[考研类试卷]2010年南开大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷.doc

【真题】考研英语历年真题逐句翻译（2020年Text1）英语二第一段①Rats and other animals need to be highly attuned to social signals from others so they can identify friends to cooperate with and enemies to avoid.②To find out if this extends to non-living beings, Loleh Quinn at the University of California, San Diego, and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals from robotic rats.翻译译文：老鼠等动物需要对同类发出的社交信号高度敏感，这样它们才能分辨哪些是可以合作的朋友，哪些是应该避开的敌人。

为弄清这一敏感性是否在面对非生命物体时仍适用，加州大学圣地亚哥分校的拉蕾·奎因及其同事进行了一项试验，观察老鼠是否能够感知机器鼠发出的社交信号。

第二段①They housed eight adult rats with two types of robotic rat-one social and one asocial-for four days.②The robots rats were quite minimalist, resembling a chunkier version of a computer mouse with wheels-to move around and colorful markings.翻译译文：研究人员让8只成年鼠与2只不同类型的机器鼠——一只爱社交，一只不合群——共处一室4天。

这两只机器鼠外形相当简约抽象，就像矮胖版的电脑鼠标，靠轮子四处移动，带有鲜艳的标记。

南开大学——翻译硕士在看到拟录取名单的那一刻，悬着的心终于放下啦。

因为我去年就是看了学姐的经验贴，按照上面介绍的情况来备考的，所以现在自己被拟录取了也来写点小经验供学弟学妹参考啦。

南开的翻译硕士初试和很多院校一样，四门课：政治、翻译硕士英语、英语翻译基础、汉语写作与百科知识。

1、翻译硕士英语“词汇、语法、动笔、坚持”。

翻译硕士英语所涉及到的词汇就是专八和托福的水平，语法就是专四的语法，掌握好了这两点单选就没什么大问题了。

“动笔、坚持”则是针对阅读和写作而言的，保证每天的阅读数量和质量，多动笔做做题，写写文章，并且每天都要学习，一直坚持到考前。

“爱她不要多，每天一点点”。

（1）词汇:如鱼得水记单词专八英语专业八级词汇必备13000刘毅1000022000新东方GRE词汇乱序版（没有想象中的难）英语专业四级、八级词汇表（大纲书）环球时代的英语专业考研核心词汇（这本很难，硬着头皮背了）（2）语法/改错:星火的专业四级语法词汇满分突破（很好很好，有很多学校上面都是类似语法考题）冲击波的专业八级改错（很难）张道真/薄冰语法（看看就好）（3）阅读:星火英语专八标准阅读100篇（难，坚持练习）三级笔译综合那本，红皮（上面的阅读都是外刊，难度不小。

里面的课后词汇好几个居然是南开翻译基础的EC术语！）高级口译阅读教程（4）作文:英语专业八级考试精品范文100篇（宝书中的宝书，到后来复试我都用这本上面的话，是外国人写的，语言很地道，很好的一本，比星火专八作文好多了）星火英语专业考研考点精梳与精练（词汇和语法有真题，分板块解析）星火英语专业考研名校全真试卷（学硕基英真题，虽然比MTI难，但是还是需要好好做）圣才翻硕基英（下面的翻译和百科也有）环球时代基础英语高分突破（和星火考点精梳差不多，这本比较老）星火专八全真试题与命题预测（专八真题总得做吧，还有里面附送的2000核心词汇很好）推荐几本其他提高英语基础的书:张汉熙的高级英语上下册、新概念英语三和四2、英语翻译基础强调一句：翻译一定要进行总结，没事就回头翻翻笔记本，这样下一次再见到才能有影响。

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2013年南开大学翻译硕士英语口译方向排名真题参考书内部资料英语口译排名排名姓名考生编号总分复试成绩录取成绩专业名称1刘宜珊10055333331480239589.483.16非应届生英语口译2赵雨辰10055300000520837590.881.32非应届生英语口译3李丹荷1005533333131263688778.96非应届生英语口译4刘刚10055300000514235888.678.4非应届生英语口译5刘翰文10055300000514335689.278.4非应届生英语口译6张瑞军10055333331262536882.477.12非应届生英语口译7刘露云10055300000514538175.675.96非应届生英语口译8耿晓10055300000513536180.475.48非应届生英语口译9董琳1005533333114363558275.4非应届生英语口译10樊子渊10055300000513335280.674.48非应届生英语口译11韩迪10055300000513634579.473.16非应届生英语口译12李侦10055333331312835476.473.04非应届生英语口译13梁爽10055333330914534778.473非应届生英语口译14滕冰钰10055333331824734778.272.92非应届生英语口译1姚宏10055300000520338888.682应届生英语口译2朱卉1005530000052093878781.24应届生英语口译3韩智巍10055333330601239484.881.2应届生英语口译4王腾10055333330725338187.280.6应届生英语口译5李锦1005533333131273988079.76应届生英语口译6宋淼10055300000514936986.278.76应届生英语口译7张廷广1005533333131313698678.68应届生英语口译8亓仕亮10055333331402437384.278.44应届生英语口译9卢曼曼1005533333126233758177.4应届生英语口译10郝丹丹10055333331812737680.277.2应届生英语口译11韩欣怡10055333331412537480.477.04应届生英语口译11王玉宛10055333331153737081.677.04应届生英语口译13陈薇10055333331312337280.876.96应届生英语口译14吕喔10055333331040637479.276.56应届生英语口译15梁海岩10055333331471737379.476.52应届生英语口译16雷学发10055333331312536780.276.12应届生英语口译17佘佳琳1005533333172073707976应届生英语口译18岳慧娟1005533333150513887375.76应届生英语口译19张沙沙10055333331313036778.475.4应届生英语口译【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站： 开设课程：【网络函授班】【精品小班】【高端一对一】【状元集训营】【定向保录】【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站： 开设课程：【网络函授班】【精品小班】【高端一对一】【状元集训营】【定向保录】20谢元妍1005530000051573707775.2应届生英语口译21韩雪10055333331402337275.874.96应届生英语口译22杨明霞10055333331505038073.274.88应届生英语口译23李垚10055333331585436875.674.4应届生英语口译24王晗10055333331480336875.274.24应届生英语口译25张雨10055333331332936871.272.64应届生英语口译考研政治每年平均分在4，50分，不是很高，政治取得高分除了靠记忆力还要有一定的技巧，今天我就考研政治中的一些答题技巧，来和同学们分享一下。

