西方文化概论-课后习题参考答案

西方文化概论考试题一、选择题1. 西方文化的起源可以追溯到以下哪个时期？A. 古希腊时期B. 文艺复兴时期C. 工业革命时期D. 当代现代化时期2. 哪位希腊哲学家被认为是西方文化的奠基人？A. 亚里士多德B. 柏拉图C. 西塞罗D. 苏格拉底3. 文艺复兴运动是在哪个国家兴起的？A. 法国B. 英国C. 意大利D. 德国4. 哪本书是英国文艺复兴时期最重要的著作之一？A. 《圣经》B. 《简·爱》C. 《哈姆雷特》D. 《唐吉诃德》5. 哪位科学家被称为现代物理学之父？A. 牛顿B. 达尔文C. 哥白尼D. 欧几里德二、判断题判断下列说法是否正确，正确的在括号内写“√”，错误的写“×”。

1. （√）《罗密欧与朱丽叶》是莎士比亚的作品，属于英国文艺复兴时期的戏剧。

2. （×）文艺复兴运动对欧洲其他国家的文化影响不大，主要局限于意大利地区。

3. （√）工业革命对西方社会产生了巨大的影响，使之从传统农业社会转变为现代工业社会。

4. （×）西方文化的核心是个人主义和自由，与集体主义和权威主义完全不同。

5. （√）西方文化中的人文主义强调人的尊严和价值，提倡人类的自由发展和个体意识的觉醒。

三、问答题1. 请简要介绍西方文化的主要特点和价值观。

西方文化的主要特点包括个人主义、理性主义、人权和科学精神等。

个人主义强调个体的独立性和个人权利，在人际关系和社会交往中强调个体的意愿和选择。

理性主义崇尚理性思维和科学方法，在知识的获取和问题解决中强调逻辑和分析。

人权是西方文化的核心价值观之一，认为每个人都享有平等的尊重和权利。

科学精神是对客观世界的追求和理解，注重实证和证据的支持。

2. 西方文化中的哪些艺术形式对世界产生了深远的影响？西方文化中的艺术形式包括文学、音乐、绘画、雕塑、戏剧和电影等。

其中，莎士比亚的戏剧作品被认为是世界戏剧史上的巅峰之作，对后世的文学和戏剧创作产生了深远的影响。

《西方文化概论》单选题1．奥运会最早是一种（C ）。

A、体育比赛B、筛选官兵的方式C、祭祀活动D、娱乐活动2．被誉为希腊哲学之父的是（D ）。

A、柏拉图B、亚里士多德C、苏格拉底D、泰勒斯3．伯里克利当时著名的“丧葬演讲”是为悼念（B ）所亡。

A、希波战争B、伯罗奔尼撒战争C、雅斯战争D、雅波战争4．根据考古发掘，西方文明起始于（C ）左右以前。

A、3000年B、4000年C、4500年D、5000年5．公元前9世纪，（A ）字母传入希腊文明。

A、腓尼基B、线性C、楔形D、拉丁6．古希腊戏剧的诞生与（D ）有关。

A、宙斯B、智慧女神C、日神D、酒神7．古希腊戏剧的主要内容是（A ）。

A、古代的神话传说B、百姓生活C、贵族生活D、以上都不对8．荷马和赫西俄德生活在（B ）。

A、克里特文明时期B、黑暗时代将尽C、城邦文明时期D、以上都不对9．克里特文明从公元前（B ）以后就开始突然衰落了。

A、16世纪B、15世纪C、14世纪D、13世纪10．迈锡尼文明时期，北方入侵的三支浪潮中，（A ）。

A、第一支浪潮是和平渗透B、第一、二支是和平渗透C、第一、二支是暴力入侵D、第一、三支是暴力入侵11．斯巴达最初的法律包括哪三个方面？（B ）A、政治、军事、生活B、政治、生活、经济C、军事、生活、经济D、政治、军事、经济12．西方文明最早的源头是（C ）。

A、埃及B、罗马C、克里特岛D、以上都对13．希腊城邦时代，古希腊人受教育的方式主要是（C ）。

A、听游吟诗人吟唱B、观看斗兽竞技C、观看戏剧D、阅读诗书14．希腊城邦文明最鼎盛时期持续的时间是（D ）。

A、公元前8世纪－公元前6世纪前半叶B、公元前7世纪－公元前5世纪后半叶C、公元前7世纪－公元前4世纪后半叶D、公元前6世纪－公元前4世纪后半叶15．希腊城邦制度以（B ）作为出现的标志。

