北京大学2004年博士研究生入学考试试题

北京大学政府管理学院行政管理专业黄恒学、白彦、梁鸿飞公共经济学考博参考书-考博分数线-专业课真题一、专业的设置北京大学政府管理学院共招生25人，复试权重40%。

本年度招收全日制转档学生不少于24人，招收全日制不转档学生1人（所有专业方向均可录取，以当年考生总成绩确定）。

共4个专业，分别是区域经济学、政治学理论、中外政治制度、行政管理。

二、招生专业及人数系所名称政府管理学院招生总数25系所说明复试权重40%。

本年度招收全日制转档学生不少于24人，招收全日制不转档学生1人（所有专业方向均可录取，以当年考生总成绩确定）。

招生专业：行政管理（120401）研究方向指导教师考试科目备注06.公共经济学黄恒学白彦梁鸿飞①英语、俄语、日语、德语、法语任选一门②政治经济理论与方法③公共经济学第6-8方向拟招收本校硕博连读生0-2人。

三、导师介绍黄恒学，出生于湖北省蕲春县。

先后获清华大学管理科学与工程专业工学博士学位、中国社会科学院经济学博士学位，自1993年起享受政府特殊津贴。

现为北京大学政府管理学院教授，公共经济学系主任，公共管理学、公共经济学博士生导师，政府经济学、行政管理、公共管理（MPA）专业硕士生导师，中山大学、国家行政学院兼职教授。

研究范围涉及公共经济学、区域经济、公共财政学、政府经济学、财政与税收、工商行政与市场管理、住宅政策与房地产管理、产业政策、组织管理等领域。

白彦：北京大学政府管理学院副教授，中国商业法研究会常务理事，法学博士梁鸿飞：北京大学政府管理学院副教授，经济学博士，研究方向，微观经济学与公共政策，公共信用与政府行为，金融机构管理育明教育考博分校解析：考博如果能够提前联系导师的话，不论是在备考信息的获取，还是在复试的过程中，都会有极大的帮助，甚至是决定性的帮助。

育明教育考博分校经过这些年的积淀可以协助学员考生联系以上导师。

四、参考书目（推荐）专业课信息应当包括一下几方面的内容：第一，关于参考书和资料的使用。

2011年法硕考研综合课真题与解析亲爱的同学们，如果您准备考法硕，那么法硕考研真题是必不可少的内容，凯程老师特别把历年法硕考研真题整理如下，供同学们参考，更多年份的真题，同学们也不用费心去寻找，凯程官方网站就有免费提供2010-2016法硕真题电子版，找客服索取即可。

凯程创建于2005年，已经有11年悠久历史，在法硕方面战绩辉煌，网站有很多学员经验谈视频，肯定对大家很有帮助，也是凯程辅导成果的展示，凯程开设有基本保录班、半年保录班、暑期集训营、百日冲刺集训营，飞翔标准班等课程。

下面发布的是2015年法硕考研真题。

凯程建立微信平台，并非是追逐新潮，而是为了开辟新的信息传播途径，论坛将通过微信平台为广大战友发布实用的信息。

主要有：一、发布凯程法硕通知：公益讲座通知、资料更新动态、必备书籍出版信息。

二、发布考试信息：报名时间通知、考试通知、部分复试调剂信息。

三、考前信息：凯程每年都会搜集一些考前信息。

四、其他凯程认为有价值，且广大战友需要的信息。

加入凯程微信平台方式：“凯程法硕考研”。

凯程法硕推荐名师阵容——这些老师的课程需要听，亲，你“造”么？刑法学：陈永生：北京大学法学院教授，博士生导师，法学博士，知名法硕辅导专家。

庄乾龙：中国政法大学法学博士，知名法律培训老师。

民法学：汪老师，清华副教授，博士后，多年的法律培训授课经验，好评如潮。

朱虎，中国人民大学法学院副教授，具有丰富的教学辅导经验，讲课生动而富有激情，善于把握法硕考研的重点、难点，被称为民法领域里的青年才俊。

岳业鹏：中国人民大学法学博士，人大民商事法律科学研究中心研究人员，北京化工大学文法学院副教授，硕士生导师。

田老师：民法博士，著名法硕辅导专家，应试性强。

法理学：白斌：中财法学院副教授，法学博士，授课非常生动，应试性极强。

马峰：法硕辅导专家，深谙考研命题规律，善于使用通俗易懂的语言将理论法学抽象艰深的知识点化繁为简。

授课风格幽默风趣又不失深度，注重帮助学员全面构建法学的知识体系，教学严谨、认真、讲解条分缕析、娓娓动听、思路清晰、渗透性、方向性极强、使学员顿悟法硕的考试体系和重要的考点，从容应对研究生考试，颇受广大考生追捧。

爱考机构考研－保研－考博高端辅导第一品牌外国语学院日语语言文学招生目录系所名称外国语学院招生总数141人。

系所说明其中拟接收推荐免试生47人（不含专业学位）。

参考书目及复试信息请访问外国语学院网页（）。

本院不提供往年试题。

招生专业及人数050108比较文学与世界文学 5050201英语语言文学18050202俄语语言文学8050203法语语言文学 5050204德语语言文学 5050205日语语言文学 3050206印度语言文学 6050207西班牙语语言文学 4050208阿拉伯语语言文学 4050210亚非语言文学16050211外国语言学及应用语言学7580101英汉笔译30580105日汉笔译15580205日汉口译15外国语学院日语语言文学考试科目系所名称外国语学院招生总数141人。

