当前位置：文档之家 › 2020北京城区高三英语二模七选五汇总

2020北京城区高三英语二模七选五汇总

  • 格式：docx
  • 大小：32.88 KB
  • 文档页数：9

2020海淀二模Once considered an optional lifestyle choice, recycling has become a commonplace activity in most areas. One type of recycling, called downcycling, involves re-purposing a material into a new product of lesser quality. 46Downcycling is also known as downstream recycling. It is most common in terms of industrial materials. These products lose their value as they are recycled, which limits their capacity for new use. 47 White writing paper, for example, is often downcycled into cardboard; once downcycled to this new form, it can no longer be used as white paper again. Another example of downcycling includes the use of plastic components.Giving products a new life is considered a good way to reuse materials and avoid waste. Once downcycled to their full capacity, however, these materials are eventually so degraded that they cannot be reused further. Since downcycled products are considered of lower quality than their original form, they cannot be used in remaking their original product.48 Plastic, glass, and aluminium products coded with the number one may be remade into something of equal or greater value. This type of recycling is known as upcycling, and represents the forward compatibility of recycled components. Materials available for downcycling, such as water, juice, and milk bottles, are coded with the number two. 49Items available for downcycling often require additional chemicals, energy, and other treatments in order to transform them into something usable. Durable plastic products in particular require much additional treatment. Trash bins, tables, and chairs are also considered materials with a high energy cost to recycle.When a product reaches a code seven, it is considered no longer recyclable. 50 Since these products can no longer be made into new ones, they will either have to be reused or discarded, typically in a landfill.A.These recycled materials may often be put into new use.B.It can include varying grades of plastic, paper products, and other materials.C.Their recycled form is typically both weaker and cheaper than their original one.D.They may not be used to contain food-grade items again upon being downcycled.E . Products are provided with codes to determine their grades and whether or not they may be recycled.F. A code will determine the type of the recycled materials and give an idea of how many times they canbe recycled.G.This usually occurs when a substance is blended with other substances, such as different types ofplastic with various recycling codes.46.B 47. C 48. E 49. D 50. G2020西城二模Why does rain seem to make you sleepy?This spring on the east coast of the US, it feels like we’ve lost touch with the sun. In Washington, DC, 14 of the first 17 days of May were rainy. (46). It means that for me, Mary has been one of the months I’ ve felt the sleepiest. The dull weather can hit almost all of our senses in a way that gives a sign to us it is time for a sleep.First, there’ s what we see-or rather, what we don’ t. (47) When it's raining and skies are cloudy, we miss out our body's internal alarm clock. As Naomi, a scientist from Central on Queensland University said, when you don't see the sunlight first thing in the morning, your body never gets the signal that it needs to shift into daytime mode.(48) Plants produce oils during dry periods, possibly to stop seeds from developing. When it rains, the water brings out the oils and they mix with a chemical to create a "musky” smell. (49). Additionally, after a thunderstorm there's a chance you may smell ozone(臭氧), which is generated when lightning interacts with the air. Some compare its smell to that of clean bed sheets.Rain sounds are also comforting. The rhythmic pattern of rain hitting a roof, umbrella, or the ground below is called "pink noise." Pink noise is a category of background noise that has all of the frequencies that human can hear and has lower volumes at higher frequencies. According to someresearch, it may improve our quality of sleep by decreasing our brain activity. (50) The difficulty in waking up, the fresh, earthy scents, and the peace of the rain tapping on windows are enough to make anyone want to go back to bed for the day. Sadly, none of this evidence is enough to justify doing so; but it can at least explain why you may feel a little sleepy on these cloudy days.A. Noises can make us feel sleepier during the daytime.B. The others have been cloudy and dull for at least part of the day.C. That earthy smell of rain can make you feel calm and comfortable.D. It makes it easier for us to wake up from our sleep the night before.E. Sunlight causes our bodies to stop producing what makes us sleepy at nightF. And you'll also smell that when you are in your garden turning over your soilG. You can listen to an hour of rain on a window here, if you intend to test it out46. B 47. E 48. C 49. F 50. G2020东城二模At one point or another, you’ve probably heard someone speak with confidence on a topic that they actually know almost nothing about. This phenomenon is known as the Dunning-Kruger effect, which refers to the finding that people who are relatively unskilled or unknowledgeable in a particular subject sometimes have the tendency to overestimate their knowledge and abilities.In a set of studies, researchers Justin Kruger and David Dunning asked participants to complete tests of their skills in a particular domain. Then, participants were asked to guess how well they hadscores on the test.David Dunning explains that “the knowledge and intelligence that are required to be good at a task are often the same qualities needed to recognize that one is not good at that task.” In other words, if someone knows very little about a particular topic, they may not even know enough about the topic to realize that their knowledge is limited. Importantly, someone may be highly skilled in one area, butIf people who know very little about a topi c think they’re experts, what do experts think of themselves? Interestingly, Dunning and Kruger found that although experts typically guessed their performance was above average, they didn’t realize quite how well they had done. They often make aWhat can people do to overcome the effect? Dunning and Kruger once had some of the participants take a logic test and then complete a short training session on logical reasoning. After theAfterward, the participants who scored in the bottom 25 percent lowered their estimate of how well they thought they had done on the initial test. In other words, one way to overcome the effect may be to learn more about a topic.The Dunning-Kruger effect suggests that we may not always know as much as we think we do.to learn more and by reading about opposing views, we can work to overcome the effect.A. Researchers found that the training made a difference.B. They assume that everyone else is knowledgeable, too.C. This happens when people don’t know much about a topic.D. All of them had a more accurate view of their performance.E. They found that participants tended to overestimate their abilities.F. This means that everyone can potentially be affected by the Dunning-Kruger effect.G. In some domains, we may not know enough about a topic to realize that we are unskilled. 46．E47．F48．B49．A50．G2020朝阳二模The Buy Nothing MovementSocial media, magazines and shop windows bombard(猛轰) people daily with things to buy, and British consumers are buying more clothes than ever before. The average person spends more than £1,000 on new clothes a year, which might not sound like much. 46 A lot of consumer spending is by means of credit cards. British people currently owe about £670 per adult to credit card companies. Also, people are spending money they haven’t earned to buy things they don’t need. Britain throws away 300,000 tons of clothing a year, most of which goes into landfill(垃圾填埋地) sites.47 But charity shops can’t sell all those unwanted clothes. A lot of clothes that charities can’t sell are sent abroad, causing even more economic and environmental problems.48 The idea originated in Canada in the early 1990s and then moved to the US. On Buy Nothing Day people organise various types of protests and cut up their credit cards. Throughout the year, Buy Nothing groups organise the exchange and repair of items they already own.The trend has now reached influencers on social media who now encourage their viewers not to buy anything at all for periods as long as a year. Two friends in Canada spent a year working towards buying only food. For the first three months they learned how to live without buying electrical goods, clothes or things for the house. For the next stage, they gave up services, for example, haircuts, eating out or buying petrol for their cars. 49The changes they made meant two fewer cars on the roads, a reduction in plastic and paper packaging and a positive impact on the environment from all the energy saved. 50 But even if you can’t manage a full year without going shopping, you can participate in the anti-consumerist movement by refusing to buy things you don’t need.A. In one year, they’d saved $55,000.B. If everyone followed a similar plan, the results would be impressive.C. Online shopping means it is easy for customers to buy without thinking.D. Second-hand clothes are often of too poor quality to recycle in charity shops.E. But that figure hides two far more worrying trends for society and for the environment.F. However, a different trend arises in opposition to consumerism—the ‘buy nothing’ trend.G. People might not realise the problems because they donate their unwanted clothes to charities.46．E47．G48．F49．A50．B2020丰台二模One major reason Americans don’t get enough exercise is that they feel they don’t have enough time. It can be difficult to squeeze in the 75 minutes of aerobic (有氧的) exercise per week that federal guidelines recommend. 