A、腓尼基文字的传入B、第一届奥林匹亚竞技会C、第一个酒神节D、三权分立的政治体制16．希腊的悲剧和近代悲剧相比，一个明显的特点就是希腊悲剧以（B ）为主题。

••••••••••••••当前位置：›西方文化导论课后复习题西方文化导论课后复习题1.Give a brief account of the major achievements of Greek culture, such as those in religion, philosophy, literature and science.Greek religion really took shape during the Homeric Age，and featured polytheism with gods taking human form and feeling. Greek religion made a great contribution to Greek literature, philosophy and art. It is an important origin of Greek mythology ，Greek philosophy started with Thales (640 BC-547 BC) who believed that the material world originated in water，The core Greek philosophers are Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. Socrates had scant regard for material wealth, Plato established the Academy - the first Greek institution of higher learning.Literary representation centred round the two epicpoems of the Iliad and the Odyssey。

2 What do you think of the influence Greek culture has exerted on Western Civilization as a whole? Give examples.Greek culture is often termed the cradle of the Western Civilization and has had an enormous impact on Western culture The specific contributions are found in the areas of philosophy, politics, literature, art, science and architecture.Greek politics was one of the greatest influences on Western Civilization. The second significant influence was that of philosophy，give sound guidance to later year people to improve and change the world outside themselves。

如何认识雅典与斯巴达的政治体制差异与文化差异？（雅典以民主制为基础）政治制度：斯巴达实行寡头制，元老院有28名元老2名国王，五人监察团，定期分配土地，设立公共食堂；雅典民主制，四百人会议，五百人会议，公民陪审法庭，公民大会权利大于斯巴达公民大会，轮流执政文化：斯巴达简朴无华，不知贪婪和匮乏，靠着严峻的法律和艰苦的锻炼培养集体主义的勇敢精神；雅典爱美成性，追求高雅华美的的生活格调，重视财富和享乐，出于对自由和光荣的热爱而发展独立的个性。

赫西俄德的《神谱》具有什么文化学意义一、它通过神系的繁衍生殖的原则反映了一种朴素的宇宙起源论和自然演化观。

《神谱》描写了希腊人心目中的自开天辟地后诸神系谱，从而把希腊神话纳入一个统一体。

书中谈及的宇宙起源等问题都是后来神学家、哲学家关注的问题，他对古希腊自然神学和自然哲学产生了重要影响。

二、蕴含着一种以自我否定为动力的社会进化思想。

——”命运决定论”。

希腊神话的源流及谱系希腊神话主要是地中海神话与北方印欧语神话相融合的结果。

谱系见书15A、反映了古代希腊人以生殖原则为纽带的宇宙起源和自然演化观点。

B、神权的替代和神系的更迭揭示了一种深刻的命运观。

希腊罗马文学1、希腊罗马神话：奥林匹斯神话英雄的传说2、荷马史诗：《伊利亚特》《奥德赛》3、希腊戏剧：希腊悲剧希腊喜剧4、寓言：《伊索寓言》文艺复兴文学（15—16世纪）意大利文学“三杰”及作品：但丁与《神曲》；彼德拉克与《歌集》；薄伽丘与《十日谈》塞万提斯与莎士比亚（1）塞万提斯与《唐吉诃德》（2）莎士比亚的悲剧和喜剧希腊神话的“神人同形同性”反映了什么样的文化精神希腊文化的自然崇拜和感觉主义，希腊人是朴素的唯物主义者，他们对于肉体的重视甚于对精神的关怀，对现实生活的关注甚于对彼岸世界的向往。

希腊悲剧的“命运”主题具有什么深刻寓意？是自由意志与潜藏在其背后的决定论，，是自己对自己的否定，希腊悲剧是一种更加深刻的悲剧，它把悲剧理解为人的自为存在（自由意志）与自在存在（“命运”）之间的一场不可避免的永恒冲突。

西方文化概论考试题及答案本页仅作为文档封面，使用时可以删除This document is for reference only-rar21year.March《西方文化概论》期末作业之一：请以教材各章为中心，就其中你所感兴趣的内容列举十五则思考题，并分别试作简要回答（每题6分且限100字以内，共90分）。

