35. ________read the letter for you?A. Would you like meB. Do you want meC. Will you mind meD. Shall I36. He promised he ________not make such silly mistakes.A. wouldB. shouldC. mightD. could37. ________it be true that his father will go abroad?A. CanB. MayC. NeedD. Should38. Those streams are so small that they ________be shown in the maps.A. mustn’tB. may notC. can’tD. may39. — May I use your bike?— ________.A. No, you may notB. No, you mustn’tC. No, you won’tD. Sorry, I’m afraid not40. — Must I write to her?— No, you ________.A. mustn’tB. shouldn’tC. can’tD. don’t have to41. — Need I start tonight?— Yes, you ________.A. doB. needC. mustD. may42. The old man ________sit for hours watching the ships.A. wouldB. shouldC. was used toD. would rather to43. If the telephone ________ring, please wake me up.A. wouldB. shouldC. willD. might44. I wish they ________stop making remarks about me.A. wouldB. willC. shouldD. shall45. You’re thirsty, aren’t you? ________he get some coffee?A. DoesB. ShallC. WouldD. Let46. Which of the following is wrong?A. That may be true.B. That might be true.C. That can be true.D. That could be true.47. — Would you lend me some money?— Yes, I ________.A. wouldB. willC. canD. may48. He ________ swimming when he was young.A. was used to goB. got used to goC. used to goingD. used to go49. You say you ________ not do it, but I say you ________do it.A. will; shallB. shall; shallC. shall; willD. will; will50. You ________out yesterday without a coat. No wonder you caught cold.A. should have goneB. shouldn’t have goneC. could not have goneD. might have gone51. He ________the 8:30 train because he didn’t leave home until 9:00.A. can’t catchB. couldn’t catchC. may notD. can’t have caught52. You ________us this because we had more than enough.A. needn’t bringB. needn’t have broughtC. mustn’t bringD. couldn’t have brought53. — He learnt the language in three months.— He ________very hard.A. must workB. might have workedC. must have workedD. might work54. — Who told you my telephone number?—I don’t remember. It ________Mary.—It can’t be Mary, she doesn’t know it.A. may have beenB. can have beenC. must beD. can be55. You ________him, why didn’t you?A. ought to thankB. ought have thankedC. ought to have thankedD. ought thank56. I ________have arrived a little earlier, but my car broke down.A. shouldB. couldC. canD. can’t57. — ________we go out for a walk?—Great. Let’s goA. ShallB. WillC. MayD. Should58. Though she was seriously ill, she ________ complete the work in time.A. wouldB. was able toC. was possible toD. might59. — Would you like to play chess with me?— Yes, ________.A. I’dB. I wouldC. I’d likeD. I’d like to60. Tom is late. He ________the wrong bus.A. must takeB. must have takenC. might takeD. could take英语专业考研语言学试题 21. Charles Babbage is generally considered ________the first computer.A. to have inventedB. inventingC. to inventD. having invented2. Little Jim should love ________to the theatre this evening.A. to be takenB. to takeC. being takenD. taking3. — I usually go there by train.— Why not ________by boat for a change?A. to try goingB. trying to goC. to try and goD. try going4. John was made ________the truck for a week as a punishment.A. to washB. washingC. washD. to be washing5. She reached the top of the hill and stopped ________on a big rock by the side of the path.A. to have restedB. restingC. to restD. rest6. She pretended________ me when I passed by.A. not to seeB. not seeingC. to not seeD. having not seen7. Though he had often made his sister ________, today he was made________by his sister.A. cry; to cryB. crying; cryingC. cry; cryingD. to cry; cry8. Tell him ________the window.A. to shut notB. not to shutC. to not shutD. don’t’ shut9. ________her sick to think of the matter.A. That madeB. That causedC. It madeD. It caused10. The woman’s job is ________after the disable children.A. lookB. looksC. lookedD. to look11. She ________to ________everything.A. demanded; tellB. demanded; be toldC. required; tellD. required; be told12. It’s time ________our league meeting.A. to beginB. beginningC. that we beginD. that we’ll begin13. That day I was the last one ________the experiment.A. madeB. makingC. to makeD. having made14. I’m hungry. Get me something ________.A. to be eatenB. to eatC. eatingD. to be eating15. Would you ________me to show you around the place?A. letB. likeC. mindD. care16. She is said ________the necklace.A. that she lostB. that she has lostC. to loseD. to have lost17. What do you think is the best way ________the problem?A. to settlingB. in which settlingC. to settleD. settling18. You are ________retell the story.A. oughtB. ought toC. expectingD. expected to19. I didn’t want the problem ________again.A. to raiseB. to be raisedC. being raisedD. be raised20. Have you had the nurse ________your son’s temperature?A. to takeB. takingC. takeD. taken21. First we should find a hotel ________for the night.A. to put up at itB. in order to put up atC. at where to put upD. at which to put up22. ________wake me up when you come in.A. You’d better not toB. You’d better notC. You hadn’t better toD. You hadn’t better23. I don’t think you need ________ today.A. to leaveB. to be leavingC. leavingD. being left24. We have been looking for the girl all the morning, but she is no where________.A. to seeB. to be seenC. being seenD. seen25. He should ________for what he has done.A. praiseB. be praisedC. have praisedD. to be praised26. He felt a stone ________his back.A. hittingB. to hitC. hittedD. hit27. I hurried to school, only ________out it was Sunday.A. findB. to findC. foundD. would find28. Here are some exercises that need________ after class.A. doneB. to be doneC. being doneD. to do29. I’ve been waiting for half an hour ________me the phone call.A. to giveB. for you givingC. of you to giveD. for you to give30. Everything ________smoothly.A. seems goingB. seems to be goingC. is seeming to goD. is seeming to be going31. It was thoughtful ________us the map of the city.A. of you to sendB. for you to sendC. of you sendingD. for you sending32. You are fortunate ________as a member of the club.A. being acceptedB. to acceptC. To have acceptedD. to have been accepted33. ________wasn’t pleasant ________up so early.A. He; to wakeB. He; to be wakenC. It; of him to wakeD. It; to be woken34. I find these problems are easy________.A. to work outB. to be worked outC. in working outD. to be worked them out35. How rude ________him ________a child like that.A. of; to treatB. for; to treatC. of; is to treatD. for; is to treat36. It was stupid ________him ________attend the lecture.A. of; to notB. of; not toC. for; to notD. for; not to37. It was impossible ________lost time to ________.A. for; make upB. of; make upC. for; be made upD. of; be made up38. The shoes are too large ________.A. to me to wearB. for me to wearC. to me to be wornD. for me to be worn39. ________was sorry________ made such a silly mistake.A. It; to haveB. It; havingC. I ; to haveD. I; having40. I’ll be delighted ________.A. when I’ll see you againB. to see you againC. that I see you againD. to have seen you again41. He was ________tired ________any further.A. too; walkingB. too; to walkC. so; walkingD. so; to walk42. Will you be ________kind ________make tea for me?A. so; toB. fairly; toC. so; as toD. fairly; as to43. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to ________.A. sitB. sit onC. be satD. be sat on44. I ________how to answer the question.A. puzzleB. am puzzlingC. have puzzledD. am puzzled45. Have you decided ________the party?A. whether you holdB. why to holdC. whether to holdD. if to hold46. He doesn’t know ________to stay or not.A. ifB. eitherC. neitherD. whether he ought47. Last summer I took a course on ________.A. how to make dressesB. how dresses be madeC. how to be made dressesD. how dresses to be made48. He hesitated ________ the medicine.A. takingB. about to takeC. whether he takeD. whether to take49. How do the birds know exactly ________ direction ________?A. which, flyingB. which; to fly toC. in which; to flyD. X; flying to50. —I don’t know ________with the problem.— Why not ________your teacher for advise?A. what to do; to askB. how to do; to askC. what to do; askD. how to do; ask51. I think he should get a job, but you can’t force him ________ if he’s not ready ________.A. to get; toB. to get; XC. to; X D; to; to do52. — Would you like to go to the ball?— Yes, ________.A. I’dB. I’d likeC. I’d like toD. I’d like to go53. —Aren’t you in charge of this?— No, and I ________.A. don’t wantB. don’t want toC. don’t want to be D am not54. ________the truth, I don’t want to go.A. To tellB. TellC. TellingD. In order to tell55. I’d rather read something at home than ________to the park in such weather.A. goB. to goC. goingD. went56. We could do nothing but ________Father for help.A. askB. askingC. to askD. asked57. He wanted nothing but ________in the corner.A. seatB. be seatedC. be seatD. to be seated58. It ________about two years________ such a big dam.A. takes; in buildingB. takes; to buildC. needs; in buildingD. needs; to build59. How much did ________cost ________the house?A. it; in rebuildingB. he; in rebuildingC. it; to rebuildD. he; to rebuild60. ________requires patience ________a good nurse.A. She; to beB. she; if she isC. It; to beD. It; if she is。