46In a new analysis of 14 studies, researchers tracked deaths among more than 232,000 people from the U.S., Denmark, the U.K. and China over at least five years, and compared the findings with people’s self-reports about how much they ran. People who said they ran any amount were less likely to die than those who didn’t run at all. 47 This was true even for those who didn’t log a great deal of time. The analysis divided people into groups, with 50 minutes or less per week representing the group that ran the least—but still ran. “Regardless of how much you run, you can expect such benefits,” says Zeljko Pedisic, one of the authors of the new analysis published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine.The analysis is the latest to illustrate the benefits of running on the human body. It’s what we evolved (进化) to do. 48 But as leisure-time exercise, running keeps us healthy. “One of the best ways to avoid having to see a doctor,” Zeljko says, “is to stay physically active.”49 Running is good at guarding against cancer partly because it uses up blood sugar, starving the cancer cells that rely on it for fuel. And it protects you in other ways not necessarily measured in the latest research: by decreasing inflammation (炎症), for example, which is at the root of many diseases, and stimulating the production of a protein that improves brain health.50 Neither were how often people ran and the pace they kept. As long as you’re running, more isn’t always better, especially given that the risk of injury increases with repetition.A.People may no longer hunt wild animals for their next meal.B.The physical demands of running affect our body in a beneficial way.C.Some people run to prevent disease, and others run because it makes them feel better.D.Runners were 27% less likely to die for any reason, compared with nonrunners.E.But researchers point out, to infer something like that, they need the whole population measured.F.But new research suggests people may be able to get life-lengthening benefits by running for farless time.G.The good news is that running more than 50 minutes per week wasn’t linked to additionalprotections against dying.46. F47.D48. A49. B50. G2020顺义二模Sustainable Fabrics （织物）of the FutureChoosing what to wear can be a difficult problem, especially if you5re a fashion victim. Trying to keep up with the latest styles involves regular visits to the shopping malls and sometimes paying for expensive designer clothes. But the fashion often changes. 46Many stores now offer cheap “fast fashion”一low-price items that copy the styles of more expensive designer brands. Environmentalists are angered by the amount of energy involved in making these clothes and that many of them are made from non- recyclable materials. 47Eleanor Lawrie, a BBC reporter, says that people in the UK are the worst in Europe for getting rid of unwanted clothes every year. And she says, " On top of often poor labour conditions for workers, the fashion industry is also responsible for 20% of the world's waste water, and 10% of carbon emissions （排放）.”This is something the fashion industry is becoming more aware of and has tried to find new crops of biomaterials to replace wasteful fabrics like cotton and leather. Examples include Pinatex, a leather-like material made from pineapple leaves. It's been used in collections by Hugo Boss and H&M.48 It is being used to create food, packaging and clothes.49 The current farming practice requires a massive amount of water and insect killer. Eleanor says, "About 15,000 litres of water are required to make one pair of jeans, while 95% of its material is cotton. " So, buying organic cotton is a better choice. And there is also Tencel, a natural product becoming increasingly popular. It's made by taking cellulose fiber （木质纤维素）from trees and its production is thought to use 95% less water than cotton processing.Professor Richard Blackbum from Leeds School of Design tells the BBC that creating sustainable fabrics is only part of the battle一buying reasonably, buying second hand and buying fewer clothes are obviously the more environmentally friendly choices for people. 50 If one can do that, he is starting to be sustainable.A.Cotton is a very resource-demanding crop to grow.B.And there's Mycelium, the root structure of mushrooms.C.Every year, a million tonnes of unwanted fabrics just get thrown away.D.Many of your clothes will then be left in the back of cupboards gathering dust.E.Recycled cotton can come from secondhand clothing or from fabrics' leftovers.F.This means the cheap fashionable items will have to be burned or go into landfill.G.One shouldn't consider buying any item of clothing unless he commits to 30 wears.46-50 D F B A G2020房山二模A study revealed that, in most occasions, the outcome on a given task can be improved whentwo people have helped each other instead of working on their own. As early as 1624 John Donne has already popularized the phrase ‘No man is an island’. And this is especially true, be it in the workplace, in doing scientific research, or working in events. One of the benefits of cooperation is that people can pool together their skills and wisdom towards a common aim. Because of this, they have a higher chance of being more successful. 46Teamwork promotes diversity. The very nature of teamwork requires a group of people from various backgrounds to come together and share their thinking.47 This level of diversity generates cultural understanding, increased communication through collective knowledge of approaches and a larger resource of opinions.48 Working within a team helps us to create an environment which inspires collective knowledge, resources and skills. Consequently, this allows us to pick some ideas and to reflect on our own way of thinking. Teamwork also encourages self-improvement because it helps us to expand our horizons and make better use of our own intrinsic capabilities. And since self-improvement helps us in seeking better ways to perform our role within a team, it improves both the efficiency and productivity of the team as a whole.Completion of task becomes easy. Each member has unique skills to help with the project. 49 For example, you may ask one person to do research, another to take charge of social media marketing, and another to look after delivery. Teamwork can get the most of each person’s strengths.50 For instance, tackling about climate change by researchers who come from different disciplines (学科) could potentially lead to ground-breaking researches. In the traditional research world,one researcher pursued a theme over several decades. However, academia is fostering a fresh research culture, whereby academic works advance through the creation of interdisciplinary research.A. Teamwork encourages healthy competition.B. It promotes peer learning and self-improvement.C. So a task can be assigned based on a person’s skills and expertise.D. There are many benefits we can gain out of teamwork and cooperation.E. The seeds of creativity and innovation spring from the exchange of ideas.F. As a result, different opinions and problem-solving methods can be formed.G. Cooperation has several benefits including shared risk, resources and knowledge.46. D47.F48.B49.C50.E2020昌平二模All book writing has to start somewhere, and the best place to kick off your manuscript ( 原稿) is by coming up with a great idea. 46 It can be an article you read from your local newspaper, a conversation you overheard at Starbucks, a recent experience you had during a vacation, etc. Y ouroverall idea should be narrowed down to one-to-two paragraphs, similar to the back cover copy you find on most books. When writing books, the idea is king. Always remember that.47 This doesn’t just mean fictional characters—memoirs ( 回忆录) and nonfiction books still have characters, even if those characters are based on real people. When you write your own book, you must ask yourself what makes this character unique, what is the No. 1 thing this character wants and what difficulties must he or she overcome to reach it. Readers love imperfect, yet relatable characters.48Maybe the most crucial step in the steps to writing a book, setting a deadline and sticking to it is essential. 49 Too many writers say they are going to write a book and, after starting strong, find excuses as to why they stopped (or are on a super-long pause from writing books). There are definitely reasonable reasons that could prevent you from book writing—help needed in the family, a health issue, etc. But if you’re serious about writing a book, you have to make time for it. Deadlines will push you to do just that.Y ou can spend as much time as you want reading tips for writing a book, how to write books and how to edit your novel—and you should spend some time doing that. Y ou should invest in studying the craft and learning how to write a bestseller. 50 Do it during your lunch break. Do it while waiting for the kids at soccer practice. Do it after everyone goes to bed. There’s no official book writing model, there’s just you, a pen and a paper (or a computer, of course).A.Strive to make your characters as interesting as possible.B.But you’ll never write a book if you don’t spend time writing.C.Now discover our best tips for how to write a book effectively.D.It’s time to further your writing career by diving deeper into deadline.E.Book ideas come in all shapes and sizes and can be found anywhere.F.It’s the difference between serious writers and those who are merely dreamers.G.H ow to start writing a book begins with an idea, but your idea needs to be carried out withwell-developed characters.46. E 47. G 48. A. 49. F 50. B2020密云二模You are given many opportunities in life to choose to be a victim or creator. When you choose to be a victim, the world is a cold and difficult place. 46 “They” are wrong and bad, and life is terrible as long as “they” are around. Or you may blame yourself for all your problems, thus internalizing(内化)your victimization. The truth is, your life is likely to stay that way as long as you feel a need to blame yourself or others.47 They know there are individuals who might like to control their lives, but they don’t let this get in the way. They know they have their weaknesses, yet they don’t blame themselves when they fail. 48 They believe their dance with each sacred (神圣的) moment of life is a gift and that storms are a natural part of life which can bring the rain needed for emotional and spiritual growth.Victims and creators live in the same physical world and deal with many of the same physical realities, yet their experience of life is worlds apart. Victims relish (沉溺) in anger, guilt, and other emotions that cause others—and even themselves—to feel like victims, too. Creators consciously choose love, inspiration, and other qualities which inspire not only themselves, but all around them. 49In reality, all of us play the victim or the creator at various points in our lives. One person, on losing a job or a special relationship, may feel as if it is the end of the world and sink into terrible suffering for months, years, or even a lifetime. 50 He may choose to first experience the grief, then accept the loss and soon move on to be a powerful creative force in his life.In every moment and every circumstance, you can choose to have fuller, richer life by setting a clear intention to transform the victim within, and by inviting into your life the powerful creator that you are.A. Whatever happens, they have choice in the matter.B. Compared with victims, creators are more emotional.C. One’s experiences determine his attitude toward life.D. Those who choose to be creators look at life quite differently.E. Another with the same experience may choose to be a creator.F. “They” did things to you which caused all of your pain and suffering.G. Both victims and creators always have choice to determine the direction of their lives. 46-50 FDAGE。