问题一：两河流域有什么特殊之处导致人类文明在此首先出现答案：根据“地理环境决定论”（1）两河流域自然环境恶劣，农业生产需依靠人工灌溉体系，这促进了群体合作，导致社会分工、职业专门化和新型社会组织形态出现。

（2）两河流域自然资源贫乏，促进了该地区贸易的发展，进而推动了文明进步。

问题二：尼罗河孕育了灿烂的古埃及文明，谈谈尼罗河对埃及文明特征的影响。

答案：埃及文明以恒久和宁静著称（1）尼罗河有规律的定期泛滥为来年带来丰收的期盼，使人们有一种稳定和乐观感。

（2）尼罗河特殊的地理位置，使埃及与外部世界相对隔绝，不易遭受外族侵扰，社会生活呈现安宁、稳定和同一的特征。

问题三：从实用文化层面上，简谈近东文明是从哪些方面对西方文明产生影响的答案：（1）书写艺术（2）技术方面，包括建筑学、测量学，军事技术，制陶、雕刻艺术等（3）科学方面，包括文学、数学、几何学、修辞学等（4）贸易的艺术，钱币的使用，以法组织、规范社会，外交手段的运用都由两河流域和埃及人首创。

问题四：古希腊文明的特点是什么答案：（1）古希腊指的是一个文化地理概念，没有同一国家的概念。

（2）不存在拥有很大政治权利和干预世俗生活的宗教力量。

（3）关注人类自身问题，对人本主义和理性精神的不懈追求是希腊文化的根本特征。

问题五：雅典是如何成为希腊地区一大强盛城邦的答案：雅典被视为希腊民主制的典范，其新形式的政体有两个鲜明特征：任期限制和责任制，将权力与责任联系起来。

雅典所推行的一系列带有首创性的政治改革使其摆脱了长期内政的困扰，经济实力和政治影响均得到加强。

《西方文化概论》判断
题(含答案)
本页仅作为文档封面，使用时可以删除
This document is for reference only-rar21year.March
《西方文化概论》判断题
1．“阿德涅之线”和“代达罗斯的故事”都属于克里特神话。

