下载文档原格式
英国文学(English Literature)450-1066 Old English (or Anglo-Saxon) Period 古英语（或盎格鲁—撒克逊）时期1066-1500 Middle English Period 中古英语时期1500-1660 1516-1578 1578-1625 1625-1660The Renaissance 文艺复兴1) The beginning of the Renaissance2) The flowering period3) The epilogue of the Renaissance1660-1785 The Neoclassical Period 新古典主义时期1785-1830 The Romantic Period 浪漫主义时期1832-1901 The Victorian Period 维多利亚时期1901-1914 The Edwardian Period 爱德华时期1910-1936 The Georgian Period 乔治五世时期1914 - The Modern Period 现代时期1945 - Postmodernism 后现代主义一、Old and Medieval English Literature中古英语文学(8世纪-14世纪)1) The Old English Period / The Anglo-Saxon Period古英语时期(449-1066)a. pagan poetry(异教诗歌): Beowulf《贝奥武甫》- 最早的诗歌；长诗(3000行) heroism & fatalism & Christian qualitiesthe folk legends of the primitive northern tribes; a heroic Scandinavian epic legend; 善恶有报b. religious poetry: C aedmon(凯德蒙610-680): the first known religious poet; the father of English songCynewulf(基涅武甫9C): The Christc. 8th C, Anglo-Saxon prose: Venerable Bede(673-735); Alfred the Great(848-901)2) The Medieval Period中世纪(1066-ca.1485 / 1500):a. Romance中世纪传奇故事(1200-1500): the Middle Ages; 英雄诗歌无名诗人- Sir Gawain and the Green Knight《高文爵士与绿色骑士》: Celtic legend; verse-romance; 2530 lines~ 14th C,Age of Chaucer:* Geoffrey Chaucer(乔叟1340-1400): 文风：vivid and exact language, his poetry is full of vigor and swiftnessthe father of English poetry; the father of English fiction; 首创“双韵体”；首位用伦敦方言写作英国作家The Canterbury Tales:pilgrims stories 受Boccaccio(薄伽丘) - Decameron《十日谈》启发The House of Fame; Troilus and Criseyde; The Romaunt of the Rose《玫瑰罗曼史》(译作) * William Langland(朗兰1332-1400)：The Vision of Piers Plowman《农夫皮尔斯之幻象》: 普通人眼中的社会抗议b. 15th C, English ballads:Thomas Malory (1395-1471) :Morte d’Arthur《亚瑟王之死》- 圆桌骑士二、The Renaissance Period英国文艺复兴(1500-1660): humanism十四行诗，文艺复兴，无韵诗，伊丽莎白戏剧1) 诗歌Henry Howard(霍华德1516-1547)a. Thomas Wyatt (怀亚特1503-1542): the first to introduce the sonnet into English literatureb. Sir Philip Sidney(雪尼爵士1554-1586)：代表了当时的理想- “the complete man”Defense of Poetry《为诗辩护》Astrophel and Stella; Arcadia《阿卡狄亚》: a prose romance filled with lyrics; a forerunner of the modern worldc.Edmund Spenser(斯宾塞1552-1599): the poets’ poet; non-dramatic poet of伊丽莎白时代- long allegorical romance文风：a perfect melody, a rare sense of beauty and a splendid imagination. The Shepherd CalendarThe Faerie Queen《仙后》：long poem for Queen Elizabeth; Allegory - nine-line verse stanza/ the Spenserian Stanza Spenserian Stanza(斯宾塞诗体): Nine lines, the first eight lines is in iambic(抑扬格) pentameter(五步诗),and the ninth line is an iambic hexameter(六步诗) line.2) Prose 散文a. Thomas More(莫尔1478-1535): 欧洲早期空想社会主义创始人Utopia《乌托邦》: More与海员的对话b. John Lyly(黎里1553-160，剧作家&小说家)：EupheusEuphuism(夸饰文体): Abundant use of balanced sentences, alliterations(头韵) and other artificial prosodic(韵律) means.The use of odd similes(明喻) and comparisonsc. Francis Bacon (培根1561-1626)：英国首位散文家，中世纪至现代欧洲时期; 近代唯物主义哲学奠基人和近代实验科学先驱: the first true English prose classic the trumpeter of a new age;Essays(论说文集)：Of Studies, Of Love, Of Beauty3) 戏剧a. Christopher Marlowe(马洛1564-1593): University Wits 大学才子派Edward II；The Jew of Malta《马耳他的犹太人》first made blank verse(无韵诗：不押韵的五步诗) the principle instrument of English dramaThe Tragical History of Doctor Faustus《浮士德博士的悲剧》：根据德国民间故事书写成; 完善了无韵体诗。