系所说明其中拟接收推荐免试生47人（不含专业学位）。

参考书目及复试信息请访问外国语学院网页（）。

本院不提供往年试题。

招生专业：日语语言文学 (050205) 人数:3研究方向01.日本语言02.日本文学03.日本文化考试科目1 101思想政治理论2 201英语一3 664综合考试4 917日语语言文学外国语学院日语语言文学专业简介日语语言文学专业一、北京大学日本语言文化系简介北京大学日本语言文学专业正式成立于1946 年（1987 年更名为日本语言文化专业），为我国高校中最早的日语专业，也是我国最早一批的日语语言文学硕士点（文革前就培养出过日语研究生），1986 年成为我国第一个日语语言文学博士点。

1999 年北京大学外国语学院成立时，日语教研室升格为日本语言文化系，下设日本语言教研室日本文学教研室、日本文化教研室，共有18 名专职教师，均有长期在日本留学或进修的经历，其中有13 人获得博士学位。

曾有徐祖正（文革前我国惟一的一位日语教授）、陈信德（其编写的日语教材、语法书、读物曾影响了整整一代人，其历史作用不可替代）、刘振瀛（我国第一名日语语言文学博士生导师，中国日语教学研究会第一任会长）等名师在北大日语专业执教。

Part Two：Structure and Written Expression（20%）Directions：For each question decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Mark your choices on the Answer Sheet.11．Whether the extension of consciousness is a “good thing”for human being is a question thata wide solution.A．admits of B. requires of C. needs of D.seeks for12．In a culture like ours, long all things as a means of control, it is sometimes a bit of a shock to be reminded that the medium is the message.A．accustomed to split and dividedB．accustomed to splitting and dividingC．accustomed to split and dividingD．accustomed to splitting and divided13．Apple pie is neither good nor bad; it is the way it is used that determines its value.A. at itselfB. as itselfC. on itselfD. in itself14．us earlier, your request to the full.A.You have contacted…we could comply withB.Had you contacted…we could have complied withC.You had contacted…could we have complied withD.Have you contacted…we could comply with15．The American Revolution had no medieval legal institutions to or to root out, apart from monarchy.A. discardB. discreetC. discordD. disgorge16. Living constantly in the atmosphere of slave, he became infected the unconscious theirpsychology. No one can shield himself such an influence.A. on…by…atB. by…for…inC. from…in…onD. through…with…from17. The effect of electric technology had at first been anxiety. Now it appears to create.A. boreB. boredC. boredomD. bordom18. Jazz tends to be a casual dialogue form of dance quite in the receptive and mechanical forms of the waltz.A. lackedB. lackingC. for lack ofD. lack of19. There are too many complains about society move too fast to keep up with the machine.A. that have toB. have toC. having toD. has to20. The poor girl spent over half a year in the hospital but she is now for it.A. none the worseB. none the betterC. never worseD. never better21. As the silent film sound, so did the sound film color.A. cried out for…cried out forB. cry out for…cry out forC. had cried out for…cried out forD. had cried out for…cry out for22. While his efforts were tremendous the results appeared to be very .A. triggerB. meagerC. vigorD. linger23. Western man is himself being de-Westernized by his own speed-up, by industrial technology.A. as much the Africans are detribalizedB. the Africans are much being detribalizedC. as much as the Africans are being detribalizedD. as much as the Africans are detribalized24. We admire his courage and self-confidence.A. can butB. cannot onlyC. cannot butD. can only but25. In the 1930’s, when millions of comic books were the young with fighting and killing, nobody seemed tonotice that the violence of cars in the streets was more hysterical.A. inundatingB. imitatingC. immolatingD. insulating26. you promise you will work hard, support you to college.A. If only…will IB. Only…I willC. Only if…will ID. Only if…I will27. It is one of the ironies of Western man that he has never felt invention as a threat to his way of life.A. any concern withB. any concern aboutC. any concern inD. any concern at28. One room schools, with all subjects being taught to all grades at the same time, simplywhen better transportation permits specialized spaces and specialized teaching.A. resolvedB. absolvedC. dissolvedD. solved29. People are living longer and not saving enough, which means they will either have to worklonger, live less in retirement or bailed by the government.A. in…for…upB. for…on…outC. by…in…onD. on…for…out30. The country s deficit that year to a record 1698 billion dollarsA. soaredB. souredC. soredD. sourcedPart Three: Close Test (10%)Directions: Read the following passage carefully and choose ONE best word for each numbered blank. Mark your answers on the Answer Sheet.2023 was the worst year for the record labels in a decade31 was 2023, and before that 2023 and 2023. In fact,industry revenues have been 32 for the past 10 years. Digital sales are growing, but not as fast as traditional sales are falling.Maybe that’s because illegal downloads are so easy. People have been 33 intellectual property for centuries, but it used to be a time-consuming way to generate markedly 34 copies. These days, high-quality copies are 35. According to the Pew Internet project, people use file-sharing software more often than they do iTunes and other legal shops.I’d like to believe, as many of my friends seem to, that this practice won’t do much harm. But even as I’ve heard over the past decade that things weren’t 36 bad, that the music industry was moving to a new, better business model, each year’s numbers have been worse. Maybe it’s time to admit that we may never find a way to 37 consumers who want free entertainment with creators who want to get paid.38 on this problem, the computational neuroscientist Anders Sandberg recently noted that although we have strong instinctive feelings about ownership, intellectual property doesn’t always 39 that framework. The harm done by individual acts of piracy is too small and too abstract.“The nature of intellectual property,”he wrote, “makes it hard to maintain the social and empathic 40 that keep(s) us from taking each other’s things.”31. A. As B. Same C. Thus D. So32. A. stagnating B. declining C. increasing D. stultifying33. A. taking B. robbing C. stealing D. pirating34. A. upgraded B. inferior C. ineffective D. preferable35. A. numerous B. ubiquitous C. accessible D. effortless36. A. so B. this C. that D. much37. A. satisfy B. help C. reconcile D. equate38. A. Based B. Capitalizing C. Reflecting D. Drawing39. A. match up with B. fill in C. fit into D. set up40. A. constraints B. consciousness C. norm D. etiquettePart IV: Reading Comprehension(20%)Directions: Each of the following four passages is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each question or unfinished statement, four answers are given. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each question. Mark your choices on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneCancer has always been with us, but not always in the same way. Its care and management have differed over time, of course, but so, too, have its identity, visibility, and meanings. Pick up the thread of history at its most distant end and you have cancer the crab—so named either because of the ramifying venous processes spreading out from a tumor or because its pain is like the pinch of a crab’s claw. Premodern cancer is a lump, a swelling that sometimes breaks through the skin in ulcerations producing foul-smelling discharges. The ancient Egyptians knew about many tumors that had a bad outcome, and the Greeks made a distinction between benign tumors (oncos) and malignant ones (carcinos). In the second century A．