（√）
2．伯里克利时期，雅典民主制度完成，形成三权分立的最初模型。

（√）
3．古希腊人以奥林匹亚竞技会作为纪元。

（√）
4．古希腊神话通过神系的生殖原则反映了朴素的宇宙起源观和自然演化观。

（√）
5．迈锡尼文明既有对克里特文明的借鉴，又有北方粗狂的特点。

（√）
6．迈锡尼文明最早是由希腊土居建立的。

（×）
7．斯巴达的社会被分为三个阶层，最顶层的是斯巴达人，其男性都是战士。

（√）
8．希腊悲剧的深刻性在于让人关注故事和英雄背后的命运。

（√）
9．希腊城邦文明时期的“殖民地”和现在意义上的的“殖民地”性质不同。

（√）
10．希腊城邦文明最鼎盛的时代也被称为“希腊化时代”。

（×）
11．希腊的立法者梭伦进行了更为彻底的政治改革，废除了债务奴隶。

（×）
12．希腊神话有个显著的特点是神兽同形同性。

（×）
13．希腊文明被称为西方文明的摇篮。

（√）
14．最早的希腊文明又被称为爱琴文明。

（√）。

1.Why is it said “The West is an idea”?Because it is not visible from space. Nothing comparable separates Asia from Europe, East from West.2.Where is the boundary between Europe and Asia? What or whodetermines it?The Ural Mountains. People, not geology, determined that the Urals should be the arbitrary boundary between Europe and Asia.3.Which part of the world did Europe originally refer to?Originally, Europe was a name that referred only to central Greece.4.Which part of the world did Asia initially refer to?Initially, Asia was only that small portion of what is today Turkey inland from the Aegean Sea.5.What are the origins of civilization?They are the cultural and social traditions characteristic of the city.6.Where did the “Western“ cities first appear?western “ cities appeared first outside the “west”, in the Tigris and Euphrates river basins in present-day Iraq and Iran, a region that we today call the Middle East.7.When did the idea of Western civilization finally establish based on themerging of different cultural and intellectual traditions?The 16th century.8.How did ”the West” expand to the “settler societies” of the Americans,Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa?The “the West”expanded by establishing colonies overseas and by giving rise to t he ”settler societies” of the Americans, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.9.Why does the author say that Western civilization has dominantinfluences on world civilization? Can you give some examples?Western technology for harnessing nature, Western forms of economic and political organization, Western styles of art and music are dominant influences in world civilization. For instance ,china, the most populous country in the world, adheres to Marxist socialist principles-a European political tradition.10.Where did Islam and Christianity start to develop?Judaism.11.What are the big problems caused by the Western tradition? Can you givesome examples?Terrorist attacks. For instance, anti-Western terrorism around the world.12.What keeps much of humanity in a seemingly hopeless cycle of poverty?The integration of developing nations into the world economy.13.What is the crisis the West is facing?Anti-Western terrorism around the world.14.What is the most important legacy that Western civilization has left to theworld?Inherited political and social institutions, cultural forms, and religious and philosophical traditions form the framework within which the future must be created.15.What attitude should we hold toward Western civilization?We must first understand it and use this legacy properly. Because understanding yesterday frees us to create tomorrow.Try to learn the story of “Golden Apple of Discord” by searching some information online. Then retell the story in your own words.Zeus held a banquet to celebrate the marriage of hero Peleus and Thetis who is goddess of the sea. However, Eris, goddess of discord was not invited for lack of cutlery made in gold. Feeling offended, Eris arrived at the celebration. she left a golden apple (the Apple of Discord) with the inscription which means for the fairest one.Three goddesses compete for the apple. They are Hera, Athena and Aphrodite. They asked Zeus to be the judge, but Zeus declared that Paris, a mortal prince, would judge which of them was the fairest. At that time, Paris was shepherding near the Trojan.all three of the candidates appeared to Paris on Mount Ida. Hera offered the power to make him king of Europe and Asia, Athena offered wisdom and skill, and Aphrodite offered the love of the world's most beautiful woman, Helen. Paris awarded the apple to Aphrodite. Then Aphrodite helped Paris to thieve Helen from Greek king Menelaus. And other two goddesses became enemies of Paris and Troy.The story mentioned above is the mythological basis of the Trojan War.Why did western civilization first appear in Greece?1.geographical condition. A large number of mountains, hills, valleys divided countryup in to small areas.so we can say geographical place of ancient Greece is unique. 2.Climate. It has a warm but rather dry climate.it is typical climate of the Mediterranean.It has warm winters and cool summers.3.Trade business. Ancient Greece lacks in some resources, like fuel and raw materials.Therefore, trade business is so developed in exchange for the materials Greece can not produce.4.Industry. Ancient Greece has many industries in great cities and many towns5.Cultural exchanges with other nations. While thousands of foreign merchants wereattracted to Greece, more and more local people went abroad. Opening to the outside world helps the Greek people broaden their views and increase knowledge 6.Sound administration by city governments.Give a brief account of the major achievements of Greek culture, such as those in mythology and religion, philosophy, literature, art and science. Give examples.Write at least 200 words.Greek religion is an important origin of Greek mythology which was developed by the Homeric epic- religious tales. Greek mythology and religion are not only a treasure house but also the soil for Greek art.Greek philosophy combined theoretical research with practical experience, and it achieved its high point in the history of human intellectual development. Thales is the earliest materialist and the representative of materialism. After that, more and more concepts about materialism, idealism and dialectics have emerged. But in Greece, the most influential philosophers were Socrates, Plato and Aristotle.Socrates believed that one must gain knowledge to acquire virtue, while virtue is a source of knowledge. Plato was Socrates’ student, and he established the Academy-the first institution of higher learning the world had ever seen. Aristotle moved away from Plato’s