Key Points for British Literature英国文学第一节中古时期Old and Medieval English literature（15世纪以前）The Norman Conquest in 1066 marked the beginning of Medieval English literature, which ended around the end of the 15th centuryLanguage spoken by the Anglo-Saxons is called the Old English古时期✧《贝奥武甫》Beowulf ：1)the highest achievement of the old English2)Is a typical example of old English poety and is the oldest surviving alliterative epic(头韵诗)✧卡德蒙Caedom:1)The earliest English poet2)《卡德蒙赞美诗》Caedom's Hymn中时期✧《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》Sir Gawain and the Green Knight1)One of the best Middle English romance✧托马斯.马洛礼Thomas Marlory1)《亚瑟王之死》Le Morte D'Arthur✧威廉.朗格兰William Langland1)《耕者皮尔斯》Piers the Plowman: 是一部长达7000多行的头韵长诗（alliterativeepic）2)The early great works of English literature along with Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales✧杰弗里.乔叟Geoffrey Chaucer1)英国诗歌之父，英国小说之父2)《坎特伯雷故事集》The Canterbury Tales3)《坎特伯雷故事集》展现了14世纪的社会全景4)heroic couplet15世纪的作品1)《罗宾汉民谣》The Robin Hood ballads第二节文艺复兴时期The English Renaissance Period（14世纪到17世纪中期）诗歌The English Renaissance encouraged the reformation of the ChurchA great speed in Elizabethan✧托马斯.怀亚特Thomas Wyatt1)the most interesting poet of the first half of 16th century and the first to introduce the sonnet into English Literature✧亨利.霍华德Henry Howard1）英国文学史上第一个创作无韵诗的诗人✧菲利普.锡德尼爵士Sir Philip Sidney1）《爱星者与星星》Astrophel and Stella2）《为诗一辩》Apology and Poetry✧埃德蒙. 斯宾塞Edmund Spenser1)诗人中的诗人the poets poet2)桂冠诗人poet laureate3)斯宾塞是伊莉莎白时期最伟大的非戏剧诗人，被称为诗圣4)《牧羊人日记》The Shepherd's Calendar5)《新婚喜歌》Epithalamion6)《仙后》Faerie Queene：斯宾塞诗体，亚历山大格式散文✧托马斯.莫尔Thomas More1)《乌托邦》Utopia✧弗朗西斯.培根Francis Bacon1)第一位英国散文家2)《亨利七世的统治和生活史》3)《论学术的进展》The Advancement of Learing4)《论说文集》Eassys5)《新亚特兰蒂斯》The New Atlantis✧约翰.黎里John Lyly1) 《尤弗西斯》Euphues：euphuism(跨市文体)戏剧✧克里斯托弗.马洛Christopher Malowe1)莎士比亚前最伟大的剧作家，是大学才子派（University Wits）中最有天赋的作家，首创戏剧的创作手法“无韵诗”2)《帖木儿》Tamburlaine3)《浮士的博士的悲剧》4)《马耳他岛的犹太人》The Jew of Malta✧莎士比亚1)英国文艺复兴时期最重要的剧作家2)喜剧：A Midsummer Night’s Dream; The Merchant of V enice; As You Like It; The Twelfth Night《十二夜》，Much Alo About Nothing《无事生非》3)悲剧: Hamlet; Othello; King Lear; Macbeth《罗密欧与朱丽叶》4)历史剧：《亨利四世》《亨利五世》5)长诗：《维纳斯和阿多尼斯》Venus and Adonis《露易丝受辱记》The Rape of Lucrece✧本. 琼森Ben Johnson1)《狐狸》V olpone2)The most important dramatist successors of Shakespeare第三节资产阶级革命和王政复辟时期The Period of Revolution and Restoration (17 世纪)资产阶级时期的诗人✧约翰.弥尔顿John Milton1)无韵诗大师2)他在这一时期的地位相当于莎士比亚在伊莉莎白时期，乔叟在中世纪时期的地位3)《失乐园》Paradise Lost : 本书是自《贝奥武甫》以后最伟大的英国史诗4)《复乐园》Paradise Regained5)《力士参孙》Samson Agonistes: the most perfect example of the verse drama after the Greek style in English✧约翰.多恩John Donne1)玄学派的创始人the founder of the Metaphysical School2)《日出》The Sun Rising3)《歌谣与十四行诗》Songs and Sonnets4)《神圣十四行诗》Holy Sonnets5)《给圣父的赞美诗》A Hymn to God the Father6)《死神莫骄妄》Death, Be Not Proud7)《分别：莫忧伤》A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning✧乔治.赫伯特George Herbert1)玄学派的圣人the saint of the Metaphysical School2)《祭坛》The Altar: 在这部作品中，作者用排版的技巧来表达他对宗教的虔诚3)《复活节的翅膀》Easter Wings资产阶级革命时期的散文家✧约翰.