合集下载

2020届北京市西城区实验中学高三英语二模试题及答案解析

2020届北京市西城区实验中学高三英语二模试题及答案解析

2020届北京市西城区实验中学高三英语二模试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项APeople in the Middle Ages did eat with their hands. Personal utensils (餐具) were mostly unheard of, especially forks. There were spoons to help serve, but only special guests would receive a knife from the host. Everyone else would be expected to bring their own. Of course, eating with one's hands can be quite a sticky situation, so towels were provided to help diners stay at least somewhat clean as they ate.Still, dining was often a messy affair. At special occasions in the wealthiest households, women tended to dine alone, separate from the men. Women were expected to uphold a quality of grace. Eating greasy meat by hand would certainly not help! Once the men and women had finished their meals, they would come together to socialize.Dietary scholars of the Middle Ages believed that the foods in a meal needed to be served and eaten in order of heaviness. The lightest and most easily digested foods, such as fruits and cheeses, were eaten first to help the digestive (消化) system get started. Once digestion was underway, greens and light meats, such as lettuce, cabbage and chicken, could be eaten. Last came the heavier vegetables and meats, such as carrots, beans, beef, pork, and mutton. This method was considered the most healthful way to eat.The main and largest meal of the day was supper, and it was eaten at midday. Dinner was a light meal, and many of those in nobility (贵族) -the highest levels of the Middle Ages society-skipped breakfast altogether. Breakfast was considered unnecessary for those who did not perform physical work. Snacks and any other eating during the day were viewed the same way. Commoners, or the working class, were allowed to eat breakfast and small meals throughout the day.1. What did people in the Middle Ages usually do at the dinner table?A. They cleaned hands before meals.B. They used personal utensils.C. They had to use knives at dinner.D. They ate mostly with hands.2. What is the third paragraph mainly about?A. The order of eating foods.B. The weight of various foods.C. The principles of digesting foods.D. The list of healthy foods.3. Why did the nobility avoid eating breakfast?A. Breakfast was wasted for the nobility.B. Breakfast was viewed as unnecessary.C. Breakfast was considered as a light meal.D. Breakfast was saved for commoners.BThe English language is changing, and you are responsible! Whether we consider changes in grammar, spelling, pronunciation, or the very vocabulary of the language, you have played your part and continue to do so.When we first learned basic grammar and spelling, perhaps in elementary school, we might have gotten the impression that these things were sacred. The rules that apply to such things might have been presented as unchanging and unchangeable. While this way might be helpful for teaching children, it is far from accurate.The English language, like many others, is a living, growing, ever-evolving thing. Like it or not, you are involved in this change. These changes take many forms. Grammar and spelling have changed greatly over the years and centuries, with the spelling differences in different countries today a reflection of this. While the language of a thousand years ago might be called English, most of us would hardly recognize it today as the same language.The first involves changes in the pronunciation of words. Many are familiar with the differences between the British and American ways of pronouncing certain words. In addition to these differences, the pronunciation of many words has changed over the years because of how you have decided to pronounce them. For example, consider the word "err." The traditional pronunciation of this word rhymes with the word "her." Older dictionaries show this to be the primary or only pronunciation. However, in recent years, more and more people have been pronouncing it so that it sounds like "air." Another change in the language involves the addition and removal of words. The makers of dictionaries decide which words deserve to be officially adopted as part of the English language. Through the centuries, many words have come from other languages. In fact, English has probably done this more than any other language in the world, which is why spelling and pronunciation rules for English have so many exceptions.Of course, many slang words have been just short-lived fashions that have died out quickly. Others, though,have been adopted by mainstream society and become respectable, as have many technical terms. So then remember, the next time you repeat the newest expression to hit the street, or make up your own words, you may be contributing to the future of the English language.4. When we begin to learn English, we think _________.A. it is interesting to pick up a new languageB. English rules are wrongly presented in factC. grammar and spelling rules are unchangeableD. only adults have the ability to affect a language5. From paragraph 3 we can know that_________.A. we can change the English languageB. many languages are changing over yearsC. English has changed little in the past 1,000 yearsD. there were main changes in grammar and pronunciation6. Why is the pronunciation of words changing?A. people speak in different waysB. people have adopted foreign wordsC. it has been affected by American EnglishD. makers of dictionaries often change them7. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A. Foreign words involved in English.B. The British speaks differently from Americans.C. English language is changing over years.D. You can change the English language.CA crew（全体成员）of six teenage girls completed a nine-day sailing trip in the US recently, after having seasickness and strong winds.For the past three years, the Sea Cadet teenagers whoset sail were all male. Roger Noakes, who captained（担任队长）the boat, said this was the first time he’d taken out an all-female crew.The girls asked for an all-girls trip in August this year. The crew set sail along with three adults, Noakes and two Sea Cadet representatives. The original plan was for the girls to sail 24 hours a day in rotating shifts（轮流换班）along the coast and then return. Things turned out differently, however. “The first night was difficult because the wind was really hard. The waves were going up and down,” said Abby Fairchild,16. “Everybody got seasick.” Noakes gave the girls the choice of just sailing in the bay and not going into open water. “But they decided they were going.”The teenagers then sailed a long way overnight and slept in shifts. “We’ve learned everything from controlling the boat to putting up the sails while we have rough seas,” said 15-year-old Olivia Wilcox.The teenagers stopped on land in Massachusetts. They didn’t make it to their original destination（目的地）in Maine, where they were supposed to have a celebratory dinner, due to the weather and winds. They said they weren’t disappointed, however, as they’d learned a lot. “They learned about boating, and above all, they built confidence and character,” said Noakes.8. What was special about the Sea Cadet trip this year?A. It was the longest sailing trip ever.B. It was the first all-female-crew sailing trip.C. It was the most dangerous sailing trip ever.D. It was the first sailing trip for teenagers.9. What happened on the crew’s first day of the trip?A. They all felt sick on the boat.B. Some of them were hurt.C. Their boat was out of control.D. They went into open water by mistake.10. Which of the following best describes these young sailors?A. Strong-minded and having a strong sense of teamwork.B. Hard-working and having great leadership skills.C. Understanding and creative.D. Adventurous and skillful.11. According to Noakes, what was the sailors’ greatest benefit from the trip?A. They knew the sea better.B. They made many friends.C. They got excellent sailing skills.D. They developed good personalities.D“We are running out of space and the only places to go to are other worlds... Spreading out may be the only thing that saves us from ourselves. I am convinced that humans need to leave Earth.” These are the words of the famous scientist Stephen Hawking, spoken at a science festival inNorwayin 2017, a year before his death.Hawking was not alone in this view. Many experts feel that the only way for humanity to last far into the future is to colonize other planets. That way, if an asteroid, a terrible disease, nuclear war, or some other disasterstrikes Earth, civilization as we know it would still have a chance. Mars is one of the most tempting destinations. NASA, theUnited Arab Emirates, the private company SpaceX, and the organization Mars One all have plans to send humans there. “Either we spread Earth to other planets, or we risk going extinct, SpaceX founder Elon Musk said at a conference in 2013.But not everyone agrees that colonizing Mars or any other planet is such a great plan. The most common argument against going is that it’s just too expensive or dangerous. It will take huge amounts of money and other resources just to get people there, let alone set up a place for them to live. It’s not even clear if humans could survive on Mars. One of the biggest dangers there is deadly radiation that bombards the planet.Maybe all the time and money people would pour into a Mars mission would be better spent on more urgent projects here on Earth, like dealing with poverty or climate change. Some experts argue that handling a problem like an asteroid strike or disease outbreak while staying here on Earth would be much easier and less expensive than surviving on a new planet.In addition, moving to a new planet could harm or destroy anything that already lives there. Mars seems uninhabited, but it could possibly host microbial life. Human visitors may destroy this life or permanently change or damage the Martian environment. Some feel that’s too much of a risk to take.What do you think? Should humans colonize outer space or stay home?12. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Many experts insist that humans should take the risk.B. Mars is the most attractive destinations for human beings.C. Hawking firmly believes the only way to save humans is moving to Mars.D. All the other experts don’t agree with Hawking’s idea.13. Why do some experts disagree with the plan to colonize Mars?A. It will cost much more money to settle on Mars than on Earth.B. It is too long a distance from the Earth to the Mars.C. Human visitors will bring diseases to Martian environment.D. The deadly radiation that bombards the planet is the biggest danger.14. What’s the writing purpose of the passage?A. To raise people’s awareness of protecting the environment.B. To present different opinions on whether to move to the Mars.C. To arouse readers’ reflection on whether to colonize outer space.D. To inspire people to deal with the environmental problems.15. In which section of a magazine is the passage most likely from?A. Fiction.B. Current affairs.C. Social Studies.D. Science.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2020届北京市西城区高考英语二模试卷解析版