metaphysical beliefs, becoming increasingly con cerned with science and practical matters of the world. And his analyses exerted enormous influence on post generations of Western thinkers.Greek literature is considered to consist of epic, lyrical poetry and drama. The epic poetry in ancient Greece usually referred to two long narrative poems written by Homer-the Iliad and the Odyssey. Lyric poetry is another achievement of Greek literature. Greek drama originates from ceremonial and festival occasions. The best-known playwrights of this era were writers of tragedy -Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides, and Aristophanes who is the writer of comedy.What are the factors attributed to the decline of Roman Empire?Factors including political corruption, economic crises, class conflict lead the empire to collapse within. And the invasions and military threats cause it breakdown from outside.According to our lecture and based on your textbook, write a summary of the historical development of ancient Rome.No more than 300 words.At the beginning, Rome is just a city with many small villages in central Italy near seashore. It grew up on seven hills, so the ancient residents of this place were called Seven-Hill Ally. Then the developing city began to admit more tribes.Ancient Rome can be divided into three major periods. According to the tale, orphaned twins-Romulus and Remus have founded Rome at 735 B.C. They were reputedly descendants of Aeneas and suckled by a she-wolf. During in the regal period, Rome was ruled by seven kings. The last king was cruel, so he was consequently expelled before a republic was founded in place of the King’s reign.The historical process of Roman Republic began about 509 BC or so and lasted until over 500 years. In the republican period, the city was ruled by two consuls and a senate. Under the presiding of the Roman Republic, the city has transfer from provincial obscurity to domination of the whole Mediterranean.In 27 B.C, the Augustus founded his dictatorship in place of the republic. The Roman Empire was established with a territory stretching across the three continents. In about two centuries after Augustus took power, the Roman Empire reached its culmination. However, form the 5th century, the Roman Empire embarked on a path of decline.The Roman Empire had broken up into two parts. The Eastern Roman Empire had its capital established in Constantinople. The Western Roman Empire came to an end in 476 when the German mercenary troops deposed the last emperor Romulus Augustulus.本题要求总结归纳罗马女性社会地位的一些特点，根据书本进行说明Roman women had no social status and were denied of personal identity.1.Roman women were usually given only one name, either the feminine name forthe clan or the feminine name for the family, while Roman males had three names.2.Roman women can’t go to forum of Augustus, law court and senate house.3.Roman women were not allowed to see public fights and wrestling unless theybecame vestal virgin.In what sense do you think Roman culture owed its accomplishments to the benefits obtained from Greek culture? Give at least two examples.It is universally acknowledged that Roman culture learned and inherited a lot from Greek culture. This could be seen in what Roman culture adopted from Greek culture as is demonstrated in religion, literature, philosophy, architecture and art.Firstly, Roman religion was Influenced by Greek culture and myth. Romans extended their own beliefs to the wholesale adoption of the Olympian pantheon of gods. Almost every Roman god can be found its counterpart in Greek myth. For instance, Jupiter, originally a god of lightening, was turned into a chief God like Zeus. Juno turned into someone like Hera. Minerva turned into Athena in charge of arts, science and wisdom, and Ceres into Demeter.Secondly, Roman literature was principally made up of poetry, prose and drama. And Greek works play an important role in the growth of Roman literature. For example, Terence, an important Roman dramatist, wrote six plays altogether. With two exceptions, all of them are adapted from the Greek playwright Menander, sometimes combining portions of two plays.Thirdly, Roman philosophy was deeply influenced by the Greek philosophers, especially by the Stoic and Epicurean schools.Fourthly, the Architecture of Ancient Rome inherited from Greek cultural tradition. And they also create a new architectural style which is greatly different from Greek building style. Like Baths of Diocletian, is attached to many domes.Last but not least, Roman art is joined by Greek art and culture as part of classical culture. Given the close connections to Greek culture and art, many of the paintings, sculptures and mosaics of ancient Romans had a touch and charm of Greek culture.Say something about Judaism and the Old Testament?Founded by Moses, Judaism is a monotheistic religion which excluded all the other religious beliefs. During their captivity time in Babylonian, Jews conceived to establish a new religion that can guide them out of the oppression. In this period when Jews trace their history back to Abraham, one of the earliest monotheistic religions finally set up. The Old Testament and The Ten Commandments are two main doctrines of Judaism. Some religious beliefs and principles of Judaism ethics of Judaism had influenced Christianity and Islam. Many of Jewish traditions and festivals have provided the foundation for Western Christianity. For instance, Shavuot or Shabuoth ,the Jewish harvest festival, is something like the American Thanksgiving Day.The Old Testament was adopted by Christianity from the Bible which was a compiled book about the documents left by the ancient Hebrews. The whole Old Testament is written in classical Hebrew. The reason why Judaist Bible is named The Old Testament is to distinguish the book from The New Testament, another book compiled after the birth of Christianity. The Old Testament includes three parts: Pentateuch, Prophets, Hagiographa and Apocrypha, totally with 39 books . By reading this book, we can betterunderstand Judaism. It is a treasure of religion and literature.How much do you learn about Christianity and the New Testament?谈一谈自己对基督教和《圣经新约》的了解。