班扬1）清教徒清教徒时期地位最高的散文家，散文风格模仿《圣经》2）《天路历程》The Pilgrim's Progress：the most successful religious allegory(寓言)3）《落在愤怒之神手中的罪人》Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners4）《贝德曼先生》The Life and Death of Mr.Badman5）《圣战》The Holy War王政复辟时期的作家✧杰里米.柯里尔Jeremy Collier1）a non-conformist clergyman(非国传教士)2）《略论英国舞台上的不道德和亵渎》A Short View of the Immorality and Profaneness of the English Stage✧约翰.德莱顿John Dryden1)王朝复辟时期最著名的作家2)18世纪英国古典主义的先驱者the forerunner of the English classical school of literature3)是弥尔顿时期与蒲柏时期之间最伟大的诗人，称桂冠诗人达20年4)他把英雄双韵体作为讽刺诗和描述性诗体的风尚5)英国批评文学之父the father of English criticism6)《？鹿与豹》The Hind and the Panther7)《一切为了爱情》All for Love8)《押沙龙与阿托奈托菲尔》Absalom and Achitophel: subject is politics and is written in heroic couplet9)《论戏剧诗歌》An Essay of Dramatic Poesy: his best work第四节启蒙运动The Age of Enlightenment(18世纪)The 18th century of England is known as the Age of Enlightenment or the Age of Reason(理性时期)Neo-Classicism(新古典主义) made a rapid growth in the 18th centuryThe rise and growth of the realistic novel is the most important achievement in the 18th century English literayure新古典主义作家✧亚历山大.浦柏Alexander Pope1) 浦柏是英国18世纪最伟大的诗人，以讽刺诗体以及对《荷马史诗》的翻译而闻名2）首次把理性主义带到英国3）《论批评》An Essay on Criticism4) 《夺发记》The Rape of the Lock: 优秀的讽刺史诗a finest mockepic5) 《人伦》Essay on Man: a philosophical poem in heroic couplets✧理查德.斯梯尔Richard Steele 约瑟夫.艾迪生Joseph Addison《闲谈者报》和《旁观者报》The Tattler and The Spectator are the literary periodicals by Richard Steele and Joseph Addison✧塞缪尔.约翰逊Samuel Johnson1)《英语字典》：become the foundation of all the subsequent English dictionaries 2）《诗人转》The Lives of English Poet现实主义作家✧丹尼尔.笛福Daniel Defoe1)是现代小说的奠基人2)英国和欧洲小说之父3)《鲁宾逊漂流记》Robinson Crusoe: the first English novel4)《辛格顿船长》Captain Singleton：narrator of his own story5)《杰克上校》Colonel Singleton6)《摩尔•弗兰德斯》Moll Flanders: autobiography✧乔纳森.斯威夫特1)An Irish master of Satires2)《一个木桶的故事》A Tale of a Tub: a parable(寓言)，established his name as asatirist3)《一个麻布商的书信》The Drapper's Letters4)《一个谦卑的建议》A Modest Proposal: the author denounces the cruel and unjusttreatment of Ireland by the English government and stir up the Irish people to fight5)《对1708的预言》Predictions for the Year 17086)《比克斯塔夫先生第一个预言的应验》Vindication of Isaac Bickerstaff7)《格列弗游记》Gulliver’s Travels:本书是对英国和欧洲生活各个方面最有效的，最具破坏性的批评和讽刺✧亨利.菲尔丁Henry Fielding1)Father of the English NovelAs a novelist:2)《约瑟夫.安德鲁斯的经历》：in the preface, he decribes the novel" a comic epic poemin prose''(散文滑稽史诗）3)《大伟人乔纳森.魏尔德》Jonathan Wild the Great: exposes the English bourgeoissociety(资产阶级社会）and mocks at its political system4)《弃婴汤姆.琼斯的故事》The History of Tom Jones, a Foyndling：以人性为主题，作者认为人性是善与恶的结合5)《阿米丽亚》Amelia: reveal the shameless deed of the noble and the rich感伤主义作家Writers of Sentimental Tradition✧塞缪尔.查理森Samuel Richardson1)《帕米拉》Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded2)《克拉丽萨》Clarissa Harlowe3)《查尔斯.格兰迪森爵士》Sir Richard Grandison✧劳伦斯.斯特恩Laurence Sterne1)《项狄传》Tristram Shandy2)《伤感旅行》A Sentimental Journey✧奥利弗.戈德史密斯Oliver Goldsmith1)他是感伤主义学派的杰出代表2)《旅游人》The Traveler3)《荒村》The Deserted Village: his best poem4)《威克菲尔德牧师》The Vicar of Wakefield: provide one of the most enduringcharacters in English fiction✧托马斯.格雷Thomas Gray1)他是感伤主义诗歌，墓畔派的领导人。
关于形容战士的英语诗战士学员是军校学员的重要组成部分,在军队现代化、正规化建设中发挥着不可替代的作用。