目　录2010年南京大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2011年南京大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2012年南京大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2013年南京大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2014年南京大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2010年南京大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解Part O e: Proof ReadingThe following sentences contain some errors. Copy and edit them on your answer sheet. (1.5×10) 1．An important information I got from her is our teacher’s new marriage.2．She had a lot of difficulty with the long vowel /ei/, so I taught her how to pronounce.3．The tutor asked the pupils: “How to write an essay on your mother?”4．The volleyball players of our department went through very tough training for a whole semester and finally win the championship of the university.5．I felt frustrated and wondered why my English wasn’t improved even after having watched many movies and read many books.6．The news of the H1N1 flu worried the headmaster, but another news was upbeat: so far, everyone in his school was healthy.7．All of us in the class would like to become a teacher in the future.8．In high school, we had to take many classes, Chinese, English, physics, chemistry, mathematics and history and so on.9．The students found it dissatisfied that their hard work was not rewarded or recognized. 10．The university attaches great importance to teacher’s research and publications.【答案与解析】1．An: The（information为不可数名词，因此将An改为The。

长沙理工大学2020年硕士研究生入学考试试题考试科目：翻译硕士英语考试科目代码：211注意：所有答案(含选择题、判断题等)一律答在答题纸上；写在试题纸上或其他地点一律不给分。

