人教高考英语复习语法填空专题 说明文型语法填空共20页

专题15 语法填空之说明文P P a a r r t t 11题题型型总总览览【题型综述】语法填空是近年来高考英语推出的一种新题型。

在一篇200词左右的语言材料中留出10个空白，要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容或所提供单词的正确形式，这种题型能全面检测学生在英语词汇、语法，甚至是句法上的运用能力，能更科学地反映学生的英语综合水平。

本题型分两种情况：一种为已给单词提示，一种为不给单词提示。

【技巧点拨】从词性方面来说，在做语法填空题时应该注意：1. 名词形式变化。

名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。

2. 动词形式变化。

动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语的变化(时态、语态、语气)，有非谓语的变化(不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词)。

3. 代词形式变化。

代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关的三大类五小类，即人称代词(主格和宾格)、物主代词(形容词性和名词性)、反身代词。

另外还有几个不定代词的形式变化，如no one ／none 、other ／another 等。

4. 形容词、副词比较级变化。

英语中大部分形容词和表方式的副词都有原级、比较级和最高级的变化。

构成比较级和最高级的方式，或通过加后缀一er 和．est ，或在词前Imore ／less 和most ／least ，且形容词的最高级还要冠以the 。

5. 数词形式变化。

数词的形式变化包括基数词、序数词，或加后缀一teen 、ty 的变化，甚至还有作分母用的序数词的单复数形式，以及one ／two 的特殊变化形式once ／twice从上下文连续起来理解，这是一个分马的计划，大儿子分得a half ，也就是“一半”或“二分之一”，那么二儿子应该得“三分之一”，所以要填入作分母的序数词“third”才能命中目标。

6. 词的派生。

词的派生现象在英语单词中是很常见的，派生现象主要发生在名词、动词、形容词、副词四种词中。

这种题型还有可能检测学生对词根、前后缀、派生词的掌握。

2025届高考英语复习：专项（语法填空＋阅读理解＋应用文写作）好题练习Ⅰ.语法填空2024ꞏ广东广州调研说明文225词★★★★☆Recently, Guangzhou has successfully hosted the 2023 Understanding China Conference, the 5th World Media Summit, and other significant events, once again highlighting its role as1.________ window for the world to comprehend China's high-quality development. So,2.________ Guangzhou? Let's find out.3．________ (gain) a deeper understanding of China, one must experience its history and culture. With a history of over 2，000 years and a rich cultural heritage, Guangzhou offers a variety of historical and cultural 4.________ (treasure). In this city, you can sip (呷) a cup of coffee while watching Cantonese opera in Yongqingfang or taste Cantonese dim sum (点心) while gazing at Western-style architecture on Shamian Island.The economy is another crucial aspect in understanding China. In recent years, Guangzhou has 5.________ (active) participated in the Belt and Road international cooperation, gradually 6.________ (establish) an all-round, multi-level, and wide-ranging pattern of opening-up. As a thousand-year-old commercial city known for the Canton Fair, Guangzhou has drawn 7.________ (globe) attention with its open genes and prosperous economy.Connecting with the world also requires a highly 8.________ (develop) transportation network. Guangzhou has constructed a modern three-dimensional transportation system that links airports, seaports, railway ports, and digital ports, providing easy access 9.________ both domestic and foreign participants.Guangzhou's openness, inclusiveness, vitality, and innovative spirit make it an ideal choice for hosting international events, which, in turn, 10.________ (help) the economic and social development of the city.Ⅱ.阅读理解A2022ꞏ全国乙卷应用文276词★★★★☆Henry Raeburn (1756－1823)The ExhibitionThis exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotland's best loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, comes to London. Selected from collections throughout the world, it is the first major exhibition of his work to be held in over forty years.Lecture SeriesScottish National Portrait (肖像画) Gallery presents a series of lectures for the general public.They are held in the Lecture Room. Admission to lectures is free.An Introduction to Raeburn Sunday 26 Oct., 15：00 DUNCAN THOMSON Raeburn's English Contemporaries Thursday 30Oct., 13：10JUDY EGERTONCharacters and Characterisation in Raeburn's Raeburn and Artist's Training in the 18thPortraits Thursday 6 Nov., 13：10 NICHOLAS PHILLIPSONCentury Thursday 13 Nov., 13：10 MARTIN POSTLEExhibition TimesMonday-Saturday 10.00-17.45Sunday 12.00-17.45Last admission to the exhibition: 17.15. There is no re-admission.Closed: 24-26 December and 1 January.Admission￡4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.Schools and CollegesA special low entrance charge of ￡2 per person is available to all in full-time education, up to and including those at first degree level, in organised groups with teachers.1．What is the right time for attending Raeburn's English Contemporaries?A.Sun. 26 Oct. B．Thurs. 30 Oct.C.Thurs. 6 Nov. D．Thurs. 13 Nov.2．How much would a couple with two children under 12 pay for admission?A.￡4. B．￡8.C.￡12. D．￡16.3．How can full-time students get group discounts?A.They should go on Sunday mornings.B.They should come from art schools.C.They must be led by teachers.D.They must have ID cards with them.B2024ꞏ东北三省质检Ⅱ说明文324词★★★★☆SWOT satellite is scheduled to be launched on Thursday morning to conduct a comprehensive survey of Earth's vital__resource. By using advanced microwave radar technology it will collect height-surface measurements of oceans, lakes and rivers in high-definition detail over 90% of the globe. It's really the first time to observe nearly all water on the planet's surface.The major mission is to explore how oceans adjust climate change by absorbing atmospheric heat and carbon dioxide in a natural process. Oceans are estimated to have absorbed more than 90% of the extra heat trapped in the Earth's atmosphere by human-caused greenhouse gases. SWOT will scan the seas and precisely measure fine differences in surface elevations (高度) around smaller currents and eddies (涡流), where much of the oceans' decrease of heat and carbon is believed to occur. “Studying the mechanism will help climate scientists answer a key question: What the turning point is at which oceans start releasing, rather than absorbing, huge amounts of heat back into the atmosphere and speed up global warming, rather than limiting it，”said Nadya Shiffer, SWOT's program scientist.By comparison, earlier studies of water bodies relied on data of rivers or oceans taken at specific points, or from satellites that can only track measurements along a one-dimensional line, requiring scientists to fill in data gaps through extrapolation (外推法). Thanks to the radar instrument, SWOT can scan through cloud cover and darkness over wide ranges of the Earth. This enables scientists to accurately map their observations in two dimensions regardless ofweather or the time of day and to cover large geographic areas far more quickly than was previously possible.“Rather than giving us a line of elevations, it's giving us a map of elevations, and that's just a total gamechanger，”said Tamlin Pavelsky, SWOT's freshwater science leader.4．What do the underlined words “vital resource” in the first paragraph refer to?A．Technology. B．Climate.C．Oceans. D．Water.5．What is the major mission of SWOT satellite?A．To identify when global warming is worsened.B．To explore where oceans absorb heat and CO2.C．To study how oceans influence climate change.D．To explain why greenhouse gases come into being.6．What makes it possible for SWOT to measure precisely?A．The high-definition computer.B．Advanced radar technology.C．The three-dimensional image.D．An accurate map of elevations.7．Which can be the best title for the text?A．A Solution to Climate ChangeB．A Breakthrough in Space TravelC．The Successful Launch of SWOT SatelliteD．The First Global Water Survey from SpaceⅢ.应用文写作[2024ꞏ济南市高三模拟]假定你是校学生会主席李华，时值春暖花开，万物复苏，请你围绕“走进春天，锻炼身体”这一主题，在校英文报上发一封倡议书，要点如下：1．倡议的目的；2．具体内容；注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