下面是店铺带来的关于形容战士的英语诗，欢迎阅读!关于形容战士的英语诗篇一Translation of the Famous Greek War Song希腊战歌起来，希腊的儿男!Sons of the Greeks, arise!光荣时刻已到来，The glorious hour's gone forth,要效法我们祖先，And, worthy of such ties,不枉作英豪后代!Display who gave us birth.起来，希腊的儿男!Sons of Greeks! let us go挥戈向敌人迎战，In arms against the foe,让他们腥臭的血川Till their hated blood shall flow像河水在脚下奔窜!In a river past our feet.让我们傲然抗拒Then manfully despising土耳其暴君的强权，The Turkish tyrant's yoke,让祖国眼见她儿女Let your country see you rising,站起来，砸碎锁链!And all her chains are broke.先王和先哲的英灵Brave shades of chiefs and sages,来检阅这场决战!Behold the coming strife!希腊的列祖列宗Hellenes of past ages,听到号角的呼唤，Oh, start again to life!快从坟墓中苏生，At the sound of my trumpet, breaking 参加我们的战斗!Your sleep, oh, join with me!要攻克七山之城，And the seven-hill'd city seeking,夺回我们的自由!Fight, conquer, till we're free.起来，希腊的儿男!Sons of Greeks! let us go挥戈向敌人迎战，In arms against the foe,让他们腥臭的血川Till their hated blood shall flow像河水在脚下奔窜!In a river past our feet.醒来吧，斯巴达!今天Sparta, Sparta, why in slumbers你怎能高卧不起?Lethargic dost thou lie?同你的老伙伴雅典Awake, and join thy numbers快联合起来抗敌!With Athens, old ally!把历代讴歌的主君Leonidas recalling,列奥尼达斯唤回，That chief of ancient song,他曾拯救过你们，Who saved ye once from falling, 何等刚强而可畏!The terrible! the strong!扼守在温泉险关，Who made that bold diversion 他英勇牵制敌寇，In old Thermopylae,同波斯军队鏖战，And warring with the Persian让祖国得保自由;To keep his country free;他率领三百勇士，With his three hundred waging 战斗中始终挺立，The battle, long he stood,像威猛暴怒的雄狮，And like a lion raging,在滔滔血海中沉溺。
一、The Anglo-Saxon period (449-1066)1、这个时期的文学作品分类：pagan(异教徒) Christian(基督徒)2、头韵体代表作：The Song of Beowulf《贝奥武甫》( national epic 民族史诗) 采用了隐喻手法【Alliteration 押头韵（写作手法）和metaphor暗语understatement婉转表达】3、散文Bede比德Alfred二、The Anglo-Norman period (1066-1350)1、romance 传奇文学佚名诗人：代表作：Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (高文爵士和绿衣骑士) 是一首押头韵的长诗2、Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400) 杰弗里.乔叟时期① the father of English poetry 英国诗歌之父②heroic couplet 英雄双韵体：a verse unit consisting of two rhymed(押韵) lines in iambic pentameter(五步抑扬格)③代表作：the Canterbury Tales 坎特伯雷的故事(英国文学史的开端)3、Langland 朗格兰Piers the plowman《农夫彼尔斯》4、Malory 马罗礼Le Morte D'Arthur亚瑟王之死5、Popular Ballads大众民谣：a story hold in 4-line stanzas with second and fourth line rhymed 代表人物：Bishop Thomas Percy 托马斯.帕希主教代表作：Robin Hood and Allin-a-Dale 罗宾汉和阿林代尔三、The Renaissance (16世纪) 文艺复兴时期十四行诗sonnet和对白体无韵诗（主体）1、key work: humanism 人文主义：admire human beauty and human achievement2、代表人物：（第一阶段）1)、Thomas More 托马斯.莫尔Utopia 乌托邦Book two is more important2）、Wyatt 魏阿特1st man to introduce into England sonnet3)、Surrey 萨利1st man to reform sonnet/ to use blank verse/ to use sonnet series（二、伊莉沙白时代:)4)、Sidney 锡特尼（田园）阿斯特罗菲尔与斯黛拉Astrophel and StellaApology for poetry 诗辨（人文主义、文学批评）5）Spenser斯宾塞（田园）poet's poet① The Faerie Queene仙后(epic poem 史诗) The Shepherds Calendar牧人日历② Amoretti爱情小唱Epithalamion婚后曲Colin Clouts Come Home Againe柯林•克劳特回来了Foure Hymnes四首赞美歌6）、Lyly 李雷Euphues 尤菲倚斯7)、Marlowe马洛（戏剧）Doctor Faustus浮士德博士的悲剧（代表作）desire for knowledgeTamburlaine帖木耳大帝desire for powerThe Jew of Malta马耳他的犹太人desire for moneyblank verse(无韵体：不押韵的五步抑扬格) 是十六世纪英国戏剧的主要表现形式。