D．, Galen reckoned that the cause was systemic, an excess of melancholy or black bile, one of the body’s four “humors,”brought on by bad diet and environmental circumstances. Ancient medical practitioners sometimes cut tumors out, but the prognosis was known to be grim. Describing tumors of the breast, an Egyptian papyrus from about 1600 B．C．concluded: “There is no treatment.”The experience of cancer has always been terrible, but, until modern times, its mark on the culture has been light. In the past, fear coagulated around other ways of dying: infectious and epidemic diseases (plague, smallpox, cholera, typhus, typhoid fever); “apoplexies”(what we now call strokes and heart attacks); and, most notably in the nineteenth century, “consumption”(tuberculosis). The agonizing manner of cancer death was dreaded, but that fear was not centrally situated in the public mind—as it now is. This is one reason that the medical historian Roy Porter wrote that cancer is “the modern disease par excellence,”and that Mukherjee calls it “the quintessential product of modernity.”At one time, it was thought that cancer was a “disease of civilization,” belonging to much the same causal domain as “neurasthenia” and diabetes, the former a nervous weakness belie ved to be brought about by the stress of modern life and the latter a condition produced by bad diet and indolence. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, some physicians attributedcancer—notably of the breast and the ovaries—to psychological and behavioral causes. William Buchan’s wildly popular eighteenth-century text “Domestic Medicine”judged that cancers might be caused by “excessive fear, grief, religious melancholy.”In the nineteenth century, reference was repeatedly made to a “cancer personality,”and, in some versions, specifically to sexual repression. As Susan Sontag observed, cancer was considered shameful, not to be mentioned, even obscene. Among the Romantics and the Victorians, suffering and dying from tuberculosis might be considered a badge of refinement; cancer death was nothing of the sort. “It seems unimaginable,”Sontag wrote, “to aestheticize”cancer.41. According to the passage, the ancient Egyptians .A. called cancer the crabB. were able to distinguish benign tumors and malignant onesC. found out the cause of cancerD. knew about a lot of malignant tumors42. Which of the following statements about the cancers of the past is best supported by the passage?A. Ancient people did not live long enough to become prone to cancerB. In the past, people did not fear cancerC. Cancer death might be considered a badge of refinementD. Some physicians believed that one s own behavioral mode could lead to cancer43. Which of the following is the reason for cancer to be called “the modern disease”?A. Modern cancer care is very effectiveB. There is a lot more cancer nowC. People understand cancer in radically new ways nowD. There is a sharp increase in mortality in modern cancer world44.“Neurasthenia”and diabetes are mentioned because .A. they are as fatal as cancerB. they were considered to be “disease of civilization”C. people dread them very muchD.they are brought by the high pressure of modern life45. As suggested by the passage, with which of the following statements would the author most likely agree?A. The care and management of cancer have development over timeB. The cultural significance of cancer shifts in different timesC. Cancer s identity has never changedD. Cancer is the price paid for modern lifePassage TwoIf you happened to be watching NBC on the first Sunday morning in August last summer, you would have seen something curious. There, on the set of Meet the Press, the host, David Gregory, was interviewing a guest who made a forceful case that the U．S．economy had become “very distorted.”In the wake of the recession, this guest explained, high-income individuals, large banks, and major corporations had experienced a “significant recovery”; the rest of the economy, by contrast—including small businesses and “a very significant amount of the labor force”—was stuck and still struggling. What we were seeing, he argued, was not a single economy at all, but rather “fundamentally two separate types of economy,”increasingly distinct and divergent.This diagnosis, though alarming, was hardly unique: drawing attention to the divide between the wealthy and everyone else has long been standard fare on the left. (The idea of “two Americas”was a central theme of John Edwards’s 2023 and 2023 presidential runs.) What made the argument striking in this instance was that it was being offered by none other than the former five-term Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan: iconic libertarian, preeminent defender of the free market, and (at least until recently) the nation’s foremost devotee of Ayn Rand. When the high priest of capitalism himself is declaring the growth in economic inequality a national crisis, something has gone very, very wrong.This widening gap between the rich and non-rich has been evident for years. In a 2023 report to investors, for instance,three analysts at Citigroup advised that “the World is dividing into two blocs—the Plutonomy and the rest”.In a plutonomy there is no such animal as “the U．S．consumer”or “the UK consumer”, or indeed “the Russian consumer”. There are rich consumers, few in number, but disproportionate in the gigantic slice of income and consumption they take. There are the rest, the “non-rich”, the multitudinous many, but only accounting for surprisingly small bites of the national pie.Before the recession, it was relatively easy to ignore this concentration of wealth among an elite few. The wondrous inventions of the modern economy—Google, Amazon, the iPhone broadly improved the lives of middle-class consumers, even as they made a tiny subset of entrepreneurs hugely wealthy. And the less-wondrous inventions—particularly the explosion of subprime credit—helped mask the rise of income inequality for many of those whose earnings were stagnant.But the financial crisis and its long, dismal aftermath have changed all that. A multi-billion-dollar bailout and Wall Street’s swift, subsequent reinstatement of gargantuan bonuses have inspired a narrative of parasitic bankers and other elites rigging the game for their own benefit.And this, in turn, has led to wider-and not unreasonable-fears that we are living in not merely a plutonomy, but a plutocracy, in which the rich display outsize political influence, narrowly self interested motives, and a casual indifference to anyone outside their own rarefied economic bubble.46. According to the passage, the U．S．