语言学考研真题及答案一、语音学部分以下是2019年语言学考研真题及答案的整理：题目一：下列哪个选项中的音素是塞音？A. [h]B. [p]C. [r]D. [m]答案：B. [p]题目二：下列哪个选项中的音素是元音？A. [s]B. [l]C. [i]D. [t]答案：C. [i]题目三：下列哪个选项中的音素是鼻音？A. [k]B. [n]C. [g]D. [w]答案：B. [n]二、语法学部分以下是2020年语言学考研真题及答案的整理：题目一：下列短语中，哪个可以作为主语？A. "在公园里跑步"B. "喜欢读书的人"C. "听音乐"D. "为他做饭"答案：B. "喜欢读书的人"题目二：下列短语中，哪个可以作为宾语？A. "开心地唱歌"B. "漂亮的花园"C. "给他礼物"D. "在海边散步"答案：C. "给他礼物"题目三：下列短语中，哪个可以作为定语？A. "跳舞的小孩"B. "在教室里学习"C. "大声地喊"D. "看电影"答案：A. "跳舞的小孩"三、语义学部分以下是2018年语言学考研真题及答案的整理：题目一：下列哪个词汇与“快乐”具有相似的意义？A. "悲伤"B. "生气"C. "开心"D. "愤怒"答案：C. "开心"题目二：下列哪个词汇与“大”具有相反的意义？A. "小"B. "长"C. "高"D. "短"答案：A. "小"题目三：下列哪个词汇与“美丽”具有近义词的关系？A. "丑陋"B. "普通"C. "漂亮"D. "丰富"答案：C. "漂亮"综上所述，以上是语言学考研真题及答案的简要整理。