西方文化概论试卷及答案（二）西方文化概论试卷及答案（二）试卷一、名词解释爱琴文化文艺复兴笛卡尔二、论述题1、如何评价希腊化时期的文化精神？2、基督教与犹太教的主要区别表现在哪些方面？答案一、名词解释:爱琴文化：爱琴文化是指爱琴海区域公元前3000后半期——公元前12世纪的出现青铜文化。

克里特和迈锡尼是爱琴文化的两大中心，这一时期，原始氏族制度逐步解体，奴隶制国家随之产生，并创造了灿烂辉煌的文化，成为目前已知的欧洲古文明的渊源。

文艺复兴：发端于１４世纪的意大利，意思为“再生”“复兴”，表面是希腊罗马古典文化的复兴，实际上是资产阶级新文化的兴起，是欧洲从封建社会向资本主义社会过渡的过程中，新兴资产阶级在意识形态领域向封建主义和基督教神学发动的一场伟大的革命。

笛卡尔：著名的法国哲学家、科学家和数学家。

对现代数学的发展做出了重要的贡献，因将几何坐标体系公式化而被认为是解析几何之父。

他还是西方现代哲学思想的奠基人，是近代唯物论的开拓者提出了“普遍怀疑”的主张。

他的哲学思想深深影响了之后的几代欧洲人，开拓了所谓理性主义哲学。

二、论述题1、如何评价希腊化时期的文化精神？希腊化时期的文化随着亚历山大帝国的崩溃，进入了一个萎靡不正的时代，他们开始以一种消极颓废的姿态来对待生存的问题，以一种玩世不恭的行为方式和冷嘲冷风的口吻来揶揄生活中一切神圣的东西，希腊化时代的种“后现代”的文化氛围是与希腊城邦时代崇高典雅的悲剧精神背道而驰的。

从表面上看，希腊化时代是希腊文化在地狱上的推广和扩展，但从实质上看，希腊化时代却是希腊文化精神的颓废和没落。

希腊文化的辉雄壮丽、动人魂魄的悲剧时代结束了，接踵而来的是一个低吟浅唱、醉生梦死的平庸时代。

在政治方面，希腊的政治向着东方的专制主义、官僚主义的腐化堕落的方向发展，亚力山大帝国分裂成的三个帝国——希腊的马其顿王国、埃及的托勒密帝国、西亚的塞琉西帝国——陷入了无休无止和徒劳无功的冲突中；希腊的文化则向着繁缛华丽和虚浮无聊的方向发展，越来越多的融入了东方文化骄奢的成分。