economy .A. fares quite wellB. has completely recovered from the economic recessionC. has its own problemsD. is lagging behind other industrial economies47. Which of the following statement about today’s super-elite would the passage support?A. Today’s plutocrats are the hereditary eliteB. Today’s super-rich are increasingly a nation unto themselvesC. They are the deserving winners of a tough economic competitionD. They are worried about the social and political consequences of rising income inequality48. What can be said of modern technological innovations?A. They have lifted many people into the middle class.B. They have narrowed the gap between the rich and the non-rich.C. They have led to a rise of income inequality.D. They have benefited the general public.49. The author seems to suggest that the financial crisis and its aftermath .A. have compromised the rich with the non-richB. have enriched the plutocratic eliteC. have put Americans on the alert for too much power the rich possessD. have enlarged the gap between the rich and non-rich50. The primary purpose of the passage is to .A. present the financial imbalance in the U．S．B. display sympathy for the working classC. criticize the super elite of the Unite StatesD. appreciate the merits of the super rich in the U．S．Passage ThreeCharles Darwin’s “On the Origin of Species”is credited with sparking evolution’s revolution in scientific thought, but many observers had pondered evolution before him. It was understanding the idea’s significance and selling it to the public that made Darwin great, according to the Arnold Arboretum’s new director.William Friedman, the Arnold Professor of Organism and Evolutionary Biology who took over as arboretum director Ja n．1, has studied Darwin’s writings as well as those of his predecessors and contemporaries. While Darwin is widely credited as the father of evolution, Friedman said the “historical sketch”that Darwin attached to later printings of his masterpiece wasintended to mollify those who demanded credit for their own earlier ideas.The historical sketch grew with each subsequent printing, Friedman told an audience Monday (Ja n．10), until, by the 6th edition, 34 authors were mentioned in it. Scholars now believe that somewhere between 50 and 60 authors had beaten Darwin in their writings about evolution Included was Darwin’s grandfather, Erasmus Darwin, a physician who irritated clergymen with his insistence that life arose from lower forms, specifically mollusks.Friedman’s talk, “A Darwinian Look at Darwin’s Evolutionist Ancestors,”took place at the arboretum’s Hunnewell Building and was the first in a new Director’s Lecture Series.Though others had clearly pondered evolution before Darwin, he wasn’t without originality.Friedman said that Darwin’s thinking on natural selection as the mechanism of evolution was shared by few, most prominently Alfred Wallace, whose writing on the subject after years in the field spurred Darwin’s writing of “On the Origin of Species.”Although the book runs more than 400 pages, Friedman said it was never the book on evolution and natural selection that Darwin intended. In 1856, three years before the book was published, he began work on a detailed tome on natural selection that wouldn’t see publication until 1975.The seminal event in creating “On the Origin of Species”occurred in 1858, when Wallace wrote Darwin detailing Wallace’s ideas of evolution by natural selection. The arrival of Wallace’s ideas galvanized Darwin into writing “On the Origin of Species”as an “abstract”of the ideas he was painstakingly laying out in the larger work.This was a lucky break for Darwin, because it forced him to write his ideas in plain language, which led to a book that was not only revolutionary, despite those who’d tread similar ground before, but that was also very readable.Though others thought about evolution before Darwin, scientific discovery requires more than just an idea. In addition to the concept, discovery requires the understanding of the significance of the idea, something some of the earlier authors clearly did not have—such as the arborist who buried his thoughts on natural selection in the appendix of a book on naval timber. Lastly, scientific discovery demands the ability to convince others of the correctness of an idea.Darwin, through “On the Origin of Species,”was the only thinker of the time who had all three of those traits, Friedman said.“Darwin had the ability to convince others of the correctness of the idea,” Friedman said, adding that even Wallace, whose claim to new thinking on evolution and natural selection was stronger than all the others, paid homage to Darwin by titling his 1889 book on the subject, “Darwinism.”51. According to William Friedman, Darwin’s “On the Origin of Species”is great in that.A. it was the most studied by later scientistsB. it had significant ideas about evolutionC. it was the first to talk about evolutionD. it was well received by the public52. Friedman believes that Darwin attached a “historical sketch”to later printings of his book in an attempt to .A. credit the ideas about evolution before hisB. claim himself as the father of evolutionC. introduce his grandfather to the readerD. summarize his predecessors work53. In Friedman s view, Darwin s originality lies in .A. his thinking on natural selection as the mechanism of evolutionB. his sharing ideas about evolution with his contemporariesC. the way he wrote “On the Origin of Species”D. the way he lectured on the ideas of evolution54. We have learned that at first Darwin intended to write his idea in .A. a much larger bookB. a 400page bookC. scientific termsD. plain language55. Scientific discovery requires all the following Expect .A. coming up with a new ideaB. understanding the significance of the ideaC. making claims to the idea by writing booksD. convincing others of the correctness of the idesPassage FourMany adults may think they are getting enough shut-eye, but in a major sleep study almost 80 percent of respondents admitted to not getting their prescribed amount of nightly rest. So, what exactly is the right amount of sleep? Research shows that adults need an average of seven to nine hours of sleep a night for optimal functionality. Read on to see just how much of an impact moderate sleep deprivation can have on your mind and body.By getting less than six hours of sleep a night, you could be putting yourself at risk of high blood pressure. When you sleep, your heart gets a break and is able to slow down for a significant period of time. But cutting back on sleep means your heart has to work overtime without its allotted break. In constantly doing so, your body must accommodate to its new conditions and elevate your overall daily blood pressure. And the heart isn’t the only organ that is overtaxed by a lack of sleeps. The less sleep you get, the less time the brain has to regulate stress hormones, and over time, sleep deprivation