作图题可以在原试题图上作答，然后将图撕下来贴在答题纸上相应位置。

I. Vocabulary and Structure (20 X 1 point = 20 points )Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A t B t C f and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence and then write down the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.1.We are not on very good with the people next door. They always make so loud noisy to wake us up.A. friendshipB. relationsC. termsD. relevantually newspapers for people with intellectual interests.A. suitableB. furnishC. regardD. cater3.The overcrowded living conditions a heavy strain on the family.A. setB. putC. conductD. pressed4.The supply of apples exceeds the this year.A. demandB. claimC. requirementD. quest5.Unfortunately, my watch doesn't work and it must be broken. I must have it .A. repairingB. trimmedC. repairedD. fixing6.If this kind of wild animals had escaped from its cage, they could have killed or hurt people .A. equallyB. bothC. severelyD. well7.I'm sorry we gave you such short of our visit.A. cautionB. noticeC. informationD. scrutiny8.That old exquisite vase will an attractive lamp-holder.A. composeB. formC. makeD. assembly9. The World Bank has criticized the country fbr not giving enough financial ___________to developing countries.A. allowanceB. aidC. loanD. provision10. Herbert is a man _______ few words; but he is a man _________ a sense ofknowing when to say the right thing.A. with...ofB. with...withC. of...ofD. of...with11. ______ they can change their sales strategies, the future for their company will be indeedbleak.A. Even ifB. Now thatC. As long asD. Unless12. Bigatki said that he would go to Hawaii _________ stay in the same city.A. rather thanB. other thanC. and prefer notD. instead of13. The distinguished professor was invited to preside ________ the conference onbehalf of the chairman.A. onB. inC. overD. fbr14. The growing size of the population ________ a major concern of society nowadays.A. becomeB. has beenC. develop intoD. derives from15. Darlington never regretted ______ to attend the party, fbr she did not like it at all.A. not being invitedB. being not invitedC. not having been invitedD. having not been invited16. The military authorities are seriously considering abandoning the expensive _________plane. Actually, it is not equipped so well as expected.A. three million dollarB. three millions of dollarsC. three million-dollarD. three-million-dollar17. _____ the sun in superstitious awe everywhere in the world.A. Man has long heldB. Long has held manC. Has man long heldD. Man has held long18. The CEO decided to assign the sales project to _____ would be capable and competent.A. whoB. whomC. whoeverD. whomever19. “____ more sunlight, these vegetable plants grow much better this year," he added.A. To receiveB. Having receivedC. ReceivingD. Since receiving20.A group of soldiers marched forward, guns in hand.A. holdB. holdingC. heldD. to be heldIL Reading Comprehension (20 X 2 points = 40 points )Directions: There are 5 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A t B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and then write down the corresponding letter on theANSWER SHEET.Questions 21 to 24 are based on the following passage.I am afraid to sleep. I have been afraid to sleep fbr the last few weeks. I am so tired that, finally, I do sleep, but only for a few minutes. It is not a bad dream that wakes me; it is the reality I took with me into sleep. I try to think of something else.Immediately the woman in the marketplace comes into my mind.I was on my way to dinner last night when I saw her. She was selling skirts. She moved with the same ease and loveliness I often saw in the women of Laos. Her long black hair was as shiny as the black silk of the skirts she was selling. In her hair, she wore three silk ribbons, blue, green and white. They reminded me of my childhood and how my girlfriends and I used to spend hours braiding ribbons into our hair.I don't know the word fbr "ribbons”, so I put my hand to my own hair and, with three fingers against my head, I looked at her ribbons and said "Beautiful n. She lowered her eyes and said nothing. I wasn't sure if she understood me (1 don*t speak Laotian very well).I looked back down at the skirts. They had designs on them: squares and triangles and circles of pink and green silk. They were very pretty. I decided to buy one of those skirts, and I began to bargain with her over the price. It is the custom to bargain in Asia. In Laos bargaining is done in soft voices and easy moves with the sort of quiet peacefulness.She smiled, more with her eyes than with her lips. She was pleased by the few words I was able to say in her language, although they were mostly numbers, and she saw that I understood something about the soft playfulness of bargaining. We shook our heads in disagreement over the price: then, immediately, we made another offer and then another shake of the head. She was so pleased that unexpectedly, she accepted the last offer I made. But it was too soon. The price was too low. She was being too generous and wouldn't make enough money. I moved quickly and picked up two more skirts and paid fbr all three at the price set; that way I was able to pay her three times as much before she had a chance to lower the price for the larger purchase. She smiled openly then, and, for the first time in months, my spirit lifted. I almost felt happy.The feeling stayed with me while she wrapped the skirts in a newspaper and handed them to me. When I left, though, the feeling left, too. It was as though it stayed behind in the marketplace.I felt tears in my throat. I wanted to cry. I didn't, of course.I have learned to defend myself against what is hard; without knowing it, I have also learned to defend myself against what is soft and what should be easy.I get up, light a candle and want to look at the skirts. They are still in the newspaper that the woman wrapped them in. I remove the paper, and raise the skirts up to look at them again before I pack them. Something falls to the floor. I reach down and feel something cool in my hand. I move close to the candlelight to see what I have. There are five long silk ribbons in my hand, alldifferent colors. The woman in the marketplace has given these ribbons to me!There is no defense against a generous spirit, and this time I cry, and very hard, as if I could make up for all the months that I didn*t cry.21.According to the writer, the woman in the marketplace.A.refused to speak to herB.was selling skirts and ribbonsC.was pleasant and attractiveD.recognized her immediately22.Which of the following is NOT correct?A.The writer was not used to bargaining.B.People in Asia always bargain when buying things.C.Bargaining in Laos was quiet and peaceful.D.The writer was ready to bargain with the woman.23.The writer assumed that the woman accepted the last offer because the woman.A.thought that the last offer was reasonableB.thought she could still make much moneyC.was tired of bargaining with the writer any moreD.was glad that the writer knew their way of bargaining24.When the writer left the marketplace, she wanted to cry, but did not because .A.she had learned to face difficulties bravelyB.she was afraid of crying in publicC.she had learned to stay cool and unfeelingD.she had to show in public that she was strongQuestions 25 to 28 are based on the following passage.The kids are hanging out. I pass small bands of students on my way to work these mornings. They have become a familiar part of the summer landscape.These kids are not old enough for jobs. Nor are they rich enough for camp. They are school children without school. The calendar called the school year ran out on them a few weeks ago. Once supervised by teachers and principals, they now appear to be in “self care”.Passing them is like passing through a time zone. For much of our history, after all, Americans arranged the school year around the needs of work and family. In 19th-century cities, schools were open seven or eight hours a day, 11 months a year. In rural America, the year was arranged around the growing season. Now, only 3 percent of families follow the agricultural model, but nearly all schools are scheduled as if our children went home early to milk the cows and took months off to work the crops. Now, three-quarters of the mothers of school-age children work, but the calendar is written as if they were home waiting for the school bus.The six-hour day, the 180-day school year is regarded as something holy. But when parents work an eight-hour day and a 240-day year, it means something different. It means that many kids go home to empty houses. It means that, in the summer,they hang out.“We have a huge mismatch between the school calendar and the realities of family 1g ” says Dr. Ernest Boyer, head of the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.Dr. Boyer is one of many who believe that a radical revision of the school calendar is inevitable. 44School, whether we like it or not, is educational. It always has been.