2020届北京市西城区高考英语二模试卷解析版

2020届北京市西城区⾼考英语⼆模试卷解析版⾼考英语⼆模试卷题号I II III IV V总分得分⼀、阅读理解（本⼤题共15⼩题，共30.0分）AIf you've always wanted to start your own herb or vegetable garden but don't have the yard space or the "green thumb" to pull it off，there's now another option．The OGarden Smart is an indoor gardening system that grows up to 90 plants at one time-20 of which are safe to eat．Strawberries，green beans，peppers，green onions，and cherry tomatoes are just a few of the fruits and vegetables the OGarden can grow．Up to 30 potted plants can be placed on a lower shelf，where the seeds are allowed to germinate （发芽）．Once they germinate，the plants can then be moved to the turning wheel up above，which holds up to 60 plants at a time．It takes about 30 to 40 days to harvest the produce，depending on the type of plant grown．The system is self-watering and uses automatic LED lights to provide the right amount of sunlight，no matter what season it is．The only work that's required is planting the seeds and refilling the water tank once a week．The OGarden Smart is the second product introduced by company co-founders Pierre Nibart and Pierre-Etienne Bourget，of Quebec，Canada．The original OGarden appeared in 2017，and the Smart upgrade adds a few new features，including automatic watering，automatic LED lighting，and a water warning system．Some reviewers of the original OGarden commented that the system is easy to use，and that the vegetables taste better than store-bought produce．The OGarden Smart will set you back ﹩859 Canadian dollars （about ﹩650 USD）if you order it on Kickstarter at a discounted rate，but the company's founders are quick to point out that it will help you save money in the long-run．The system lets you grow organic （有机的）produce at a small part of the price you'd pay at your local grocery store．To see some of the buying options available，check out the project's Kickstarter page．Any orders that are placed will be delivered this May．1.What is the OGarden Smart？______A. A self-watering system．B. A water warning system．C. An indoor gardening system．D. An automatic lighting system．2.What can you learn about the OGarden Smart from the passage？______A. It can be used all year round．B. It grows up to 60 plants at a time．C. It is designed for people who have a yard．D. It moves the plants from the shelf automatically．3.The OGarden Smart can help you save money in the long-run mainly because of its______ ．A. automatic upgradeB. free after-sales serviceC. low energy consumptionD. harvest of organic produceBAs the Camp Fire continued，killing at least 85 people and displacing thousands more in Northern California，Madison waited there．Gaylord，the Anatolian shepherd mix's owner，was not able to get to her home in Paradise，when the fire began to spread，meaning Madison was left behind．For weeks，all Gaylord could do was pray for Madison's safety，according to California-based animal rescue organization Paw Print Rescue．Sullivan，a volunteer with the organization，had already helped locate Madison's brother Miguel in a different city．But Madison was even more difficult to find．Sullivan spotted Madison a few times in a canyon （峡⾕），apparently guarding his land，and put out fresh food and water regularly in hopes that the dog would turn up，according to a Facebook post by Sullivan．She even placed an article of clothing that smelled like Gaylord near the home "to keep Madison's hope alive until his people could return，" Sullivan wrote．When the evacuation （疏散）order was lifted last week and Gaylord went back to her home-which had been ruined by the fire-her prayers were answered：Madison was there，seemingly protecting what little remained of his family's home．"Well，I'm so happy to report that Gaylord was allowed to return to her home today and THERE MADISON WAS He had stayed to protect what was left of his home，and never gave up on his people!" Sullivan wrote in the comment on her Facebook post．"I'm so happy I'm crying as I write this! He didn't give up through the storms or the fire!" she added．Soon afterward，Madison was reunited with Miguel for the first time since the fire broke out ．An emotional Gaylord said in an interview with the network that she was overcome with joy to see Madison waiting for her．She also expressed how grateful she was to Sullivan．Gaylord said fighting through tears，"You could never ask for better animals．He is the best dog．"4.What did Madison do during the Camp Fire？______A. He rescued Sullivan．B. He waited for Gaylord．C. He stayed with Miguel．D. He ran away from Paradise．5.Why did Sullivan place an article of clothing smelling like Gaylord near the home？______A. To keep Madison warm．B. To get Madison to turn up．C. To help Madison remember his owner．D. To encourage Madison not to give up．6.Where was Madison finally found？______A. In a different city．B. In a canyon．C. At a camp．D. At his home．7.What quality is emphasized in this story？______A. Patience．B. Unity．C. Devotion．D. Wisdom．CChoosing to forget something might take more mental effort than trying to remember it，researchers at The University of Texas at Austin discovered through neuroimaging （神经成像）．These findings，published in the Journal of Neuroscience，suggest that in order to forget an unwanted experience，more attention should be focused on it．This surprising result continues previous research on intentional forgetting，which focused on reducing attention tothe unwanted information through redirecting attention away from unwanted experiences or holding back the memory's retrievals （恢复）．"We may want to get rid of memories that cause nonadaptive responses，such as upsetting memories，so that we can respond to new experiences in more adaptive ways，" said Jarrod Lewis-Peacock，the study's senior author and an assistant professor of psychology at UT Austin．"Decades of research has shown that we have the ability to voluntarily forget something，but how our brains do that is still being questioned．Once we can figure out how memories are weakened and design ways to control this，we can design treatment to help people rid themselves of unwanted memories．"Using neuroimaging to track patterns of brain activity，the researchers showed a group of healthy adults images of scenes and faces，instructing them to either remember or forget each image．Their findings not only confirmed that humans have the ability to control what they forget，but that successful intentional forgetting required "moderate （适中的）levels" of brain activity in these sensory and perceptual areas （感官区域）-more activity than what was required to remember．"A moderate level of brain activity is critical to this forgetting mechanism．Too strong，and it will strengthen the memory；too weak，and you won't change it，" said Tracy Wang，lead author of the study and a psychology postdoctoral fellow at UT Austin．"Importantly，it's the intention to forget that increases the activation of the memory，and when this activation hits the ‘moderate level' sweet spot，that's when it leads to later forgetting of that experience．" The researchers also found that participants were more likely to forget scenes than faces，which can carry much more emotional information，the researchers said ．"