例11 ______the sun came out, he looked down and laughed.There was no abyss.Just six inches down there was a rock.
例8 Every year, on Spring Festival Eve, CCTV broadcasts its Spring Festival Gala__________ to millions of viewers.
【答案】 live 【解析】 此处考查语境了解及形容词充 当补语使用方法。broadcast...live意为“现场直播”。
5/43
第二模块 │命题分析
语法填空三年高考考点： 从考试说明样题和近三年高考题来看，实词以动词、 代词、形容词、副词为主，其中动词又是重中之重；虚词以 介词、冠词为主。而句法方面主要考查复合句引导词，如定 语从句、名词性从句、状语从句等。
6/43

第二模块 │应试点睛
应试点睛
语法填空要求考生阅读一篇短文， 然后按照句子结构语 法性和上下文连贯要求完成10道语法填空题。做题要求：一 是在空格处填入适当词；二是使用括号中词语正确形式填空。
第二模块 语法填空
专题一 记叙文型语法填空 专题二 说明文型语法填空 专题三 议论文型语法填空
1/43
第二模块 语法填空
2/43
第二模块 │考纲解读
考纲解读
语法填空是广东省自行设计一个新题型， 含有一定创新 意义。主要创新在于：在语篇层面上考查语言知识， 符合新 课标提倡语言学习理念；试题设计采取了填空方式， 而不是 单项选择， 真正激活了学生语言知识及应用能力， 对中学 英语教学有很好反拨作用；考试内容不但包括句子语法结构， 还包含构词法、篇章连贯和意义对句子结构制约作用(比如： 代词指称包括篇章连贯等), 符合语言真实性要求， 让学生在 愈加真实语境中应用自己语言知识。

The One World Futbol needs no pump 7. ________ won't wear out, even on rough surfaces.When tested, 8. ________withstood ( 经 受 住 ) being crushed by a car, and even being chewed on by a lion. Although it costs 9.________(much) to produce than a typical soccer ball, Jahnigen 10. ________(estimate) the One World Futbol can last 30 years.So far, it's been given to kids in 143 countries.
备用习题
Is it from steam pipes? Or is it really smoke from a fire? It's not always easy to tell if you 8.________(face)with a real emergency. Second, and more importantly, the person who is facing an emergency must feel personally 9.________ (responsibility). He must feel that he must help, 10.________ the person won't get the help he needs.
备用习题
(二 )
Thirtytwo people watched Kitty Genovese 1.________ (kill) right below their windows. She was 2.________ neighbour. Yet 3.________ of the 32 helped her. No one even called the police. John Barley and Bib Fatane went beyond the headlines to research into the reasons 4.________ people didn't act. They found that a person has to go through two steps 5.________ he can help. First, he has to notice that it is 6.________ emergency(紧急 情况). Is the smoke coming into the room 7.________ a leak in the air 湖南卷改编] When kids in parts of the world want to play, they often make soccer balls out of trash tied together with string.“1. ________the areas used for playing fields are often rough and rocky, millions of real balls go flat (变瘪) 2. ________ 24 hours，” says Tim Jahnigen, a California businessman. Determined to solve this problem, 3. ________ created an indestructible ball 4.________(call) the One World Futbol. The ball is made of 5. ________ special material, ethylenevinyl acetate foam. It's lightweight, it's flexible, and—most6. ________ (importance)—it holds its shape.