^^His is not a popular idea. Schools are routinely burdened with the job of solving all our social problems. Can they be asked to meet the needs of our work and family lives?It may be easier to promote a longer school year on its educational merits and, indeed, the educational case is compelling. Despite the complaints and studies about our kids, lack of learning, the United States still has a shorter school year than any industrial nation. In most of Europe, the school year is 220 days. In Japan, it is 240 days long. While classroom time alone doesn't produce a well educated child, learning takes time and more learning takes more time. The long summers of forgetting take a toll.The opposition to a longer school year comes from families that want to and can provide other experiences for their children. It comes from teachers. It comes from tradition, and surely from kids. But the most important part of the conflict has been over money.25.Which of the following is an opinion of the authors?A. "The kids are hanging out.”B."These kids are not old enough for jobs.^^C."They are school children without school.^^D."The calendar called the school year ran out on them a few weeks ago.,,26.The current American school calendar was developed in the 19th century according to.A.the growing season on the nation's farmB.the labour demands of the industrial ageC.teachers' demands for more vacation timeD.Parents' demands fbr other experiences for their kids27.The author thinks that the current school calendar.A.is still validB.is out of dateC.can not be revisedD.can not be defended28.Why was Dr. Boyer's idea unpopular?A.He argues fbr the role of school in solving social problems.B.He supports the current school calendar.C.He thinks that school year and family life should be considered separately.D.He strongly believes in the educational role of school.Questions 29 to 30 are based on the following passage.If you like the idea of staying with a family, living in a house might be the answer. Good landladies-those who are superb cooks and launderers, are figures as popular in fiction as the bad ones who terrorize their guests and overcharge them at the slightest opportunity. The truth is probably somewhere between the two extremes. If you are lucky, the food will be adequate, some of your laundry may be done fbr you and you will have a reasonable amount of comfort and companionship. For the less fortunate, house rules may restrict the freedom to invite friends to visit and shared cooking and bathroom facilities can be frustrating and row-provoking if tidy and untidy guests are living under the same roof.The same disadvantages can apply to flat sharing, with the added difficulties that arise from deciding who pays for what, and in what proportion. One person may spend hours on the phone, while another rarely makes calls. If you want privacy with a guest, how do you persuade the others to go out; how do you persuade them to leave you in peace, especially if you are a student andwant to study?Conversely, flat sharing can be very cheap, there will always be someone to talk to and go out with, and the chores, in theory, can be shared.29.According to the passage, landladies are.A.always meanB.adequately competentC.so sparkling and versatileD.very popular with their guests30.What is NOT mentioned as a benefit of flat sharing?A.Rent is affordable.B.There is companionship.C.There is peace and quiet.D.Housework can be shared.Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.Why the inductive and mathematical sciences, after their first rapid development at the culmination of Greek civilization, advanced so slowly fbr two thousand years-and why in the following two hundred years a knowledge of natural and mathematical science has accumulated, which so vastly exceeds all that was previously known that these sciences may be justly regarded as the products of our own times-are questions which have interested the modem philosopher not less than the objects with which these sciences are more immediately conversant. Was it the employment of a new method of research, or in the exercise of greater virtue in the use of the old methods, that this singular modern phenomenon had its origin? Was the long period one of arrested development, and is the modern era one of normal growth; Or should we ascribe the characteristics of both periods to so-called historical accidents-to the influence of conjunctions in circumstances of which no explanation is possible, save in the omnipotence and wisdom of a guiding Providence?The explanation which has become commonplace, that the ancients employed deduction chiefly in their scientific inquiries, while the modems employ induction, proves to be too narrow, and fails upon close examination to point with sufficient distinctness the contrast that is evident between ancient and modem scientific doctrines and inquiries. For all knowledge is founded on observation, and proceeds from this by analysis, by synthesis and analysis, by induction and deduction, and if possible by verification, or by new appeals to observation under the guidance of deduction-by steps which are indeed correlative parts of one method; and the ancient sciences afford examples of every one of these methods, or parts of one method, which have been generalized from the examples of science.A failure to employ or to employ adequately any one of these partial methods, an imperfection in the arts and resources of observation and experiment, carelessness in observation, neglect of relevant facts, by appeal to experiment and observation-these are the faults which cause all failures to ascertain truth, whether among the ancients or the moderns; but this statement does not explain why the modem is possessed of a greater virtue, and by what means he attained his superiority. Much less does it explain the sudden growth of science in recent times.The attempt to discover the explanation of this phenome non in the antithesis of “fhcts” and “theories" or "fhcts” and "ideas“一in the neglect among the ancients of the former, and their too exclusive attention to the latter-proves also to be too narrow, as well as open to the charge of vagueness. For in the first place, the antithesis is not complete. Facts and theories are notcoordinate species. Theories, if true, are facts-a particular class of facts indeed, generally complex, and if a logical connection subsists between their constituents, have all the positive attributes of theories.Nevertheless, this distinction, however inadequate it may be to explain the source of true method in science, is well founded, and connotes an important character in true method. A fact is a proposition of simple. A theory, on the other hand, if true has all the characteristics of a fact, except that its verification is possible only by indirect, remote, and difficult means. To convert theories into facts is to add simple verification, and the theory thus acquires the full characteristics of a fact.31.The title that best expresses the ideas of this passage is .A. Philosophy of mathematicsB. The Recent Growth in ScienceC. Methods of Scientific InquiryD. The Verification of Facts32.According to the author, one possible reason for the growth of science during the days of the ancient Greeks and in modem times is .A.the similarity between the two periodsB.due to the decline of the deductive methodC.that both tried to develop the inductive methodD.that it was an act of God33.The difference between “fhct” and “theory” .A.is that the latter needs confirmationB.rests on the simplicity of the formerC.is the difference between the modern scientists and the ancient GreeksD.helps us to understand the deductive method34.According to the author, mathematics is .A. an inductive scienceB. an deductive scienceC. in need of simple verificationD. based on fact and theory35.The statement ''Theories are facts,, may be called .A. a metaphorB. a punC. a paradoxD. an appraisal of the inductive and deductive methodsQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the加lowing passage.On the 36th day after they had voted, Americans finally learned Wednesday who would be their next president: Governor George W. Bush of Texas.Vice President Al Gore, his last realistic avenue for legal challenge closed by a U. S. Supreme Court decision late Tuesday, planned to end the contest formally in a televised evening speech of perhaps 10 minutes, advisers said.They said that Senator Joseph Lieberman, his vice presidential running mate, would first make brief comments. The men would speak from a ceremonial chamber of the Old Executive office Building, to the west of the White House.The dozens of political workers and lawyers who had helped lead Mr. Gore's unprecedented fight to claw a come-from-behind electoral victory in the pivotal state of Florida were thanked Wednesday and asked to stand down.