We're learning how these mechanisms in our brain respond to different types of information，and it will take a lot of further research and replication （重复）of this work before we understand how to control our ability to forget，" said Lewis-Peacock，who has begun a new study using neurofeedback to track how much attention is given to certain types of memories．"This will make way for future studies on how we process，and hopefully get rid of，those really strong，sticky emotional memories，which can have a powerful effect on our health and well-being，" Lewis-Peacock said．8.Previous studies on intentional forgetting researched ______ ．A. the pattern of brain activityB. the process of recovering a memoryC. the way to reduce attention to unwanted informationD. the amount of attention required by intentional forgetting9.According to Tracy Wang，forgetting is possible when ______ ．A. people respond to new experiences in an adaptive wayB. the activation of the memory reaches a certain levelC. people have the strongest intention to forgetD. the information involves more emotion10.Lewis continues his study to find out ______ ．A. how to control people's ability to forgetB. where to apply the findings of his team's latest studyC. what effects upsetting memories have on people's healthD. if different types of information requires different levels of attention11.What is the best title of the article？______A. Where does forgetting take place？B. How does attention affect memory？C. Forgetting uses more brain power than rememberingD. Forgetting is far more difficult than we once imaginedDThe new social robots，including Jibo，Cozmo，Kuri and Meccano M．A．X．，bear some resemblance to assistants like Apple's Siri，but these robots come with something more ．They are designed to win us over not with their smarts but with their personality．They are sold as companions that do more than talk to us．Time magazine hailed （称赞）the robots that "could fundamentally reshape how we interact with machines．" But is reshaping how we interact with machines a good thing，especially for children？Some researchers in favor of the robots don't see a problem with this．People have relationships with many kinds of things．Some say robots are just another thing with which we can have relationships．To support theirargument，roboticists sometimes point to how children deal with toy dolls．Children animate （赋予…⽣命）dolls and turn them into imaginary friends．Jibo，in a sense，will be one more imaginary friend，and arguably a more intelligent and fun one．Getting attached to dolls and sociable machines is different，though．Today's robots tell children that they have emotions，friendships，even dreams to share．In reality，the whole goal of the robots is emotional trickery．For instance，Cozmo the robot needs to be fed，repaired and played with．Boris Sofman，the chief executive of Anki，the company behind Cozmo，says that the idea is to create "a deeper and deeper emotional connection …And if you neglect him，you feel the pain of that．" What is the point of this，exactly？What does it mean to feel the pain of neglecting something that feels no pain at being neglected ，or to feel anger at being neglected by something that doesn't even know it is neglecting you ？This should not be our only concern．It is troubling that these robots try to empathize with children．Empathy allows us to put ourselves in the place of others，to know what they are feeling．Robots，however，have no emotions to share，and they cannot put themselves in our place．No matter what robotic creatures "say" or squeak，they don't understand our emotional lives．They present themselves as empathy machines，but they are missing the essential equipment．They have not been born，they don't know pain，or death，or fear ．Robot thinking may be thinking，but robot feeling is never feeling，and robot love is never love．What is also troubling is that children take robots' behavior to indicate feelings．When the robots interact withthem，children take this as evidence that the robots like them，and when robots don't work when needed，children also take it personally．Their relationships with the robots affect their self-esteem （⾃尊）．In one study，an 8-year-old boy concluded that the robot stopped talking to him because the robot liked his brothers better．For so long，we dreamed of artificial intelligence offering us not only simple help but conversation and care．Now that our dream is becoming real，it is time to deal with the emotional downside of living with robots that "feel．"12.How are the new social robots different from Siri？______A. They are intended to teach children how to talk．B. They are designed to attract people with their smarts．C. Their main function is to evaluate children's personality．D. They have a new way to communicate with human beings．13.In Paragraph 3 Cozmo is used as an example to show that the social robots ______ ．A. are deeply connected with human beingsB. are unable to build a real relationship with childrenC. are so advanced that they can feel the pain of human beingsD. are not good enough to carry out the instructions of children14.The underlined phrase "essential equipment" in Paragraph 4 refers to ______ ．A. emotionB. painC. fearD. thinking15.Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage？______A.B.C.D. I：Introduction P：Point Sp：Sub-point （次要点）C：Conclusion⼆、阅读七选五（本⼤题共5⼩题，共10.0分）Healthy See，Healthy Do Visit the grocery store on an empty stomach，and you will probably come home with a few things you did not plan to buy．But hunger is not the only cause of additional purchases．The location of store displays （摆放）also influences our shopping choices．(1)The checkout area is a particular hotspot for junk food．Studies have found that the products most commonly found there are sugary and salty snacks．(2) A 2012 study in the Netherlands found that hospital workers were more likely to give up junk food for healthy snacks when the latter were more readily available on canteen shelves，for example．In 2014 Norwegian and Icelandic researchers also found that replacing unhealthy foods with healthy ones in the checkout area significantly increased last-minute sales of healthier foods．(3) It has been working with more than 1，000 store owners to encourage them to order andpromote nutritious foods．"We know that the stores are full of cues （暗⽰）meant to encourage consumption，" says Tamar Adjoian，a research scientist at the department，"Making healthy foods more convenient or appealing can lead to increased sales of those products．"Adjoian and her colleagues wondered if such findings would apply to their city's crowded urban checkout areas，so they selected three Bronx supermarkets for their own study．(4) Then they recorded purchases over six three-hour periods in each store for two weeks．Of the more than 2，100 shoppers they observed，just 4 percent bought anything from the checkout area．Among those who did，however，customers in the healthy lines purchased nutritious foods more than twice as often as those in the standard lines．(5) The findings were reported in September in the Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior．The potential influence may seem small，but Adjoian believes that changing more checkout lines would open customers' eyes to nutritious，lower-calorie foods．Health department officials are now exploring ways to expand healthy options at checkout counters throughout New York City．A．These foods give people more energy．B．They bought unhealthy foods 40 percent less often．C．And it may make or break some healthy eating habits．D．The supermarkets began to offer nutritious，lower-calorie foods．E．These findings caught the attention of New York City Department of Health．F．They replaced candies and cookies with fruits and nuts near the checkout counter．G．And a few studies have suggested that simply swapping in healthier options can change customer behavior．16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F.F G. G17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F.F G. G18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F.F G. G19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F.F G. G20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F.F G. G三、完形填空（本⼤题共20⼩题，共30.0分）The Gift of Forgiveness The summer I turned 16，my father gave me his old 69 Chevy Malibu convertible．What did I know about classic cars？For me，the important thing was that Hannah and I could (21)around Tucson with the top down．Hannah was my best friend，a year younger but much (22)．That summer she (23)with a modeling agency，doing catalog and runway work．A month after my birthday，Hannah and I went to the movies．On the way home，we(24)at the McDonald's drive-through，putting the fries in the space between us to (25)．"Let's ride around awhile，" I said．It was a clear night，hot，full moon hanging low over the desert．Taking a curve （弯）too (26)，I ran over some dirt and fishtailed．I then moved quickly through a neighbor's landscape wall and drove into a full-grown palm tree．The front wheel came to rest halfway(27)the tree trunk．There were French fries on the floor，the dash （仪表盘）and my lap．An impossible amount of (28) was on Hannah's face，pieces of skin hanging around her eyes．We weretaken in separate ambulances．In the emergency room，my parents spoke quietly："Best plastic surgeon （整容医⽣）in the city…but it is more likely the(29)of her modeling career…"We'd been wearing lap belts，(30)the car didn't have shoulder belts．I'd broken my cheekbone on the steering wheel；Hannah's (31)had split wide open on the dash．What would I say to her？When her mother，Sharon，came into my hospital room，I started to cry，preparing myself for her (32)．She sat beside me and took my hand．"I drove into the back of the car of my best friend when I was your age，" she said．"I completely (33)her car and mine．""I'm so sorry，" I said．"You're both (34)，" she said．"Everything else doesn't matter．" I started to explain，and Sharon stoppedme．"I(35)you．Hannah will too．"Sharon's forgiveness allowed Hannah and me to get back in the car together that summer，to stay (36)throughout high school and college，to be in each other's weddings．I think of her gift of forgiveness every time I tend to feel angry about someone for a perceived（可感知到的）(37)，and whenever I see Hannah．The scars （伤疤）are now(38)and no one else would notice，but in the sunlight I can still (39)the faint，shiny skin just below herhairline-for(40)，a sign of forgiveness．21. A. drive B. run C. wander D. march22. A. stronger B. healthier C. taller D. smaller23. A. competed B. chatted C. signed D. bargained24. A. stopped B. ate C. aimed D. stood25. A. catch B. share C. hold D. spare26. A. fast B. seriously C. softly D. slow27. A. across B. up C. below D. along28. A. blood B. petrol C. water D. sweat29. A. path B. base C. point D. end30. A. and B. but C. or D. so31. A. shoulders B. arms C. chest D. forehead32. A. anger B. regret C. sorrow D. concern33. A. attacked B. dragged C. damaged D. removed34. A. alike B. relieved C. injured D. alive35. A. help B. love C. understand D. forgive36. A. sisters B. friends C. classmates D. colleagues37. A. need B. effort C. wrong D. threat38. A. left B. marked C. shown D. faded39. A. touch B. see C. feel D. learn40. A. them B. you C. me D. her四、语法填空（本⼤题共1⼩题，共15.0分）41. A When I was in high school our physics teacher gave us a challenge (1) involved makinga paper airplane of any shape．The only objective was to get it to fly as far as possible．(2) （stand）at the starting line，one of my classmates took a piece of flat paper，crumpled （把…捏成⼀团）it up，and (3) （throw）it down the way．He beat the class with ease．Some of the students got mad and said that he cheated，but the physics teacher (4) （clear）explained it could be any shape and that a paper ball was indeed a shape．B Buildings around the world (5) （go）dark for 60 minutes this evening in a voluntaryevent known as Earth Hour．This grassroots effort started in 2007 in Sydney，Australia ，and has since grown into (6) global movement to raise awareness of our energyconsumption and the effects of climate change on our planet．Anyone can participate in this movement (7) switching off the lights at 8：30 PM local time．Last year close to 18，000 landmark buildings switched off their lights in 188 countries．Will you dim your lights tonight？C The story of Chinese fashion began in 2011 when Feiyue and Huili，both Chinesesneaker brands，suddenly gained international attention．Their products (8) （see）on models all over the world then．Last year，Chinese sportswear brand LI-NING was at the New York Fashion Week in September with new designs (9) （decorate）withChinese characters．Now the Chinese brands are impressive and ambitious and can go head to head with foreign brands．And this ambition may be due to the fact that China's young people are now more confident about (10) （they）own culture．五、书⾯表达（本⼤题共2⼩题，共35.0分）42.假设你是红星中学⾼三学⽣李华．你的英国朋友Jim来信说他在英国学校参加了中国书法俱乐部．擅长书法的你决定写⼀幅书法作品寄给他，并附上⼀封信．信的内容包括：1．该作品的内容；2．送该作品的原因；3．表⽰愿意提供帮助．注意： 1．词数不少于50；2．开头和结尾已给出，不计⼊总词数．提⽰词：书法 calligraphyDear Jim，Yours，Li Hua43.假设你是红星中学⾼三学⽣李华．毕业之际，你们班开展了感谢学校教职员⼯的活动．请根据下⾯四幅图的先后顺序，写⼀篇英⽂周记，记述活动的全过程．注意：词数不少于60．提⽰词：教职员⼯ teachers and staff答案和解析1.【答案】【⼩题1】C【⼩题2】A【⼩题3】D【解析】1．C．细节理解题．根据⽂章第⼀段The OGarden Smart is an indoor gardening system that grows up to 90 plants at one time-20 of which are safe to eat可知OgarySmart是⼀个室内园艺系统；故选C．2．A．细节理解题．根据⽂章第⼆段The system is self-watering and uses automatic LED lights to provide the right amount of sun light， no matter what season it is可知花园智能它可以全年使⽤；故选A．3．D．细节理解题．根据⽂章第四段The system lets you grow organic （有机的）produce at a small part of the price you'd pay at your local grocery store可知OGarden Smart能帮助你长期省钱，主要是因为有机产品收获；故选D本⽂属于说明⽂阅读，作者通过这篇⽂章主要向我们描述了⼀个室内园艺系统OgarySmart的优点．考察学⽣的细节理解和推理判断能⼒，做细节理解题时⼀定要找到⽂章中的原句，和题⼲进⾏⽐较，再做出正确的选择．在做推理判断题不要以个⼈的主观想象代替⽂章的事实，要根据⽂章事实进⾏合乎逻辑的推理判断．4.【答案】【⼩题1】B【⼩题2】D【⼩题3】D【⼩题4】C【解析】1．B．细节理解题．根据⽂章第⼆段Gaylord， the Anatolian shepherd mix's owner ， was not able to get to her home in Paradise， when the fire began to spread，meaning Madison was left behind盖洛德，安纳托利亚牧⽺⼈的主⼈，当⽕开始蔓延时，他⽆法到达她在天堂的家，这意味着麦迪逊被抛在后⾯．可知麦迪逊在野营之⽕期间他在等盖洛德；故选B．2．D．细节理解题．根据⽂章第三段She even placed an article of clothing that smelled like Gaylord near the home "to keep Madis on's hope alive until his people could return她甚⾄在家⾥放了⼀件闻起来像盖洛德的⾐服，"以保持麦迪逊的希望，直到他的⼈民回来．