could permanently hinder the brain’s ability to regulate these hormones, leading to elevated blood pressure.We all hang around in bed during our bouts of illness. But did you know that skipping out on the bed rest can increase your risk of getting sick? Prolonged sleep deprivation has long been associated with diminished immune functions, but researchers have also found a direct correlation between “modest”sleep deprivation—less than six hours—and reduced immune response. So try to toughen up your immune system by getting at least seven hours of sleep a night, and maintaining a healthy diet. You’ll be glad you got that extra hour of sleep the next time that bug comes around and leaves everyone else bedridden with a fever for three days.During deep REM sleep, your muscles (except those in the eyes) are essentially immobilized in order to keep you from acting out on your dreams. Unfortunately, this effort your body makes to keep you safe while dreaming can sometimes backfire,resulting in sleep paralysis. Sleep paralysis occurs when the brain is aroused from its REM cycle, but the body remains in its immobilizing state. This can be quite a frightening sensation because, while your mind is slowly regaining consciousness, it has no control over your body, leaving some with a feeling of powerlessness, fear and panic. Most people experience this eerie phenomena at least once in their lives, but those who are sleep deprived are more likely to have panicked episodes of sleep paralysis that are usually accompanied by hallucinations, as well.For a second, imagine all of your memories are erased; every birthday, summer vacation, even what you did yesterday afternoon is completely lost, because you have no recollection of them.It’s a chilling thought, but that is what a life without sleep would be like. Sleep is essential to the cognitive functions of the brain, and without it, our ability to consolidate memories, learn daily tasks, and make decisions is impaired by a large degree. Research has revealed that REM sleep, or dream-sleep, helps solidify the “fragile”memories the brain creates throughout the day to that they can be easily organized and stored in the mind’s long-term cache.56. According to the passage, what is the meaning of “sleep deprivation”?A. To sleep for an average period of time.B. To sleep deeply without dreaming.C. To sleep less than needed.D. To sleep modestly.57. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to Paragraph 3?A. When everyone else gets a fever, those with sleep deprivation will be abele to sleep longer.B. When everyone else gets a fever, those who usually have adequate sleep will be alright.C. Only modest sleep deprivation could weaken the immune system.D. Prolonged sleep deprivation will not have impact on the immune system.58. Why is there the so-called “sleep paralysis”?A. It occurs when you are unable to wake up from dreams while you are sleeping.B. It occurs when you brain immobilizes your body in order to keep you from dreaming.C. Because you are usually too frightened to move your body when waking up from deep REM sleep.D. Because your body, immobilized when dreaming, may still be unable to move even when your brain is waking up.59.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the last paragraph?A. Memories are part of the cognitive function of the brain.B. Memories created during the daytime are usually fragile and impaired.C. You are likely to lose your memories of yesterday after a night’s sleep.D. Long term memory cannot be formed without dream-sleep.60. What effects of sleep deprivation on human mind and body are discussed in this passage?A. High blood pressure, a toughened immune system, sleep paralysis, and memory loss.B. Blood pressure, immune system, sleep paralysis, and long term memory.C. Blood pressure, immune system, the brain and the body, and memory.D. High blood pressure, a weakened immune system, sleep paralysis, and memory loss.Part V: Proofreading (15%)Directions: In the following passage, there are altogether 15 mistakes, ONE in each numbered and underlined part. You may have to change a word, add a word, or just delete a word. If you change a word, cross it with a slash (/) and write the correct word beside it. If you add a word, write the missing word between the words ( in brackets )immediately before and after it. If you delete a word, cross it out with a slash (/). Put your answer on the Answer Sheet (2).Examples:eg. 1(61) The meeting begun 2 hours ago.Correction put on the Answer Sheet (2): (61) begun beganeg. 2(62) Scarcely they settled themselves in their seats in the theatre when the curtain went up .Correction put on the Answer Sheet (2): (62) (Scarcely) had (they)eg. 3(63) Never will I not do it again.Correction put on the Answer Sheet (2): (63)notWal-Mart announced Thursday afternoon that it would introduce a program nationwide called (61) “Pick Up Today”that allows customers to submit orders online and pick up their items few hours later in their local store. (62) The move is not revolutionary—Sears and Nordstrom, as instance, already have similar programs.(63) Retailers say that tying online and in-store inventory together lets them to sell more products. (64) Nordstrom recently combined its inventory so that if the online stockroom is out of a jacket, a store that has it can ship to the Web customer. (65) Encourage customers to retrieve items they have ordered online in a store increases visits to the stores, which usually increases sales. (66) Best Buy offers both store pickup and “ship to store,”where items are shipped free from a local store. Ace Hardware, J．C．Penney and Wal-Mart itself are among the others offering “ship to store”programs.In Wal-Mart’s program, (67) that is expected to be nationwide by June, customers can select from among 40,000 items online. (68) They will send a text message or e-mail alerting them when the order is ready, which usually takes about four hours.(69) “Not only we see it as a nice convenience for customers, but we also saw it as a way to drive incremental traffic to the stores, and incremental sales,”said Steve Nave, senior vice president and general manager of Walmar t．Com.(70) The program will include about 40000 items likewise electronics, toys, home décor and sporting goods. (71) As of now, it does not include groceries, though M r．Nave did dismiss that possibility.(72) “We’re not ready to talk today about everything that’s going on in grocery,”he said“What we’ve tried to do is (73) focus on those categories where customers are most likely to be willing to make the purchase after they touch it or look at it.(74) This is a convenient play, trying to figure out what are the things that are going to drive more customers into the stores.”Wal-Mart also announced that (75) it was shortened the time customers would have to wait for ship-to-store items, to four to seven days, from seven to 10 days.Part VI: Writing (15%)。

