延续性动词和短暂性动词的区别

延续性动词和短暂性动词的区别

延续性动词: live,run,stay,clean,play,hold,watch,teach,read,study,teach,eat,drink,write,dance, sing,smoke

瞬间性动词:

open,stop,like,love,die,win,close,shot,begin,start enter,finish

1、终止性动词：表示不能延续的动作，即动作发生后立即结束。如：begin,arrive,borrow,buy,break,close,come,fall,dic,finish,go,leave,lend,mary,reach,receive,open,sell ,start,stop 等。

终止性动词的肯定式是不能持续的，所以不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，而终止性的否定式就可以和表一段时间的状语连用，因为否定本身就是可以延续的。

如：have a cold是持续性动词，表示“状态”，可与表延续性的时间状语连用，不定冠词不能省略。

I′ve had a cold since my arrival（到达n.）.

I didn′t go to school because I had had a bad cold for days.

catch a cold是短暂性动作，表“动态”：它不能和延续性时间状语连用，不定冠词“a”可有可无，catch可用take,get代替。

Put on your coat,or you′ll catch/take/get a cold.

Take care not to get cold.

但是，若cold前有形容词修饰时，则不定冠词不能省。

如：Brown has taken a slight cold.

注意下列句子：

I have caught a cold for over a week.(×)

I have had a cold for over a week.()

2、延续性动词：表示可以延续一段时间的动作或状态。如：be,drink,fly,eat,keep,lie,live,rain 等。

延续性动词常不能和表示一个短暂具体的时间状语连用；这类动词如用于进行时态，则可以和表示一个短暂具体的时刻连用。

He worked at eight yesterday afternoon.(×)

He was working at eight yesterday afternoon.()

3、代替终止性动词的方法

a)用延续性动词代替终止性动词

1、用have代替buy

My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years.

2、用keep或have代替borrow

I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days.

3、用be替代become

How long has your sister been a teacher?

4、用have a cold代替catch a cold

Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.

5、用wear代替put on

b)用“be＋形容词”代终止性动词

1、be＋married代marry

2、be＋ill代fall (get) ill

3、be＋dead代die

4、be＋asleep代fall (get) asleep

5、be＋awake代wake/wake up

6、be＋gone代lose,die,sell,leave

7、be＋open代open 8、be closed代close/shut

9、be＋missing(gone,lost)代lose

c)用“be＋副词”代终止性动词

1“be＋on”代start,begin

2“be＋up”代get up

3“be＋back(to)”代return to,come back to,go back to

4“be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here或go (arrive,reach,get) there等等

d)用“be＋介词短语”代终止性动词

1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to

2.用be in the army 代替join the army

3.“be in/at +地点”代替move to