语言学考研试题及答案语言学考研模拟试题一、单项选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 下列哪项不是语言的基本功能？（）A. 信息传递B. 情感表达C. 逻辑推理D. 社交互动2. 结构主义语言学的奠基人是（）。

A. 索绪尔B. 乔姆斯基C. 布隆菲尔德D. 萨丕尔3. 在语言学中，音位和音素的区别在于（）。

A. 音位是具体的，音素是抽象的B. 音位是抽象的，音素是具体的C. 音位和音素都是具体的D. 音位和音素都是抽象的4. 下列哪项不是生成语法理论的核心概念？（）A. 深层结构B. 表层结构C. 转换规则D. 语言行为5. 语言的任意性原则是由哪位语言学家提出的？（）A. 索绪尔B. 乔姆斯基C. 布隆菲尔德D. 萨丕尔6. 在语义学中，词义的最小意义单位是（）。

A. 语素B. 词汇C. 短语D. 句子7. 下列哪项不是社会语言学研究的内容？（）A. 语言变异B. 语言与性别C. 语言与年龄D. 语言的生物学基础8. 语言的同化现象通常是指（）。

A. 语言的消亡B. 语言的创新C. 语言的借用D. 语言的统一9. 下列哪项是语言接触的结果？（）A. 语言的分化B. 语言的融合C. 语言的独立发展D. 语言的隔离10. 在语言学中，词汇-功能语法是由哪位学者提出的？（）A. 韩礼德B. 乔姆斯基C. 布隆菲尔德D. 萨丕尔二、简答题（每题10分，共20分）1. 简述语言的萨丕尔-沃尔夫假说。

2. 描述一下什么是形态学，并给出一个例子。

三、论述题（每题30分，共60分）1. 论述语言的普遍语法理论及其对语言习得的影响。

2. 分析社会语言学中的“语言变异”现象，并讨论其对语言研究的意义。

参考答案：一、单项选择题1. C2. A3. B4. D5. A6. A7. D8. C9. B10. A二、简答题1. 萨丕尔-沃尔夫假说，又称为语言相对论，是由语言学家爱德华·萨丕尔和他的学生本杰明·李·沃尔夫提出的。