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ICP-OES 2100DV仪器操作
ICP开机步骤：（1）先开通风
（2）水电气（冷水循环机，空气压缩器，氩气）电源
（3）雾化器（根据实验需求选择开启）
（4）主机
（5）电脑
（6）连接工作站
（7）点火（如果点不上火，弹出对话框，根据对话框提示的信息进行操作）
编辑方法：点击左上角文件→新建→方法（或工具栏上点击新建方法）→出现方法对话框点击元素周期表选择所测元素和波长→点击校准编辑编写标准曲线→编写标准曲线浓度点→保存方法
工具栏里点击检查检查方法是否可行
进样步骤：点击“手工”弹出对话框→进样管插入超纯水中→点击分析空白→把进样管插入标样中→点击分析标样→点击工具栏“光谱”出现谱图→重复上述步骤做出标准曲线→进样管放入试样中点击分析试样→点击工具栏“光谱”出现谱图
数据处理：点击左下角工作站脱机。
AADvance培训⼿册中⽂版系统培训⼿册操作系统构建配置编程排除故障维护AADvance可编程控制器指南1.5版本2012年5⽉2AADvance System Training Manual, version 1.5注意The content of this document is confidential to ICS Triplex and their partners. This document contains proprietary information that is protected by copyright. All rights are reserved. No part of this documentation may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, for any purpose, without the express written permission of ICS Triplex.该⽂件内容对于ICS Triplex和他们的合作⽅均是机密的。
本⽂档包含有受版权保护的专有信息，公司保留其所有权。
没有ICS Triplex明确的书⾯许可，本⽂档的任何部分都不允许以任何电⼦或机械的形式或⽅式被复制和传播，包括复印和记录。
The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. The reader should, in all cases, consult ICS Triplex to determine whether any such changes have been made.本⽂档所包含信息可以随时更改，不另⾏通知。
ICP测试样品处理及标准溶液配制1.Cu和Ag元素测试0.2mg-0.3mg的样品，加入到10ml的浓HNO3超声处理，过滤，获得澄清溶液。
2.Zn元素测试2-3mg的样品，加入到10ml的1M HNO3超声处理，过滤，获得澄清溶液，测试元素Cu和Zn。
3.Cd和Co元素测试2-3mg的样品，加入到10ml的4M HNO3超声处理溶解样品，过滤，获得澄清溶液。
4.K、Na、Si和Al元素测试5、Li，Ni和Mn元素测试疑问：1.各种元素配制标准溶液的浓度范围;样品前处理是否合适？2.我们有购买的多元素混合标准液（1000ug/ml），是否可以用来稀释配制标准溶液，做各种元素的标准曲线？还是只能使用无机盐来配制标准曲线。
3.K、Na、Si和Al元素测试，试样为碱性溶液，加硝酸酸化，酸化后溶液的pH值一般要求为多少，标准溶液配制是否也要调节pH值与待测液一致？K、Na、Si和Al标准溶液的浓度范围为多少时测试准确性会更高？答复：1. 8000ICP有轴向、轴向衰减、径向、径向衰减四种观测方式，可接受的信号范围很大。
对于不同元素，从几个PPB到几十甚至上百PPM都可以。
所以元素标液的浓度范围主要看消解好的样液浓度而定。
当然，对于含盐量高或基体复杂的样品，要考虑基体效应的影响。
样品前处理方法取决于样品的类型和性质，以及你要测的是总量还是溶出量，无法一概而论。
2.多元素混标完全可以用，没有问题。
3.如果你的仪器配置的是十字交叉雾化器耐氢氟酸进样系统，无论酸性碱性样品都可以直接进样测，至于样品的稳定性取决于样品性质，没有通用的方法，要试了才知道。
理论上，用外标法测样，标液和样品试液的性质越接近越好，如果基体效应对测定结果有影响，就要考虑基体匹配或标准加入法。
只要样液的浓度大于定量限，并在系统的线性范围内，细心操作，都可以测准。
FIDIC INTERNATIONAL TRAINING PROGRAMMEFIDIC EPC Contract Module: Understanding the FIDIC EPC/Turnkey Contract Programme: two-day training course (also available as a one-day course)This practical training course, provided by professional engineers with extensive international experience, explains and illustrates the use of the FIDIC EPC Contract (the“Engineering, Procurement and Construction/Turnkey Contract”). The course is designed to help the participants have confidence in working with this document whether representing employers, consultants or contractors. Case studies are included.Day 1: 09.00 - 17.30The EPC/turnkey modelBackground to EPC / Turnkey Projects: why the Silver Book?What is an EPC or turnkey project?When is an EPC/turnkey type of project delivery used?Overview of FIDIC and the FIDIC forms of contractsOutline of FIDIC and the FIDIC contractsThe main current construction forms: Red, Yellow, Silver and Gold Books; the MDB harmonised editionMain distinguishing features of the Silver Book: Unforeseeable difficulties, Design responsibility, Operations of NatureLatest developmentsThe FIDIC Silver Book: principles and detailClauses 1-3: the General Provisions and the Employer: Governing law/ procedural law; ruling language and communication; priority of documents.Tailoring the Contract: the Particular ConditionsObligations of Employer; administration; Employer’s instructions; determinations ; Employer’s claimsClauses 4 and 5: the General obligations of contractor; securing performance; Contractor’s representative; SubcontractingSufficiency of the contract price –deeming provisions; Contractor’s responsibility for errors in Employer’s Requirements; Contractor’s documents; other obligations of ContractorDay 2: 09.00 - 17.30Clauses 6 and 7 : Staff and labour; progress reports; remedial work; testingClauses 8: commencement, delays and suspension; the Programme; importance; Delay damages – right to levy - liquidated damages and penalties.Clauses 9-12: Tests on and after completion; Employer’s Taking over; defects liability. Clauses 13 and 14: Variations, Adjustments and Payment.Clause 15: termination by Employer; Contractor default; termination for convenience.Clause 16: Suspension and Termination by the Contractor.Clauses 17-19: Allocation of specific risks; insurance obligations; Force Majeure - meaning and effect of force majeure events.Clause 20: Contractor’s claims; the Sub-Clause 20.1 time bar; importance of contemporary records.Notices of claim; identifying claim events and circumstances.Dispute resolution in the FIDIC contracts through DAB and ArbitrationThe DAB process: what is a DAB and how does it work?What happens if the dispute is not finally resolved after a DAB?Amicable settlementArbitration: what is arbitration and how is an arbitration conducted?How can the successful party enforce an arbitration award?Practical points about managing a dispute and reducing the risk of lengthy and expensive proceedings.Case study and concluding discussion; presentation of certificates。
FOREWORD 前言The quality of excipients is critical to assure the safety, quality and efficacy of medicines. Excipients have a wide range of applications and are essential components of the drug product formulation. Characteristics that excipients impart to formulated drug products include cosmetic appearance, stability and delivery of the active ingredient. Therefore, applying appropriate Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) principles to excipients is essential. 辅料的质量对保证药品的安全、质量和功效是至关重要的。
辅料的应用范围广泛，是药品生产配方的基本成分。
辅料的特性直接影响药品的配方，包括化妆品的外观、稳定性和活性成分的输送。
因此，应用适当的GMP 规则是辅料的基础。
In contrast to finished dosage forms and Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs), there are no specific GMP regulations for excipients. In addition, there are a large number of applications of this diverse range of materials which makes the development of excipient GMP guidelines challenging. However, there is a general expectation that excipients are manufactured to recognised GMP principles.与制剂和原料药相比，没有明确的针对辅料的GMP的规则。