“The vice president has directed the recount committee to s uspend activities,William Daley, the Gore campaign chairman, said in a written statement.Mr. Gore authorized that statement after meeting with his wife, Tipper, and with top advisers including Mr. Daley.He was expected to telephone Mr. Bush during the day. The Bush campaign kept a low profile and moved gingerly, as if to leave space for Mr. Gore to contemplate his next steps.Yet, at the end of a trying and tumultuous process that had focused world attention on sleepless vote counters across Florida, and on courtrooms form Miami to Tallahassee to Atlanta to Washington the Texas governor was set to become the 43rd U. S. president.The news of Mr. Gore's plans followed the longest and most rancorous dispute over a U. S. presidential election in more than a century, one certain to leave scars in a badly divided country.It was a bitter ending for Mr. Gore, who had outpolled Mr. Bush nationwide by some 300000 votes, but, without Florida, fell short in the Electoral College by 271 votes to 267—the narrowest Electoral College victory since the turbulent election of 1876.Mr. Gore was said to be distressed by what he and many Democratic activists felt was a partisan decision from the nation's highest court.The 5-4 decision of the Supreme Court held, in essence, that while a vote recount in Florida could be conducted in legal and constitutional fashion, as Mr. Gore had sought, this could not be done by the Dec. 12 deadline for states to select their presidential electors.James Baker 3rd, the former secretary of state who represented Mr. Bush in the Florida dispute, issued a short statement after the U. S. high court ruling, saying that the governor was “very pleased and gratified.^^Mr. Bush was planning a nationwide speech aimed at trying to begin to heal the country's deep, aching and varied divisions. He then was expected to meet with congressional leaders, including Democrats. Dick Cheney, Mr. Bush's ruling mate, was meeting with congressmen Wednesday in Washington.When Mr. Bush, who is 54, is sworn into office on Jan.20, he will be only the second son of a president to follow his father to the White House, after John Adams and John Quincy Adams in the early 19th century.Mr. Gore, in his speech, was expected to thank his supporters, defend his hive-week battle as an effort to ensure, as a matter of principle, that every vote be counted, and call for the nation to join behind the new president. He was described by an aide as “resolved and resigned.”While some constitutional experts had said they believed states could present electors as late as Dec. 18, the U. S. high court made clear that it saw no such leeway.The U.S. high court sent back “fbr revision“ to the Florida court its order allowing recounts but made clear that for all practical purposes the election was over.In its unsigned main opinion, the court declared, u The recount process, in its features here described, is inconsistent with the minimum procedures necessary to protect the fundamental right of each voter.”That decision, by a court fractured along philosophical lines, left one liberal justice charging that the high court's proceedings bore a political taint.Justice? John Paul Stevens wrote in an angry dissent: ''Although we may never know with complete certainty the identity of the winner of this year's presidential election, the identity of the loser is perfectly clear. It is the nation's confidence in the judge as an impartial guardian of the law.”But at the end of five seemingly endless weeks, during which the physical, legal and constitutional machines of the U. S. election were pressed and sorely tested in ways unseen inmore than a century, the system finally produced a result, and one most Americans appeared to be willing at lease provisionally to support.The Bush team welcomed the news with an outward show of restraint and aplomb. The governor's hopes had risen and fallen so many times since Election night, and the legal warriors of each side suffered through so many dramatic reversals, that there was little energy left for celebration.36.The main idea of this passage is .A.Gore is distressedB.The process of the American presidential electionC.The Supreme Court plays a very important part in the presidential electionD.Bush's victory in presidential election bore a political taint37.What does the sentence “as if to leave space for Mr. Gore to contemplate his next step” mean?A.Bush hopes Gore to join his administration.B.Bush hopes Gore to congratulate him.C.Bush hopes Gore to concede defeat and to support him.D.Bush hopes Gore go on fighting with him.38.Why couldn't Mr. Gore win the presidential election after he out-polled Mr. Bush in thepopular vote?A.Because the American president is elected by a slate of presidential electors.B.Because the American president is decided by the supreme court's decision.C.Because people can't directly elect their president.D.Because the people of each state support Mr. Bush.39.What was the result of the 5-4 decision of the supreme court ?A.It was in fact fbr the vote recount.B.It was in essence against the vote recount.C.It decided the fate of the winner.D.It had nothing to do with the presidential election.40.What did the ''turbulent election of 1876" imply?A.The process of presidential election of 2000 was the same as that.B.It was given an example.C.It was compared to presidential election of 2000.D.There were great similarities between the two presidential elections (2000 and 1876). 111.Short answer questions (5X2 points = 10 points )Directions: In this section, there is one passage followed by 5 questions. Read the passage and answer the questions briefly based on the information from the passage on the ANSWER SHEET,Social circumstances in Early Modem England mostly served to repress women's voices. Patriarchal culture and institutions constructed them as chaste, silent, obedient, and subordinate. At the beginning of the 17th century, the ideology of patriarchy, political absolutism, and gender hierarchy were reaffirmed powerfully by King James in The Trew Law of Free Monarchic and the Basilikon Doron; by that ideology the absolute power of God the supreme patriarch was seen to be imaged in the absolute monarch of the state and in the husband and father of a family.Accordingly, a woman's subjection, first to her father and then to her husband, imaged the subjection of English people to their monarch, and of all Christians to God. Also, the period saw an outpouring of repressive or overtly misogynist sermons, tracts, and plays, detailing women's physical and mental defects, spiritual evils, rebelliousness, shrewishness, and natural inferiority to men.Yet some social and cultural conditions served to empower women. During the Elizabethan era (1558—1603) the culture was dominated by a powerful Queen, who provided an impressive female example though she left scant cultural space for other women. Elizabethan women writers began to produce original texts but were occupied chiefly with translation. In the 17th century, however, various circumstances enabled women to write original texts in some numbers. For one thing, some counterweight to patriarchy was provided by female communities-mothers and daughters, extended kinship networks, close female friends, the separate court of Queen Anne (King James' consort) and her often oppositional masques and political activities. For another, most of these women had a reasonably good education (modern languages, history, literature, religion, music, occasionally Latin) and some apparently found in romances and histories more expansive terms for imagining women's lives. Also, representation of vigorous and rebellious female characters in literature and especially on the stage no doubt helped to undermine any monolithic social construct of women's mature and role.Most important, perhaps, was the radical potential inherent in the Protestant insistence on every Christian's immediate relationship with God and primary responsibility to follow his or her individual conscience. There is plenty of support in St Paul's epistles and elsewhere in the Bible for patriarchy and a will's subjection to her husband, but some texts (notably Galatians 3:28) inscribe a very different politics, promoting women's spiritual equality: "There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither bond nor free, there is neither male nor female: for ye are all one in Jesus Christ.^^ Such texts encouraged some women to claim the support of God,the supreme patriarch against the various earthly patriarchs who claimed to stand toward them in his stead.There is also the gap or slippage between ideology and common experience. English women throughout the 17th century exercised a good deal of accrual power: as managers of estates in their husbands5 absences at court or on military and diplomatic missions; as members of guilds; as wives and mothers who apex during the English Civil War and Interregnum (1640-60) as the execution of the King and the attendant disruption of social hierarchies led many women to seize new roles-as preachers, as prophetesses, as deputies for exiled royalist husbands, as writers of religious and political tracts.Questions41.What does this passage mainly talk about?42.Did the Queen Elizabeth do much especially for the women in culture?43.Please list three of the reasons to enable women to write original texts.。