2017年北京师范大学翻译硕士考研必读信息一、北京师范大学翻译硕士专业简介北京师范大学翻译硕士（Master of Translation and Interpreting）培养单位设置在外国语言文学学院MTI教育中心。

学院自1988年9月起招收翻译方向硕士研究生，培养了100多名优秀的硕士毕业生。

2010年9月，本院招收第一届翻译硕士专业学位研究生，至今已有六届，共181名。

2016年招收的全日制翻译硕士将结合我校在教师教育、教育技术、文化传播等学科毕业生在人才市场上的优势，侧重培养相关领域的英语笔译、语言服务及管理方向的人才。

为适应我国改革开放和社会主义现代化建设事业发展的需要，促进中外交流，培养高层次、应用型高级翻译专门人才，国务院学位委员会2007年决定在我国设置翻译硕士专业学位。

翻译硕士专业学位（其英文名称为Master of Translation and Interpreting,英文缩写为MTI）的培养目标为具有专业口笔译能力的高级翻译人才。

他们应具有较强的语言运用能力、熟练的翻译技能和宽广的知识面，能够胜任不同专业领域所需的高级翻译工作。

北京师范大学翻译硕士培养的是英语笔译高级翻译人才。

本资料由育明教育独家整理，更多高质量资料下载来源：（育明教育官翻译硕士的招生对象一般为学士学位获得者；鼓励非外语专业毕业生及有口笔译实践经验者报考。

二、北京师范大学翻译硕士考研目录及参考书目1初试科目①101-思想政治理论（满分100分）②211-翻译硕士英语（满分100分）③357-英语翻译基础（满分150分）④448-汉语写作与百科知识（满分150分）1以上考试科目中，101-思想政治理论为国家统考科目，请参考教育部考试中心统一编制的最新考试大纲。