可知沙利⽂在家⾥附近放了⼀件带有盖洛德味道的⾐服为了⿎励麦迪逊不要放弃；故选D．3．D．细节理解题．根据⽂章第四段Well，I'm so happy to report that Gaylord was allowed to return to her home today and THERE M ADISON WAS He had stayed to protect what was left of his home好吧，我很⾼兴地告诉⼤家，盖洛德今天被允许回到她的家，麦迪逊就在那⾥！他留下来保护家⾥剩下的东西．可知麦迪逊最终在他的家被找到；故选D．4．C．细节理解题．根据⽂章最后⼀段 She also expressed how grateful she was to Sullivan ． Gaylord said fighting through tears， "You could never ask for better animals．He is the best dog她还表达了她对沙利⽂的感激之情．盖洛德热泪盈眶地说："你永远不能要求更好的动物，他是最好的狗．"可知这个故事强调奉献的品质；故选C本⽂属于说明⽂阅读，作者通过这篇⽂章主要向我们描述了主⼈和狗在⽕灾中的感情升华．考察学⽣的细节理解和推理判断能⼒，做细节理解题时⼀定要找到⽂章中的原句，和题⼲进⾏⽐较，再做出正确的选择．在做推理判断题不要以个⼈的主观想象代替⽂章的事实，要根据⽂章事实进⾏合乎逻辑的推理判断．8.【答案】【⼩题1】C【⼩题2】B【⼩题3】A【⼩题4】C【解析】1．C．细节理解题．根据⽂章第⼆段This surprising result continues previous research on intentional forgetting，which focused on reducing attention to the unwanted information through redirecting attentio n away from unwanted experiences or holding back the memory's retrievals 这⼀令⼈惊讶的结果延续了以往关于有意遗忘的研究，该研究的重点是通过将注意⼒从不想要的经历中转移或阻⽌记忆的检索来减少对不需要的信息的关注．可知已有的关于故意遗忘的研究了减少对不想要的信息的注意的⽅法；故选C．2．B．细节理解题．根据⽂章第五段Too strong， and it will strengthen the memory；too weak， and you won't change it，" said Tracy Wang，lead author of the study and a psychology postdoctoral fellow at UT Austin． "Importantly， it's the intention to forget that increases the activation of the memory，and when this activation hits the ‘moderate level' sweet spot这项研究的主要作者、奥斯丁⼤学⼼理学博⼠后特蕾西?王说："太强了，就会增强记忆⼒；太弱了，你也改变不了它．重要的是，它的意图是要忘记，增加记忆的激活，当这种激活达到‘中等⽔平'的甜蜜点时．可知根据TracyWang，遗忘是可能的当存储器的激活达到某个级别；故选B ．3．A．细节理解题．根据⽂章第六段We're learning how these mechanisms in our brain respond to different types of information， and it will take a lot of further research and replication （重复）of this work before we understand how to control our ability to forget我们正在学习⼤脑中的这些机制是如何对不同类型的信息作出反应的，在我们了解如何控制我们忘记的能⼒之前，我们需要对这项⼯作进⾏⼤量的研究和复制．可知刘易斯继续进⾏研究发现如何控制⼈忘记的能⼒；故选A．4．C．细节理解题．根据⽂章最后⼀段This will make way for future studies on how we process， and hopefully get rid of，those really strong， sticky emotional memories，which can have a powerful effect on our health and well-being，" Lewis-Peacock said这将为我们如何处理并希望摆脱那些对我们的健康和幸福有着强⼤影响的真正强烈的、粘稠的情感记忆的未来研究让路，"lewis-peacock说．可知⽂章的最佳标题是遗忘⽐记住需要更多的⼤脑⼒量；故选C本⽂属于说明⽂阅读，作者通过这篇⽂章主要向我们描述了关于遗忘记忆的研究成果．考察学⽣的细节理解和推理判断能⼒，做细节理解题时⼀定要找到⽂章中的原句，和题⼲进⾏⽐较，再做出正确的选择．在做推理判断题不要以个⼈的主观想象代替⽂章的事实，要根据⽂章事实进⾏合乎逻辑的推理判断．12.【答案】【⼩题1】D【⼩题2】B【⼩题3】A【⼩题4】B【解析】考察学⽣的细节理解和推理判断能⼒，做细节理解题时⼀定要找到⽂章中的原句，和题⼲进⾏⽐较，再做出正确的选择．在做推理判断题不要以个⼈的主观想象代替⽂章的事实，要根据⽂章事实进⾏合乎逻辑的推理判断．16.【答案】【⼩题1】C【⼩题2】G【⼩题3】E【⼩题4】F【⼩题5】B【解析】1-5 CGEFB1．C．细节理解题．根据前⽂"The location of store displays （摆放）also influences our shopping choices商店陈列的位置也会影响我们的购物选择"．可知此处应填"它可能会形成或打破⼀些健康的饮⾷习惯"．故选C．2．G．细节理解题．根据前⽂"Studies have found that the products most commonly found there are sugary and salty snacks 研究发现，最常见的产品有甜味和咸味⼩吃"．可知此处应填"⼀些研究表明，简单地更换更健康的⾷物就能改变顾客的⾏为"．故选G．3．E．细节理解题．根据下⽂"It has been working with more than 1，000 store owners to encourage them to order and promote nutritious foods该公司已与1000多名店主合作，⿎励他们订购和推⼴营养⾷品"．可知此处应填"这些发现引起了纽约市卫⽣局的注意"．故选E．4．F．推理判断题．根据前⽂"Adjoian and her colleagues wondered if such findings would apply to their city's crowded urban checkout areas，so they selected three Bronx supermarkets for their own studyAdjoian和她的同事想知道这些发现是否适⽤于他们城市拥挤的收银台区域，所以他们选择了布朗克斯的三家超市作为⾃⼰的研究对象"．可知此处应填"他们把糖果和饼⼲换成了收银台附近的⽔果和坚果"．故选F．5．B．推理判断题．根据下⽂"The findings were reported in September in the Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior该研究结果发表在9⽉份的《营养教育与⾏为》杂志上"．可知此处应填"他们购买不健康⾷品的频率降低了40%"．故选B．本⽂是⼀篇选句填空，⽂章主要介绍了空着肚⼦去杂货店，你可能会带着⼀些你不打算买的东西回家．但饥饿并不是额外购买的唯⼀原因．商店陈列的位置也会影响我们的购物选择．此题主要考查学⽣的细节理解和推理判断能⼒．做细节理解题时⼀定要找到⽂章中的原句，和题⼲进⾏⽐较，再做出正确选择．在做推理判断题时不要以个⼈的主观想象代替⽂章的事实，要根据⽂章事实进⾏合乎逻辑的推理判断．21.【答案】略【解析】A12．C13．C14．A 15．B=16．A17．B 18．A19．D20．B=21．D22．A 23．C 24．D 25．D=26．B27．C28．D29．B30．C41.【答案】【⼩题1】that/which 【⼩题2】Standing【⼩题3】threw【⼩题4】clearly【⼩题5】willgo【⼩题6】a【⼩题7】by 【⼩题8】wereseen【⼩题9】decorated【⼩题10】their【解析】1．that/which．考查连词，先⾏词是challenge，在定语从句中做主语，故填关系代词which或that．2．Standing．考查⾮谓语，one of my classmates与stand是主动关系，故填现在分词做状语，故填standing．3．threw．考查动词，and并列动词took，crumpled以及threw，时态保持⼀致，故填threw ．4．clearly．考查副词，修饰动词explain，故填clearly．5．will go．考查时态，将会熄灯⼀个⼩时，表⽰将来，故填will go．6．a．考查冠词，表⽰泛指，变成⼀个全球的⾏动，故填a．7．by．考查介词，通过熄灯，表⽰：通过，故填介词by．8．were seen．考查被动，主语是products，被看见，根据then可知使⽤⼀般过去时，故填were seen．9．decorated．考查⾮谓语，decorate与designs是动宾关系，故填过去分词做后置定语，故填decorated．10．their．考查代词，他们⾃⼰的⽂化，修饰名词使⽤形容词性物主代词，故填their．A：⽂章讲述了作者⾼中物理课扔纸飞机的故事；B：讲述了地球⽇的熄灯活动；C：中国时装品牌正在世界舞台⾛红．语法填空是通过语篇在语境中考查语法知识的运⽤能⼒，在解题前应快速浏览短⽂掌握⼤意，在读懂短⽂的基础上，结合短⽂提供的特定的语⾔环境去逐句分析．要解决好语法填空，离不开坚实的语法知识，有了坚实的语法知识才能对语⾔进⾏正确的分析和判断，从⽽答对题⽬．42.【答案】Dear Jim，I am glad to know that you have joined your school's calligraphy club．The calligraphy piece I sent to you was written by myself． I really hope you will like it．【要点⼀，表达愿意提供帮助】The Chinese characters on the piece are "天道酬勤" （Tian Dao Chou Qin），meaning "Hard work pays off．" It is a well-known Chinese idiom，widely adopted as a motto by Chinese people．There is a similar calligraphy piece hanging in the study at my home，which was written by my grandfather【⾼分句型⼀，which引导⾮限制性定语从句】．He gave it to me when I started to learn calligraphy at age six in hopes that I would practise i t often and learn it well【⾼分句型⼆，that引导同位语从句】．You see now my efforts have paid off．I hope it can serve as an encouragement to you at all times．I wrote this piece in the calligraphic style of my favorite calligrapher， Yan Zhenqing，a renowned master of the Tang Dynasty． His style is Kaishu， a standard script，suitable for beginners． I guess maybe it is the style that you are practising【⾼分句型三，it is…that强调句型】．【要点⼆，表达作品内容和送该作品的原因】I know it is not easy to learn Chinese calligraphy．If you have any problems during your study， I would be happy to help you．I sincerely hope you enjoy learning Chinese calligraphy!Yours，Li Hua【解析】【⾼分句型⼀】There is a similar calligraphy piece hanging in the study at my home，which was written by my grandfather．我家书房⾥挂着⼀幅类似的书法作品，是我祖⽗写的．which引导⾮限制性定语从句．【⾼分句型⼆】He gave it to me when I started to learn calligraphy at age six in hopes that I would practise i t often and learn it well．我六岁开始学书法时，他给了我，希望我能经常练习，学好书法．that引导同位语从句．【⾼分句型三】 I guess maybe it is the style that you are practising．我想可能是你练习的风格吧．it is…that强调句型．英语写作是⼀项主观性较强的测试题．它不仅考查学⽣的写作基础⽽且还考查学⽣在写作过程中综合运⽤语⾔的能⼒．在撰写时要注意主谓语⼀致，时态呼应，⽤词贴切等．要提⾼英语写作⽔平，需要两⽅⾯的训练：⼀是语⾔基础⽅⾯的训练，要有扎实的造句、翻译等基本功，即⽤词法、句法等知识造出正确⽆误的句⼦；⼆是写作知识和能⼒⽅⾯的训练以掌握写作⽅⾯的基本⽅法和技巧．43.【答案】Before graduation，in order to express our sincere gratitude to our beloved teachers and the hard-working staff， we prepared special gifts and "thank you" notes．【要点⼀，活动⽬的】Last Monday after class，our monitor came up with an idea to extend our appreciation to the school faculty【⾼分句型⼀，come up with提出】． After much thought，we decided to present them with cups featuring our class picture as well as write them "thank you" notes．Soon afterwards， we began our project． In the following two days，some of us wrote the notes conveying our heartfelt appreciation while others carefully folded the finished notes into the shape of a heart．We also logged onto a self-customization cup website in the school's computer room，。