中西文化概论学生用书答案1、问题:Which countries are of high uncertainty avoidance cultures? 选项：A:Peru.B:Israel.C:Germany.D: Japan.答案: 【Peru.;Israel.;Germany.;Japan.】2、问题:How are messages in low context cultures conveyed?选项：A:Explicitly.B:Implicitly.C:In a direct way.D:In a hidden way.答案: 【Explicitly.;In a direct way.】3、问题:What has the Western approach to the nature long valued? 选项：A:Technology.B:Change.C:Balance.D:Science.答案: 【Technology. ;Change.;Science.】4、问题:Based on socialrelationships between people, Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck classify cultures into three types. What are they?选项：A:Individualistic.B:Collateral.C:Lineal.D: Internal .答案: 【Individualistic.;Collateral.;Lineal.】5、问题:What imagery does the Chinese anthropologist, Fei Xiaotong use to describe Chinese’s focus of the self in regards to relationships?选项：A: An onion peeled off one layer after another.B: A man walking upstairs step by step.C:Ice melting and dripping from above.D:Water rippling from a center.答案: 【Water rippling from a center. 】6、问题:What will collectivists avoid?选项：A:Fitting in their community.B:Valuing harmony and conformity.C:Expressing their ideas freely.D:Emphasizing sense of belonging.答案: 【Expressing their ideas freely.】7、问题:According to Hofstede’s theory, which aspects does the cultural dimension of long-term vs. short-term orientation describe?选项：A:Value.B:Gender.C:Class.D:Psychology.答案: 【Value.】8、问题:Most low power distance cultures are individualistic societies.选项：A:对B:错答案: 【对】9、问题:Low context communications pay much attention to messages sent non-verbally.选项：A:对B:错答案: 【错】10、问题:In high context cultures, meaning is always contained in words.选项：A:对B:错答案: 【错】见面课：文化、思维与语言1、问题:Which of the following common expressions about the notion of time represent the M-time (Monochronic-time) culture?选项：A: Time is money.B: Punctuality messes up schedules.C:A watch did not invent man.D:Time waits for no one.答案: 【Time is money.;Time waits for no one.】2、问题:Which of the following statements are true?选项：A:Compared with nonverbal communication, verbal communication is more likely to be context dependent.B:Verbal communication is exclusive to the users of a particular language, whereas some nonverbal codes are recognized across cultures.C:Verbal and nonverbal communication are not contradictory to each other, but they are complementary.D:There are very fewer chances of confusion in verbal communication between the sender and receiver than in nonverbalcommunication.答案: 【Verbal communication is exclusive to the users of a particular language, whereas some nonverbal codes are recognized across cultures. ;Verbal and nonverbal communication are not contradictory to each other, but they are complementary.;There are very fewer chances of confusion in verbal communication between the sender and receiver than in nonverbal communication.】3、问题:In which country does nodding your head up and down mean “no”?选项：A:BulgariaB: RussiaC:ThailandD: Finland答案: 【Bulgaria】4、问题:Which of the following statements about verbal communication is not true?选项：A:Verbal communication is symbolic and meanings are established through its use.B:In some sense, the language you speak influences the way you view the world.C: Verbal communication is more vulnerable to misunderstanding.D:Culture influences the meanings that are given to words and the words that are actually used.答案: 【Verbal communication is more vulnerable to misunderstanding.】5、问题: Silence in dominant American culture is often linked to credibility. That is, someone who is silent is often perceived as having higher credibility than someone who talks a lot.选项：A:对B:错答案: 【错】6、问题:The OK gesture means positively in Arabic culture.选项：A:对B:错答案: 【错】7、问题:According to the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, language determines the way we think, in other words, language shapes our thought.选项：A:对B:错答案: 【对】见面课：文化、文化特征与跨文化概论1、问题:Match the values with the behaviors：Taking off from work to attend the funeral of a cousin选项：A:Being directB:Centrality of familyC:FatalismD:Saving face答案: 【Centrality of family】2、问题:Match the values with the behaviors：At a meeting, agreeing with a suggestion you think is wrong选项：A:being indirectB:Saving faceC:Respect for ageD:Informality答案: 【Saving face】3、问题:Match the values with the behaviors：Asking people to call you by your first name选项：A:Self-relianceB:Respect for ageC:InformalityD:Deference to authority答案: 【Informality】4、问题:In response to a compliment on his excellent oral presentation, a Japanese business executive replies, “No, it wasn’t very good.”Which of the following is the MOST likely explanation for this response?选项：A:He thought the person giving the compliment was his inferior.B:He thought the comment was meant sarcastically.C:He was giving the response to a compliment considered socially correct in his culture.D:He really was not very well prepared for his presentation, and he was embarrassed because his facts might not all be correct.答案: 【He was giving the response to a compliment considered socially correct in his culture. 】5、问题:Which of the following statements do you think is wrong?选项：A:I understand culture as a treasure that is part of our collective memory, of our perception of ourselves.B:The more we know about the cultures of others, the moreopen-minded, tolerant and global we become.C:Our cultural traits, values and beliefs are different and diverse. However, it is the respect and understanding we foster that makes us truly human.D:Culture is only visible in the ways of people’s life答案: 【Culture is only visible in the ways of people’s life】6、问题:Culture is （）选项：A:dynamicB:subject to changeC:staticD:tangible rather than intangible答案: 【dynamic;subject to change】7、问题:Culture is （）选项：A:learned rather than innateB: transmitted across generation by means of social interactions.C:dynamic and subject to change.D:isolated and immune to external influences.答案: 【learned rather than innate;transmitted across generation by means of social interactions.;dynamic and subject to change.】答案: 【对】。