2211-翻译硕士英语、357-英语翻译基础、448-汉语写作与百科知识科目参考用书1-庄绎传，《英汉翻译简明教程》北京：外语教学与研究出版社，20022-叶子南，《高级英汉翻译理论与实践》北京：清华大学出版社，20013-张汉熙，《高级英语》（修订本）第1、2册北京：外语教学与研究出版社，19954-张卫平，《英语报刊选读》北京：外语教学与研究出版社，20055-张岱年，《中国文化概论》北京：北京师范大学出版社，2004、20106-夏晓鸣，《应用文写作》上海：复旦大学出版社，20107-《翻译硕士英语真题解析》天津科技翻译出版社8-《汉语写作与百科知识真题解析》天津科技翻译出版社本资料由育明教育独家整理，更多高质量资料下载来源：（育明教育官9-《汉语写作与百科知识》天津科技翻译出版社三、招生人数和报考条件1招生人数北京师范大学2016年计划招收翻译硕士专业学位研究生70人，其中接收推荐免试生人数为35人左右。

北京大学招收经济学硕士和博士研究生北京大学中国经济研究中心根据国家教委和北京大学的有关规定在择优录取的基础上招收经济学硕士和博士研究生。

本中心研究生培养方案立足中国、面向世界，强调坚实的基本经济理论和数量方法的训练，注重培养研究生“勤奋、严谨、求实、创新”的优良学风和分析解决中国经济改革和政策制定中的实际问题的能力, 以适应中国社会主义现代化建设和21世纪对具有国际竞争力的高层次经济管理人才的需要。

经济中心1996年开始招收研究生，至今已招11届。

在读博士研究生约40人，硕士研究生约200人。

历年报名情况：一、博士项目：中国正处于数百年来最好的时代，正面临着前所未有的历史机遇，但是要实现改革和发展的目标，需要吸引更多的有识之士的加盟，需要培养更多经济管理的精英人才。

北京大学中国经济研究中心未来的战略目标是培养真正能够解决中国问题的经济学人才，同时也为世界培养研究中国经济的专家，经济中心将重点培养博士研究生。

1、中心各专业主要博士生导师，7个专业（研究方向同下）：发展经济学林毅夫、赵耀辉、姚洋、曾毅、沈明高经济史周其仁西方经济学易纲、宋国青、胡大源、平新乔、汪丁丁、樊纲、李玲、施建淮、汪浩、沈艳、何茵、曾志雄世界经济海闻金融学陈平、霍德明、朱家祥、巫和懋政治经济学卢锋企业管理梁能、马浩、张黎、龚强、研究方向上网查询：/研究生院/博士招生2、经济中心博士招生主要招直博生和硕博连读学生，对外招生情况请及时查阅中心网页：二、硕士项目：1、中心现设7个专业：政治经济学农业经济学城市与环境经济经济史中国近代经济史西方经济史西方经济学人力资源和劳动经济学发展经济学货币、银行与金融市场经济计量学工业组织理论环境和资源经济学微观经济学宏观经济学制度经济学规制经济学卫生经济学世界经济国际经济学世界经济金融学金融市场公司理财国际金融发展经济学中国经济改革劳动经济学制度变迁人口经济学企业管理国际商务管理企业战略市场营销2、经济中心硕士生入学需参加全国统一招生考试，考试科目为四门，英语、政治、数学（三）、经济学理论（中心命题），考生各门科目在达到中心录取分数线之后，还需参加中心统一组织的面试，合格后方可录取。

北京大学招生专业目录-北大构造地质学考研招生简章、专业目录、参考书、真题、报录比、分数线北大构造地质学考研招生简章一、推荐免试按照教育部研究生招生工作的有关规定，北京大学通过推荐免试方式接收全国重点大学优秀应届本科毕业生攻读硕士学位研究生，包括学术型硕士研究生和专业学位硕士研究生。

（一）、申请与材料教育部建立“全国推荐优秀应届本科毕业生免试攻读研究生信息公开暨管理服务系统”（以下简称“推免服务系统”，网址:/tm），作为推免工作统一的信息备案公开平台和网上报考录取系统。

取得推荐学校推免资格及名额的应届优秀本科毕业生方可申请。

申请者应按照教育部的要求，登录推免服务系统，在系统中注册和填写基本信息，完成网上报名、网上缴费、接受复试确认和待录取确认等环节。

此外，申请者还须按照我校的相关具体要求进行申请并提交书面申请材料，详见我校研究生院网站公布的《北京大学2015年接收推荐免试研究生的办法》（网址：/zsxx/sszs/tjms/）。

