我国社区矫正的问题及对策研究

我国社区矫正的问题及对策研究Study on the problems and Countermeasures of community correction in China摘要社区矫正作为当代社会一种和监狱关禁闭方式不同的和机构式的新型刑法执行手段，在全球范围内都备受重视，我国也开始尝试将这一行为作为一种新的执行手段全面推广。

我们国家在结合了自身的国情和实情的基础上，学习和采纳吸收外国的典型案例和先进方式，形成了我们国家特有的社区矫正工作制度。

放眼今天的中国，该制度目前仍然还处在较为初级的阶段，一些试点的建设和发展也为此项工作打下良好基础，它除具有一般刑罚执行方式共有的特点外，自身还具有法律性和专业性，只有司法部成立特有的机构进行直接管理，才能达到社会矫正的最终目的。

此外，社区矫正符合我国依法治国和以德治国的政策要求，相比起其他刑罚，社会矫正更加注重对服刑人员的教育改造，注重对社区造成的影响，走群众路线，用劳动和交流感化罪犯。

新事物的产生总会伴随着新问题的出现，社区矫正也在实践中暴露出不少问题，例如：受到自然、人文等环境的制约，开始工作较晚，法律依据较少，在立法上不健全。

司法部门因职责不清而导致工作效率极其低。

城乡思想发展的不同步性而导致社区矫正难以在农村地区贯彻实行。

开展这项工作需要大量的人力资源，但目前我们国家志愿者较稀缺，对象本身不积极配合。

为改善以上问题，我国必须提高社区矫正队伍的职业化和专业化水平，建立司法机关既分工又配合的协作机制，合理分配全力。

更加明确该工作的主体，加大帮扶力度，细化缓刑、假使的适用性条件。

构建经费保障机制，加大宣传，改变人民群众对该工作的错误理解，从而很好地配合国家司法部门。

只有如此，才能完善我国社区矫正目前存在的不足之处，让社区矫正逐步成为主流的刑罚方式，达到预想的目标。

关键词：社区矫正；社区矫正制度的特点；社区矫正存在的问题；刑法；刑罚执行方式AbstractCommunity correction, as a modern society a new criminal law different from custodial execution and institutions, are highly valued in the world, China also began to try to community correction as a new way of enforcing the comprehensive promotion. On the basis of our own national conditions and the actual situation, we learn and learn from the mature experience of foreign countries and advanced ways to form a unique community correction system in china. In our country, community correction is still in the construction phase, to lay a solid foundation for the construction of some community correction pilot community correction system, which has the general way of penalty execution of common characteristics, also has its own legal and professional, only the Ministry of justice established special institutions for direct management, in order to achieve the ultimate goal of society correction. In addition, the community correction in line with China's rule of law and by virtue of the policy requirements, compared to other punishment, community correction pay more attention to the education and reform of prisoners, pay attention to the influence caused by the community, follow the mass line, with labor and exchange of the probation of offenders. Always have new things with the emergence of new problems, community correction has exposed many problems, for example: in practice by social environment, community correction in China started late, the lack of legal basis, the legislation is not perfect. Because of the unclear responsibility of the judicial department, the correction work is inefficient, and even the phenomenon of taking off. The urban and rural development is difficult to implement in the rural areas due to the asynchronous nature of urban and rural development. Community correction needs a large number of human resources, but at present, China's volunteers are scarce, and the correction of the object itself there are psychological barriers, but also do not want to cooperate with the work of community corrections. In order to improve the above problems, we must improve the professional and professional level of the community correction team, establish the cooperation mechanism of the judicial organs, which is divided into two parts. More clearly the main body of community correction, increase the intensity of assistance, detailed probation and if applicable conditions. Construction of funding guarantee mechanism, increase publicity, change people's understanding of community corrections, with the work of the state judicial department. Only in this way can we improve the existing shortcomings of community correction, so that community correction has gradually become the mainstream of punishment, to achieve the desired objectives.Key words: Community correction; the characteristics of community correction system; the problems of community correction; criminal law; penalty execution mode引论 (1)一、社区矫正的概述 (1)（一）社区矫正的起源 (1)（二）社区矫正的特点 (2)二、社区矫正的意义 (5)（一）有利于改革和完善刑罚执行制度 (6)（二）有利于促使犯罪分子再社会化 (6)（三）有利于社会管理模式的创新 (6)三、社区矫正的现状分析 (6)（一）社区矫正的相关法律制度不完善 (6)（二）社区矫正队伍人才匮乏，专业化程度较低 (7)（三）社区矫正主体不明确 (8)（四）社区矫正的刑罚方式备受争议 (8)（五）矫正对象本人存在心理障碍 (8)四、对社区矫正的思考与建议 (9)（一）完善法律法规，健全应急处置制度 (9)（二）注重队伍建设，完善审前调查模式 (10)（三）明确矫正主体，严格执行监管流程 (10)（四）改进矫正方式，收获丰富教育成果 (11)（五）消除心理障碍，形成科学引导体系 (11)结语 (12)参考文献 (13)随着人权运动的兴起，人道主义刑罚论越来越深入人心，轻刑化也成为了司法实践的趋势所在。

许多国家都坚持利用刑罚来改造而非单纯惩罚罪犯的观点，通过轻缓科学的刑罚方式，矫正罪犯，使其更好地回归社会。

我们国家在结合了自身的国情和实情的基础上，学习和采纳吸收外国的典型案例和先进方式，形成了我们国家特有的社区矫正工作制度。

放眼今天的中国，该制度目前仍然还处在较为初级的阶段，一些试点的建设和发展也为此项工作打下良好基础，它除具有一般刑罚执行方式共有的特点外，自身还具有法律性和专业性，只有司法部成立特有的机构进行直接管理，才能达到社会矫正的最终目的。