非谓语动词
一：基本形态及表达作用
1.一般式不定式（to）+ do
说明行为在谓语动词所表示的行为之后，多数是那些表愿望的词：want; hope; expect; wish 等。 I want to go home. I hope to see you.
说明行为与谓语动词表示的行为同时发生，多数是那些省略不定式符号的词，一般是复合宾语。 I saw him come in.
He helped him (to) carry things.
2.一般式动名词 V-ing
表示动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发出。 We enjoyed seeing the film. I am thinking
of taking over the job.
在动词insist on; rely on; count on(相信)等后表示动作在谓语动词表示的动作之后发
生。 He insisted on doing that work
在有些明确表示时间先后的动词和介词on; upon after代替完成动名词表示的动作在谓语
动词表示的动作先发生。 I remember seeing him before. On arriving Beijing, he went
to see his friend.
3.一般式分词
现在分词 v+ing
3.1.1持续性动词
说明分词表示的动作和句中谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。 He stood there speaking. Holding a book under his arm, he entered the room.
3.1.2终止性动词
说明分词表示的动作发生之后，句中谓语动词表示的动作立刻发生。 Entering the room, I found nobody in.
Turning to the right, you will find the post office.
过去分词
3.2.1通常说明分词表示的动作，此句中谓语动词表示的动作先发生。 Written in simple English, the book is easy to read.
I can't find my lost pen.
3.2.2说明分词表示的动作和句中谓语动词表示的动作并无先后。 He is a person
well-known in this country.
3.2.3代替完成式现在分词的被动语态。 Educated by the party, he became a brave
fighter.
4.完成式不定式 to+have done
说明行为动词在谓语动词表示的行为动词之前发生。 I'm sorry to have troubled you.
He is said to have come here.
He is thought to have done it.
He is believed to have done it.
He seemed to have known it.
在wish, hope, expect, intend, mean, suppose等动词过去时后，说明行为动词没有实现。We wished to have done this.
I expected to have left by then.
(=I had expected to heave by then.)
5.完成式动名词 having+done
说明动名词表示的动作，此句中动词表示的动作先发生。 We regret having told you the news.
After having finished his work, he went home.
He denied having broke the glasses.
6.完成式分词 having+done
说明分词表示的动作，此句中谓语动词表示的动作先发生。多数表示一些瞬时间动词。如果是hear; see或表示位置转移的动词arrive; leave; turn; open.不用完成时 Having finished his work, he went home.
Sitting down with him, we begun to discuss it.
Hearing this, he rose and went to the door.
二：非谓语动词用法对比
（一）不定式与动名词做主语：
1、动名词做主语往往表示普通的、一般的行为，不定式做主语常表示某次具体的行为。例
如：
Collecting information about children’s health is his job. 收集有关儿童健康的信
息是他的工作。
It’s ne cessary to discuss the problem with an experienced teacher. 与一位有经验的老师讨论这个问题是有必要的。
2、常用不定式做主语的句型有：
It’s difficult (important, necessary) for sb. to do
It’s kind (good, friendly, polite, careless, rude, cruel, clever, foolish, brave) of sb. to do.
3、常用动名词做主语的句型有：
It’s no good (use, fun) doing.
It’s (a) waste of time one’s doing.