（二）、初审与复试1、各院系推免生遴选工作小组对申请材料初审后，通知通过初审的申请者来我校参加复试。

2、复试实行差额复试，择优录取。

具体差额比例由各院系根据自身特点和生源状况自行确定。

3、选拔办法由各院系根据其学科特点制定，笔试或面试不及格者不予录取。

选拔办法一经公布不得随意更改。

4、推免生的综合面试时间原则上不少于20分钟。

北大构造地质学考研（三）、待录取与公示1、院系通过教育部推免服务系统向拟接收的申请者发送待录取通知，请申请者在院系规定的时间内在网上确认是否接受待录取。

若在规定时间内未确认，则视为放弃。

2、我校不再另行向接收的推荐免试研究生（含硕士生和直博生）发送接收函。

3、2014年10月25日前，院系在网上公示待录取名单。

推免生可登录院系网站查询公示名单，或在研究生院硕士、博士招生网页的“录取信息”查询。

若有疑问，可于公示期内向院系提出，各院系予以及时答复。

（四）、复审与录取在正式发出录取通知书之前，我校将对获得待录取资格的推免生，按照我校有关要求进行资格复审，未通过者将被取消录取资格。

北京大学招生专业目录-北大固体地球物理学考研招生简章、专业目录、参考书、真题、报录比、分数线北大固体地球物理学考研招生简章一、推荐免试按照教育部研究生招生工作的有关规定，北京大学通过推荐免试方式接收全国重点大学优秀应届本科毕业生攻读硕士学位研究生，包括学术型硕士研究生和专业学位硕士研究生。

（一）、申请与材料教育部建立“全国推荐优秀应届本科毕业生免试攻读研究生信息公开暨管理服务系统”（以下简称“推免服务系统”，网址:/tm），作为推免工作统一的信息备案公开平台和网上报考录取系统。

取得推荐学校推免资格及名额的应届优秀本科毕业生方可申请。

申请者应按照教育部的要求，登录推免服务系统，在系统中注册和填写基本信息，完成网上报名、网上缴费、接受复试确认和待录取确认等环节。

此外，申请者还须按照我校的相关具体要求进行申请并提交书面申请材料，详见我校研究生院网站公布的《北京大学2015年接收推荐免试研究生的办法》（网址：/zsxx/sszs/tjms/）。

（二）、初审与复试1、各院系推免生遴选工作小组对申请材料初审后，通知通过初审的申请者来我校参加复试。

2、复试实行差额复试，择优录取。

具体差额比例由各院系根据自身特点和生源状况自行确定。

3、选拔办法由各院系根据其学科特点制定，笔试或面试不及格者不予录取。

选拔办法一经公布不得随意更改。

4、推免生的综合面试时间原则上不少于20分钟。

北大固体地球物理学考研（三）、待录取与公示1、院系通过教育部推免服务系统向拟接收的申请者发送待录取通知，请申请者在院系规定的时间内在网上确认是否接受待录取。

若在规定时间内未确认，则视为放弃。

2、我校不再另行向接收的推荐免试研究生（含硕士生和直博生）发送接收函。

3、2014年10月25日前，院系在网上公示待录取名单。

推免生可登录院系网站查询公示名单，或在研究生院硕士、博士招生网页的“录取信息”查询。

若有疑问，可于公示期内向院系提出，各院系予以及时答复。

中共中央党校常欣欣社会主义与资本主义制度比较研究考博真题-参考书-分数线一、专业的设置常欣欣老师的社会主义与资本主义制度比较研究方向是一个考博热门方向，一方面是因为常老师长期从事此领域的教学与研究，对于这方面造诣深厚，另一方面是因为这一个方向本身有研究的学术价值，并且在社会主义现代化建设的关键时期，这个专业的人才正是是社会所需要的，有很好的就业前景。

这一个方向属于科学社会主义与国际共产主义运动专业的一个下设方向，导师是常老师，常老师同时也是社会主义运动历史经验研究方向的导师。

二、考试的科目科学社会主义与国际共产主义运动：①100英语（102日语103俄语）②209马克思主义哲学原理③309社会主义的历史和理论。

复试加试科目：社会主义思想史、中国特色社会主义理论。

三、导师介绍常欣欣，职称：教授，博士生导师，单位：科学社会主义教研部。

常欣欣，女，现任中央党校科学社会主义原理教研室主任、教授、博士生导师。

主要著作：《后冷战时代的和平》、《两个历史进程中的若干问题》等论著。

主要论文：《贯彻党的十六大精神若干重大理论和现实问题探讨》、《从哈佛看中国——中国问题学术演讲集》等论文集。

四、参考书目1、《马列著作选编》（哲学部分），中共中央党校出版社2002年版。

2、韩树英主编：《马克思主义哲学纲要》（修订版），人民出版社。

3、袁贵仁主编：《马克思主义哲学原理》，北京出版社2000年版。

4、杨春贵主编：《马克思主义哲学发展史教程》（第二版），中共中央党校出版社2002年版。

1、《马列著作选编》（有关科学社会主义部分），中共中央党校出版社2002年2月版。

2、赵曜等主编：《马克思列宁主义基本问题》，中共中央党校出版社2001年12月版。

3、王怀超等主编：《科学社会主义基本理论》，中共中央党校出版社2003年版。

4、郑必坚等主编：《邓小平理论基本问题》，中共中央党校出版社2001年12月版。

5、严书翰等著：《当代资本主义研究》，中共中央党校出版社2004年8月版。