全国8大分校·出题人阅卷人加盟·多对一跟踪督促·精准考研信息·考前绝密押题·复试协议保过高端状元集训营·一对一押题保分·专业课视频课程·全套真题（含解析）笔记·专业课押题卷外交学院翻译硕士英语口译考研资料-考研考博一．外交学院外国语学院英语笔译考研内容分析专业招生人数初试复试英语口译年份统考推免政治100分翻译硕士英语100分英语翻译基础150分汉语写作与百科知识150分 1.笔试时间为120分钟，满分为100分。

各专业笔试内容为：英语写作2.英语口译（专业学位）专业面试形式为交替传译（英译汉、汉译英）满分100分。

2014151020152911201617+13（调剂）11二．育明考研考博辅导中心武老师解析：关于外交学院翻译硕士英语口译2016年的招生信息武老师解析：1，外交学院16年招生人数没有招满，调剂13人，统招17人，共计30人，推免11人。

分数线350分，和国家线持平。

2，外交学院只有口译专业，专业势力非常强，研究生期间开设的课程比较多，学生会接触到很多实践机会，整体上英语系毕业生得到了社会各界的广泛认可和用人单位的普遍好评。

毕业生当年的初次就业率一直保持较高水平，近年来毕业生当年初次就业率均接近100%。

3，外交学院真题来看，难度中等偏上，但是题量比较大，要多做模拟题，把握时间安排。

外院的老师侧重翻译，会有压分现象。

大家课下要好好练习翻译，掌握精髓。

4，外院不公布真题和参考书，很多考生觉得无从下手，但是没有参考书并不能阻碍什么。

考研，非参加知识竞赛，背书即可。

研究生入学考试，考的是语言能力，不是考记忆力。

育明教育考博分校针对外交学院翻译硕士专业考研开设的辅导课程有：专业课一对一·全程集训营·视频班·复试保过班·高端协议班。

每年专业课课程班的平均通过率都在85%以上。

2012年天津外国语大学英语专业（英美文学）真题试卷.doc2012年天津外国语大学英语专业（英美文学）真题试卷(总分：42.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、填空题(总题数：17，分数：34.00)1. 1by 2records the history of modern civilization advancing on the receding wilderness, and its basic conflict is between the protagonist who insists on man"s old forest freedom and the judge who believes that man remains savage without law and order.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________2."To speak truly, few adult persons can see nature. Most persons do not see the sun. At least they have a very superficial seeing. The sun illuminates only the eye of the man, but shines into the eye and the heart of the 1. " These lines are taken from Nature by 2.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________3.Isabel Archer, who comes to Europe with a will to live a free life only to become the victim of two American expatriates" scheming, is the protagonist of 1by 2.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________4.In 1, Stephen Crane has 2as the historical setting to faithfully represent the cowardice and fear of the protagonist who tries to flee from the combat.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________5."The Burial of the Dead," "A Game of Chess," "The Fire Sermon," " Death by Water," and "What the Thunder Said" compose the five parts of the poem 1.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________6. 1"s play 2successfully portrays the Wingfields as a family of escapists who are indulged in their own illusory worlds.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________7.Most of 1"s heroes are Jewish intellectuals or writers who, facing violence and victimization, try to discover "the queerness of existence" and overcome it.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________8.In 1, the unnamed African American who is trapped in a coal-filled manhole recalls his past experiences from a small southern town to New York.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________9. 1is regarded by many critics as the earliest narrative poem in the history of British literature.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________10.John Bunyan is an English novelist of the 17th century. The main narrative technique he uses in his famous work The Pilgrim"s Progress is 1.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________11.In the 18th century, heroic couplet as a poetic medium reached its perfection in the hands of（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________12.In 1"s 2, the protagonist begins as a man of integrity anda pillar of his countiy, but ends with a tragic vision of human existence, voicing that " Life is a tale told by an idiot, full of sound and fury, signifying nothing. "（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________13.The poem 1 by Samuel Taylor Coleridge literally relates how a king commands a palace to be built, but thematically suggests that a great poet has to touch hell and the unconsciousin order to see into the essence of things and compose great poetry.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________14. 1by 2 traces the growth of young Pip from innocence to experience and from immaturity to maturity.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________15.In "My Last Duchess," Robert Browning employs 1as the poetic form to have the speaker reveal his inner psychology.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________16.The three major characters in 1"s masterpiece 2represent three different human archetypes in education, taste, and attitude toward life, with Stephen Dedalus the most cultured, Leopold Bloom in the middle of the social and educational ladder, and Molly settling comfortably at the bottom.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________17. 1is an example of paradox.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________二、分析题(总题数：4，分数：8.00)18.By Aristotle"s definition of tragedy, a tragic character suffers the change of fortune from good to bad, order to disorder, and this change is a result not of vice but of some great error or frailty in character. Analyze the tragic flaw of a character in American or British literature.（分数：2.00）________________________________________________________________ __________________________ 19.As a theorist of short story, Edgar Allan Poe proposes that the first sentence should help bring out the single effect of the story. Explain what is the single effect of "The Fall of the House of Usher" and how it is achieved through the beginning sentence.（分数：2.00）________________________________________________________________ __________________________ 20.Define and illustrate what the omniscient point of view is with reference to one novel by Jane Austen or Charles Dickens.（分数：2.00）________________________________________________________________ __________________________ 21.Writers or poets are often lumped together as a group for the same artistic assertion they share or the same significant social event(s)they are influenced by. The Lost Generation is a particular term referring to the writers and artists who spoke for the young people that came of age during and shortly after the First World War, alternatively known as the World War I generation. Please describe the characteristics of " The Lost Generation" with references to writers and literary works.（分数：2.00）________________________________________________________________ __________________________。

财教创办北大、人大、中、北外授 训营对视频集、一一保分、、小班
2013年南开大学
英语翻译硕士
考研真题及答案解析
育明教育梁老师提醒广大考生:
历年考研真题资料是十分珍贵的,研究真题有利于咱们从中分析出题人的思路和心态,因为每年专业课考试不管在题型还是在内容上都有很高的相似度，考研学子们一定要重视.
有什么疑问可以随时联系育明教育梁老师,我会为根据各位考生的具体情况提供更加有针对性的指导。

翻译硕士英语
作文：What Can We Do with a Smartphone?
英语翻译基础
一、英汉互译
RCEP ，Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution 皇家环境污染委员会
a bull market ，牛市，价格上涨的市场
Russian ruble ，俄罗斯卢布
anti-dumping ，反倾销
stock in trade ，库存, 存货
paid on delivery ，货到付款
unanimous vote ，全票通过
carbon footprint ，碳足迹
recursive function ，递归函数
provisional agenda ，临时议程
ready-made garment ，成衣
United Nation secretariat ，联合国秘书处。