英国文学简史（刘炳善著河南人民出版社）笔记part5-6Part Five : Romanticism in EnglandChapter 1 the Romantic periodThe romantic period began in 1798 the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge’s , and end in 1832 with Sir Walter Scott’s death.Romanticism:It emphasize the specialqualitie of each individual’s mind.(人应该是独立自由的个体)In it, emotion over reason, spontaneous emotion, a change from the outer world of social civilization to the inner world of the human spirit, poetry should be free from all rules, imagination, nature, commonplace.Two major novelists of the Romantic period are Jane Austen (realistic) and Walter Scott (romantic). “The Lake Poets”湖畔诗人，who lived in the lake district.William Wordsworth; Samuel Taylor Coleridge; Robert SoutheyImportant event:The French RevolutionPeterloo MasscareAmid these social conflicts romanticism arose as a new literary trend. It prevailed in england during the period 1798-1832. Generally speaking, the romanticists expressed the ideology and sentiment of those classes and social strata who were discontent with, and opposed to, the development of capitalism.The works of romanticists is a dissatisfaction with the bourgeois society, they paid great attention to the spritual and emotional life of man.Walter scott marked the transitionChapter 2 William Wordsworth威廉?华兹华斯1770~1850（与柯尔律治、骚塞同被称为“湖畔派”诗人。
In Xanadu did Kubla Khan
A stately pleasure-dome decree:
Where Alph, the sacred river, ran
Through caverns measureless to man
Down to a sunless sea.
So twice five miles of fertile ground
With walls and towers were girdled round;
And there were gardens bright with sinuous rills, Where blossomed many an incense-bearing tree;
And here were forests ancient as the hills,
Enfolding sunny spots of greenery.
But oh! that deep romantic chasm which slanted
Down the green hill athwart a cedarn cover!
A savage place! as holy and enchanted
As e’er beneath a waning moon was haunted
By woman wailing for her demon-lover!
And from this chasm, with ceaseless turmoil seething, As if this earth in fast thick pants were breathing, A mighty fountain momently was forced:
Amid whose swift half-intermitted burst
Huge fragments vaulted like rebounding hail,
Or chaffy grain beneath the thresher’s flail: And mid these dancing rocks at once and ever It flung up momently the sacred river.
Five miles meandering with a mazy motion Through wood and dale the sacred river ran, Then reached the caverns measureless to man, And sank in tumult to a lifeless ocean;
And ’mid this tumult Kubla heard from far Ancestral voices prophesying war!
The shadow of the dome of pleasure
Floated midway on the waves;
Where was heard the mingled measure
From the fountain and the caves.
It was a miracle of rare device,
A sunny pleasure-dome with caves of ice!
A damsel with a dulcimer
In a vision once I saw:
It was an Abyssinian maid
And on her dulcimer she played,
Singing of Mount Abora.
Could I revive within me
Her symphony and song,
To such a deep delight ’twould win me, That with music loud and long,
I would build that dome in air,
That sunny dome! those caves of ice! And all who heard should see them there, And all should cry, Beware! Beware!
His flashing eyes, his floating hair! Weave a circle round him thrice,
And close your eyes with holy dread
For he on honey-dew hath fed,
And drunk the milk of Paradise.。