北京市东城区2020届高三英语二模试题含解析

北京市东城区2020届高三英语二模试题含解析

北京市东城区2020届高三英语二模试题（含解析）本试卷共10页，共120分。

考试时长100分钟。

第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。

在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

As a child growing up ___1___ England, James Reynolds was always excited by thunderstorms. No w, he runs straight towards them as a “storm chaser”. Specialising in hurricanes and volcanoes, Reynolds travels the world to shoot pictures of Earth’s most extreme weather events. The pictures are used by TV news channels around the world. It’s a ___2___(danger) job though. He has almost been hit by flying window frames twice in the past 18 ___3___(month). However, he says the chase is always worth it for the places he has been to and the brilliant people he has met along the way.【答案】1. in 2. dangerous3. months【解析】这是一篇记叙文。

文章主要叙述了“暴风雨追逐者”James Reynolds的故事，他拍摄极端天气的照片，尽管危险，但他认为是值得的。

2024北京高三二模英语汇编：七选五

2024北京高三二模英语汇编：七选五

2024北京高三二模英语汇编七选五一、阅读理解（2024北京顺义高三二模）When fighting sugar dependence, avoiding added sugar in the diet is key, which sounds simple — right? It certainly does, but things become a bit more complicated once we introduce alternative sweeteners into the mix.1 Many people think that if they replace the sugar in their diet with alternative sweeteners, they’ll be good to go, but this isn’t necessarily the case.Alternative sweeteners are everywhere. 2 For example, Stevia is a popular sugar substitute (代替者) because it is up to 200 times sweeter than sugar and provides fewer calories. Mon k fruit is another example that is free from calories, sweeter than table sugar, and gained from the juice of monk fruit. 3 Sugar alcohols provide fewer calories than regular sugar because they are not fully absorbed by the body.Now that we know some of the common types of alternative sweeteners, let’s take a deeper dive into the problem with them. Research in animals has shown that removing calories from foods that taste sweet can interrupt the ability to control energy intake. 4 If we consume high amounts of alternative sweeteners, it may heighten our preference for sweetness, resulting in the overuse of sugar-sweetened foods and drinks.The other interesting thing about alternative sweeteners is that our brains don’t recognize them as “fake (假的)” sugar. 5 Whenever a food tastes sweet, a message is sent to the brain that communicates we are tasting a sweet food — which can further feed into the sugar dependence cycle.So what do I recommend? In order to fully put a definite end to sugar dependence, reducing your intake of alternative sweeteners should be the goal.A．The taste profile of alternative sweeteners varies.B．We can’t forget about the ever-so-popular sugar alcohols.C．There are countless alternative sweeteners on the market.D．Our brain senses something sweet and thinks it is real sugar.E．They may help reduce the calorie content of good-tasting foods and drinks.F．Artificial sweeteners may also cause one’s body to prefer sweeter-tasting foods.G．Alternative sweeteners are referred to as “low-calorie” or “no-calorie” sweeteners.（2024北京丰台高三二模）At the end of the day, most of us find ourselves on the couch, eyes glued to the television or to our smartphones, doing everything we can to conserve energy. 6 But are we hardwired (本能的) for it?According to Michael Inzlicht, a social psychologist at the University of Toronto, we’re lazy and also, we’re not.All humans, given equal options, will take the easy way out. Does it mean we’re lazy? Maybe. 7 We always minimize our effort and, at the same time, maximize the amount of reward we get for that effort. A study published in the journal Neuropsychologia found that our brains may be hardwired for laziness. Even though we know the benefits of exercise, we stay glued to the couch.8 We can’t know for sure whether there is an evolutionary (进化的) purpose to it. But that wouldmake sense. After all, before we were able to go to the grocery store, calories were much more directly linked to effort. Every calorie we burned meant more hunting, fishing, or gathering.But there are the times when humans are the opposite of lazy and do very difficult things for no apparent reason. Some rewards only come from extensive effort. 9 Running this far might even cause more harm than good in terms of running injuries like stress fractures, back pain and so on. But we do it anyway because putting in the effort makes us feel good, says Inzlicht. 10So, in that sense, effort is worth the effort. While humans are economically aware of effort most of the time, “in some cases, the effort itself is rewarding,” says Inzlicht.A．Think about things like running a marathon.B．It’s not completely clear why humans behave this way.C．It seems that we humans are gifted in the way of laziness.D．We similarly love to space out, our brain tired of focusing.E．But it certainly means that we’re economic with our effort.F．Some people who appear to be lazy are suffering from much more serious problems.G．Likewise, we might get a sense of pleasure or mastery from doing a crossword puzzle.（2024北京昌平高三二模）Everyone carries a shield（屏障）. Our shields protect what we don’t want others to see, from our embarrassing secrets to our unpredictable feelings. 11 But the problem is that shields can become heavy burdens — easy to put on yet difficult to remove — with terrible effects.Since shields encourage us to hide negative parts of ourselves, we can start to believe that we aren’t worth showing. We might fear how our friends will judge our struggles or how our families will view our ambitions.12However, we have to remember that we aren’t perfect, nor should we expect to be. We need to find and cure the wounds underneath our shields, but that means we have to let down our guard. We may even have problems we haven’t admitted to ourselves. 13 Even if it seems insignificant, every problem should be acknowledged before it grows. Before being cured, we must know that we need to be cured, and be okay with admitting that.Knowing this takes bravery and patience, so it’ll be hard. 14 Yet asking for help means admitting our problems to somebody else — it means letting them see what’s behind our shields. To make it easier, we can reveal ourselves to somebody close to us who we trust will understand us and provide personal support. Or, if we fear judgement, we can open up to someone distant but knowledgeable, such as a counsellor or a help line. No matter what, we can find help when we begin searching.15 We can be more forgiving of faults so we can become comfortable with ours and encourage others to follow. Most importantly, we can let people know that we are willing to listen and help and make it easier to let down our shields.A. This is not a bad thing.B. We need to be understood.C. We shouldn’t expect to do any of it without help.D. In short, we have the power to change this phenomenon.E. Hence we decide to hide ourselves underneath our masks.F. If you can’t trust your partner, it won’t be easy to let them in.G. Maybe we’re hiding something from a friend or scared to admit an error.（2024北京朝阳高三二模）Studies about sleep and employee behavior typically focus on various activities that occur within the body during sleep, and their impact on daytime cognition. New research adopts a different method. 16The researchers conducted three studies involving thousands of dreams recalled by employees. The first study asked participants upon awakening to rate the degree of awe (敬畏) and wonder brought by their dreams and to write down their biggest work problem. 17 Another one they answered was whether they envisioned anything good arising from the difficult work situation—a measure of resilience, which meant the ability to become strong and happy again after toughness. Those who found positive meaning in dreams reported higher levels of awe. 18 In the second study, participants who recalled a dream likewise reported its positive or negative meaning, and then wrote descriptions of the dream and what they took to be its causes and meaning. After work they answered questions about their resilien ce and progress on the day’s tasks. 19 The third study tracked similar measures among employees who participated daily for two weeks, and it looked at how naturally curious each person was. It found similar results about awe and showed that it raised resilience and productivity far more in the naturally curious.20 Awe can help people deal more effectively with challenges and progress toward goals. “Our research reveals how awe can be brought about at a time that has a critical impact on daily wor k outcomes,” the researchers write. “Employees could use dream journals and simple practices to ‘guide’ their nighttime visions, thus increasing their odds of having meaningful, awe-inspiring dreams.”A. A positive dream brings a sense of sudden insight, giving rise to awe.B. The increased awe was also proved to be associated with greater resilience.C. In fact, dreaming may help improve problem-solving skills in daily routine.D. Here, too, good dreams boosted awe and resilience, fueling progress on work goals.E. It finds that remembering a good dream can help people make progress in the day’s tasks.F. Researchers acknowledge that dreams may involve content related to waking experiences.G. They then answered the question about whether they thought the dream was positive or negative.（2024北京东城高三二模）Socrates, Galileo, Marie Curie, Einstein ... What did these great thinkers have in common? They all practiced deliberate doubt and used it as a tool to improve their thinking and generate creative ideas.21 It is about suspending our certainty and letting go of our preconceived（先入为主的）notions in order to explore new ideas and perspectives. When we’re certain of something, we tend to stop looking for alternative explanations or possibilities. 22 Doubt can, of course, be unsettling, but it can also result in a greater understanding of a subject and inspire fresh thoughts and insights.23 But it doesn’t mean we should use it all the time. While deliberate doubt can be a valuable tool for generating creative ideas and exploring complex problems, it can also be counterproductive if it is not practiced in the right way.It’s important to keep in mind that deliberate doubt is not constant doubt. If we’re continuously doubting our own ideas, we’ll be less likely to pursue them and see them through to completion. 24 We spend so much time doubting everything and end up not doing anything.25 We can become self-critical and unsure of our abilities, which can undermine our self-esteem. As aresult, we may be too afraid to try new things or take risks.To avoid these traps, it’s important to strike a balance between doubt and certainty, and to use doubt as a tool to stimulate creative thinking and exploration, rather than as a means of undermining ourselves or others.A. Deliberate doubt can also lead to a lack of confidence.B. But when we doubt, we’re forced to consider other perspectives.C. In this case, deliberate doubt can prevent us from making decisions.D. When practiced all the time, deliberate doubt can lead to a different belief.E. By turning doubt into a deliberate process, we open ourselves to new possibilities.F. Deliberate doubt is the practice of actively questioning our beliefs and assumptions.G. Deliberate doubt can help us to develop a more open-minded approach to the world.（2024北京海淀高三二模）Being sensitive means that you are observant, careful, and thoughtful. It can also mean you sometimes overinterpret or overreact to perceived criticism or judgment. If you tend to be a highly sensitive person, you are more likely to misread signals from others, sense social threats, and struggle to adapt to new circumstances. 26The power of insensitivity can be interpreted as “sluggish (迟钝的) power”. 27 For example, those working on complex research projects with “sluggish power” persist with focus and determination in the face of challenges such as tight deadlines and limited resources. Their resilience facilitates effective problem-solving, ensuring the successful completion of tasks despite obstacles.28 That is one of the important reasons why insensitivity allows a person to better survive and adapt in a competitive environment. Knowing oneself is difficult, but knowing oneself correctly is undoubtedly an excellent ability—a trait shared by many successful people, who all clearly know where their strengths are, what they can do, what they want, and what direction to go.Practicing insensitivity involves several key strategies. Firstly, be assertive. Express our needs and opinions positively and with confidence. Secondly, adopt a forward-looking mindset.29 Additionally, detach from external influences. Avoid excessive concern over others’ opinions and speculation on others’ thoughts. L astly, manage relationships. Recognize our personal responsibilities while respecting others’ boundaries. Don’t interfere with other people’s subjects and don’t let others interfere with ours either.30 Once you become a bit “blunt” and slow down the pace, you will feel more comfortable.A. Learn to view the problem as two parts.B. That’s where the need to be insensitive comes from.C. I hope everyone can obtain the ability to be insensitive.D. Behind insensitivity is a strong sense of self-awareness.E. Being a highly sensitive person can come with many challenges.F. It implies the ability to calmly face the setbacks and firmly move forward.G. Focus on long-term goals rather than the ups and downs of life at the moment.（2024北京西城高三二模）Want to write better? There’s a new book that says simple writing is best.Do you check your text messages before sending? 31 If not, you might prefer getting things done fast, even if they’re not perfect.This book argues that it’s important to write carefully, even for quick messages. Todd Rogers and Jessica LaskyFink, from Harvard, wrote “Writing For Busy Readers”. It’s smartly named because everyone’s busy today. People get lots of messages every day, from emails to texts. 32 Deciding what to read, skim, or ignore happens many times a day for almost everyone.The authors share good writing tips, like cutting unnecessary words and using simple words everyone knows. They say it’s important to keep sentences simple. They tested the idea that less is more. For example, they sent an email to thousands of school-board members asking them to take a survey. They made the email shorter, from 127 to 49 words, and got double the responses (from 2.7% to 4.8%). 33The same is true for text messages. In another test, they sent a short message asking parents to take a survey. It got more responses than a longer, more sympathetic one. Sometimes, being short and clear works better than being kind but ignored. It’s not just what you say, but how quickly you say it that matters.It’s not just about word count. 34 Reducing the number of options has the same effect. Short, active sentences with common words are best.From posts to online reviews, following these rules gets more likes and shares. Serious writers should pay attention too. A study found that companies using long sentences and complicated words were seen as less moral and trustworthy.35 It might be tempting to send messages quickly and hope for the best. But taking time to write for your readers has benefits. If you send a rushed message that readers ignore, it’s like you didn’t send it at all.A. If everyone is a busy reader, everyone is a busy writer too.B. They can also get puzzled by social media platforms.C. If you do, you probably like making even the simplest messages perfect.D. They found that longer messages make people think the task will take longer.E. Keeping messages to one idea, or as few as possible, helps make sure they’re read,remembered, and acted on.F. Your goal is to convey enough passion that your readers think the issue in yourmessage is worth caring about.G. Explaining the thinking behind your messages will allow readers to see that youknow what you’re talking about.参考答案1．G 2．C 3．B 4．F 5．D【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要讲述了在对抗糖依赖时，避免在饮食中添加糖以及替代甜味剂。