2017年云南昆明理工大学翻译硕士英语考研真题A卷Part Ⅰ Vocabulary and Structure (1x30=30 points)In this section, there are thirty incomplete sentences. For each sentence four alternatives are given. Decide which of the alternatives A, B, C or D best completes the sentence. Write the appropriate letter on the ANSWER SHEET.1．Prof. Ward hardly ever went to ________ the theatre.A.neither the cinema norB. either the cinema norC. neither the cinema orD. either the cinema or2．Your advice would be ________ valuable to him, who is at present at his wit’s end.A.exceedinglyB. excessivelyC. extensivelyD. exclusively 3．The monopoly-capitalist group ______ many smaller enterprises last year.A.integratedB. mergedC. combinedD. collected4．This watch is ________ to all the other watches on the market.A.superiorB. advantageousC. superD. beneficial 5．Scholars maintain that social development can easily ________ language changes.A.bring upB. bring aboutC. bring outD. bringforward6．They are a firm of good repute and have large financial ________.A.reservesB. savingsC. storagesD. resources7．The bus moved slowly in the thick fog. We arrived at our ________ almost two hours later.A. designationB. destinyC. destinationD. dignity 8．The government is trying to do something to ________ better understanding between the two countries.A.raiseB. promoteC. heightenD.increase9．Every man in this country has the right to live where he wants to, ________ the color of his skin.A.with the exception ofB. in the light ofC. by virtue ofD. regardless of10. That sound doesn’t ________ in his language, so it’s difficult for him to pronounce it.B.happen B. occurC. haveD.take place11. My students found the book ________; it provided them with an abundance ofinformation on the subject.C.enlightening B. confusing C. distractingD.amusing12. I _______ you that the goods will be delivered next week.A. insistB. confirmC. assureD. ensureing extremely different decorating schemes in adjoining rooms may result in________ and lack of unity in style.D.conflict B. confrontation C. disturbance D.disharmony14.The rules stated that anyone who had held office for three years was not ______for reelection.A.admirableB. eligibleC. reliableD. capable15.Negro slavery, many claimed, was good for all ________.A. concernedB. is concernedC. to concernD. that concerns16.I am sure I can ________ him into letting us stay in the hotel for the night.A.speakB. sayC. talkD. tell17.The director was critical ______ the way we were doing the work.A. atB. inC. ofD. with18.In a sudden ________ of anger, the man tore up everything within reach.A.attackB. burstC. splitD. blast19.The farmers were more anxious for rain than the people in the city because theyhad more at ________.A. dangerB. stakeC. lossD. threat20.I felt ________ to death because I could make nothing of the chairman’s speech.A. fatiguedB. tiredC. exhaustedD. bored21.When the engine would not start, the mechanic inspected all the parts to findwhat was at ________.A .wrong B. trouble C. fault D. difficulty22.When we listen to music, we are easily ______ of events in the past.A. rememberedB. reflectedC. memorizedD. reminded23.They gave ________ broadcast while the performance was in process on the stage.A. liveB. livingC. livelyD. alive24.Travelling and meeting new people ________ the mind of young people.A. expandedB. enlargedC. broadenedD. extended25.Dr. Smith failed many times but he finally ________ to find a successful wayto solve the problem.A.broke offB. broke downC. broke outD. broke through26.Peter will ________ as managing director when Bill retires.A. take offB. take over C, take to D. take up27.Benjamin Franklin, tactless in his youth, became so diplomatic, so ________at handling people that he was made American Ambassador to France.A. adroitB. shrewdC. considerateD. foxyplicated ________ it is, the problem can be solved in only 2 hours with anelectronic computer.A.likeB. asC. howeverD. even if29.Mary has brown hair. In fact, it’s quite similar in shape ________ yours.A.withB. toC. likeD. as30.That trumpet player was certainly loud, but I wasn’t bothered by his loudness________by his lack of talent.A.asB. thanC. rather thanD. so much asPart II Reading Comprehension ( 40 points )Section A: In this section, there are three passages. Each passage is followedby some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the BEST choices and then write the appropriate answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(2x15 =30 points)Passage 1Housing is recognized as a “socially determinant variable”. In France, housingis the main item of expenditure in the family budget (accounting for an averageof 29 percent), and many families would be unable to find decent housing withouthelp from the State. For a long time, the main problem was the housing shortagebut in recent years the deterioration of housing conditions has been even greater cause for concern.Despite extensive construction programs, the problem of housing for the most underprivileged population groups has not been solved. According to the so-called Petrequin Report, between 2 and 3 million families had serious difficulties meetingtheir housing costs and were living in precarious and uncomfortable conditions.Policies designed to address the housing problem have shifted over the pastfew decades from a macroeconomic approach promoting construction to housing subsidies. The reasons for this shift can be betrayed to a determination to limit public spending and to avoid some of the perverse effects of macroeconomic policies.The State has to some extent ceased to finance housing, especially the constructionof new projects, with the result that the cost is now chiefly and directly borneby the family budget. Many underprivileged families, which were excluded fromlow-rent housing for various reasons (selection of tenants, saturation of existing capacity, insolvency), had no alternative but to purchase their own home and were encouraged to do so without restraint by the then easy terms of housing loans. The housing sector thus contributed to the development of the “economy of indebtedness”.It should indeed be emphasized that “widespread home ownership through recourseto borrowing could only be to the detriment of low-income families”.In Belgium, the quality of housing, considered the prime indicator of housing deprivation, leaves much to be desired. Low-rent housing projects have been cutback as part of the austerity(缩减) policy pursued by the national and regional governments, and low-income households are finding it increasingly difficult tofind somewhere to live. The number of homeless has also taken on alarming proportions.An estimated 3,000 persons spend the night in refuges, but the figure is probably much higher. Moreover, the number of homeless women and young persons is increasing.1. According to the passage, housing is ______.A. solved socially and perfectlyB. unchangeableC. not determining in the social lifeD. socially determinant and changeable2. In recent years, the main problem about housing is ______.A. the housing shortageB. the deterioration of housing conditionsC. the ineffectiveness in the construction programsD. the shortage of housing subsidies3. The main approach taken by governments to address the housing is ______.A. extensive construction programsB. housing subsidies and loansC. limiting public spendingD. restraining housing purchasing4. According to the passage, which of the following statements is Not true?A. Widespread home ownership through recourse to borrowing led to the detrimentof low-income families.B. I Belgium, low-rent housing projects have been cut back by the national andregional governments for the number of number of homeless has decreased greatly.C. Despite extensive construction programs, the problems of housing for poorpeople has not been solved.D. Many underprivileged families, excluded from low-rent housing for variousreasons had to buy their own home with the help of the housing loans.5. The subject of the passage is ______.A. housingB. family budgetC. family incomeD. under-privilegePassage 2The liberal view of democratic citizenship that developed in the 17th and 18th centuries was fundamentally different from that of the classical Greeks. The pursuit of private interests with as little interference as possible from government was seen as the road to human happiness and progress rather than the public obligations and involvement in the collective community that were emphasized by the Greeks. Freedom was to be realized by limiting the scope of governmental activity and political obligation and not through immersion in the collective life of the polis. The basic role of the citizen was to select governmental leaders and keep the powers and scope of the public authority in check. On the liberal view, the rights of citizens against the state were the focus of special emphasis.Over tie, the liberal democratic notion of citizenship developed in two directions. First, there was a movement to increase the proportion of members of society who were qualified to participate as citizens—especially through extending the right of voting—and to ensure the basic political equality of all. Second, there was a broadening of the legitimate activities of government and a use ofgovernmental power to redress imbalances in social and economic life. political citizenship became an instrument through which groups and classes with sufficient numbers of votes could use the state power to enhance their social and economic well-being.Within the general liberal view of democratic citizenship, tensions have developed over the degree to which government can and should be used as an instrument for promoting happiness and well-being. Political philosopher Martin Diamond has categorized two views of democracy as follows. On the one hand, there is the “libertarian” perspective that stresses the private pursuit of happiness and emphasizes the necessity for restraint on government and protection of individual liberties. On the other hand, there is the “majoritarian” view that emphasizes the “task of the government to uplift and aid the common man against the malefactors of great wealth.” The tensions between these two views are very clear today. Taxpayer revolts and calls for smaller government and less government regulation clash with demands for greater government involvement in the economic marketplace and the social sphere.6. The author’s primary purpose is to ______.A. study ancient concepts of citizenshipB. contrast different notions of citizenshipC. criticize modern libertarian democracyD. describe the importance of universal suffrage7. It can be inferred from the passage that the Greek word polis means ______.A. family lifeB. military serviceC. marriageD. political community8. The author cites Martin Diamond because the author ______.A. regards Martin Diamond as an authority on political philosophyB. wishes to refute Martin Diamond’s views on citizenshipC. needs a definition of the term “citizenship”D. wants voters to support Martin Diamond as a candidate for public office9. According to the passage, all of the following are characteristics of the liberal idea of government that would distinguish the liberal idea of government from the Greek idea of government Except ______.A. the emphasis on the rights of private citizensB. the activities government may legitimately pursueC. the obligation of citizens to participate in governmentD. the size of the geographical area controlled by a government10. A majoritarian would be most likely to favor legislation that would _____.A. eliminate all restrictions on individual libertyB. out spending for social welfare programsC. provide greater protection for consumersD. raise taxes on average worker and cut taxes on businessPassage 3When we are speaking casually, we call Nineteen Eighty-four a novel, but ina more exacting context we call it a political fable. This requirement is not deniedby the fact that the book is preoccupied with an individual, Winston Smith, whosuffers from a varicose ulcer(静脉曲张性溃疡), nor by the fact that it takes accountof other individuals, including Julia, Mr. Charrington, Mrs. Parsons, Syme, andO’Brien. The figures claim our attention, but they exist mainly in their relationto the political system that determines them. It would indeed be possible to thinkof them as figures in a novel, though in that case they would have to be imaginedin a far more diverse set of relations. They would no longer inhabit or sustaina fable, because a fable is a narrative relieved of much contingent detail so thatit may stand forth in an unusual degree of clarity and simplicity. A fable is a structure of types, each of them deliberately simplified, lest a sense of differenceand heterogeneity reduce the force of the typical. Let us say, then, that NineteenEighty-four is a political fable projected into a near future and incorporating historical references mainly to document a canceled past.Since a fable is predicated upon a typology, it must be written from a certain distance. The author cannot afford the sense of familiarity which is caused by detailand differentiation. A fable, in this respect, asks to be compared to a caricature,not to a photograph. It follows that in a political fable there is bound to be sometension between a political sense, which deals in the multiplicity of social and personal life, and a sense of fable, which is committed to simplicity of form and feature. If the political sense were to prevail, the narrative would be drawn awayfrom fable into the novel, at some cost to its simplicity. If the sense of fablewere to prevail, the fabulist（寓言家） would station himself at such a distancefrom any imaginary conditions in the case that his narrative would appear unmediated,free of conditions. The risk in that procedure would be considerable: a reader mightfeel that the fabulist has lost interest in the variety of human life and fallenback upon an unconditioned sense of its types, that he has become less interestedin lives than in a particular idea of life. the risk is greater still if the fabulistproject his narrative into the future: the reader can’t question by appealing tothe conditions of life he already knows. He is asked to believe that the futureis another country and that “they just so things differently there.”In a powerful fable the reader’s feeling is likely to be mostly fear: he isafraid that the fabulist’s vision of any life that is likely to arise may be accurateand will be verified in the event. The fabulist’s feeling may be more various.Such a fable as Nineteen Eighty-four might arise fro disgust, despair, orwould-weariness induced by evidence that nothing, despite one’s best efforts, has changed and that it is too late now to hope for the change one wants.11. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the passage?A. A Critical Study of the Use of Characters in Nineteen Eighty-fourB. Nineteen Eighty-four: Political fable Rather Than NovelC. The use of Typology in the Literature of Political FablesD. Nineteen Eighty-four: Reflections on the Relationship of the Individual toSociety12. Which of the following best explains why the author mentions that Winston Smithsuffers from a varicose ulcer?A. To demonstrate that a political fable must emphasize type over detailB. To show that Winston Smith has some characteristics that distinguish him asan individualC. To argue that Winston Smith is no more important than any other characterin Nineteen Eighty-fourD. To illustrate one of the features of the political situation described inNineteen Eighty-four13. The “tension” that the author mentions (para. 2) refers to the ______.A. necessity of striking a balance between the need to describe a politicalsituation in simple terms and the need to make the description realisticB. reaction the reader feels because he is drawn to the characters of the fableas individuals but repulsed by the political situationC. delicate task faced by a literary critic who must interpret the text of awork while attempting to describe accurately the intentions of the author D. danger that too realistic a description of a key character will make the readerfeel that the fable is actually a description of a key character will make the reader feel that the fable is actually a description of his own situation 14. The author’s attitude toward Nineteen Eighty-four can be best described as______.A. condescendingB. disparagingC. scholarlyD. ironic15. The author uses the phrase “another country” in the last sentence in the secondparagraph to describe a political fable in which ______.A. political events described in a fable occur in a place other than the countryof national origin of the authorB. a lack of detail makes it difficult for a reader to see the connection betweenhis own situation and the one described in the bookC. too many minor characters created the impression of complete disorganization,leading the reader to believe he is in a foreign countryD. the author has allowed his personal political convictions to infect hisdescription of the political situationSection B: Read the following passage and answer the questions followed and write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (2x5 =10 points) If sustainable competitive advantage depends on work-force skills, American firms have a problem. Human-resource management is not traditionally seen as a central to the competitive survival of the firm in the United States. Skill acquisition is considered an individual responsibility. Labor is simply another factor of production to be hired – rented at the lowest possible cost – much as one buys raw materials or equipment.The lack of importance attached to human-resource management can be seen inthe corporate hierarchy. In an American firm the chief financial officer is almost always second in command. The post of head of human-resource management is usually a specialized job, off at the edge of the corporate hierarchy. The executive who holds it is never consulted on major strategic decisions and has no chance to move up to Chief Executive Officer (CEO). By way of contrast, in Japan the head of human-resource management is central –usually the second most important executive, after the CEO, in the firm’s hierarchy.While American firms often talk about the vast amounts spent on training their work forces, in fact they invest less in the skills of their employees than do either Japanese or German firms. The money they do invest is also more highly concentrated on professional and managerial employees. And the limited investments that are made in training workers are also much more narrowly focused on the specific skills necessary to do the next job rather than on the basic background skill that make it possible to absorb new technologies.As a result, problems emerge when new breakthrough technologies arrive. If American workers, for example, take much longer to learn how to operate new flexible manufacturing stations than workers on Germany (as they do), the effective cost of those stations is lower in Germany than it is in the United States. More time is required before equipment is up and running at capacity, and the need for extensive retraining generates costs and creates bottlenecks that limit the speed with which new equipment can be employed. The result is a slower pace of technological change. And in the end the skills of the bottom half of the population affect the wages of the top half. If the bottom half can’t effectively staff the processes that have to be operated, the management and professional jobs that go with these processes will disappear.1. According to the passage, what are the major problems American firms faces?2. What is the difference between the position of human-resource management in US and in Japan?3. Where does the money most American firms put in training mainly go?4. According to the passage, in training workers, what should be taken into consideration?5. What is the main idea of the passage?Part Ⅲ Writing (30 points)Some Chinese universities are considering a limit on the increasing number of visitors to their campuses amid concerns that the tourists might disrupt the running of the university.Should visitors be banned or restricted from entering the campuses? Write a passage on the issue. You should clearly state your opinion and explain the reasons for your opinion.Your essay must be no less than 500 words and must be written on the ANSWER SHEET.。